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The industrial revolution based on the Internet of Things brings new opportunities and challenges for enterprises' green and sustainable development. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) and the Green Transformation of Enterprises (GT) based on the data of China's A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2023 using two-way fixed, mediated effect, and moderated effect models. The results show that for every unit increase in IIOT, the GT increases by 28.89 percent on average, indicating that IIOT can break down information barriers and effectively promote GT. However, after disaggregating the GT, it was found that the IIOT guided companies to implement the Symbolic Green Transformation (SGT) instead of adopting the Realistic Green Transformation (RGT). This strategic choice preference is more pronounced among firms that are larger, in energy-intensive industries, in regions with weaker environmental regulations and higher levels of development. The intermediary mechanism test proved that the IIOT can drive firms to implement comprehensive GT through paths that enhance investment attractiveness, productivity, technological innovation, and pay gaps. In particular, the masking effect reminds us that smart technology is a “double-edged sword”. The negative effects of smart technologies hinder the implementation of RGT. Further analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between IIOT and RGT preferences. In addition, in companies that focus on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance and avoid financial speculation, the dark side of intelligent technology is suppressed. The findings of this study enrich the research scope of smart technology, GT, and provide important insights for enterprises in emerging economies to rationally utilize IIOT to seek green and sustainable development under the wave of rapid development of smart technology.

The microbial population in the pig’s gastrointestinal tract can be influenced by incorporating fibrous by-products into the diets. This study investigated the impact of including two types of dried olive cake (OC) in pigs’ diets on fecal bacterial composition. The correlation between fecal microbiota and growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut fermentation pattern and slurry gas emissions was also evaluated. Thirty male Pietrain x (Landrace x Large white) pigs (47.9 ± 4.21 kg) were assigned to three groups: a control group (C), a group fed a diet with 20% partially defatted OC (20PDOC), and a group fed a diet with 20% cyclone OC (20COC) for 21 days. Fecal samples collected before and after providing the experimental diets were analyzed for the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Pigs were weighed, and feed intake was recorded throughout the study. Potential ammonia and methane emissions from slurry were measured. No significant differences in alpha diversity indexes were found. The taxonomic analysis revealed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidota phyla were dominant at the phylum level across all groups. Differential abundance analysis using ALDEx showed significant differences among groups for various bacteria at the phylum, genus, and species levels at the end of the experiment. Pigs from 20PDOC and 20COC groups exhibited increased abundances of health-promoting bacteria, such as Plactomycetota at the phylum level and Allisonella and an unidentified genus from the Eggerthellaceae family at the genus level. These changes influenced short-chain fatty acids’ (SCFA) concentration in slurries, leading to greater acetic, butyric, caproic and heptanoic acids in OC-fed groups, especially 20COC pigs. A volatility analysis revealed significant positive correlations (p

IntroductionEating disorders (EDs) are serious psychological problems that affect not only the individual, but also their entire environment. The prevalence rates of EDs are higher among the adolescent population. A better understanding of ED risk factors is essential to design effective prevention and intervention programs that focus beyond the areas of weight and appearance.MethodsThe main objective of this systematic review was to identify the risk factors of EDs and provide a comprehensive approach, analyzing the interplay between individuals, their inner circle, and the society characteristics. The Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases were searched.ResultsThe initial search produced 8,178 references. After removing duplicates and performing the selection process by three independent reviewers, 42 articles were included in the systematic review according to the pre-specified inclusion criteria. The results suggest the relevance of society and the inner circle on the development of EDs.DiscussionThe internalization of the thin ideal, promoted by the current society, and living in an unsupportive, unaffectionate, non-cohesive environment were associated with the onset of EDs symptomatology. Other associated variables with this ED indicator were poor-quality relationships and feeling judged about appearance. These aspects seem to be essential for the development of individual characteristics like self-esteem or adaptative coping during adolescence. This systematic review has shown the complex etiology of EDs and the relevance of the interplay between the different areas involved. Furthermore, this information could be relevant to improve the design of innovative and more effective prevention and intervention programs.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42022320881.

Seawater has been proposed as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes, thus representing a risk to public health. In this study, we evaluated the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants (bacteria and genes) in 77 seawater samples collected at different points along the coast of the Gulf of Valencia (Spain). Specifically, indicators of fecal contamination bacteria, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp., were isolated, and their antibiotic resistance profiles were analyzed through the use of the Sensititre® system, followed by the detection of the main antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, qnrS, tetW, sulI, and ermB). The highest frequencies of resistance in the E. coli isolates were detected for ampicillin (35.1%) and ciprofloxacin (17.5%), followed by sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (15.7%), while 23% of enterococci isolates showed resistance to a single antibiotic, 20% against tetracycline and 3% against daptomycin. Through PCR analysis, 93% of the E. coli strains showed the blaTEM and sulI resistance genes. Among the enterococci, the presence of the blaTEM gene was detected in 40% of the isolates, while the rest of the genes were present at very low rates. Among the water samples, 57% were positive for at least one of the tested genes, italic format with blaTEM being the most commonly found gene (47%), followed by the qnrS (33%) and sulI (23%) genes. These results show that seawater, in addition to being subjected to a high rate of fecal contamination, can contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The unique physicochemical properties of metallic and magnetic nanowires, whether obtained in well-ordered arrays or as single, isolated, and free-standing structures from patterned templates, have been extensively studied for various technological applications. These applications include magnetic data storage, sensing, biolabeling, barcoding, among many others. Novel template-assisted methods for the synthesis of metallic nanowires offer an enhancement over the control of their shape and morphology, compositional uniformity, and interconnectivity, allowing them for being applied as new metamaterials for novel multifunctional applications. Within this critical review, an extensive overview focused on the synthesis and characterization of the particular properties exhibited by multilayered and multisegmented metallic nanowires having specifically controlled geometries and compositional graded designs through employing electrochemical techniques based on sacrificial nanoporous alumina template-assisted methods, is presented. We review recent advancements in designing synthesis protocols for fabricating new metallic nanowires with multifunctional applications. These protocols offer competitive fabrication costs compared to conventional laboratory procedures, potentially expanding their use in various research areas. In this review, we also establish the new challenges and suggest the future perspectives and expectations that will be covered by these new metamaterial-based nanowires.

ObjectivesTo investigate the use of once-weekly semaglutide in a real population of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in three Spanish hospitals.MethodAn observational, retrospective and multicenter clinical study was designed that included 166 participants with T2DM, distinguishing between a group naïve to GLP-1RA (n=72) and another switching from another GLP-1RA (n=94), all managed in the outpatient clinical setting. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline to the end of the study. The secondary endpoints included changes in body weight and the proportion of people with T2DM, achieving HbA1c 5%.ResultsAfter 24 months of follow-up, the reductions in HbA1c were -0.91 ± 0.7% (p

Currently universities need to be competitive. The current environment forces universities to design strategies where the student becomes the center of their activity. Elements such as student satisfaction become key performance indicators of the strategy, so that universities are required to establish metrics that make it possible to measure the level of performance achieved based on the objectives they had previously set. In order to verify it, through a series of dimensions that measure the satisfaction of the teaching-learning process, a scale has been proposed to measure satisfaction. To confirm the consistency of the proposed scale, the reliability and validity indicators of the same were verified. The selected sample corresponds to university students studying undergraduate and master’s degrees in the online mode. Results obtained show the importance of correctly setting the objectives and contents of the different subjects that make up the curricula of each grade, as well as the outstanding role that the teacher has in said process.

Fresh fruits and vegetables are potential reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance determinants, but few studies have focused specifically on organic vegetables. The present study aimed to determine the presence of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)- and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria on fresh organic vegetables produced in the city of Valencia (Spain). Main expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-encoding genes were also detected in the isolates. One hundred and fifteen samples were analyzed using selective media supplemented with cefotaxime and meropenem. Resistance assays for twelve relevant antibiotics in medical use were performed using a disc diffusion test. A total of 161 isolates were tested. Overall, 33.5% presented multidrug resistance and 16.8% were resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics tested. Imipenem resistance was observed in 18% of isolates, and low resistance levels were found to ceftazidime and meropenem. Opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter spp., Raoultella sp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were detected, all presenting high rates of resistance. PCR assays revealed blaVIM to be the most frequently isolated ESBL-encoding gene, followed by blaTEM and blaOXA-48. These results confirm the potential of fresh vegetables to act as reservoirs for 3GC- and carbapenem-producing ARB. Further studies must be carried out to determine the impact of raw organic food on the spread of AMRs into the community.

El artículo describe la relevancia de la integración de jóvenes de los grupos étnicos gitano y no gitano, en riesgo de exclusión social, utilizando como núcleo central los valores humanos y la transdisciplinaridad. El principal objetivo es la inclusión de la educación en valores en la educación conceptual, intelectual, emocional y práctica del curriculum, de modo que la importancia de los valores trascienda al contexto familiar, social y cultural. A partir de referentes teóricos de la educación, la sociología y la teoría de sistemas (Freire, Bordieu, Morin, Nicolescu) la metodología parte de los modelos que integran paradigmas objetivistas, subjetivistas y crítico. El principal resultado de este enfoque es una formación y una capacitación sistemática en valores en el ámbito de una educación formal inclusiva y participativa.

The business world is facing a very complicated situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Small- and medium-sized companies (SMEs)—both in Spain and at the global level—are seeing their survival jeopardized by a fall in revenues. This scenario is aggravated in the case of micro-SMEs headed by female entrepreneurs. Accordingly, micro-SMEs, particularly those led by female entrepreneurs, need to reinvent themselves to overcome the current adversities that could lead to the destruction of their businesses and hence their jobs. One of the ways to do this is to take advantage of digital transformation. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze which variables influence the financial results of female-led Spanish micro-SMEs when they carry out social marketing actions. For that purpose, an online survey was designed and analyzed using the “PROCESS” macro. Results show that social media marketing actions have significant effects on financial performance.

The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants for the intention to adopt mobile technology as a data collection methodology in market research projects. A conceptual framework was developed using the technology-organization-environment (TOE) model to identify technological factors (perceived benefits and limitations), organizational factors (open attitude toward change, professional competence, satisfaction with traditional systems, and firm size), and environmental factors (industry pressure, client pressure, and participant pressure) affecting adoption. The empirical study was performed with data from 67 firms in the Spanish market research industry, which were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS). The results suggest that only organizational and environmental factors have a significant influence on adoption. Key factors include professional competence, organizational openness, satisfaction with traditional and online methodologies, and pressure from industry, clients and survey participants. The findings reveal that technological characteristics are no longer a driver, as firms are starting to adopt mobile marketing research based on its greater convenience for participants, and as an element of strategic differentiation.

Downregulation of the T cell system has been proposed as a mechanism to block immunity in colonic cancer (CC). However, little has been studied about circulating αβ and γδ T cells and their immunological status in newly diagnosed patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the αβ and γδ T cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with CC matched with healthy volunteers. In this prospective case-control study, blood samples were obtained from 96 patients with newly diagnosed treatment-naïve infiltrating colonic adenocarcinoma and 48 healthy volunteers. Pathological report at surgery was obtained from all CC patients. A significant decrease in CD3+ γδ T cells and CD3+CD8+ γδ T cells (p

The association between breakfast quality and total diet quality of children and adolescents ((1–17.9 years (n = 1570)) from the National Dietary Survey on the Child and Adolescent Population in Spain (ENALIA) was analyzed. Dietary information was collected using two non–consecutive one–day food diaries (1–10 years old) or two 24 h dietary recalls (>10 years). Breakfast quality index (BQI) and a variant of Nutrient Rich Foods index (NRF9.3) were calculated to assess the total diet quality. Children and adolescents who had breakfast on at least one day (n = 1561) were divided into two groups according to BQI: Worse Quality Breakfast (WQB) (BQI < 4 points (P66), n = 781) and Good Quality Breakfast (GQB) (BQI ≥ 4, n = 780). Younger children and those whose parents have university education presented higher BQI. GQB group had significantly higher intakes of micronutrients (vitamins A, D, C, B1, B2, B6, niacin, folate, calcium, potassium, magnesium). Fewer GQB children exceeded the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat and had folate and calcium intakes below their estimated average requirement. Daily NRF9.3 was 496.2 ± 54.0, being higher in GQB (503.8 ± 50.6 vs. 488.6 ± 56.2, p < 0.001). Increasing the quality of breakfast increased the possibility of having a NRF9.3 higher than P50 (OR: 1.893, CI: 1.549–2.315, p < 0.0001). Breakfasts have room for quality improvement in a high percentage of children. A higher quality breakfast is associated with a benefit in the quality of the total diet.

Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified milks, here called “adapted milks” (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied, milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products, and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still below the AI), independent of age.

Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit del Premio Estudios Financieros 2017 en la modalidad de Educación y Nuevas Tecnologías. El auge de la universidad online plantea muchas cuestiones relacionadas con la competitividad y permanencia a largo plazo de este tipo de instituciones. Desde esta perspectiva, uno de los aspectos que puede contribuir a incrementar su competitividad a largo plazo es la experiencia de los clientes, en este caso, los estudiantes. Teniendo como antecedentes estas ideas previas, este estudio analiza los factores determinantes de la experiencia de los clientes en los servicios electrónicos. En concreto, el objetivo consiste en definir y cuantificar la influencia que la calidad del sitio web y la marca universidad ejercen sobre la experiencia de los estudiantes de una universidad virtual. El análisis empírico realizado –utilizando PLS-SEM (partial least squares-structural equation modeling)– ha permitido poner de manifiesto que la marca de la universidad es el factor que más influye sobre la experiencia del estudiante. Por otro lado, se observa que la influencia ejercida por el entorno web donde se ofrece el servicio es menor. De las tres dimensiones identificadas, la calidad del sistema es la que ejerce una mayor influencia, seguida de la calidad de la relación, la cual viene moderada por el rol ejercido por el personal del staff universitario.

Techniques to reduce the emission of air pollutants from livestock production are demanded. In this study, the effect of an additive (calcium superphosphate) on gas emissions from rabbit manure was investigated and compared with a control where no additive was used. Calcium superphosphate was applied at a rate of 100 g/m2 per week in a manure pit during 2 cycles of growing rabbits. Manure samples were collected weekly and then chemically and microbiologically analysed. Gas emissions (ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) were determined in 2 open flux chambers. No differences were observed in gas emissions between the treated and control samples except for ammonia emissions, which were reduced by 33% when the additive was applied (P

In addition to the deleterious effect on health, there is considerable economic and psychosocial morbidity associated with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). Also, the cost of a late diagnosis frequently results in a heavy disease burden on the patient. The objective of this study was to collect and analyze data on patients with PID in the state of Guanajuato in Mexico, to indirectly estimate the burden of the disease.An observational, longitudinal, and comparative study was conducted. A total of 44 patients were included and grouped according to the updated classification of PID.The median time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to the reference and diagnosis by a tertiary hospital was of 2.17 (IQR = 6.44) years. Before diagnosis, the number of hospitalizations/year per patient was 0.86 (IQR = 2.28), the number of visit to emergency room/year per patient was 0.92 (IQR = 1.77), the number of doctor's visits/year per patient was 15 (IQR = 11.25), whereas the school/work absence days per patient were reported in 52.72 (IQR = 56.35) days per year. After diagnosis, 20 patients (45.45%) received IVIG replacement therapy, and all of them presented a significant improvement (p

A fin de apoyar de forma efectiva a los emprendedores, las incubadoras desarrollan una oferta de programas de soporte a la creación de empresas acorde a las necesidades de las que resultan acogidas. La supervivencia y el éxito de las incubadoras dependen de la valoración recibida por estos programas, de tal modo que identificar los factores influyentes en la valoración realizada por emprendedores será clave en su proceso de gestión estratégica. El análisis de una muestra de 29 microempresas instaladas en diferentes incubadoras de Cataluña (España), evidencia la existencia de ciertos factores que influyen notablemente en la valoración de los diferentes programas de apoyo ofrecidos. Su análisis también permite establecer la existencia de diferencias importantes en los niveles de significación de cada factor, en función del grado de especialización del programa evaluado. Un incremento en el grado de orientación hacia el mercado, una especialización su oferta de programas de apoyo atendiendo al tipo de empresa y al perfil del emprendedor, y el establecimiento de una estrecha relación entre la institución y las redes de emprendedores, son algunas de las formulas estratégicas recomendadas para garantizar la supervivencia y la sostenibilidad de la incubadora a través del tiempo.

From the initial consideration of the store attributes that the marketing literature has identified as key in order that grocery retailers manage to design their differentiation strategies, this work identifies the main factors underlying the above mentioned attributes. The goal is to analyze which of these factors exert a bigger influence on the highest level of customer satisfaction. With this intention, we have examined a sample of 422 consumers who had carried out their purchase in different types of store formats in Spain, considering the influence of feature advertising on the clientele behavior. Interesting conclusions related to the aspects that most impact on the maximum level of customer satisfaction depending on the influence of feature advertising stem from this work.

Este trabajo analiza el proceso de adopción de una innovación concreta por parte del consumidor final –en este caso, el uso y la adopción de Internet como canal de información y de compra– en la adquisición de un servicio. En concreto, se considera un servicio turístico de características muy particulares, como es la reserva de una pernoctación hotelera. La elección de este producto intangible resulta una gran contribución a la literatura relevante, no solo por la escasez de trabajos previos que hayan analizado este tipo de servicios, sino también por la importancia clave que el sector turístico posee en el ámbito geográfico donde el estudio se ha llevado a cabo. Para ello, tomando como base el modelo TAM, se ha tratado de analizar la influencia de ciertos factores económicos como son las señales de calidad y la confianza sobre las intenciones de compra. Los resultados obtenidos utilizando una muestra de 759 internautas que, siendo turistas potenciales no han adquirido el servicio, han puesto de manifiesto la importancia que tiene en las intenciones de compra del consumidor las normas subjetivas, la utilidad percibida, la confianza hacia el sitio web y las señales emitidas por las empresas para mitigar las asimetrías de información. De este trabajo se desprenden interesantes conclusiones que contribuyen a una mejor introducción y gestión de Internet como canal de información y venta por parte de las empresas.

The private label is undergoing a process of relevant growth in our country, es pecially in food markets. Within this research field, the present work aims at analysing the current situation as well as the future trends in the distribution of private labels by food retailers. Bearing this goal in mind, the private label penetration within different product categories will be analysed, providing explanations in order to understand the observed tendencies.

El presente trabajo analiza si la orientación proactiva hacia el cliente mostrada por las empresas, y sus implicaciones estratégicas, en cuanto al desarrollo de acciones de cooperación externa y uso de las TIC, inhiben o potencian el desarrollo de nuevos productos. El estudio de 1 220 empresas permitió contrastar las hipótesis planteadas a la vez de ofrecer importantes implicaciones para la gestión empresarial. De esta forma, el desarrollo de estrategias destinadas a ofrecer de forma continuada valor al cliente, y, a la vez, apostar por la cooperación con los agentes del entorno y por el uso intensivo de las TIC, confiere a la empresa la posibilidad de obtener importantes capacidades fundamentadas en la diferenciación de los productos en el mercado, la obtención de información y conocimientos relevantes para los procesos de toma de decisión o la posibilidad de responder rápidamente ante las amenazas del mercado. Asimismo, el efecto potenciador ejercido por las variables anteriores sobre el desarrollo de una actividad innovadora en producto, ofrece importantes beneficios de naturaleza financiera, estratégica y de mercado que permite a las organizaciones fortalecer y consolidar su posición competitiva en los mercados.

La potenciación por parte de la Unión Europea y de los gobiernos nacionales del empleo de Indicadores Geográficos de Calidad, entre ellos las Denominaciones de Origen (DO), ofrece a las empresas agroalimentarias una importante oportunidad para diferenciarse y posicionarse en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. Fundamentado en el conocimiento que de la misma presenta el consumidor, la imagen constituye una fuente real de ventajas competitivas, dada su probada capacidad para influir en las dimensiones cognitivas, afectivas y conductuales del comportamiento humano. El presente trabajo plantea un análisis conceptual y empírico sobre el proceso de formación y composición de la imagen de marca de las DO. Los resultados del estudio de una muestra de trescientos consumidores de vino, confirman la existencia de una imagen genérica para todas las DO, cuyas dimensiones se vinculan fuertemente a la cultura productiva de la zona de procedencia.