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Introdução: Para facilitar o manuseio da resina composta, foram desenvolvidos umidificadores/modeladores; além disso, adesivos também têm sido usados para esse fim. Entretanto, os resultados são controversos quanto à influência desses materiais fluídos nas propriedades físicas do compósito. Objetivo: No presente estudo, foi avaliada a influência do uso de modelador de resina, adesivo puro e sistema adesivo simplificado na rugosidade e estabilidade de cor de um compósito. Métodos: Foram confeccionados quarenta espécimes (n = 10 por grupo) (8mm diâmetro x 2mm espessura) com um compósito nano-híbrido. Para o alisamento, foi realizado o umedecimento da espátula com modelador de resina, adesivo puro, adesivo simplificado ou nenhum material (limpeza com gaze). A rugosidade foi mensurada com o rugosímetro e a estabilidade de cor, pelo sistema CIE L*a*b*, usando um espectrofotômetro. Em seguida, os espécimes foram imersos em vinho tinto por três horas diárias durante 40 dias e, ao fim, as propriedades foram reavaliadas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela ANOVA e pelo teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Resultados: O alisamento com adesivo puro promoveu a menor rugosidade, independentemente do período analisado; seguido pelo modelador e adesivo simplificado, enquanto o alisamento sem qualquer resina fluída promoveu a maior rugosidade. A maior estabilidade de cor foi obtida pelo alisamento com os adesivos puro e simplificado, seguidos pelo modelador; e a menor foi obtida para o grupo sem aplicação de resina fluída. Conclusão: O alisamento final da restauração com o umedecimento da espátula usando adesivo puro parece ser uma alternativa viável para promover uma superfície lisa e com menor manchamento.

Introdução: A persistência de microrganismos é um dos fatores determinantes de insucesso do tratamento endodôntico, que ocorre devido às iatrogenias, patologias e negligencias. Para solucionar este problema, pode-se indicar a extração dentária ou um tratamento mais conservador, como o retratamento endodôntico. Objetivo: Frente ao exposto, o principal objetivo no presente artigo é relatar um caso clínico de insucesso do tratamento endodôntico primário e o sucesso na abordagem de retratamento que culminou para a finalização positiva do caso clínico. Relato de caso clínico: Paciente com sintomatologia dolorosa ao mastigar no dente 26 foi diagnosticada com periodontite apical crônica com radioluscência periapical por meio da propedêutica clínica e radiográfica com vistas à Endodontia. Foi realizado tratamento endodôntico e após 1 ano da finalização, o paciente apresentava fístula recorrente e foi proposto a extração do dente em questão. Descontente com o plano de tratamento, buscou uma segunda opinião e foi realizado o retratamento endodôntico em sessões múltiplas com a utilização de hidróxido de cálcio como opção para medicação intracanal. Após 60 dias de medicação intracanal, realizou-se a obturação do sistema de canais radiculares e a reabilitação dentária. Conclusão: O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico é dependente da excelente limpeza e desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares e conseguinte obturação hermética; a persistência de microrganismos é um dos fatores que pode determinar um prognóstico desfavorável e uma nova reintervenção endodôntica pode levar ao sucesso, a despeito de alternativas radicais, como a exodontia e reabilitação com implantes. Por meio do caso clínico apresentado, conclui-se que o planejamento minucioso e a execução do tratamento baseado em evidência científica levam ao sucesso de tratamentos mais conservadores para o paciente e sua satisfatoriedade.

This study aims to evaluate in vitro the effect of violet LED when applied directly to dentin tissue pigmented by different substances. We analyzed the chromatic alteration, the bleaching effect and the temperature variation. Hence, 60 bovine dentin tissue discs were divided into five groups: NNatural Pigmentation; T-Black Tea; C-Soluble Coffee; W-Red Wine; B-Equine Blood. Individualized pigmentation protocols were performed and all groups reached the same chromatic change value. Subsequently, we simultaneously performed a bleaching session and measured temperature variation using a K-type thermocouple device. Data on chromatic change (∆E, ∆E00, ∆a, ∆b and ∆L), whitening effect (WID) and temperature variation were subjected to one-way Anova and Tukey's post-test at a 5% significance level. The C group showed the most relevant chromatic change values, similar to the N group, responding positively to the treatment. However, the B group differed from the control group, which showed difficulty to respond to the treatment. Regarding the whitening index, only the W group showed lower results than the others. The B group showed the greatest temperature changes. We conclude that the violet LED offered chromatic change, which generated a bleaching effect. Pigmentations with red wine and blood showed the greatest difficulty to respond to treatment, also promoting a higher temperature rise in teeth pigmented with blood.

Introdução: Lesões endoperiodontais são lesões originadas de produtos inflamatórios encontrados tanto em periodonto quanto em polpa. Tais lesões podem se originar devido a uma infecção pulpar ou periodontal. Visando o prognóstico favorável, é imprescindível o conhecimento da etiologia, realização do correto diagnóstico e elaboração do plano de tratamento que envolve o tratamento endodôntico precedido do tratamento periodontal. Objetivo: O propósito do presente trabalho foi de relatar um caso clínico de lesão endoperiodontal e o tratamento realizado. Relato de caso clínico: Paciente gênero feminino, 51 anos, compareceu à clínica com uma fístula na região do dente 46, procedeu-se com exame radiográfico, rastreamento de fístula, testes endodônticos e avaliação periodontal. Foi diagnosticada lesão endoperiodontal. Executou-se, então, o tratamento endodôntico em sessões múltiplas, utilizando hidróxido de cálcio como medicação intracanal e o tratamento periodontal concomitante; finalizou-se endodontia obturando-se os canais radiculares. Conclusão: Observou-se, no controle, que a associação de tratamentos foi eficaz e houve melhora significativa do quadro, constatando-se silêncio clínico e sucesso do tratamento. Realizar o tratamento conservador a despeito da exodontia foi a melhor escolha para a paciente. Descritores: Endodontia; Periodontia; Polpa Dentária; Periodonto. Referências Sunitha VR, Emmadi P, Namasivayam A, Thyegarajan R, Rajaraman V. The periodontal - endodontic continuum A review. J Conserv Dent. 2008;11(2):54-62. Betancourt P, Elgueta R, Fuentes R. Treatment of endo-periodontal lesion using leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin - a case report. Colomb Med. 2017;48(4):204-7. Lopes HP, Siqueira JF. Endodontia: Biologia e Técnica. Rio de Janeiro: Medsi-Guanabara Koogan; 2015. 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Treatment of periodontal-endodontic lesions--a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2014; 41(8):779-90. Jivoinovici R, Suciu I, Dimitriu B, Perlea P, Bartok R, Malita M, Ionescu C. Endo-periodontal lesion--endodontic approach. J Med Life. 2014;7(4):542-44. Estrela C. Endodontia laboratorial e clínica, Série Abeno: Odontologia Essencial - Parte Clínica. São Paulo: Artes Médicas; 2013. Vera J, Siqueira JF Jr, Ricucci D, Loghin S, Fernández N, Flores B et al. One-versus two-visit endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a histobacteriologic study. J Endod. 2012;38(8):1040-52. Mohammadi Z, Dummer PMH. Properties and applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology. Inter Endod J. 2011;44(8):697-730. Batista VES, Olian DA, Mori GG. Diffusion of hydroxyl ions from calcium hydroxide and aloe vera pastes. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(3):212-16. Pereira TC, da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos LR, Graeff MSZ, Ribeiro MCM, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. Intratubular decontamination ability and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxidepastes. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(3):1253-62. Andolfatto C, da Silva GF, Cornélio AL, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria G, Bonetti-Filho I, Cerri PS. Biocompatibility of intracanal medications based on calcium hydroxide. ISRN Dent. 2012;2012:904963. Duque TM, Prado M, Herrera DR, Gomes BPFA. Periodontal and endodontic infectious/inflammatory profile in primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement after a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(1):53-63. Kim D, Kim E. Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review - Part I. In vitro studies. Restor Dent Endod. 2014; 39(4):241-52. Adl A, Motamedifar M, Shams MS, Mirzaie A. 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Background In this study was evaluated the effect of carbamide peroxide (CP) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) in different concentrations on hardness, roughness, and color parameters (color change - ΔE, lightness - ΔL, and yellow-blue axis - Δb) of bovine teeth. Material and methods Fifty square dental blocks (7 x 7 x 2 mm) were submitted to initial readings of Knoop hardness, surface roughness (Ra), and color parameters. Specimens were divided into 5 groups (n = 10): control group was kept in artificial saliva during the experimental period; CP 20% was bleached for 2 h daily for 14 days, HP 9.5% was bleached for 30 min daily for 14 days, HP 38% the bleaching gel was applied for 15 min, gel was removed and it was reapplied for two more times, the bleaching session was repeated for another 2 times every 7 days, totaling three sessions, and in CP 45% three sessions of 30 min each were performed of 7 in 7 days. All groups after the bleaching procedures had the bleaching gel removed, washed, and kept in artificial saliva. At the end of bleaching treatment, the hardness, roughness, and color parameters (ΔE, ΔL, and Δb) were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey, and Dunnett tests (α = 0.05). Results Bleaching promoted a reduction in hardness, the CP 45% showed the lowest hardness and the CP 20% the highest, the HP 9.5% and HP 38% showed intermediate values of hardness. Bleaching agents did not affect the roughness. CP 20% and HP 38% promoted the highest values of ΔE and higher reduction of yellowish tone of tooth. Lightness increase after bleaching treatment for all groups. Conclusions All the bleaching agents tested showed effectiveness, but with reduced hardness. Key words:Carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, tooth whitening, hardness, roughness.

Objective The effect of different photoinitiators on mechanical properties of experimental composites was evaluated. Materials and Methods Resin composites were formulated by using a blend of bisphenol A-glycidyl and triethylene glycol (50/50 wt%) dimethacrylate monomers, and 65 wt% of barium aluminium silicate and silica filler particles. Photoinitiators used were 0.2% camphorquinone (CQ) and 0.8% co-initiator (DMAEMA); 0.2% phenyl-propanedione and 0.8% DMAEMA; 0.1% CQ + 0.1% phenyl propanedione and 0.8% DMAEMA; 0.42% mono(acyl)phosphine oxide (MAPO); and 0.5% bis(acyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO). Specimens (n = 10) were light cured by using a multiple-emission peak light-emitting diode for 20 seconds at 1,200 mW/cm2 of irradiance and Knoop hardness and plasticization, depth of cure, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were evaluated. Data were statiscally analyzed at significance level of α = 5%. Results Experimental composites containing MAPO and BAPO photoinitiators showed the highest values of flexural strength, elastic modulus, top surface hardness, and lower hardness reduction caused by alcohol compared with CQ. Composites containing CQ and PPD showed similar results, except for depth of cure and hardness of bottom surface. Conclusion BAPO and MAPO showed higher flexural strength, elastic modulus, hardness on top surface, and lower polymer plasticization to CQ.

Evania Eskelsen,1 Anderson Catelan,1 Natália Maria Aparecida Pinto Hernades,2 Luís Eduardo Silva Soares,3 Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti,4 Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar,2 Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni1 1Department of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; 3Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Medicine and Public Health of Bahia and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the hardness, mineral content, surface roughness, and micromorphology of sound and slightly demineralized enamels, before and after bleaching procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide.Methods: Sixty bovine dental blocks were randomly divided into the following two groups: 30 slabs were submitted to three cycles of pH and 30 slabs were noncycled. Hardness (n=10) was measured using the microhardness tester with Knoop indenter under a 50g load for 5seconds. The calcium/phosphate (Ca/P) ratio (n=10) was obtained using a micro-energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (μ-EDXRF) spectrometer. The measurement of roughness average (n=10) was performed using a surface roughness tester. Specimens were bleached 6hours/day during 21days, and then, physicochemical properties were re-evaluated. Two additional specimens were carried out to evaluate surface micromorphology using the scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).Results: Sound and slightly demineralized enamels showed no difference in Ca/P ratio after dental bleaching according to the µ-EDXRF analysis, but the Ca/P ratio decreased after bleaching for slightly demineralized enamel. Bleaching treatment decreased the hardness and increased the surface roughness, causing micromorphology alterations.Conclusion: Therefore, bleaching procedure promoted change in bovine enamel surface and increased the demineralization of slightly demineralized enamel but not affected the mineral content of sound enamel. Keywords: tooth bleaching, dental enamel, chemical properties, pH cycling, microhardness, roughness

The aim in the present study was to analyze the stress in the external hexagon implant (EH) in a situation of parafunction on three-unit implant-supported prostheses with and without the use of the acrylic occlusal device (AOD) using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). Eight 3D models referring to the posterior maxilla with three EH supporting single and or splinted screwed metal-ceramic restoration and use of the AOD. AOD was modeled with a thickness of 2 mm. EHs were analyzed using von Mises criteria in the ANSYS 19.2 program. AOD showed to be effective in reducing stress in the EH. However, the use of the AOD was not effective enough to suggest the non-splinting of EH dental implant. The association of splinting and the use of an AOD in the posterior region of the maxilla may be an effective way to decrease the stress in the EH implant in a situation of parafunction. El objetivo em el presente estudio fue analizar la tensión en el implante de hexágono externo (HE) en una situación de parafunción en prótesis implantosoportadas de tres unidades con y sin el uso del dispositivo oclusal acrílico (DOA) utilizando tres dimensiones (3D) análisis de elementos finitos. Ocho modelos 3D referidos al maxilar posterior con tres HE que soportan la restauración metalocerámica atornillada y/o ferulizada y el uso del AOD. El DOA se modeló con un espesor de 2 mm. Los HE se analizaron utilizando los criterios de von Mises en el programa ANSYS 19.2. DOA demostró ser eficaz para reducir el estrés en el HE. Sin embargo, el uso del DOA no fue lo suficientemente eficaz como para sugerir la no ferulización del implante dental HE. La asociación de ferulización y el uso de un DOA en la región posterior del maxilar puede ser una forma eficaz de disminuir la tensión en el implante HE en una situación de parafunción. O objetivo no presente estudo foi analisar a tensão no implante de hexágono externo (HE) em situação de parafunção em próteses de três elementos implantossuportadas com e sem o uso do dispositivo oclusal de acrílico (DOA) por meio da análise de elementos finitos (AEF) tridimensional (3D). Oito modelos 3D simulados referentes à região posterior da maxila com três HE suportando próteses metalocerâmica unitária e/ou esplintada parafusada e uso de DOA. O DOA foi modelado com espessura de 2 mm. Os HEs foram analisados usando os critérios de von Mises no programa ANSYS 19.2. O DOA mostrou-se eficaz na redução da tensão no HE. No entanto, o uso do DOA não foi eficaz o suficiente para sugerir a não esplintagem do implante dentário HE. A associação de esplintagem e o uso de DOA na região posterior da maxila pode ser uma forma eficaz de diminuir a tensão no implante de HE em situação de parafunção.

Dentist community needs to understand the esthetic perception of laypeople and correlate the standards of dental esthetics to avoid unnecessary treatment. Thus, the aim was to compare the perception of smile attractiveness before and after performing esthetic dental procedures by general practitioners (GP), periodontists (P), restorative dentistry (RD), undergraduate students (UGrad), and laypeople (L). Two photographs of smile were taken, before (PSB) and after (PSA) the esthetic dental procedures. Photographs were exposed to 5 groups: GP (n = 20), P (n = 20), RD (n = 20), UGrad (n = 60), and L (n = 20). The smiles were evaluated using the visual scale with scores ranging from 1 (unattractive) to 10 (very attractive). Data were statistically evaluated (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Mann Whitney). The PSA of the esthetic dental procedures was more attractive than PSB (p < 0.05). In PSB, P group presented the lowest values of smile attractiveness scores (p < 0.05). On the other hand, in PSA, RD group attributed lower values (p < 0.05). The perception of smile attractiveness after performing dental procedures was higher than before, and P and RD were more critical in evaluating the smiles before and after treatment, respectively. La comunidad dental necesita comprender la percepción estética de los legos y correlacionar los estándares de la estética dental para evitar tratamientos innecesarios. Así, el objetivo fue comparar la percepción del atractivo de la sonrisa antes y después de la realización de procedimientos estéticos dentales por médicos generales (MG), periodoncistas (P), especialistas en odontología restauradora (D), estudiantes de pregrado (UGrad) y legos (L). Se tomaron dos fotografías de la sonrisa, antes (FSA) y después (FSD) de los procedimientos de estética dental. Las fotografías se expusieron en 5 grupos: MG (n = 20), P (n = 20), D (n = 20), UGrad (n = 60) y L (n = 20). Las sonrisas fueron evaluadas usando la escala visual con puntuaciones que iban de 1 (poco atractivo) a 10 (muy atractivo). Los datos se evaluaron estadísticamente (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Mann Whitney). La FSD de los procedimientos estéticos dentales fue más atractiva que la FSA (p

To assess the effect of the application of different electric currents on dentin bonding and resin infiltration of self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesives.Two hundred four sound third molars were selected and divided in groups according to the adhesive (self-etch [CSE, Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Noritake], universal [SBU, Single Bond Universal, 3M Oral Care], and etch-and-rinse [SB2, Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2), 3M Oral Care]) and electrical current used (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 μA). Light curing was performed for 10 s with an LED-curing unit at 1000 mW/cm2. Composite blocks were constructed of nanofilled composite in increments of 2 mm, which were light cured for 20 s. Specimens were sectioned into sticks with a cross-sectional area of ~1 mm2 and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing (n = 8) was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. The bonding quality (n = 2) of adhesives applied with or without 35-μA electric current was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bond strengths were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).CSE presented the highest μTBS for all electrical currents tested. For CSE and SBU, electrical currents from 0-20 μA showed the lowest μTBS. Electrical currents from 0-10 and 20-25 μA yielded the lowest μTBS for SB2. CSE and SB2 applied under 35 μA showed a greater number of resin tags in dentin tubules. Fluorescein penetration into the hybrid layer was found for SBU applied without electric current.The application of adhesives using 35-μA electric current improved the bond strength and quality of the adhesive interface.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influencia do pre-aquecimento de compositos bulk-fill, em relacao a resistencia a flexao, modulo de elasticidade e resistencia coesiva. Cinco compositos foram testados: Tetric NCeram Bulk-fill (TBF), X-tra fill (XTF), Filtek Bulk-fill (FBF), Aura Bulk-fill (ABF) e Filtek Z250 (FZ, controle). As amostras foram condicionadas em 37oC por 24 horas antes de serem testadas. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e teste de Tukey. Os compositos FBF, XTF E FZ apresentaram as maiores resistencias coesivas, e o pre-aquecimento influenciou positivamente esta propriedade. Os materiais XTF e FBF sem pre-aquecimento apresentaram os maiores valores de resistencia a flexao e de modulo de elasticidade. Para estas propriedades, o pre-aquecimento causou reducao nos compositos XBF, FBF e ABF, nao teve efeito em TBF e causou aumento em FZ. O pre-aquecimento influenciou positivamente a resistencia coesiva dos materiais estudados, melhorando o desempenho de todas os materiais do tipo bulk-fill. A Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill/Ivoclar nao obteve variacao de modulo de elasticidade e resistencia flexural quando preaquecida, tendo os demais compositos do tipo bulk-fill apresentado resultados inferiores quanto a essas duas propriedades apos o aquecimento. Palavras-chave: Resinas Compostas, Bulk-fill, Modulo de Elasticidade, Resistencia a Flexao e Resistencia Coesiva

This study investigated how Brazilian dentists are performing their clinical activities during the pandemic in different dentistry specialties and whether changes in biosafety protocols and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) made will continue in the post-pandemic period. For that, a cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey was presented to the volunteers. A total of 423 dentists (298 females) responded to the survey. Their age ranged from 22-73 (38.07 ± 10.58) years and years of dental practice ranged from 1-45 (14.68 ± 10.56). Most of the responders (66.43%) worked in private clinic. Since the beginning of the outbreak, 53.9% limited its activities only to urgent and emergency care; 75% starting limit its activities between March 18th and April 1st; and 25.88% limited for more than 15 weeks. Most of dentists are aware about the setting of dental office and are taking actions to prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. The majority are all personal protective equipment. After the pandemic period, volunteers stated that will continue with the use of personal protective equipment, exception only to the use of the respirator. There was continuity of dental care, following the recommendations for safe care. There was a tendency for changes in relation to PPE to last after the end of the pandemic.

Purpose: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of ceramic thickness and pre-heating of luting agents on their physical properties. Materials and methods: The materials RelyX Arc, RelyX Ultimate, RelyX Veneer, and Filtek Z350 Flow were handled at different temperatures (23°C or 54°C), inserted into matrix, and photoactivated through ceramic disks (0.75 mm or 1.5 mm). The following tests were performed ( n=8): degree of conversion, Knoop Hardness, cross-link density, water sorption, solubility, and ultimate tensile strength. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: Regarding ceramic thickness, the thinnest ceramic resulted in higher values of Knoop Hardness ( p=0.027). The lowest temperature (23°C) resulted in a higher solubility ( p=0.0257), and water sorption ( p=0.0229) values. There was also statistical difference among the materials: RelyX Arc showed a higher degree of conversion and ultimate tensile strength, followed by RelyX Veneer, RelyX Ultimate, and Filtek Z350 Flow. For Knoop Hardness and cross-link density tests, RelyX Ultimate showed the highest values, followed by RelyX Arc, RelyX Veneer, and Filtek Z350 Flow. For water sorption and solubility, RelyX Veneer showed the highest values, followed by RelyX Arc, RelyX Ultimate, and Filtek Z350 Flow. Conclusion: Pre-heating interfered with water sorption and solubility, whereas ceramic thickness only affected Knoop Hardness; the physical properties of the materials are dependent on their composition.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of sodium metabisulfite (SMB) on the bond strength of bleached teeth. Materials and Methods: The study was divided into two parts. The first part evaluated the application of various concentrations of SMB for 1 h prior to the completion of bonding procedures. Fifty blocks were divided into five groups (n = 10): control; bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); HP + 5% SMB; HP + 12.5% SMB; and HP + 25% SMB. The second part evaluated the application of 25% gel SMB to either enamel or dentin, including the application time. Sixty blocks were divided into six groups (n = 10): control; bleaching with 35% HP; HP + 25% SMB for 1 h in enamel; HP + 25% SMB for 1 h in dentin; HP + 25% SMB for 10 min in enamel; and HP + 25% SMB for 10 min in dentin. Statistical Analysis: Following the completion of microshear bond testing, data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance as well as Tukey's and Dunnett's tests. Results: In part 1, data analysis revealed statistical differences (P < 0.0001) between HP and HP + 5% SMB. No statistical differences were found between the control and both HP + 12.5% SMB and HP + 25% SMB. Part 2 revealed a statistical difference (P = 0.001359) only between the bleached group and others. Conclusions: The use of 25% SMB gel immediately after bleaching was able to reverse the deleterious effect of bleaching on the bond strength of dental composites to dentin.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:59:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01 Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of acidic solutions (AS) on surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness of restorative materials (RM). Materials and Methods: Eight volunteers wore intraoral palatal devices (IPD) containing samples of RM: Ketac Nano (KN); Ketac Nano + Biscover LV (KN-B); Esthet-X (EX); Esthet-X + Biscover LV (EX-B); Supreme XT (SXT); Supreme XT + Biscover LV (SXT-B); and bovine enamel. The samples were submitted to three phases: (1) immersion in 0.01M hydrochloric acid (HCl) - 10 min, three times/day (14 days); (2) immersion in soft drink (Sprite®) - 10 min, three times/day (14 days); and (3) keeping in saliva (14 days). Changes in Ra/microhardness were measured before/after the three phases. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Fisher's test. Results: Materials sealed with Biscover LV (B) presented lowest values in all periods. KN glass ionomer cement showed highest Ra values after exposure in AS. Application of B did not reduce the Ra for the composites studied, except for EX after immersion in HCl. AS promoted changes in Ra/microhardness of RM, except for sealed materials. Conclusions: The acids used were able to change the Ra and microhardness of RM, except of the sealed materials. The resin-modified GIC showed the most significant changes after immersion in AS; and the composites sealed with B, even after immersion in acidic solutions (AS), showed the lowest Ra values and the least degradation in microhardness, especially when subjected to low pH solutions. Department of Restorative Dentistry Araçatuba School of Dentistry UNESP São Paulo State University Department of Restorative Dentistry Piracicaba School of Dentistry Campinas State University Department of Restorative Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry UNESP São Paulo State University Department of Restorative Dentistry Araçatuba School of Dentistry UNESP São Paulo State University Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry UNESP São Paulo State University

Objective: The purpose in this study was to analyze in the literature whether toothbrushing with charcoal-based products promotes a whitening effect. Methodology: An integrative literature review was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, which had as its guiding question: Does brushing with activated charcoal-based products have a whitening effect on the tooth? The search strategy was performed through the use of terms (charcoal AND “dentifrice OR toothpaste OR toothbrushing” AND “bleaching OR whitening” AND tooth), and only articles published in English in any period were included. Result: From a total of 34 scientific articles identified, 6 articles were included in the study, between the years 2019 and 2021. According to the evidence, three articles did not observe an advantage in performing brushing with activated charcoal-based products and another three observed a slight whitening effect, generally inferior when compared to other whitening agents. In addition, most articles recommend attention to the use of these products for oral hygiene containing charcoal, since many of these studies observed an increase on the roughness of tooth enamel, which is directly related to the inherent abrasiveness of each product and which depends on the source and the methods used to prepare and mill charcoal. Conclusion: From the studies analyzed so far, it is observed that brushing products based on activated charcoal have few effectiveness of tooth whitening, often lower when compared to other abrasive agents present in whitening dentifrices. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue analizar en la literatura si el cepillado con productos a base de carbón promueve un efecto blanqueador. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura en la base de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, que tenía como pregunta orientadora: ¿El cepillado con productos a base de carbón activado tiene un efecto blanqueador en el diente? La estrategia de búsqueda se realizó mediante el uso de términos (carbón Y “dentífrico O pasta de dientes O cepillado de dientes” Y “blanqueamiento O blanqueamiento” Y diente), y solo se incluyeron artículos publicados en inglés en cualquier período. Resultado: De un total de 34 artículos científicos identificados, se incluyeron 6 artículos en el estudio, entre los años 2019 y 2021. Según la evidencia, tres artículos no observaron ventaja en realizar cepillado con productos a base de carbón activado y otros tres observó un ligero efecto blanqueador, generalmente inferior en comparación con otros agentes blanqueadores. Además, la mayoría de artículos recomiendan prestar atención al uso de estos productos para la higiene bucal que contienen carbón, ya que muchos de estos estudios observaron un aumento de la rugosidad del esmalte dental, lo cual está directamente relacionado con la abrasividad inherente de cada producto y que depende de la fuente y los métodos utilizados para preparar y moler carbón vegetal. Conclusión: De los estudios analizados hasta el momento, se observa que los productos de cepillado a base de carbón activado tienen una baja efectividad de blanqueamiento dental, muchas veces menor en comparación con otros agentes abrasivos presentes en los dentífricos blanqueadores. Objetivo: O propósito neste estudo foi analisar na literatura se a escovação dental com produtos a base de carvão promove efeito branqueador. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, que teve como questão norteadora: A escovação com produtos a base de carvão ativado tem efeito branqueador no dente? A estratégia de busca foi realizada por meio do uso de termos (charcoal AND “dentifrice OR toothpaste OR toothbrushing” AND “bleaching OR whitening” AND tooth), sendo incluídos somente artigos publicados na língua inglesa em qualquer período. Resultado: Do total de 34 artigos científicos identificados, 6 artigos foram incluídos no estudo, compreendidos entre os anos 2019 e 2021. De acordo com as evidências, três artigos não observaram vantagem em se realizar a escovação com produtos a base de carvão ativado e os outros três observaram ligeiro efeito branqueador, geralmente inferior quando comparado a outros agentes de branqueamento. Além disso, a maioria dos artigos recomendam atenção ao uso destes produtos para higienização bucal contendo carvão, uma vez que muitos destes estudos observaram aumento da rugosidade do esmalte dental, que está diretamente relacionado à abrasividade inerente de cada produto e que depende da fonte e dos métodos usados para preparar e triturar o carvão. Conclusão: A partir dos estudos analisados até o momento, observa-se que os produtos para escovação a base de carvão ativado possuem baixa efetividade de branqueamento dental, muitas vezes menor quando comparado a outros agentes abrasivos presentes em dentifrícios branqueadores.

O reparo em resinas compostas e um procedimento que tem demonstrado bons resultados, quando bem idicado. Em casos de fratura ou manchamento, a remocao total da restauracao pode ocasionar desgastes desnecessarios no elemento dental. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do envelhecimento na resistencia de uniao de um adesivo universal contendo silano e/ou aplicacao de silano separadamente para reparos em resinas compostas. Os blocos de resina composta foram termociclados e divididos de acordo com o protocolo de adesao (n = 10): silano (Sil), adesivo convencional (AC), adesivo universal (AU), Sil + AC (SilAC) e Sil + AU (SilAU). Camadas de resina composta foram adicionadas e os blocos seccionados e divididos em 2 subgrupos: 24h e 4 meses de armazenamento em agua. O teste de microtracao foi realizado e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (α = 0,05). Apos 4 meses de envelhecimento, o SilAC e o SilAC mostraram uma reducao significativa da resistencia de uniao, enquanto que para o AU a uniao permaneceu estavel.

This study evaluated enamel mineral content and surface microhardness before and after bleaching treatment using 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) containing calcium (Ca) or amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). Thirtysix bovine slabs were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 12) according to bleaching treatment: G1 Opalescence PF 10% (CP), G2 NiteWhite ACP (CP+ACP), and G3 Opalescence PF (10%) with calcium (CP+CA). The bleaching agent was applied on enamel surface for 6 h/day over a period of 21 days. Enamel surface was evaluated by Knoop microhardness (KNH) and micro energydispersive Xray fluorescence spectrometry (μEDXRF) at baseline and at after bleaching treatment. Data were statistically analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). There was a significant decrease in microhardness after bleaching treatments for all study groups, but no difference between bleaching gels. There was no difference in the Ca/P ratio measured by μEDXRF for all groups at the study times, but the mean value was lower in group CP+CA than in group CP+ACP. Group CP was similar to both CP+ACP and CP+CA. It can be concluded that enamel microhardness decreased after the bleaching process, regardless of the presence of calcium or ACP, but there was no significant change in the Ca/P ratio of enamel after bleaching for each tested gel. This indicates that the bleaching gels have erosive potential, causing softening of enamel without promoting surface loss, regardless of the presence of calcium of ACP ions.Este estudo avaliou o conteúdo mineral do esmalte e a microdureza superficial antes e após o tratamento clareador, utilizando peróxido de carbamida 10% (PC) contendo cálcio (Ca) ou fosfato de cálcio amorfo (ACP) em sua composição. Trinta e seis espécimes de esmalte bovino foram alocados aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n = 12) de acordo com os tratamentos clareadores: G1 Opalescence PF 10% (CP), G2 NiteWhite (CP+ACP); e G3 Opalescence PF (10%) com cálcio (CP + CA). O agente clareador foi aplicado na superfície do esmalte por 6 h/dia por um período de 21 dias. A superfície do esmalte foi avaliada por microdureza Knoop (KNH) e espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X microdispersiva (μEDXRF) no início e após o tratamento clareador. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas e Tukey (α = 0,05). Houve uma diminuição significativa da microdureza após os tratamentos clareadores para todos os grupos estudados, mas não houve diferença entre os diferentes géis. Não houve diferença da relação Ca/P mensurada por μEDXRF para todos os grupos nos tempos estudados; no entanto, o grupo CP+CA apresentou menor valor comparado ao grupo CP+ACP. O grupo CP foi similar aos grupos CP+ACP e CP+CA. Portanto, podese concluir que houve redução significativa da microdureza do esmalte após o clareamento, independente da presença de cálcio ou APC na composição dos géis, embora não tenha havido alteração significando na relação Ca / P do esmalte após o clareamento. Isto indica um potencial erosivo dos géis clareadores, causando o amolecimento sem perda da estrutura do esmalte, independente da presença dos íons cálcio e ACP.

Background In this study was assessed the surface roughness and chemical composition of tooth enamel and composite resin after bleaching treatment, immersion in acidic beverages, and simulated toothbrushing. Material and methods One hundred and twenty dental blocks (10 x 10 x 3 mm) were randomly assigned (n = 10) according to surface treatment [none (N), bleaching (B), toothbrushing (T), and B+T] and storage medium [saliva (S), whiskey (W), and orange juice (O)]: experimental groups - N+S, N+W, N+O, B+S, B+W, B+O, S+T, W+T, O+T, B+S+T, B+W+T, and B+O+T. Two bleaching sessions were conducted using 38% hydrogen peroxide (3 applications). Surface roughness was measured using a roughness tester and composition was determined by micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ-EDXRF) before and after treatments. Calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio in enamel and silica (Si) content in composite were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results Overall, increased values of surface roughness for enamel and composite were observed mainly after immersion in orange juice and bleaching/toothbrushing association. Moreover, this association and immersion in whiskey resulted in lower Ca/P ratio and after aging methods, bleached and bleached/toothbrushed groups showed decreased in Ca/P ratio compared to initial values. All groups showed Si content decrease at the end, except the group without surface treatment and immersed in saliva, and bleaching followed by immersion in orange juice and toothbrushing caused the highest Si reduction. Conclusions Bleaching and toothbrushing combination strengthened the effects caused by acidic drinks on roughness and chemical composition of enamel and composite. Key words:Tooth bleaching, toothbrushing, physical properties, chemical properties.

Ceramics are inorganic, nonmetallic materials widely used as restorative dental materials in different applications. Dental ceramics can be classified according to fusion temperature, fabrication methods, and crystalline content. Zirconia or zirconium dioxide has 96%–99% of crystalline content with no glassy phase, showing high-physicochemical properties, similar to titanium. Two types of zirconia are available in Dentistry: yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) and zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA). Yttrium oxide is added to zirconia in order to inhibit the propagation of a crack, which occur in dental restorations. The ZTA ceramics exhibits transformation toughening at high temperature, improving some physicochemical properties, such as fracture toughness, mechanical strength, and stability. The adhesive cementation has not a stablished protocol. Several mechanical and chemical treatments on zirconia surface are proposed for adhesion to zirconia in dental restorations. Phosphoric acid (30%–40%) gel is used to remove contaminants of bonding surface of prosthetic restoration. Aluminum oxide airborne-particle abrasion is recommended to increase the bonding area available for mechanical interlocking and surface wettability of zirconia ceramic, improving the bond between rougher zirconia and resin-based materials. Tribochemical silica coating is other mechanical treatment option that consists of airborne-particle abrasion of aluminum oxide particles modified by silica, promoting roughened surface that is coated with silica and receptive to silanization treatment. This procedure creates a chemical adhesion with long-term resin bonding to zirconia ceramics and water resistance. Others protocols, such as plasma technology, a thin layer of vitreous porcelain glaze, high-concentrated hydrofluoric acid (>40%), and coupling agents (zirconia primers, metal primers, and silanes) can be used on clinical treatments of zirconia surface. The chipping and delamination of veneering porcelain and the difficulty in adhesion are some disadvantages and limitations of zirconia restorations. Airborne-particle abrasion can cause damage to the material and jeopardizing the long-term clinical service of restorations. Zirconia is the high-strengthened ceramic available for dental application, allowing restorations that were only possible in metal. Following the indications, zirconia is a very useful and predictable material, with high clinical success rates.

In this study evaluated the effect of different adhesive systems and resin composites on the microtensile bond strength of repairs using a bulk-fill composite. Ninety specimens were prepared using a half-hourglass mold of composite Filtek Bulk Fill using a silicone matrix. Specimens were randomly distributed in 9 experimental groups (n=10) according to adhesive [Universal Single Bond (SBU), Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive (SBMP), and Single Bond 2 (SB2)] and resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill, Aura Bulk Fill, and Filtek Z250). For control group, hourglass specimens were used to measure the ultimate bond strength. Specimens were submitted to thermal cycling (5,000 cycles, 5 and 55°C, 30s) to simulate the aging of restoration and then the repair procedure was performed. After the diamond-tipped surface roughening to be repaired, the adhesive protocol was performed according to group, the specimen was placed in an hourglass-shaped mold and the other half was filled with the repair composite. After 24h, bond strength of specimens was obtained by microtensile using a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5mm/min. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s and Dunnett’s tests (α=0.05). SBU showed higher bond strength compared to SB2, while SBMP showed intermediate values. However, all experimental groups showed lower bond strength compared to ultimate bond strength. In conclusion, bulk-fill composite repair using universal or conventional solvent-free adhesive improved the adhesion independent of composite tested. En este estudio, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes sistemas adhesivos y resinas compuestas sobre la fuerza de adhesión de las reparaciones utilizando un compuesto de relleno a granel. Se prepararon noventa muestras del compuesto Filtek Bulk Fill utilizando una matriz de silicona cada media hora. Las muestras se asignaron aleatoriamente a 9 grupos experimentales (n=10) según el adhesivo [Single Bond Universal (SBU), Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive (SBMP) y Single Bond 2 (SB2)] y el compuesto (Filtek Bulk Fill, Aura Bulk Fill y Filtek Z250). Para el grupo de control, se utilizaron muestras de reloj de arena para medir la fuerza cohesiva del material. Las probetas se sometieron a ciclos térmicos (5.000 ciclos, 5 y 55 ° C, 30s) simulando el envejecimiento de la restauración y la reparación realizada. Después de la asperización con punta de diamante en la superficie a reparar y se realizó el protocolo de adhesivo, la muestra se colocó en una matriz en forma de reloj de arena y la otra mitad de la matriz se rellenó con el composite de reparación. Después de 24h, se obtuvo la fuerza de adhesión de las probetas mediante el ensayo de microtensión utilizando una máquina de ensayo universal a una velocidad de 0,5mm/min. El modo de falla se analizó con una lupa estereoscópica. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente mediante ANOVA, pruebas de Tukey y Dunnett (α=0,05). SBU mostró una mayor fuerza de adhesión en comparación con SB2, mientras que SBMP mostró valores intermedios. Sin embargo, todos los grupos experimentales mostraron valores de fuerza de adhesión más bajos que la fuerza de cohesión del grupo de control. El modo de falla predominante fue el tipo adhesivo. La reparación del material compuesto de relleno a granel utilizando el adhesivo sin disolvente universal o convencional mostró una mejor adhesión independientemente del compuesto probado. Neste estudo foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes sistemas adesivos e resinas compostas na resistência de união de reparos utilizando um compósito bulk fill. Noventa espécimes do compósito Filtek Bulk Fill foram preparados utilizando uma matriz de silicone de meia ampulheta. Os espécimes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 9 grupos experimentais (n=10) de acordo com adesivo [Single Bond Universal (SBU), Scotchbond Multipurpose Adesivo (SBMP) e Single Bond 2 (SB2)] e compósito (Filtek Bulk Fill, Aura Bulk Fill e Filtek Z250). Para o grupo controle, espécimes no formato de ampulheta foram utilizados para mensurar a resistência coesiva do material. Os espécimes foram submetidos à ciclagem térmica (5,000 ciclos, 5 e 55°C, 30s) simulando o envelhecimento da restauração e o reparo realizado. Após asperização com ponta diamantada da superfície a ser reparada e realizado o protocolo adesivo, o espécime foi posicionado em uma matriz em formato de ampulheta e a outra metade da matriz foi preenchida com o compósito de reparo. Após 24h, a resistência de união dos espécimes foi obtida por microtração usando uma máquina de ensaio universal sob velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados pelos testes de ANOVA, Tukey e Dunnett (α=0,05). O SBU apresentou maior resistência de união quando comparado ao SB2, enquanto o SBMP mostrou valores intermediários. Entretanto, todos os grupos experimentais apresentaram valores de resistência de união inferiores à resistência coesiva do grupo controle. O reparo do compósito bulk fill usando o adesivo universal ou convencional livre de solvente mostrou melhor adesão independente do compósito testado.

This study evaluated the influence of different enamel thicknesses and bleaching agents on treatment efficacy in-depth by spectrophotometry color analysis. Eighty bovine dental fragments were previously stained in black tea solution and randomly assigned into eight groups (n=10), 1.75mm dentin thickness and different enamel thicknesses as follows: 0.5mm, 1.0mm planned, 1.0mm unplanned (aprismatic enamel), and absence of enamel. The 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) and 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gels were applied on the enamel surface following the manufacturer's recommendations. Color of underlying dentin was evaluated at four times: after staining with tea (baseline) and after each one of the three weeks of bleaching treatment, by CIE L*a*b* system using reflectance spectrophotometer (CM 700d, Konica Minolta). The ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb values were recorded and subjected to repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). The results showed an increase on lightness (L*), with decreased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*). At first and second week, bleaching with CP showed higher whitening effectiveness compared to bleaching with HP and the presence of aprismatic enamel significantly reduced ΔE for bleaching with CP. After three weeks of bleaching, few differences were observed between CP and HP groups, and outer enamel layer caused no influence on bleaching effectiveness. Overall, both at-home and in-office bleaching treatments were effective and the presence of aprismatic enamel did not interfere on the whitening efficacy.

Objectives The aim of this study was to use the microshear test to evaluate any influence on bond strength by composite resins when using different matrices. Materials and methods The middle coronal dentin of bovine incisors was exposed and three specimens were bonded to each tooth, each one using a different matrix: (1) a silicone matrix, (2) a matrix made by using a perforated noodle, and (3) a polyurethane matrix. Specimens were made by inserting the composite into a matrix and curing it. The specimens were then subjected to the microshear test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results An analysis of bond strength showed that the type of matrix did not interfere with adhesion (p = 0.7427). The perforated noodle matrix showed no pretest failures. Conclusions All matrix types proved to be effective in making the specimens; the second (2) matrix required a simplified procedure and produced no pre-test failures.

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the microshear bond strength of composite resin restorations in dental blocks with or without exposure to cigarette smoke. Method: Eighty bovine dental blocks were divided into eight groups (n=10) according to the type of adhesive (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA [SBMP]; Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE [SB]; Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Medical Inc, Okayama, Japan [CSEB]; Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE [SBU]) and exposure to smoke (no exposure; exposure for five days/20 cigarettes per day). The adhesive systems were applied to the tooth structure, and the blocks received a composite restoration made using a matrix of perforated pasta. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test (α Results: For enamel, there was no difference between the presence or absence of cigarette smoke (p=0.1397); however, there were differences among the adhesive systems (p Conclusion: The exposure of dentin to cigarette smoke influenced the bonding strength of adhesives, but no differences were noted in enamel.

A grande demanda por restaurações estéticas tem propiciado o desenvolvimento constante de materiais resinosos. Entretanto, mesmo com a evolução destes materiais e o aprimoramento do procedimento de adesão, as restaurações dentais adesivas falham em longo prazo. A interface de união dentina-restauração é passível de degradação, sendo dois os principais mecanismos relacionados à hidrólise e proteólise. O objetivo neste estudo foi, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, abordar e discutir os mecanismos relacionados à degradação da interface adesiva e técnicas alternativas para minimizar a degradação da interface de união à dentina em restaurações adesivas diretas. As estratégias se baseiam em melhorar a impregnação do adesivo na dentina desmineralizada, aumentar a resistência do polímero formado pelos sistemas adesivos e a resistência das fibrilas colágenas à degradação enzimática. Desta forma, se essas técnicas forem usadas com objetivo de minimizar a degradação da interface de união à dentina em restaurações adesivas diretas, uma maior longevidade clínica é esperada.Descritores: Adesivos Dentinários; Falha de Restauração Dentária; Inibidores de Proteases.

In this study, we sought to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke and pH cycling on the chemical composition and surface/cross-sectional enamel microhardness. A total of 40 dental blocks obtained from bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n=10): no treatment (control); exposure to cigarette smoke (CS); exposure to pH cycling (PC); and exposure to cigarette smoke and pH cycling (CS-PC). The samples were analyzed by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence, bench mode X-ray fluorescence, as well as surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) testing. The SMH results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. The CSMH results were evaluated using split-plot ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A high amount of Cd and Pb and traces of Ni and As were observed in enamel and dentin after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS and CS-PC). The SMH and CSMH of CS were statistically higher when compared with the control. The PC and CS-PC showed lower SMH and CSMH. We conclude that exposure to cigarette smoke promoted heavy metal deposition in enamel/dentin. In addition, it increased the enamel microhardness but did not promote a protective effect on the in vitro development of caries. The clinical significance of this work is that there is significant bioaccumulation of heavy metals from cigarette smoke on the surface and in the enamel and dentin.

Introdução: As resinas compostas são os materiais restauradores que mais evoluíram na Odontologia Estética. Em condições normais, o desgaste dos materiais é proveniente da mastigação e do atrito dos abrasivos contidos nos cremes dentais durante a escovação. Este processo abrasivo pode também comprometer o acabamento do compósito, aumentando também a sua rugosidade. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes procedimentos de acabamento e polimento sobre a rugosidade de superfície de diferentes resinas compostas, submetidas a ciclos de escovação mecânica. Materiais e Métodos: Quarenta corpos-de-prova foram preparados para cada resina composta (Filtek Supreme XT-3M/Espe e Esthet-X - Dentsply) e submetidos ao polimento (Sof-Lex – 3M/Espe, PoGo – Dentsply e Biscover LV - Bisco e controle). Para a análise inicial da rugosidade de superfície foi empregado rugosímetro SJ 401 (Mitutoyo). Após a leitura inicial, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a 30000 ciclos de escovação utilizando o dentifrício Colgate Máxima Proteção Anticárie (Colgate-Palmolive), seguida de nova leitura da rugosidade. Amostras representativas de cada grupo foram metalizadas e levadas à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante de rugosidade (p

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluorescence intensity of a composite in different layering techniques combined to a surface sealant submitted to staining solutions. Methods and Materials One surface sealant and one composite resin (shades A2-0, A2, and YE) were tested. Specimens were carried out using layering with different shades of composite, and dental blocks (dentin/enamel) were obtained of human molars. Fluorescence intensity measurement performed using a spectrofluorophotometer, before and after storage in cola, orange juice, red wine, and distilled water. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's test (α = 0.05). Results Initially, only A2-O + A2 layering showed fluorescence intensity statistically similar to the natural tooth. Overall, groups sealed showed the highest fluorescence intensity compared with unsealed groups. The aging decreased the fluorescence intensity compared with initial values. Red wine showed the highest decrease on the fluorescence intensity. Conclusion The fluorescence of composite restorations is dependent of the layering technique and is affected by the diet. Clinical Significance The staining solutions decreased the fluorescence intensity, even when the composite resins were sealed. Different shades of the same composite showed distinct fluorescence values, so there should be greater standardization of this property for tooth reconstruction success by the layering technique with large tissue loss.

This study evaluated the impact of the distance between the light guide tip of the curing unit and material surface on the degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness of a composite resin.Circular samples were carried out of a methacrylate micro-hybrid resin-based composite and light cured at 0, 2 and 4 mm distance. Monomer conversion rate was measured using a Fourier-transform Raman spectrometer and Knoop hardness number was obtained using a microhardness tester on the top and bottom surfaces. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α=0.05).Overall, the increase of curing distance reduced the microhardness (p≤0.05), but did not influence the carbon double bond conversion rate (p0.05) of the composite resin tested; and the top surface showed better properties compared to the bottom (p≤0.05).The light curing at distance can reduce mechanical properties and could affect long-term durability of the composite restorations. Thus, the use of a curing device with high irradiance is recommended.

Objective: Bleaching agents may affect the properties of dental materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different polishing techniques on the surface roughness of composite resins submitted to the at-home and in-office bleaching treatment. Materials and Methods: Disc-shaped specimens were carried out of nanofilled and microhybrid composites (n = 10). Finishing step was performed after light curing (L1) and polishing after 24 h with two systems (L2). Then, specimens were submitted to the home or in-office bleaching procedures, and roughness was re-evaluated (L3). The surface roughness (Ra) readings were measured at L1, L2, and L3 times using a profilometer. Data were statistically analyzed by multiple-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results: The polishing procedures decreased Ra for both composites compared to baseline values (L1). The roughness of specimens polished with jiffy did not present significant difference after polishing step (L2) and bleaching treatment (L3). However, the groups polished with Sof-Lex discs had increase on the Ra values after bleaching. Conclusion: The polishing is an important procedure to reduce the roughness of dental restorations and composite surface polished with jiffy system improved the degradation resistance to the bleaching agents compared to Sof-Lex discs.

1 Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-11T20:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017 This study evaluated the effect of aging methods on the bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems to dentin cavities. Eighty bovine incisors were used to prepare dentin cavities, which were bonded with different adhesive systems [Adper Scotch-bond Multipurpose (SBMP), and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB)], and restored with composite resin. The specimens were stored in water for 24 h, and subjected to each aging method (n = 10): control group (not exposed to additional aging), thermal cycling (TC) (10,000 cycles; at temperatures of 5, 37, and 55 °C), mechanical loading (ML) (100,000 cycles; Hz; 60 N load), and TC + ML. The push-out bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). For SBMP, only TC + ML decreased the bond strength compared to control group. For SB, all aging methods decreased similarly the bond strength compared to control group. A high number of adhesive failures were observed. Therefore, SB was sensitive to all aging methods, whilst only TC + ML was able to decrease the bond strength for SBMP. © The Author(s) 2017. Chaves, L.V.F., Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59056-000, Brazil de Medeiros, T.A., Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59056-000, Brazil Borges, B.C.D., Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59056-000, Brazil Mainardi, M.C.A.J., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Catelan, A., Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté, SP, Brazil Aguiar, F.H.B., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness of composite resins subjected to thermal cycles procedure. Materials and methods. Two microfill, four microhybrid and four nanofill composites were used. The surface roughness (Ra) was initially measured in a profilometer using a cut-off 0f 0.25 mm, after 3000 and 10,000 thermal cycles. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Fischer’s test (α = 0.05). Results. Overall, 3000 thermal cycles increased the surface roughness values for all materials and there was a trend in all groups to decrease the roughness after 10,000 thermal cycles. Conclusions. The composition of material, including the type of organic matrix, could be more relevant to roughness maintenance over time than the general behavior of composites based on particles fillers. The maintenance of smooth surface in resin-based composite restorations is totally dependent of organic composition of the material.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:07:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1677-32252014000300168.pdf: 511869 bytes, checksum: c7540cf2493a5b2fc30986161fb2254a (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) AIM: To evaluate the effect of different radiant exposures on the degree of conversion (DC), Knoop hardness number (KHN), plasticization (P), water sorption (WS), and solubility (S) of different monomer resin-based composites. METHODS: Circular specimens (5 x 2 mm) were manufactured from methacrylate and silorane composite resins, and light-cured at 19.8, 27.8, 39.6, and 55.6 J/cm2, using second-generation LED at 1,390 mW/cm2. After 24 h, DC was obtained using a FT-Raman spectrometer equipped with a Nd:YAG laser, KHN was measured with 50-g load for 15 s, and P was evaluated on the top and bottom surfaces by the percentage of hardness reduction after 24 h immersed in absolute alcohol. WS and S were determined according to ISO 4049. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (α=0.05). RESULTS: Methacrylate material presented higher DC, KHN, P, and WS than silorane (p0.05). The increased radiant exposures improved only the KHN (p

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-01Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:23:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000338095100008.pdf: 208426 bytes, checksum: bf716f80ea94a605b0b2de92a0bef16e (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to assess the influence of light-curing time on the nanohardness (H) and reduced elastic modulus (E-r) of components (underlying dentin, hybrid layer, adhesive, and composite) of methacrylate- and silorane-based restorations after 24 hours and six months of storage. Class II slot preparations were carried out in human molars (n=3) and restored with methacrylate (Clearfil SE Bond [Kuraray] + Filtek Z250 [3M ESPE]) or silorane (LS restorative system [3M ESPE]) restorative systems and light-cured using light-emitting diode at 1390 mW/cm(2) for the recommended manufacturers' time or double time. Restorations were sectioned, and bonded dentin-resin interfaces were embedded in epoxy resin and polished for evaluation with a Berkovich fluid cell tip (TI 700 Ubi-1 nano-indenter, Hysitron). Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). Overall, the H and E-r values were higher for methacrylate-based restorations than for silorane materials (p 0.05), and aging significantly decreased the mechanical properties of interface components of both resin-based restorative systems (p

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the radiant exposure on the degree of C=C conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), and solubility (S) of the Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) and Filtek LS (LS) self-etch adhesive systems. The primer of the LS (LSP), and bond agents of the CSE (CSEB) and LS (LSB) were tested. Specimens were light-cured using a light-emitting diode (LED) at different radiant exposures (6.1, 12.2, 13.9, and 27.8 J/cm 2 ). DC ( n =10) was measured using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). WS and S were determined according to ISO 4049. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at pre-set alpha of 0.05. The highest DC was exhibited by LSP, followed by CSEB and LSB, all with statistical difference ( p p p S values ( p >0.05) and were lower than LSP ( p ≤0.05). The WS and S were not influenced by the different radiant exposures evaluated ( p =0.9548 and p >0.05, respectively). The monomer conversion is related to improvement on the mechanical properties of resinous material, but these properties also depend on the polymer network structure formed.

Statement of problem The bonding of resin materials to caries-affected dentin, especially self-adhesive cements, remains a challenge in dentistry. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of different resin cements to sound or caries-affected dentin at 24 hours and 6 months after the bonding procedure. Material and Methods Thirty-six human molars were used, 18 sound and 18 affected by caries. Indirect composite resin blocks (Tescera) were bonded to dentin by using 3 different resin cements: RelyX ARC, Panavia F, and RelyX Unicem. A universal testing machine was used to measure the microtensile bond strength 24 hours and 6 months after the bonding procedure. Representative specimens were analyzed with a scanning electron microscopy. The results were submitted to 3-way analysis of variance and the Fisher test (α=.05). Results The highest values of microtensile bond strength were found with RelyX ARC for both tooth conditions ( P P >.05). There was no difference between caries-affected and sound dentin ( P =.89). Conclusions Caries did not influence the bonding strength of resin cements to dentin.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:35:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-25772016000300127.pdf: 942404 bytes, checksum: 5c6a4389357c8f4f85e720c148f0ca9b (MD5) ResumoIntrodução A hipersensibilidade dentinária é uma ocorrência frequente na prática clínica; clinicamente caracterizada por dor aguda, curta e temporária, em resposta ao estímulo mecânico, químico, térmico ou osmótico causada pela exposição dentinária.Objetivo Comparar in vivo o efeito de um material bioativo cristalino experimental e um dessensibilizante nanoestruturado na avaliação da dor de pacientes com hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical.Material e método Trinta pacientes foram selecionados para este estudo, que foram randomicamente divididos em dois grupos (n=15) em um desenho experimental de boca dividida. Cada paciente recebeu dois tratamentos: grupo 1 (flúor gel e material bioativo) e grupo 2 (flúor gel e dessensibilizante nanoestruturado). As análises de dor foram realizadas usando uma escala visual analógica, variando de 0-10. A mensuração da dor inicial foi realizada previamente ao tratamento inicial (T0) e novas análises foram realizadas semanalmente durante 3 semanas (T1, T2 e T3) antes da reaplicação dos materiais. A análise final da dor foi realizada 3 meses após o início do tratamento (T4). O grau de redução de dor foi mensurado pela fórmula: T0 - Tperíodo após tratamento. Os dados das mensurações de dor foram analisados pela ANOVA para medidas repetidas 2 critérios e teste de Tukey (α=0,05).Resultado Independente do período de avaliação, não houve diferença estatística entre todos os tratamentos na redução da dor (p>0,05). O grau de dor reduziu significativamente em cada período avaliado para todos os tratamentos testados (p0.05). The degree of pain was reduced significantly in each evaluated period for all tested treatments (p

WOS: 000379138300009 This study evaluated the effect of surface conditioning methods and adhesive systems on the repair bond strength of resin composites. Specimens (FLS: Filtek LS) (N = 144) were prepared using a silicone matrix. The specimens were stored in distilled water and then were randomly divided into the twelve groups (n = 12) according to the surface conditioning method (unground or diamond bur) and adhesive system (no adhesive, LS: Filtek LS, AS: Adper Scotchbond SE Plus) and resin composite (FLS: Filtek LS; FS: Filtek Supreme). The specimens were fixed in an hourglass-shaped silicone matrix and the other half of the specimen was restored. Hourglass-shaped specimens (n = 12) were used as positive control to measure the cohesive strength of the resin composite (Filtek LS). Microtensile bond test was performed (0.5 mm/min) and failure types were analyzed. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, Tukey's and Dunnett's tests (alpha = 0.05). Adhesive protocol and resin composite significantly affected the results (p < 0.05). For the FS composite, the highest results were obtained using LS adhesive with (18.4 +/- 7.7) and without (18.8 +/- 4.8) bur roughening. For FLS composite, the highest results were obtained using AS adhesive with (33.2 +/- 7.1) and without (25.7 +/- 3.6) bur roughening. Without the use of adhesive resin, significantly lower bond strength results were observed with both LS (5 +/- 2.1, 4.5 +/- 1.5) and FLS (2.2 +/- 1.2, 4.4 +/- 1.1) for unground and diamond bur roughened groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). Cohesive strength of the FLS (52.3 +/- 7.6) was significantly higher than any of the repaired groups (p < 0.0001). FS-LS combination and the groups repaired without adhesive presented more adhesive (Type I) failures.

This study evaluated the effect of different dentifrices on the microhardness and surface roughness of composite surfaces covered by surface sealants.Samples of Filtek P60 were made and divided into groups, in accordance with surface treatments: G1 - Fortify; G2 - Fortify Plus; G3 - control (none). For Knoop microhardness evaluation, the specimens were placed in a microdurometer, under a load of 50 g for 15 sec. The analyses of surface roughness were carried out individually in a profilometer. The specimens were submitted to toothbrushing using dentifrices: Colgate Maximum Protection Anti-caries, Colgate Whitening or Sensodyne, diluted in distilled water (1:3) for 30 000 cycles.The results showed that the control group (G3) presented the highest microhardness values. The control group presented, before toothbrushing, the lowest surface roughness values, and after toothbrushing there were no differences among the experimental groups.The maintenance of the lowest values of microhardness demonstrated the effectiveness of these sealant materials to support the abrasive wear.

To determine the microhardness, color change, surface roughness, and micromorphology of tooth enamel submitted to bleaching treatment with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with added calcium, amorphous calcium phosphate, sodium fluoride (NaF), and hydroxyapatite (HA).80 enamel slabs were used (n = 10). Three commercial agents [Pola Day 7.5%, Day White ACP 7.5% (DW-ACP), and White Class Calcium 7.5% (WC-Calcium)], three experimental (7.5% HP+NaF, 7.5% HP+HA, and 7.5% PH+NaF+HA), a positive control (with HP), and a negative control (without HP) groups were assessed. The commercial products were applied according to manufacturers' recommendations and the experimental ones were applied for 1.5 hours daily. During and after treatment, specimens were stored in artificial saliva. Tests were performed at baseline, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).DW-ACP presented lower microhardness and HP+HA presents the highest values (P0.05); only the experimental group presented color change similar to the commercial agents (P0.05). Overall, roughness increased with time (P0.05) and porosities, and deposition of crystalline structures in groups HP+HA and HP+NaF+HA were noted. The HP+HA agent was capable of reducing the loss of enamel microhardness due to bleaching and also present color change similar to the commercial products.

The color alteration of resin-based materials is one of the most common reasons to replace esthetic dental restorations.This study assessed the influence of surface sealant (Biscover) on the color stability of nanofilled (Supreme XT) and microhybrid (Vit-l-escence and Opallis) composite resins after artificial aging.One hundred disc-shaped (6 × 1.5 mm) specimens were made for each composite resin. After 24 hours, all specimens were polished and sealant was applied to 50 specimens of each material. Baseline color was measured according to the CIE L*a*b* system using a reflection spectrophotometer. Ten specimens of each group were aged for 252 h in an ultraviolet (UV)-accelerated aging chamber or immersed for 4 weeks in cola soft drink, orange juice, red wine staining solutions or distilled water as control. Color difference (ΔE) after aging was calculated based on the color coordinates before (baseline) and after aging/staining treatment. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA and Fisher's test (α=.05).The results showed significant changes in color after artificial aging in all the groups (P.05). Independent of the material studied, red wine resulted in the highest level of discoloration. Intermediate values were found for orange juice, UV accelerated aging, and the cola soft drink. The lowest values of ΔE were found for specimens stored in distilled water.All composite resins showed some color alteration after the aging methods. The surface sealant did not alter the color stability of the tested materials.

Aim: To evaluate the conversion and plasticization of fissure sealer materials, as influenced by extended curing time. Methods: Twenty specimens (n = 5) of a pit and fissure sealant and a flowable composite at two curing times (20 and 60 sec) were photocured with the Bluephase 16i light-emitting diode. The conversion was determined by Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection spectroscopy 24 h after polymerization. Hardness was measured, and samples were stored in absolute ethanol for 24 h. A second hardness measurement was executed after storage to assess plasticization by the percentage of hardness decrease. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation (α = 0.05). Results: The pit and fissure sealant showed lower degree of conversion than the flowable composite. The 60-sec curing time increased the conversion only for the flowable composite. Plasticization was lower for the flowable composite than for the pit and fissure sealant. The 60-sec light exposure time showed a similar percentage of hardness decrease of 20 sec. A low correlation between the conversion and plasticization was found. Conclusion: Extended curing time improved the conversion only for the flowable composite. The pit and fissure sealant presented lower conversion and higher plasticization than the flowable composite.

Statement of the Problem: The application of surface sealant could improve the surface quality and success of composite restorations; however, it is important to assess the behavior of this material when subjected to aging procedures. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of artificial aging on the surface roughness and microhardness of sealed microhybrids and nanofilled composites. Materials and Methods: One hundred disc-shaped specimens were made for each composite. After 24 hours, all samples were polished and surface sealant was applied to 50 specimens of each composite. Surface roughness (Ra) was determined with a profilometer and Knoop microhardness was assessed with a 50-g load for 15 seconds. Ten specimens of each group were aged during 252 hours in a UV-accelerated aging chamber or immersed for 28 days in cola soft drink, orange juice, red wine staining solutions, or distilled water. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Fischer's test (α = 0.05). Results: Artificial aging decreased microhardness values for all materials, with the exceptions of Vit-l-escence (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan UT, USA) and Supreme XT (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) sealed composites; surface roughness values were not altered. Water storage had less effect on microhardness, compared with the other aging processes. The sealed materials presented lower roughness and microhardness values, when compared with unsealed composites. Conclusions: Aging methods decreased the microhardness values of a number of composites, with the exception of some sealed composites, but did not alter the surface roughness of the materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The long-term maintenance of the surface quality of materials is fundamental to improving the longevity of esthetic restorations. In this manner, the use of surface sealants could be an important step in the restorative procedure using resin-based materials. (J Esthet Restor Dent 22:324–331, 2010)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluorescence intensity of a composite in different layering techniques combined to a surface sealant submitted to staining solutions.One surface sealant and one composite resin (shades A2-0, A2, and YE) were tested. Specimens were carried out using layering with different shades of composite, and dental blocks (dentin/enamel) were obtained of human molars. Fluorescence intensity measurement performed using a spectrofluorophotometer, before and after storage in cola, orange juice, red wine, and distilled water. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's test (α = 0.05).Initially, only A2-O + A2 layering showed fluorescence intensity statistically similar to the natural tooth. Overall, groups sealed showed the highest fluorescence intensity compared with unsealed groups. The aging decreased the fluorescence intensity compared with initial values. Red wine showed the highest decrease on the fluorescence intensity.The fluorescence of composite restorations is dependent of the layering technique and is affected by the diet.The staining solutions decreased the fluorescence intensity, even when the composite resins were sealed. Different shades of the same composite showed distinct fluorescence values, so there should be greater standardization of this property for tooth reconstruction success by the layering technique with large tissue loss.