Search

In recent years, the increasing life expectancy has underscored the importance of cognitive health alongside physical well-being, particularly because healthy adults may report subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), often related to memory. These complaints may or may not align with objective cognitive impairments, fueling ongoing debates about whether SCC could serve as an early indicator of dementia. While some studies suggest SCC as a potential precursor to dementia, others propose that these complaints may merely co-occur with cognitive decline. Despite the lack of consensus, addressing SCC remains crucial for early intervention, especially as emerging treatments for dementia show promise when applied at early stages. Risk factors associated with dementia, such as age, education, family history, and comorbid conditions like depression and diabetes, have been incorporated into predictive models. However, clinical practice continues to rely heavily on neuropsychological assessments to bridge subjective complaints with objective cognitive performance and may often require additional investigations, such as neuroimaging. Factors such as cognitive reserve, depression, stress, sleep disturbances, and personality traits also play significant roles in the interpretation of SCC. Some of these conditions may potentially mask underlying cognitive decline. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, integrating neuropsychological testing with a thorough anamnesis, can help distinguish between cognitive disorders and other contributing factors. Here, we propose a flowchart to guide clinicians in the management of SCC, integrating key factors to enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform treatment decisions. Despite the challenges involved, a careful and holistic approach remains essential for effective patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is a complex gynecologic disorder characterized primarily by symptoms of pelvic pain, infertility, and altered quality of life. National and international guidelines highlight the diagnostic difficulties and lack of conclusive diagnostic tools for endometriosis. Furthermore, guidelines are becoming questionable at an increasingly rapid rate as new diagnostic techniques emerge. This work aims to provide a knowledge synthesis of the relevance of various diagnostic tools and to assess areas of improvement of conventional algorithms. MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2021 to December 2023 using relevant key words. Articles evaluating the diagnostic relevance and performance of various tools were included and independently reviewed by the authors for eligibility. Included studies were assessed using the GRADE and QUADAS‐2 tools. Of the 4204 retrieved articles, 26 were included. While anamnesis and clinical examination do contribute to diagnostic accuracy, their level of evidence and impact on the diagnostic process remains limited. Although imaging techniques are recommended to investigate endometriosis, ultrasonography remains highly operator dependent. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to exhibit higher sensitivities than ultrasound. However, concerns persist with regards to the terminology, anatomical definition of lesions, and accuracies of both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Recently, several biological markers have been studied and cumulative evidence supports the contribution of noncoding RNAs to the diagnosis of endometriosis. Marginal improvements have been suggested for anamnesis, clinical examination, and imaging examinations. Conversely, some biomarkers, including the saliva microRNA signature for endometriosis, have emerged as diagnostic tools which inspire reflection on the revision of conventional diagnostic algorithms. Synopsis: Endometriosis diagnosis remains complex. In addition to anamnesis, clinical examination, and imaging techniques, biomarkers offer encouraging perspectives supporting their inclusion in diagnostic algorithms for endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual abuse is common, especially among people with physical, sensory or mental disabilities living in an institution. In a residential institution, patients are dependent on professional caregivers, which is a risk factor for abuse. Sexually transgressive behaviour can also occur among residents. There is increasing evidence for the link between urological problems and a history of sexual abuse. Understanding the relationship between sexual abuse, pelvic floor overactivity and urological problems offers opportunities for trauma processing. This article describes how urologists can apply this knowledge in their work with patients who live in institutions, taking into account the shame and guilt associated with these experiences. Concrete questions and psychoeducation to apply in the consulting room are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is since the beginning of the so-called 'digital revolution' in the 1950s that technological tools have been developed to simplify and optimise traditional, time-consuming, and laborious anamnestic collection for many physicians. In recent years, more and more sophisticated 'automated' anamnestic collection systems have been developed, to the extent that they can actually enter daily clinical practice. This article not only provides a historical overview of the evolution of such tools, but also explores the ethical and medico-legal implications of the transition from traditional to digital anamnesis, including the protection of data confidentiality, the preservation of the communicative effectiveness of the doctor–patient dialogue and the safety of care in patients with poor digital and health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La realización de la Historia clínica completa en la práctica de la odontología permite identificar pacientes con patologías preexistentes. Iniciar ésta actividad en el grado permite a los alumnos familiarizarse y valorar una correcta anamnesis. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de las patologías generales de pacientes atendidos en “CLAPAR II” por alumnos cursantes de la asignatura Medicina Interna para la Práctica de la Odontología. Métodos: Estudio observacional, de cuantificación, transversal. Se analizaron 260 Historias Clínicas (HC) efectuadas por alumnos, durante el período comprendido entre abril y octubre de 2023. Se registraron las patologías sistémicas referidas por los pacientes para estimar su prevalencia. Los datos se recopilaron en una planilla Excel. Se establecieron los porcentajes en relación con el total de casos. Y se clasificó mediante un análisis cuantitativo el orden de prevalencia de las mismas. Resultados: Se observó que el 15% de los pacientes presentaban enfermedades del aparato respiratorio, el 7,69% trastornos del aparato digestivo, 5,77% refirieron enfermedades endocrinológicas e igual porcentaje hipertensión arterial. Las enfermedades dermatológicas como las inmunológicas representaron el 5% cada una de ellas. En la población estudiada, las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio fueron las de mayor prevalencia, seguidas por las enfermedades digestivas. En tercer lugar, se ubican las enfermedades endócrinas y la hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: Estos resultados confirman que las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio están siendo de importante prevalencia en la población general lo cual podría ameritar serios estudios medioambientales.

Purpose of Review: The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the main approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalisation were used as methods of studying the object of research. Recent Findings: According to the results of the study, the most effective method of diagnosis was found to be examination and history taking. Correct performance of these actions allows to find out whether the nature of the patient's pain is a symptom of trigeminal neuralgia. For this purpose, the location, nature, and triggering factors of the pain are determined. At the same time, pain characteristics are compared to exclude other diseases that are also accompanied by pain in the face. Among the instrumental diagnostic methods, magnetic resonance imaging has proven to be the most effective, allowing to determine the form of neuralgia and its causes. To determine the effectiveness of treatment methods, the parameters of pain relief rate, duration of the therapeutic effect and the presence of side effects were used. The most effective approach in the conservative treatment of trigeminal neuralgia was determined to be a complex drug therapy, including anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, antispasmodics, and physiotherapy procedures. The most effective method of surgical intervention is microvascular decompression, which provides immediate pain relief in most cases and has the longest-lasting effect compared to other methods. Summary: Rhizotomy was defined as a less effective procedure, but its advantage was its minimally invasive nature. Even though trigeminal neuralgia is a recurrent disease, the right treatment approach can maximise the duration of remission and return the patient to a normal lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hypnos is the property of Hypnos / Instituto Hypnos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Comprehensive anesthesia preparation by means of the anamnesis and physical examination is considered an essential part of the quality criteria for anesthesia. Especially due to the shortage of specialists, there are usually long waiting times in anesthesia outpatient departments and patients must frequently return in cases of missing or pending findings. Telemedicine already offers alternatives in the context of video communication. These alternatives are now particularly prominent due to the currently existing COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting recommendations for digitalization. Objectives: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out to show via a patient survey which patient groups are suitable for a telemedical anesthesia preparation and whether the patients are already technically sufficiently equipped. Material and methods: For this purpose, a total of 2080 patients (1030 before and 1050 during the pandemic) were interviewed using a questionnaire. For matched paired analyses, 630 pairs were formed according to their age and gender. Results: Before and after the pandemic, there was an increase in the percentage of patients already using video communication in their daily lives (30.4% vs. 41.8%). Before the pandemic, 31.7% of patients indicated that they considered this concept of communication to be a practical and appropriate method for an educational conversation and after the pandemic this number increased to 46.6%. For the majority of patients personal contact with a local anesthesiologist was important (80.7% before vs. 67.4% during the pandemic). The number of patients who had the necessary technical equipment for video communication also increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (50.4% vs. 58.2%). Discussion: Almost half of the patients already seem to be open to a telemedical preoperative evaluation. As digitalization progresses, older generations are more likely to recognize the benefits and be able to own and use the necessary technology in the near future. User acceptance should be the central goal of concept development. This must be followed by a randomized controlled study to evaluate the potentials but also the problems in the perioperative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Myxomatous mitral valve disease is dogs' most common acquired heart disease. The gold standard for its definitive diagnosis is echocardiography. This study aimed to develop a tool that uses a quality of life survey, structured anamnesis, and physical examination to predict the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine classification stages. Accurately identifying a patient's stage is crucial to evaluating when treatment should be initiated and tailoring it to their ACVIM stage. The study analysed 1011 dogs from 23 hospitals, and the results showed that the majority of patients were successfully classified into the control group (healthy dogs), stage B (dogs with a heart murmur but are asymptomatic), and stage C (dogs with heart failure). However, efficient results were not obtained to differentiate between stage B1 (dogs with a heart murmur and without heart enlargement) and stage B2 (dogs with a heart murmur and heart enlargement). Further studies should be carried out to implement these techniques and improve their diagnostic value in veterinary cardiology. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is a prevalent canine cardiac disease typically diagnosed and classified using echocardiography. However, accessibility to this technique can be limited in first-opinion clinics. This study aimed to determine if machine learning techniques can classify MMVD according to the ACVIM classification (B1, B2, C, and D) through a structured anamnesis, quality of life survey, and physical examination. This report encompassed 23 veterinary hospitals and assessed 1011 dogs for MMVD using the FETCH-Q quality of life survey, clinical history, physical examination, and basic echocardiography. Employing a classification tree and a random forest analysis, the complex model accurately identified 96.9% of control group dogs, 49.8% of B1, 62.2% of B2, 77.2% of C, and 7.7% of D cases. To enhance clinical utility, a simplified model grouping B1 and B2 and C and D into categories B and CD improved accuracy rates to 90.8% for stage B, 73.4% for stages CD, and 93.8% for the control group. In conclusion, the current machine-learning technique was able to stage healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD classified into stages B and CD in the majority of dogs using quality of life surveys, medical history, and physical examinations. However, the technique faces difficulties differentiating between stages B1 and B2 and determining between advanced stages of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhoea, which is a clinical manifestation of various illnesses, is frequently observed in dogs. Regrettably, many dog owners find it difficult to provide comprehensive case histories, primarily because of limited interaction with their canine companions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of faecal biochemical analytes in detecting and characterizing acute diarrhoea in dogs. Sixty-two domestic dogs were selected using the proportionate stratified sample technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Faecal stool specimens from the dogs were obtained using the colon flush technique. The specimens were taken through biochemical analysis to determine urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase and uric acid levels. Results showed a significant association between the diarrhoea status of the participants and their age, weight, breed, body size, source of last diet, period of inappetence, and other gastrointestinal signs (p < 0.050, respectively). Dogs that had not eaten in at least three days were five times more likely (p < 0.05) to have diarrhoea. Furthermore, miniature breeds were about six times more likely to develop diarrhoea (p < 0.05). Of the seven selected biochemical parameters, total faecal cholesterol was the most predictive index in diagnosing acute diarrhoea in dogs, with a likelihood ratio of 6.5, and it was the most accurate in predicting defecation stooling frequency and texture. In summary, in situations of inadequate case histories, measuring total faecal cholesterol could assist veterinarians in detecting diarrhoea and predicting its faecal stooling texture and frequency in dogs.

Abstract Background The effect of clinical history on the interpretation of radiographs has been widely researched in human medicine. There is, however, no data on this topic in veterinary medicine. Hypothesis/Objectives Diagnostic accuracy would improve when history was supplied. Animals Thirty client‐owned dogs with abnormal findings on thoracic radiographs and confirmation of the disease, and 30 healthy client‐owned controls were drawn retrospectively. Methods Retrospective case‐control study. Sixty radiographic studies of the thorax were randomized and interpreted by 6 radiologists; first, with no access to the clinical information; and a second time with access to all pertinent clinical information and signalment. Results A significant increase in diagnostic accuracy was noted when clinical information was provided (64.4% without and 75.2% with clinical information; P = .002). There was no significant difference in agreement between radiologists when comparing no clinical information and with clinical information (Kappa 0.313 and 0.300, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The addition of pertinent clinical information to the radiographic request significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of thorax radiographs of dogs and is recommended as standard practice.

The essay’s objective is to nuance the experience of joy as mutual and communal and to seek moments that facilitate its diminishing returns (anamnesis). Framed by radical experiences of the past, the essay intertwines the theme of personal loss (punctuated by citations from private letters to the author) with the loss of a homeland.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the school of medicines to opt for a virtual teaching modality due to the suspension of face-to-face activities imposed by the lockdown. Objective: To determine the advantages and disadvantages of the virtual teaching modality perceived by the students in an introduction to clinical medicine course of a school of medicine in Lima, Peru. Methods: A virtual non-validated survey was circulated among fourth year medical students. Results: 94 studentes answered the survey (51%). Perceived advantages were to have more time to study (57.4%) and saving time in transportation (39.4%). The disadvantages were lack of contact with real patients (42.6%) and not to be able to obtain a clinical history from patients (39.4%). The 72.3% of students were able to identify the medical problems of patients, but only 24.4% were able to obtain an adequate clinical history and just 9.6% performed an adequate physical examination. Conclusion: The virtual teaching modality allowed the student to have more time for self-study but limited their abilities to obtain a clinical history and to perform a physical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computed tomography (CT) has gained more prominence in small animal clinics. In this regard, the present study describes the case of a canine with neurological signs who underwent CT scans of the cranial and thoracic regions, revealing neoformation in the middle and inner ear regions and in the lung area, suggestive of metastases. This technology is an advantage in the diagnosis of neoplasms, as it allows for three-dimensional analysis, enabling more precise results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work involves the construction of an admission form for the psychology service subsidized by the professional practice of multidisciplinary residency. The objective of this work was to develop an admission psychological care form, constructed during the period of multidisciplinary residency in the neurosurgical ward of a hospital. The construction took place in the following stages: 1) bibliographic survey in articles that addressed the use of admission forms used in psychology services, specifically in surgical sectors;2) the axes for the composition of the form seized from the reading, the study of these instruments found and public documents consulted were listed, 3) the construction of the form was carried out. It was observed the importance of systematizing this first care in order to record the primary demands that are crucial in the development of the professional's actions during the period of psychological follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fabrica Litterarum Polono-Italica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The effect of clinical history on the interpretation of radiographs has been widely researched in human medicine. There is, however, no data on this topic in veterinary medicine. Hypothesis/Objectives: Diagnostic accuracy would improve when history was supplied. Animals: Thirty client‐owned dogs with abnormal findings on thoracic radiographs and confirmation of the disease, and 30 healthy client‐owned controls were drawn retrospectively. Methods: Retrospective case‐control study. Sixty radiographic studies of the thorax were randomized and interpreted by 6 radiologists; first, with no access to the clinical information; and a second time with access to all pertinent clinical information and signalment. Results: A significant increase in diagnostic accuracy was noted when clinical information was provided (64.4% without and 75.2% with clinical information; P =.002). There was no significant difference in agreement between radiologists when comparing no clinical information and with clinical information (Kappa 0.313 and 0.300, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The addition of pertinent clinical information to the radiographic request significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of thorax radiographs of dogs and is recommended as standard practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El método más efectivo para el diagnóstico de alergia alimentaria es la historia clínica, que comprende la anamnesis y el examen físico. La anamnesis debe incluir el interrogatorio dirigido y detallado, y junto con el examen físico aportarán los datos necesarios para orientar hacia el diagnóstica, y sugerir si la fisiopatología es mediada o no por IgE, lo que es pertinente para la selección e interpretación de las pruebas específicas y establecer el diagnóstico certero, además de evaluar la posibilidad de distinguir entre los distintos diagnósticos diferenciales.La expresión de la alergia alimentaria está influenciada por factores de riesgo no modificables que incluyen sexo, raza y genética (familiares), y factores modificables: dermatitis atópica, deficiencia de vitamina D, dieta con alta cantidad de grasas poliinsaturadas y deficiente de antioxidantes, consumo de fármacos antiácidos, obesidad, aumento de la higiene, influencia de la microbiota, tiempo y vía de exposición de los alimentos (mayor riesgo al retrasar la ingestión oral de alérgenos y concomitante exposición ambiental de los mismos que conduce a sensibilización y alergia).

Nowadays, the most difficult task for a physical therapist is to carry out the screening for referral process, that is, to understand whether the patient is within his or her competence or whether he or she should be sent to a specialist. To succeed optimally in the screening process, in addition to theoretical knowledge and clinical experience, it is necessary to possess good clinical reasoning. The latter is not without errors, which must be known in order to be avoided. Succeeding in good screening helps the figure of the physical therapist establish himself or herself in the landscape of health professionals, increasing the esteem of physicians and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late-medieval devotional literature embraced visualization as a means of providing the reader-devotee with the experience of being a virtual witness during a text-guided meditation. Based on a new reading of Cransken van minnen, a Middle Dutch prayer book from Franciscan milieus, this paper will propose a framework based on the interrelations between visualization and other key aspects pointed out in recent research as significant for understanding this type of literature: affective reactions, anamnesis and virtual witnessing. This framework entails two assumptions. The first is that visualization, especially with Mary as the compassionate "focaliser", was instrumental in achieving the goal of devotion, which was to promote an affective reaction (contrition). The second is that this prayer book offered devotees an experience of anamnesis ("recalling") that depended on the provision of sensory perceptions through which readers could become virtual witnesses to the events meditated upon. Using a combination of philological and literary–historical methods, the structure and content of this prayer book are scrutinized in detail to provide new insights into the strategies used by the compiler to infuse the prayer discourse with elements suggesting visual perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a profound paradox in modern medical knowledge production: The more we know, the more we know that we (still) do not know. Nowhere is this more visible than in diagnostics and early detection of disease. As we identify ever more markers, predictors, precursors, and risk factors of disease ever earlier, we realize that we need knowledge about whether they develop into something experienced by the person and threatening to the person's health. This study investigates how advancements in science and technology alter one type of uncertainty, i.e., temporal uncertainty of disease diagnosis. As diagnosis is related to anamnesis and prognosis it identifies how uncertainties in all these fields are interconnected. In particular, the study finds that uncertainty in disease diagnosis has become more subject to prognostic uncertainty because diagnosis is more connected to technologically detected indicators and less closely connected to manifest and experienced disease. These temporal uncertainties pose basic epistemological and ethical challenges as they can result in overdiagnosis, overtreatment, unnecessary anxiety and fear, useless and even harmful diagnostic odysseys, as well as vast opportunity costs. The point is not to stop our quest for knowledge about disease but to encourage real diagnostic improvements that help more people in ever better manner as early as possible. To do so, we need to pay careful attention to specific types of temporal uncertainty in modern diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the novel “Živite v Moskve” (2000) by the conceptual writer and artist Dmitrij Prigov (1940–2007). The main aim of the paper is to find out how the author approaches the issue of memory and remembering. The article shows that the novel does not attempt to reconstruct the factual past events. It uses memory as an instrument for the production of fictional events which are based on the narrative and discursive schemata embedded in the narrator’s conscience. Therefore, the act of remembering can be seen as platonic anamnesis (recollection). It means that the narrator recollects the schemata, however, the latter do not exist as “pure” forms, but they are graspable only in the form of a very concrete literary realization.

Acute abdominal pain is the most frequent complaint evaluated by the emergency surgeon. The frequency of this presentation and the multitude of diagnoses and severity of cases reinforce the importance of a methodic clinical approach and knowledge of the causes of acute abdomen. In this article, we intend to review the process of diagnosing an acute abdomen and remind the medical community the importance of an accurate history and physical examination in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychoactive substances have toxic effects resulting different cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular organ damage. Through a variety of mechanisms, they can trigger the onset of various forms of cardiovascular disease: acute or chronic, transient or permanent, subclinical or symptomatic. Hence, a thorough knowledge of the patient's drug habits is essential for a more complete clinical-etiopathogenetic diagnosis and consequent therapeutic, preventive, and rehabilitative management. Summary: The prime reason for taking a psychoactive substance use history in the cardiovascular context is to identify those people who use substances (whether habitual or occasional users, symptomatic or not) and adequately assess their overall cardiovascular risk profile in terms of "user status" and type of substance(s) used. A psychoactive substance history could also alert the physician to suspect, and eventually diagnose, cardiovascular disease related to the intake of psychoactive substances, so optimizing the medical management of users. This anamnesis could finally assess the likelihood of patients persisting in the habit as a user or relapse, while maintaining high their cardiovascular risk profile. Taking such a history should be mandatory when a causal connection is suspected between intake of psychoactive substances and the observed symptoms or pathology, regardless of whether the individual is a declared user or not. Key Messages: The purpose of this article was to provide practical information on when, how, and why to perform a psychoactive substance use history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational resistance is, here, examined in two of its possible inflections. First, as resistance to educational imposition. Second, as a form of resistance which might itself be educational. Jean-François Lyotard's reflections on 'anamnesic resistance' are developed in the context of educational thought, and then read up against proposals for philosophically informed educational reform by Bernard Stiegler. Stiegler's approach, based in part on a critique of Lyotard, is called in to question, both in terms of its reading of Lyotard and the impositional educational logic it follows. Additionally, this article incorporates a novel application of a practice-as research methodology, in aid of illuminating and exemplifying the central dimensions of its argument, utilising sound as a means of philosophical research and 'anamnesic resistance'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is a prevalent canine cardiac disease typically diagnosed and classified using echocardiography. However, accessibility to this technique can be limited in first-opinion clinics. This study aimed to determine if machine learning techniques can classify MMVD according to the ACVIM classification (B1, B2, C, and D) through a structured anamnesis, quality of life survey, and physical examination. This report encompassed 23 veterinary hospitals and assessed 1011 dogs for MMVD using the FETCH-Q quality of life survey, clinical history, physical examination, and basic echocardiography. Employing a classification tree and a random forest analysis, the complex model accurately identified 96.9% of control group dogs, 49.8% of B1, 62.2% of B2, 77.2% of C, and 7.7% of D cases. To enhance clinical utility, a simplified model grouping B1 and B2 and C and D into categories B and CD improved accuracy rates to 90.8% for stage B, 73.4% for stages CD, and 93.8% for the control group. In conclusion, the current machine-learning technique was able to stage healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD classified into stages B and CD in the majority of dogs using quality of life surveys, medical history, and physical examinations. However, the technique faces difficulties differentiating between stages B1 and B2 and determining between advanced stages of the disease.

The present essay is a study and an analysis of important theoretical principles that we might find in Protagoras. Subject of this dialogue are moral virtues: their unity/plurality and teachebility or unteachebility. Virtues generally are wisdom, justice, piety, temperance and courage. Reading Protagoras and studying its parts with some points taken from other dialogue Meno, can light on the former; because Meno’s theory of anamnesis (teaching or knowledge is recollection) as a perspective describes the meaning of to teach or teaching (Meno, 79-80). Protagoras wanting this meaning and only takes teaching as a transition of arts and virtues from the elder to the young. Our disscution of Socrates and Protagoras's ideas on education is not only based on their differences and contrarieties but also on their similarities and intractions: coversations that are going between the philosopher and the sophist depict a relative convergence of their opinions on the education of the young. Symbol of the mentioned convergence is the principal view that emerges at the end of Protagoras; Socrates suppose and say we (I and Protagoras) must revise our opinions until arrive at a consequence on the teachebility or unteachebility of the virtues: if virtue is knowledge (wisdom), then it is teachable. (Protagoras, 361a-c). This result is at the same time repeated in Meno (87) and is one of theoretical principles.

Introduction: Headache is the most common neurological complaint at the different levels of the healthcare system, and clinical history and physical examination are essential in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. With the objective of unifying the care given to patients with headache, the Spanish Society of Neurology’s Headache Study Group (GECSEN) has decided to establish a series of consensus recommendations to improve and guarantee adequate care in primary care, emergency services, and neurology departments. Methods: With the aim of creating a practical document, the recommendations follow the dynamics of a medical consultation: clinical history, physical examination, and scales quantifying headache impact and disability. In addition, we provide recommendations for follow-up and managing patients’ expectations of the treatment. Conclusions: With this tool, we aim to improve the care given to patients with headache in order to guarantee adequate, homogeneous care across Spain. Resumen: Introducción: La cefalea es el motivo de consulta neurológico más prevalente en los distintos niveles asistenciales, donde la anamnesis y exploración son primordiales para realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Con la intención de unificar la atención de esta patología, el Grupo de Estudio de Cefalea de la Sociedad Española de Neurología (GECSEN) ha decidido elaborar unas recomendaciones consensuadas para mejorar y garantizar una adecuada asistencia en Atención Primaria, Urgencias y Neurología. Metodología: El documento es práctico, sigue el orden de la dinámica de actuación durante una consulta: anamnesis, escalas que cuantifican el impacto y la discapacidad y exploración. Además, finaliza con pautas para realizar un seguimiento adecuado y un manejo de las expectativas del paciente con el tratamiento pautado. Conclusiones: Esperamos ofrecer una herramienta que mejore la atención al paciente con cefalea para garantizar una asistencia adecuada y homogénea a nivel nacional.

La propedéutica es el área de la medicina que “enseña el conjunto ordenado de métodos y procedimientos de los que se vale el clínico para observar los signos y síntomas” .

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a masticatory muscle activity during sleep, and its clinical manifestation in young children is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of anamnestic information in predicting possible SB in children aged 4–12 years. In a cross-sectional retrospective exploratory study, the dental files of 521 children were examined with regard to the following anamnestic information: gender, age, medical conditions associated with ear, nose, and throat (ENT), respiratory disorders, use of methylphenidate (Ritalin), oral habits, and bruxing during sleep. A child was defined as presenting possible SB when a positive report was received from parents regarding such behavior (SB positive, No. = 84). There were no age- and/or gender-wise differences between SB-positive children and children whose parents did not report SB behavior (SB negative). SB-positive children suffered more from ENT and respiratory disorders than children without SB. Additionally, the use of pacifiers/finger sucking, as well as snoring, were more common among SB-positive children as compared to their SB-negative counterparts (Chi-square). The variables which were found to significantly increase the odds of possible SB in children were mouth breathing, ENT problems, and use of a pacifier or finger sucking (forward stepwise logistic regression). Clinicians should look for clinical signs of possible SB in children whose anamnesis reveals one or more of these anamnestic signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests that the practice of anamnesis—the taking of a patient history in preparation for making a diagnosis, as well as the related form of investigation, historia—offers a way to understand the role of medical collections in generating medical knowledge. Anamnesis derives from ancient Greek "recollecting" or "opening of memory," and "taking a history" from historia, an ancient and early modern epistemic practice of gathering empirical observations from the past and present. Doctors and medical researchers perform, this paper argues, a form of anamnesis when they access collections—of pathological organs, experimental animals, diagnostic slides, samples, and data—and the collections may in turn be seen as constituting institutional and disciplinary memories. It moreover shows that doctors and medical researchers in their work with collections negotiate two ways of organizing observations that are also present in an anamnesis. One way clusters and classifies observations, while the other traces developments and requires significant past observations to understand the present. This double nature plays out in different ways in different historical collections. Last, the paper itself may also be seen as performing an anamnesis: looking for patterns and tracing a development in medical history. It "opens the memory" of medical collection practices, and shows that medicine is past-heavy and that the past plays a central role in modern biomedicine. Anamnesis is thus used as a historiographical stance that seeks to understand present practices of generating knowledge about diseases through an inquiry into the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Applied Veterinary Science & Technology is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article argues that what is usually called 'Roma memory of the Holocaust' needs to be differentiated into four types, depending on the combination of two modes (mneme and anamnesis) and two genealogies of memory (bottom-up and top-down). The first type is memory unconsciously encoded in culture; the second emerges due to the unblocking of memories by external factors; the third refers to the construction of memories by the Roma movement; and the fourth accounts for individual management of memory. These types correspond with four different aspects of Roma identity: cultural (substance), social (relation), historical (process), and individual (choice). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of sudden renal excretory dysfunction with severe health consequences. AKI etiology influences prognosis, with pre-renal showing a more favorable evolution than intrinsic AKI. Because the international diagnostic criteria (i.e., based on plasma creatinine) provide no etiological distinction, anamnestic and additional biochemical criteria complement AKI diagnosis. Traditional, etiology-defining biochemical parameters, including the fractional excretion of sodium, the urinary-to-plasma creatinine ratio and the renal failure index are individually limited by confounding factors such as diuretics. To minimize distortion, we generated a composite biochemical criterion based on the congruency of at least two of the three biochemical ratios. Patients showing at least two ratios indicative of intrinsic AKI were classified within this category, and those with at least two pre-renal ratios were considered as pre-renal AKI patients. In this study, we demonstrate that the identification of intrinsic AKI by a collection of urinary injury biomarkers reflective of tubular damage, including NGAL and KIM-1, more closely and robustly coincide with the biochemical than with the anamnestic classification. Because there is no gold standard method for the etiological classification of AKI, the mutual reinforcement provided by the biochemical criterion and urinary biomarkers supports an etiological diagnosis based on objective diagnostic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: A course on sexual anamnesis based on peer teaching was developed, piloted, and evaluated at the medical school of the University of Würzburg. The course is part of the expansion of the communication curriculum and in order to close existing gaps in medical education. An implementation of the course in the curriculum is meant to give all students the opportunity to acquire professional skills in this area.Method: The course consists of knowledge transfer, interactive exercises, role plays with structured feedback, and an exchange with practitioners. A standardized online evaluation of the course took place in regard to teaching quality, subjective learning success, and acceptance. The voluntary course was conducted online in the summer semester of 2021 and in person in the winter semester of 2021/22. A total of 68 students participated. The training of the tutors was realized in cooperation with the “Deutsche Aidshilfe” (DAH).Results: The course was successfully conducted online and in person. A total of 60 students participated in the evaluation. More than 80% of the students rated the course as structured. They assessed an adequate mix of knowledge transfer and practical exercises. More than half of the students reported that they were more confident in performing sexual anamnesis after they participated in the course. There was an open exchange among the students. More than 90% of the students found the peer teaching by the tutors helpful.Conclusion: The implementation of the course closes a relevant gap of the curriculum in Würzburg. Sexual anamnesis will be a regular part of the curriculum starting in the winter semester 2022/23. The concept can also be transferred to other universities.