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The lack of comprehensive data on menstrual health is a significant barrier to addressing menstrual health issues and promoting menstrual health management globally. A menstrual health database can provide a solution to this problem by collecting and organizing data on menstrual health from various sources. In this paper, we propose the development of a comprehensive menstrual health database and discuss its potential benefits in improving menstrual health management and policy-making.

The aging of the population alters population structure and increases the need for care. Insufficient planning in this area will cause problems to worsen. The specific physical, emotional, social, and economical needs of the elderly necessitate special care, and they prefer to have services close to where they live. Compassionate, age-appropriate, and comprehensive services can achieve a lot at the primary level of care. community level, which is cost-effective for both the customers and the vendors. Furthermore, through advertising, prevention, and rehabilitation. The multi-morbidity status brought on by chronic disease conditions can be reduced with early detection, supportive care, and regular follow-up care for people getting treatment or with advanced disease conditions. Thus, comprehensive primary healthcare is necessary for older patients, both to boost access and affordability and to give them social support in the community.

One of the most important aspects of social entrepreneurship is its ability to not only provide training to unemployed people but also to provide employment opportunities for them. While both unemployment and non-employment refer to situations in which people are not working, they represent different groups of people and have different economic and social consequences. Unemployment is generally regarded as a negative outcome that leads to lower economic growth and social challenges, whereas for some people, nonemployment can be a deliberate choice or a necessary stage of life. The global spread of the COVID-19 virus coincided with the onset of a severe economic downturn. Unemployment and Non-employment disproportionately affect those living in poverty and those already at a disadvantage. If social entrepreneurship is to be successful in significantly lowering the unemployment rate, it must be approached with clarity, strategy, and consistency. The rural economy is the focus of social entrepreneurship, which aims to improve it by employing the unskilled and uneducated. Chetna Sinha's Mann Deshi Mahila Bank provided job opportunities and financial services to rural Indian women. MIMO and other social enterprises hope to train rural residents to work in the digital economy. This prevents those individuals from traveling to cities in search of employment. The article discusses the importance of social entrepreneurship, what factors contribute to unemployment, and provides several examples of successful social enterprises that have actively served as a platform for the unemployed. The article focuses on India's and Europe's perspectives in particular.

This start-up business model is an online book marketplace with a cutting-edge suggestion engine and a productive review system that analyses the needs and desires of the general audience. The customer base islarger than that of a typical bookstore because the business concept serves people from every generation and industry. The platform is intended for students from middleclass or lower-class families who cannot purchase pricey books but want equitable access to education. By enabling students to buy and sell secondhand books at a lower price than the list price, they promote the exchange of books at colleges. The company's mission is to improve students' academic performance by offering written notes from professorsand students, as well as materials and study guides for admission exams like the JEE, GATE, and GRE. The sector is the bookselling industry, which is expected to have a market value of 739 billion rupeesin India by 2020. The business operates on a business-to-consumer basis and offersstudents the most recent editions ofreference books through a web application and inventory.

Biodegradable plastics are a kind of plastic that may naturally decompose in the environment, cutting down on waste and pollution. Due to the damaging effects of conventional plastics on the environment, the manufacture and marketing of biodegradable plastics have gained importance in recent years. Renewable resources, including corn flour, are used as the main source in the production of biodegradable polymers. The demand from consumers for environmentally friendly products is driving a rapid expansion of the biodegradable plastics market. A wide range of products, including packaging, agricultural equipment, and medical supplies, use biodegradable plastics. A thorough grasp of the market, consumer preferences, and environmental restrictions is necessary for the development and marketing of biodegradable plastics. Since they can naturally decompose without harming the environment, biodegradable plastics are an environmentally friendly substitute for conventional plastics. Utilizing renewable resources, such as starch, cellulose, or vegetable oil, which are broken down by microorganisms into byproducts of nature, allows for the production of biodegradable plastics. Targeting consumers and businesses who are environmentally conscious, marketing biodegradable plastics involves highlighting the advantages of using sustainable materials and their positive effects on the environment. As consumers and businesses become more conscious of the negative environmental effects of conventional plastics and as there is a growing need for sustainable alternatives, biodegradable plastic has grown in popularity. Businesses have numerous options to stand out from rivals and contribute to a more sustainable future through the manufacturing and marketing of biodegradable plastics.

Over the past ten years, India's population has experienced considerable improvements in health, narrowing the gap between rural and urban areas as well as between the wealthy and the poor. However, there are still significant gaps, and it is still quite difficult for people in rural areas to receive healthcare. India's rural inhabitants have extremely limited access to healthcare services. The government spends little on healthcare and what it does spend is primarily allocated to urban areas rather than rural ones. In addition, the private healthcare sector mostly caters to urban areas. India suffers from a severe scarcity of healthcare professionals, but rural areas are severely affected. India accounts for 20% of the world's illness burden and 17% of its population. According to infant mortality statistics, there are significant differences between rural and urban areas. Villages account for 82 percent of all habitation. Only 28% of the population is served by doctors, who make up 74% of the population. Residents of rural areas continue to lack access to medical care. A country like India, which has insufficient social security institutions and very little public investment in the health sector, is demographically burdened by the ageing population. The difference in older Indians' access to healthcare services between rural and urban areas is a problem that comes along with the country's rapid demographic change. As a result, this review attempts to explore the key contributing elements that account for the disparity between rural and urban older Indians' use of healthcare.

Women entrepreneurial endeavors continue to garner worldwide attention. There has been a lot of research done on women entrepreneurs, but very little is known about them. This is surprising considering that women are one of the populations of entrepreneurs whose numbers are growing at the fastest rate and play a significant role in innovation, job creation, and economic growth all over the world. In spite of obvious progress, women in every nation trail men in business ownership and economic independence. Gender discrimination, conflict between work and family, difficulty raising capital, lack of infrastructure, unstable Business, Economic, and Political (BEP) environments, lack of training and education, and personality differences are some of the obstacles that women entrepreneurs in developing nations face. According to the study, unstable BEP environments and financial constraints must be addressed as top priorities. This review focuses on entrepreneurship as a career choice for women, the motivations and career paths followed by women entrepreneurs, the attitudes and behaviors associated with successful ventures, the issues that persist, and the policie0s that conspire to keep women's businesses few and far between will all be examined. It also describes about the laws and practices that have helped and hindered women entrepreneurship, as well as ways to reframe the issues and change policies which provides policymakers with guidance on to create an environment that encourages the success of women entrepreneurs and bridges the gap between theory and practice in entrepreneurship.

Coffee is one of the most important agricultural products in the world. Most spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a by-product of brewing coffee, are buried in landfill sites, and their decomposition produces significant greenhouse gases. As coffee production is expected to increase in the future, it is essential to find suitable industrial uses for the by-products and waste generated from the coffee-making process. These materials are renewable and contain valuable nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, pectin, and bioactive compounds like polyphenols. Therefore, it is crucial to strike a balance between coffee production and the responsible utilization of its by-products. As the recent warming of the Earth’s climate has made it imperative that industries reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the present study investigates the viability of recycling SCGs for use as replacement of paper cups. The study suggests that waste management guidelines should be revised to incorporate life cycle thinking for sustainable resource management in a circular economy. In this paper, we present an overview of utilizing the spent coffee grounds.

The production of prosthetics using 3D printing technology has revolutionized the way prosthetics are manufactured. The use of recyclable plastics in this process has made it possible to create affordable, high-quality prosthetics for people in need around the world. This is particularly impactful in developing countries where traditional prosthetics can be expensive and difficult to obtain. In India, where the population has a high incidence of disabilities and traditional prosthetics can be prohibitively expensive, the use of 3D printing technology has gained popularity. The use of recycled plastics in the process has added to the sustainability of the process, reducing waste and making the process more environmentally friendly. Overall, the use of 3D printing and recyclable plastics in prosthetics production has opened up new possibilities for affordable, high-quality prosthetics, improving the lives of people with disabilities by providing them with life-changing prosthetics that may have been out of reach otherwise

The topic of Menstruation has always remained a taboo in the world, which makes managing menstrual health difficult for women. Reviewing menstrual products on the market and improving their quality and affordability is imperative. Our survey found that sanitary pads are India's most used product, but other options such as menstrual cups and reusable cloth pads should also be considered. Women should also be provided with a supportive environment to discuss their menstrual health and dispel myths and misconceptions. It is also possible to reduce the financial burden of menstruation by introducing initiatives such as free menstrual products and menstrual leave policies. In addition to addressing the social stigma attached to menstruation and women's menstrual health in India, this review also examines approaches to enhance accessibility, affordability, and overall quality of menstrual health care for all women.

The development of a website with solid value in developing countries, Its operation focuses on giving back to society, this is composed of five parts. The first part involves identifying the primary obstacles to overcome, such as limited food supply, insufficient funds, inadequate resources, and institutional deficiencies. The second part defines values the platform brings to the people who are in need. The third part proposes a way to connect the places that in need to the places which offers. The next part speaks aboutgiving an option for the farmers to involve in a self-sufficient order of business dealing with the platform. This component also entails identifying the most suitable partnerships to upgrade the value of the platform. The last part describes about the farmers contributions transforming into a profitable point by processing them into value entailed raw materials andalso about the pros and cons of the platform. This platform is based on prominent theoretical concepts related to inter-company relationships and developing country value chains.

Undernourishment seen prevalently all around the World, Initiation of Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) by the UN's Economic and Social Affairs Department's 2030 Strategy encourages the prevention of undernourishment. The Food and Agriculture organization , focuses on this framework which contributes to the SDG target indicators established by all the member countries of the United Nations in 2015, which must be accomplished by 2030, to put an end to hunger and secure access to food for all people, especially the underprivileged and those in risky situations, including infants to have a safe, nourishing and sufficient diet throughout the year, But major problem in achieving this target is disturbance in food supply chain by various causes this makes the food unavailable to the target population and leads to the undernourished population increase. In this review the prevalence and various causes of undernourishment among different countries in world will be seen and focuses on the disruptions in food supply chain which has been a great challenge for achieving the target of zero hunger and possible solutions for the improvement of the supply chain with the help of social entities and its development is provided. Keywords: Undernourished, poverty, COVID 19, SDG targets, indicators, food supply chain, social entities.

The food supply chain connecting farmers and wholesalers is critical for ensuring the delivery of fresh, safe, and high-quality products to consumers. However, this supply chain can be fragmented, opaque, and inefficient, particularly for small-scale farmers and local food systems. In this review paper, we explore the challenges and opportunities for connecting farmers and wholesalers, drawing on a comprehensive analysis of fifty review papers from top journals. We identify key themes and insights related to building relationships and trust, leveraging technology and digital platforms, reducing intermediaries, improving logistics and transportation, and encouraging collaboration and partnerships. Through our analysis, we highlight the need for greater transparency, efficiency, and sustainability in the food supply chain, and suggest potential avenues for future research and innovation. This review paper can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners interested in improving the food supply chain and strengthening the connections between farmers and wholesalers.

This study aims to analyze the targets of the effective active ingredients of Aloe vera in psoriasis by network pharmacology and molecular docking and to explore the associated therapeutic mechanism. Psoriasis is a condition in which skin cells build up and from scales and itchy, dry patches. There is no cure for psoriasis, but treatments can help to reduce the effect of psoriasis. There are more than 8 million cases per year. In this nature there are many reaserach explorations are carried out to overcome and treat this disease. Nature has a source of medicinal plants. Plants such Aloe vera as have adverse effects against psoriasis. The phytochemical constituents of the plants include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, phenol, glycosides and tannins. The effective active ingredient of Aloe vera was determined from the TCMSP database and the drug ingredient target network was constructed using the cystoscope software. String database was used to analyse the PPI. Then GO and KEGG analysis was done by the bioinformatics tool and the top 20 key signalling pathways were obtained. The drug ingredient target key pathway was determined using cystoscape software. Finally docking was performed to finalize the binding efficiency of the active ingredient and the target. The results of the study show the active ingredients against the psoriasis disease. &nbsp

Pollution is one of the most pressing issues of modern times. Effluent in the world is escalating due to the exponential growth in the industrial and agricultural sectors. The effluents contain heavy metals, pesticides, and inorganic substances ultimately leading to the deterioration of the ecosystem. Even though there are numerous wastewater treatment methods like adsorption, membrane separation, ion exchange, and physical, mechanical, and chemical treatments. They are expensive and have the risk of second-hand pollution. Biopolymers are alternate and superior to synthetic polymers due to their environmentally friendly approach and high efficiency in treating wastewater. The most prominent plant-based biopolymers for the treatment of pollutants are cellulose, starch, carrageenan, alginate, xylan, inulin, pectin, and tragacanth. These have their advantages and disadvantages in bioremediation. The mechanism of pollution removal has adsorption, flocculation, bridge formation, and electrostatic patches. They are biodegradable as they are natural in origin. They have proved to remove toxic pollutants like chitosan, pullulan, polyhydroxy alkonates and butyrates, dextran, starch and cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polycaprolactone, gelatin, collagen and wheat gluten, alginate, heparin, and pectin to name a few. Biopolymers are also sourced from diverse sources like agricultural wastes and well-known sources like plants, animals, and microbes. Biopolymer and its composites are utilized as coagulants and flocculants. They are cellulose graft polyacrylamide, anionic sodium carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum graft polyacrylamide, pectin polyacrylamide, starch, and tannin. Nanotechnology has led to the development of elite nanohybrid bio-adsorbents to actively remove pollutants. These nano adsorbents have been targeting pollutants like azo dyes, bovine serum albumin, cationic dyes, parabens, and methylene blue among others. Biopolymer composites are also widely used for diverse applications primarily due to their enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Biopolymers from natural and synthetic sources can be modified and used as per the requirement.

Bioremediation is an essential feature of microorganisms concerning contaminations in soil and water. The use of microorganisms has been proved to be an effective treatment of industrially released...

Bioremediation is an important function of microorganisms in relation to contaminated soils, wastewater and effluent. Microbes have always been demonstrated to be cost-efficient in the treatment of industrial effluents containing heavy metals like chromium(VI). As more and more new and novel isolates are being discovered with having the ability to acclimatize to varying environments. The application of microorganisms, especially that of bacteria, proves to be showing a greater potential as a low costing biotechnological application. The procedure can be adjusted according to the needs and conditional requirements where the bio-absorbents utilized might be either dead or living. Microbial bioabsorption of chromium(VI) stands out to be an alternative for the removal of the toxic contaminant. This review is focused on the different biosorbent features appropriate in the removal of chromium; different types of bioreactors; and the evolution of research with an overview of bioabsorption.

This study deals with creating a smart bot for improving and enhancing the English of an individual. Keeping in mind the importance of the English Language as a medium of expression across the globe and the lack of Indians to speak English proficiently such technologies have to be made and brought into the Indian Market. The model that we have proposed will basically help people of all ages to learn and improve their English-speaking Skills. The smart bot will further be adaptive with the person who is using it to improve his/her ability to speak English.

In pulse diagnosis, the pulse signals obtained at wrist have been used for analysis of certain diseases in ancient systems of medicine in which the practitioner feels the pulse of the subject by placing his three fingers on the subject’s wrist at three distinct radial pulse point locations. The preliminary studies show that there are many conventional linear techniques applied to analyze the wrist pulse signals and less focus on non-linear techniques. Hence, the main aim of this research is to apply Recurrence Plot and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA), a nonlinear technique to analyze the wrist pulse signals for distinguishing between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Wrist pulse signals from 32 subjects were recorded during the morning hours and were analyzed using RQA techniques. The results show significant differences in the RQA parameters of the wrist pulse signals as they are obtained from the recurrences occurring in the phase space plots of the wrist pulse signals. It was found that parameters like entropy, divergence and average diagonal line length showed significant variations for diabetic and non diabetic subjects. Therefore, it can be concluded that RQA parameters can be used effectively to identify diabetic and non diabetic subjects and thus may be applied on the wrist pulse signals for early detection of various diseases.

Music is one of the major activities that alters the emotional experience of a person. Musical processing in the brain is a complex process involving coordination between various areas of the brain. There are less number of studies that focus on analyzing brain responses due to music using modern signal processing techniques. This research aims to apply a nonlinear signal processing technique i.e. the Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) technique to analyze the brain correlates of happy and sad music conditions while listening to happy and sad ragas of North Indian Classical Music (NICM). EEG signals from 20 different subjects are acquired while listening to excerpts of raga elaboration phases of NICM. Along with behavioural ratings, the signals were analyzed using the Recurrence Quantification Analysis technique. The results showed significant differences in the recurrence plot and recurrence parameters extracted from the frontal and fronto temporal regions in the right and left hemispheres of the brain. Therefore, from the results, it can be concluded that RQA parameters can detect emotional changes due to happy and sad music conditions.

Skin cancer is a term given to the uncontrolled growth of strange skin cells. It occurs whenever unrepaired DNA damages to skin cells trigger mutations, or any other genetic defects, that lead the skin cells to multiply readily and form malignant tumors. Image processing is a commonly used method for skin cancer detection from the appearance of the affected area on the skin. The input to the system is that the skin lesion image so by applying novel image process techniques, it analyses it to conclude about the presence of skin cancer. The Lesion Image analysis tools checks for the various Melanoma parameters Like Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, (ABCD rule), etc. by texture, size and form analysis for image segmentation and have stages. The extracted feature parameters are accustomed classify the image as traditional skin and malignant melanoma cancerlesion. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of the important branches of Artificial Intelligence, which has been accepted as a brand-new technology in computer science for image processing. Neural Networks is currently the area of interest in medicine, particularly in the fields of radiology, urology, cardiology, oncology, etc. Neural Network plays a vital role in an exceedingly call network. It has been used to analyze Melanoma parameters Like Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, etc. which are calculated using MATLAB from skin cancer images intending to developing diagnostic algorithms that might improve triage practices in the emergency department. Using the ABCD rules for melanoma skin cancer, we use ANN in the classification stage. Initially, we train the network with known target values. The network is well trained with 96.9% accuracy, and then the unknown values are tested for the cancer classification. This classification method proves to be more efficient for skin cancer classification

Phospholipids (PLs) are the important components of cell membrane of all living organisms. The PL or the cell membrane of the bacteria are the least studied subject as it involves large quantities of material and few methods to assay. The novel study was designed to understand if the cell membrane remains same or it changes during different conditions. The bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans which can live as a planktonic as well as sessile form was chosen to study the difference in Phospholipids present in the cell membrane. The Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was grown in liquid substrate Sodium Thiosulphate and a solid substrate Sulfur keeping Ferrous Sulphate substrate grown bacteria as a control. The PLs were extracted using Bligh and Dyer method and concentrated by nitrogen stream drying and isolated using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The isolated PLs were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to characterize the isolated PLs. The results show that Rf value of the PLs and the yield were different in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans grown in Ferrous Sulphate, Sodium Thiosulphate and Sulfur substrates. The present study has successfully demonstrated for the first time that the PLs were not same in both liquid and solid substrate grown bacteria. Hence it is proved beyond doubt that when bacteria are exposed to different environments they modify the cell membranes to adapt to the new conditions. The Biofilm forming planktonic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria had different PLs profile then sessile bacterial.

Biomining operations are used industrially to extract metal of interest from low grade ores. The time required in these operations is relatively large as different microorganisms take different amount of time in bioleaching or bio oxidation. Extensive research is going in the field of metallurgy and biotechnology to create new strains, by genetic manipulation, which give better yield and take shorter time. This is resulting in a lot of dispersed data around the globe at various locations in the form of literature hard copies and web material. Hence, we try is to create a freely accessible, informative and cumulated data repository of mining bacteria, from which the data related to any kind of mining microorganism can be extracted and any new data related to existing or new strains can be uploaded so that a uniform informational repository is formed. Since, the bacterial groups are the most researched groups amongst the plethora of mining microorganisms, we first aimed at creating a database for the bacterial group, which can further be extended to other groups as well.

A nonrenewable fuel like petroleum has been used from centuries and its usage has kept on increasing day by day. This also contributes to increased production of greenhouse gases contributing towards global issues like global warming. In order to meet environmental and economic sustainability, renewable, carbon neutral transport fuels are necessary. To meet these demands microalgae are the key source for production of biodiesel. These microalgae do produce oil from sunlight like plants but in a much more efficient manner. Biodiesel provides more environmental benefits, and being a renewable resource it has gained lot of attraction. However, the main obstacle to commercialization of biodiesel is its cost and feasibility. Biodiesel is usually used by blending with petro diesel, but it can also be used in pure form. Biodiesel is a sustainable fuel, as it is available throughout the year and can run any engine. It will satisfy the needs of the future generation to come. It will meet the demands of the future generation to come.

Globally anthropogenic materials have replaced natural materials. These substances which were industrially useful have proved to be highly deleterious in recent decade. One of these compound is Bisphenol A (BPA), which is used in almost all food cans and containers. This paper focus on little known aspects of BPA which is an endocrine disruptor on oogenesis, gene implants, embryo development, mammary glands, prostate ,testis urethra. Exposure to even small concentrations of BPA have shown severe impact on different stages of embryo development. The behaviour modifications as well as carcinogenic effects are also discussed based on the studies on various animal models. Keywords: Bisphenol A, Leaching, Endocrine disruptor, Development, Carcinogenicity.

Oil contaminated soils were collected from oil grinding mill, automobile service stations, and restaurant waste dumping sites of Vellore district for the isolation of oil degrading bacteria. Out of 78 Colony Forming Units, only 16 were found to be potent bacteria. 8 biggest clear zone forming bacteria on trybutyrin plates were studied for their colony morphology and the most potential oil degrader bacteria was then chosen for microbial and biochemical assay. The study showed the most prospective bacteria were Bacillus subtilis with the dimension of 3.45 microm x 0.2 microm. This "microbial oil-destroyer" produces extracellular lipase which utilizes oil, and hence it can be used for the self remediation of lipid contaminated soils and water bodies.