25 results on '"Amund H"'
Search Results
2. Replication Report: Concentration Bias in Intertemporal Choice
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Deer, Lachlan, Ellingsrud, Sigmund, Kordt, Amund H., and Heuer, Felix
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computational replication ,concentration bias ,ddc:330 ,D01 ,intertemporal choice ,D9 ,laboratory experiment - Abstract
Dertwinkel-Kalt et al. (2022) examine the effect of concentration bias - the tendency to overweight advantages that are concentrated in time relative to costs that are spread over multiple time periods - on intertemporal choice in a laboratory experiment. In their preferred empirical specification, the authors report that concentration bias leads to a 22.4% higher willingness to work than explained by a standard model of intertemporal discounting. We conduct a computational replication of the main results of the paper using the same procedures and original data. Our results confirm the sign, magnitude and statistical significance of the author’s reported estimates across each of their five main findings.
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- 2023
3. Dysfunctional B cell and interferon signaling in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
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Bergithe E. Oftedal, Øyvind Bruserud, Amund H. Berger, Sarah Braun, Nicolas Delaleu, David Dolan, Ellen C. Royrvik, Haydee Artaza, Anthony Meager, Eystein S. Husebye, and Anette S.B. Wolff
- Abstract
Purpose: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-1) is a devastating autoimmune disease characterised by mutations in the AIRE gene. Because of failure of negative selection, these patients produce autoreactive B and T cells against affected tissues, which lead to a range of autoimmune manifestations. The rarity of APS-1 and inaccessibility of thymic tissue have limited immunological studies. We here hypothesized that lack of AIRE expression in thymus affect immune cells in blood. Methods: Whole blood microarray analysis (N=16 APS-I patients vs 16 controls) and qPCR of molecules in affected pathways. Single cell sequencing of naïve B cells and flow cytometry analysis of a B cell panel in PBMCs to investigate properties of B cells in APS-I patients compared to age and sex matched healthy controls. Results: We here show significant downregulation of B cell and IFN-I responses in APS-I patients compared to healthy donors in microarray and system biology deconvolution experiments. Single B cell transcriptomics support downregulation of several of the same molecules including CD74, CD40 and CD79A. Flow cytometry protein experiments revealed an imbalance of plasma (higher) vs transitional B cells (lower) in APS-I patients, followed up by a lower level of CD79b within transitional B cells in patients, but a non-consistent higher level of CD74 within this subset. Conclusion: We found disturbances in blood immune cell subsets from APS-I patients. Harmonious lower blood cell levels of the B-cell associated CD79A/B were found compared to healthy controls, but further studies are needed to verify the consistency of our findings.
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- 2022
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4. Dysfunctional B cell and interferon signaling in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
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Oftedal, Bergithe E., primary, Bruserud, Øyvind, additional, Berger, Amund H., additional, Braun, Sarah, additional, Delaleu, Nicolas, additional, Dolan, David, additional, Royrvik, Ellen C., additional, Artaza, Haydee, additional, Meager, Anthony, additional, Husebye, Eystein S., additional, and Wolff, Anette S.B., additional
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- 2022
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5. BRCA1 Norway: comparison of classifcation for BRCA1 germline variants detected in families with suspected hereditary breast and ovarian cancer between different laboratories
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Henrikke N. Hovland, Rafal Al-Adhami, Sarah Louise Ariansen, Marijke Van Ghelue, Wenche Sjursen, Sigrid Lima, Marte Bolstad, Amund H. Berger, Hildegunn Høberg-Vetti, Per Knappskog, Bjørn Ivar Haukanes, Ingvild Aukrust, and Elisabet Ognedal
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Ovarian Neoplasms ,BRCA2 Protein ,Cancer Research ,BRCA1 Protein ,Genes, BRCA1 ,Breast Neoplasms ,Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial ,Germ Cells ,Oncology ,Genetics ,Humans ,Female ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genetic Testing ,Laboratories ,Genetics (clinical) ,Germ-Line Mutation - Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) predispose carriers to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Through genetic testing of patients with suspected HBOC an increasing number of novel BRCA1 variants are discovered. This creates a growing need to determine the clinical significance of these variants through correct classification (class 1–5) according to established guidelines. Here we present a joint collection of all BRCA1 variants of class 2–5 detected in the four diagnostic genetic laboratories in Norway. The overall objective of the study was to generate an overview of all BRCA1 variants in Norway and unveil potential discrepancies in variant interpretation between the hospitals, serving as a quality control at the national level. For a subset of variants, we also assessed the change in classification over a ten-year period with increasing information available. In total, 463 unique BRCA1 variants were detected. Of the 126 variants found in more than one hospital, 70% were interpreted identically, while 30% were not. The differences in interpretation were mainly by one class (class 2/3 or 4/5), except for one larger discrepancy (class 3/5) which could affect the clinical management of patients. After a series of digital meetings between the participating laboratories to disclose the cause of disagreement for all conflicting variants, the discrepancy rate was reduced to 10%. This illustrates that variant interpretation needs to be updated regularly, and that data sharing and improved national inter-laboratory collaboration greatly improves the variant classification and hence increases the accuracy of cancer risk assessment.
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- 2022
6. Patient-Tailored Levothyroxine Dosage with Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling: A Novel Approach After Total Thyroidectomy
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Vegard Heimly Brun, Renate Kollevåg Vik, Lars Hellemo, Benedicte Davidsen, Kenth Johansson, Ruth Selseth, Amund H Eriksen, and Michal Kaut
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Male ,Goiter ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Thyrotropin ,pharmacokinetic modeling ,Original Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,levothyroxine dosage ,Drug Dosage Calculations ,patient tailored ,Prospective Studies ,Thyroid cancer ,education.field_of_study ,Norway ,Middle Aged ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Endocrinology: 774 ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,thyroidectomy ,Female ,Drug Monitoring ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Endokrinologi: 774 ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Algorithms ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system ,Hormone Replacement Therapy ,Population ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Levothyroxine ,Urology ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Decision Support Techniques ,03 medical and health sciences ,decision aid tool ,Hypothyroidism ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Sweden ,business.industry ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Oncology: 762 ,Thyroidectomy ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Pharmacometrics ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Onkologi: 762 ,Thyroxine ,Every Six Weeks ,business ,Biomarkers ,Thyroid Dysfunction: Hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, and Thyroid Function Tests - Abstract
Background: After seven decades of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy, dosage adjustment still takes several months. We have developed a decision aid tool (DAT) that models LT4 pharmacometrics and enables patient-tailored dosage. The aim of this was to speed up dosage adjustments for patients after total thyroidectomy. Methods: The DAT computer program was developed with a group of 46 patients post-thyroidectomy, and it was then applied in a prospective randomized multicenter validation trial in 145 unselected patients admitted for total thyroidectomy for goiter, differentiated thyroid cancer, or thyrotoxicosis. The LT4 dosage was adjusted after only two weeks, with or without application of the DAT, which calculated individual free thyroxine (fT4) targets based on four repeated measurements of fT4 and thyrotropin (TSH) levels. The individual TSH target was either Results: When clinicians were guided by the DAT, 40% of patients with goiter and 59% of patients with cancer satisfied the narrow TSH targets eight weeks after surgery, as compared with only 0% and 19% of the controls, respectively. The TSH was within the normal range in 80% of DAT/goiter patients eight weeks after surgery as compared with 19% of controls. The DAT shortened the average dosage adjustment period by 58 days in the goiter group and 40 days in the cancer group. For thyrotoxic patients, application of the simplified DAT did not improve the dosage adjustment. Conclusions: Application of the DAT in combination with early postoperative TSH and fT4 monitoring offers a fast approach to LT4 dosage after total thyroidectomy for patients with goiter or differentiated thyroid cancer. Estimation of individual TSH-fT4 dynamics was crucial for the model to work, as removal of this feature in the applied model for thyrotoxic patients also removed the benefit of the DAT.
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- 2021
7. Patient-Tailored Levothyroxine Dosage with Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling: A Novel Approach After Total Thyroidectomy
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Brun, Vegard Heimly, primary, Eriksen, Amund H., additional, Selseth, Ruth, additional, Johansson, Kenth, additional, Vik, Renate, additional, Davidsen, Benedicte, additional, Kaut, Michal, additional, and Hellemo, Lars, additional
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- 2021
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8. A partial form of AIRE deficiency underlies a mild form of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
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Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal, Amund Holte Berger, Øyvind Bruserud, Yael Goldfarb, Andre Sulen, Lars Breivik, Alexander Hellesen, Shifra Ben-Dor, Rebecca Haffner-Krausz, Per M. Knappskog, Stefan Johansson, Anette S.B. Wolff, Eirik Bratland, Jakub Abramson, and Eystein Sverre Husebye
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Autoimmunity ,Endocrinology ,Medicine - Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Most patients present with severe chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and organ-specific autoimmunity from early childhood, but the clinical picture is highly variable. AIRE is crucial for negative selection of T cells, and scrutiny of different patient mutations has previously highlighted many of its molecular mechanisms. In patients with a milder adult-onset phenotype sharing a mutation in the canonical donor splice site of intron 7 (c.879+1G>A), both the predicted altered splicing pattern with loss of exon 7 (AireEx7–/–) and normal full-length AIRE mRNA were found, indicating leaky rather than abolished mRNA splicing. Analysis of a corresponding mouse model demonstrated that the AireEx7–/– mutant had dramatically impaired transcriptional capacity of tissue-specific antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells but still retained some ability to induce gene expression compared with the complete loss-of-function AireC313X–/– mutant. Our data illustrate an association between AIRE activity and the severity of autoimmune disease, with implications for more common autoimmune diseases associated with AIRE variants, such as primary adrenal insufficiency, pernicious anemia, type 1 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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- 2023
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9. Pediatric renal trauma: 17 years of experience at a major Scandinavian trauma center
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Paal Aksel Naess, Christine Gaarder, Amund Hovengen Ringen, Nils Oddvar Skaga, and André Fatland
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Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Background Children are at increased risk of renal injuries from blunt trauma due to their anatomic constitution. The kidney is injured in 5–20% of pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma. During the last decades, the management of pediatric renal injuries has evolved toward non-operative management (NOM) unless the patient is hemodynamically compromised. The aim of the present study was to assess contemporary treatment strategies and evaluate outcomes in pediatric patients with renal injuries admitted to a major Scandinavian trauma center.Methods A retrospective cohort study of all trauma patients under 18 years admitted to our institution from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2019 with main focus on patients with renal injury. Outcomes for two time periods were compared, 2003–2009 (Period 1; P1) and 2010–2019 (Period 2; P2), and the study cohort was also stratified into age groups, survivors and non-survivors and severity of renal injury.Results In total, there were 4230 pediatric patients included in Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry during this 17-year period and of these 115 (2.7%) had a renal injury. Nephrectomy was performed in four (3.5%) of the patients, angiographic embolization five (4.3%) and ureteral stent placement was performed in six patients (5.2%) due to urinary extravasation. Seven patients died, implying a crude mortality of 6.1%, with one exception secondary to traffic-related incidents. None of the deaths were attributed to renal injury and mortality fell to 1.2% in P2.Discussion This study on contemporary pediatric renal trauma care is one of the largest from a single institution outside the USA. Our results clearly show that NOM, including minimally invasive procedures in selected cases, is achievable in more than 90% of cases with low mortality and morbidity.Level of evidence Level IV.
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- 2023
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10. Tillitsmodellen – erfaringer med mini-pilotering av selvstyrende team i tre bydeler i Oslo kommune
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Eide, Tom, Nilsen, Etty, Gullslett, Monika Knudsen, Aaberge, Amund H., and Eide, Hilde
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Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Health service and health administration research: 806 [VDP] - Abstract
Tillitsmodellen skal utfordre bestiller/utfører-modellen. Forprosjektet som denne studien er en del av skulle prøve ut nye modeller for hjemmetjenesten hvor fagpersonene myndiggjøres og gis større ansvar for tjenestene til den enkelte. Tjenestene skulle være helhetlige og sees i en sammenheng uten detaljstyring. Forslag til minipiloter ble utviklet i en inkluderende prosess. Mini-piloteringen har bestått i å prøve ut tverrfaglige, selvstyrende team i tre bydeler. FØLGEFORSKNINGENS PROBLEMSTILLING Hva er erfaringene med minipilotene i hjemmetjenestene i de tre bydelene? • Hvilke endringer av tjenestene ble prøvd ut i minipilotene? • Hvilke forventninger til Tillitsmodellen hadde medarbeidere før oppstart? • Hvilke ønsker om endringer hadde tjenestemottagerne før oppstart av piloteringen? • Hvilke erfaringer har teammedlemmene og ledelsen med piloteringen? • Hvilke skal til for at Tillitsmodellen skal fungere etter hensikten? METODIKK For å besvare problemstillingene og legge et kunnskapsgrunnlag for anbefalinger har vi utledet erfaringskriterier for Tillitsmodellen (hva Tillitsmodellen var tenkt å være og resultere i) på bakgrunn av materialet som kommunen har gjort tilgjengelig (rapporter, strateginotater, prosess- og møtereferater, etc), nasjonale føringer og forskning om hjemmetjenester, tjenesteutvikling, etikk og tillit i organisasjoner. Datainnsamling er gjort gjennom spørreundersøkelser (brukere og medarbeidere), observasjon på teammøter, deltagende observasjon på workshops og seminarer, og samtaler og intervjuer med medarbeidere og prosjektleder. KONKLUSJONER Forventningene til Tillitsmodellen var høye før oppstart. Etter å ha fulgt utviklingen av og arbeidet i minipilotene over en periode på ca. åtte måneder finner vi at erfaringene med mini-piloteringen er svært lovende med tanke på hovedpilotering og eventuell implementering. Brukerorientering – brukernes trygghet øker Erfaringene med økt brukerorientering – å ta utgangspunkt i hva som er viktig for brukerne og å være færre personer per bruker – er svært positive: • brukernes opplevelse av tillit og trygghet øker (signifikant) mot slutten av perioden • team-medarbeiderne opplever å bli bedre kjent med brukerne og deres behov • tjenestene blir mer fleksible og kan justeres etter endret behov Selvstyring og tverrfaglighet i team – motivasjon og læring øker Selvstyring og tverrfaglighet er prøvd ut et stykke på vei, og teamenes erfaringer med dette er udelt positive: • det skaper ny forståelse for hva som er viktig for brukerne • det oppleves som meningsfullt og motiverende • det stimulerer erfaringsdeling og læring på tvers av fag
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- 2017
11. Elveeiernes syn på fiskerett, laksefiske og lakseforvaltning i Orkla og Verdalselva
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Stensland, Stian, Fossgard, Knut, Kristiansen, Amund H., Navrud, Ståle, and Aas, Øystein
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fiskereguleringer ,Atlantic salmon ,fishing tourism ,betalingsvillighet ,sportsfiske ,spørreundersøkelser ,survey ,fisketurisme ,sportfishing ,fishery regulations ,Atlantisk laks ,willingness to pay - Abstract
Laksefisket i Norge er i endring med strengere fiskereguleringer i mange elver f.o.m. 2010 av. Dette som følge av svakere laksestammer. Samtidig endrer elveeiernes forhold til fiskeretten seg når stadig større del av inntekta deres genereres utenfor (landbruks-)eiendommen. Formålet med denne rapporten er å dokumentere metoden vi har brukt for innhenting av data i en spørreundersøkelse sendt samtlige elveeiere i Orkla og Verdalselva per post eller epost vinteren-våren 2013. Videre gir vi en oversikt over svarfordeling og hovedresultater fra enkeltspørsmålene i spørreundersøkelsen. I Verdalselva fikk vi inn 77 svar av utsendte 135, en svarprosent på 57,0. I Orkla fikk 226 svar av 368 (61,4 %). Totalt sett fikk vi 303 svar av 503 og en svarprosent på 60,2. En ikke-svarundersøkelse antydet at Orklaelveeierne som ikke svarte på hovedundersøkelsen kan skille seg noe ut fra de svarene vi har fått inn. Elveeierne utgjør en svært variert gruppe med ulik interesse for og involvering i lakseforvaltning og laksefiske, hvor om lag 2/3 ikke fisket laks selv i 2012 sesongen. Også lengde på fiskerett, utleieform og inntekter fra laksefiske varierer mye mellom elveeierne og mellom de to elvene. I Orkla og Verdalselva var det henholdsvis 21 % og 53 % av elveeierne som ikke hadde noen omsetning fra laksefisket i 2012. At elveeierne i Orkla la større vekt på økonomiske målsettinger med fiskeretten enn hva de i Verdal gjorde skyldes trolig store forskjeller i inntekter mellom elvene. Elveeierne så stort sett ut til å være enige i de offisielle bestandstallene for vassdragene, eller svarte at de ikke visste (> 50 %). Mange elveeiere har liten interesse for lakseforvaltning og det er dermed naturlig også av den grunn til å stole på forvaltningens vurderinger. Synet på gjenutsetting er delt og sammensatt. På en side er det et flertall som mener at gjenutsetting styrker fiskebestandene, mens samtidig er relativt mange (35 %) som mener at gjenutsetting er dyreplageri. Å minke problemene med lakselus og rømminger fra oppdrettsnæringa, var det tiltaket som ble gitt høyest prioritet for å styrke fiskebestandene. Dette er i tråd med det som det vitenskapelige rådet for lakseforvaltning har sagt er den største trusselen mot fiskebestandene. Samtidig er det i lag med en del andre høyt prioriterte tiltak, et tiltak som ikke rammer egen utleie. Av den grunn kan det være noe mer populært enn andre tiltak som kan ramme egen fiskeutleie (eks. fang- og slipp, fangstrestriksjoner og innkorting av fisketid i elv). Resultatene om fang-og-slipp og utsetting av lakseunger viser at det er et behov for mer og bedre kommunikasjon mellom forskere, forvaltning og elveeiere om effekten av ulike tiltak på fiskestammene. Fellesforvaltninga i Orkla kommer bedre ut en den i Verdal når det gjelder å (i) ivareta grunneiernes interesser i fiskeforvaltninga, (ii) sette fiskeregler som ivaretar laksestammen i vassdraget, og (iii) gi for lite informasjon om forvaltninga i elva. Det er naturlig å tro at det at Orkla har eget sekretariat med et fullt årsverk, mens Verdalselva drives på frivillig basis, spiller inn her. I Orkla der lakseturismen er best utviklet var nettoinntektene for 2012 (33.000 kr) om lag halvparten av omsetninga av laksefisket (62.000 kr). Tilsvarende tall for Verdal var 4 540 kr og 3 378 kr. Flere elveeiere i Orkla enn i Verdal tilbyr overnattingsmuligheter og fiskeguiding. Kun noen få elveeiere tilbyr servering. Resultatene speiler at det er vanligst å la fiskerne klare seg selv mest mulig med sjølhushold (uten mat og guiding), og dette «produktet» kan både gjenspeile at arbeidskraften er dyr eller har en bedre anvendelse andre steder for husholdningen, men også mangel på kompetanse blant elveeierne. Laksefiske var prioritert lavt som inntektsstrategi for husholdningene, men høyere i Orkla der inntektene er større enn i Verdalselva. Arbeid utenfor eiendommen var høyest prioriterte inntekststrategi. Laksefisket og fiskeretten har for elveeierne en verdi langt utover inntektsstrømmen det genererer. Den gjennomsnittlige minste årlige kompensasjonen (63 075 kr.) elveeierne i de to vassdragene måtte ha for at elva skulle stå stengt i ti år ligger langt over årlig netto gjennomsnittsinntekt fra fisket i 2012 (25 524 kr). Samlet nåverdi av tapt fiske i en 10- årsperiode for elveeierne i Verdal og Orkla blir da henholdsvis 45 og 221 millioner kr. Store forskjeller mellom elveeierne er en utfordring for samarbeid og samhandling i lakseforvaltningen, og ikke minst for utvikling av fisketurisme. Elveeiernes nøkterne og til dels pessimistiske syn på framtidig fiskebestand og inntekter fra laksefisket, gir en viss grunn til bekymring for utvikling av fisketurismen.
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- 2014
12. Landowners adaption to a change in salmon angling : goals, income and focus on salmon angling tourism
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Kristiansen, Amund H
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Egenskaper ved elveeierne ,Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Other fisheries disciplines: 929 [VDP] ,Laksefisketurisme - Abstract
Sammendrag Elveeierne er som tilbydere og tilretteleggere, er en viktig del av laksefisketurismen i Norge. De siste årene har dårligere fangster ført til strengere fiskeregler og kortere sesong i flere norske elver. Dette kan medføre inntektstap og endringer for elveeiere. Studien tar utgangspunkt i elveeierne i Orkla og Verdalselva ved Trondheimsfjorden. De har hatt ulik utvikling de siste årene. Orkla har hatt jevne fangster, mens nedkortet sesong har redusert fangstene i Verdalselva. Studien er kvantitativ og tar utgangspunkt i en spørreundersøkelse blant elveeierne. Det er også brukt data fra en spørreundersøkelse i 2008 for sammenligning. Formålet var å se på egenskaper ved elveeierne og eiendommen, målsetninger, inntekter og variasjon i faktorer som får elveeierne til å satse på laksefisketurisme. Analysene ble gjort i SPSS, med T-tester og regresjon. Funn viste nedgang i inntekter fra laksefiske, og flere forskjeller i utnyttelsen av fiskeretten mellom elvene og elveeierne. Studien diskuterer blant annet nedgang i inntekter, påvirkning av kortere fiskesesong og elveeiernes framtidssyn for satsning på laksefiske. Studien viser en nedgang i inntekter fra laksefisket i Verdalselva. Den viser også at elveeierne generelt heller vil prioritere å satse på næring utenfor eiendommen, enn laksefiske, for å sikre husholdningens inntekter i nærmeste framtid. Abstract Landowners as supplyers and organizers, are importer for the salmon angling tourism in Norway. In the recent years lower catching has led to stronger regulations and shorter seasons in several norwegian rivers. This can bring to losses in income and changes for the landowners. The study focuses on landowners in Orkla and Verdal in the Trondheimsfjord- region that have seen different development the recent years. Catching in Orkla has been stable, compared to shorter season and lower catching in Verdal. It’s a quantitative study using a questionnaire among landowners. Data from a similar questionnaire in 2008 has also been used for comparison. The purpose was to look at characteristics about the landowners and their properties, goals, income and variation in factors that make landowners using angling tourism as a strategy to secure the households income. Analyses for this study used t-tests and regression in SPSS. Findings showed a decrease in income from salmon angling, and several differences in the use of the fishing rights between both rivers and landowners. The study discusses the decrease from income, influence of a shorter season and the landowner’s vision for the future of salmon angling tourism. The study shows a decrease in income for the Verdal river. It also shows that landowners choose to put more faith in business outside the property, rather than salmon angling, to secure their future income for the household. Salmochange
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- 2013
13. Norwegian trauma team leaders - training and experience: A national point prevalence study
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Torben Wisborg, Magnus Hjortdahl, and Amund H Ringen
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leadership ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education ,Prevalence ,Traumatology ,Norwegian ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,leader experience ,Task (project management) ,Nursing ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Trauma team ,Trauma victims ,Original Research ,Patient Care Team ,training ,Norway ,non-technical skills ,business.industry ,lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Traumatology: 783 ,lcsh:RC86-88.9 ,language.human_language ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Traumatologi: 783 ,Workforce ,Emergency Medicine ,language ,Clinical Competence ,Clinical competence ,business - Abstract
Background The treatment of trauma victims is a complex multi-professional task in a stressful environment. We previously found that trauma team members perceive leadership as the most important human factor. The aim of the present study was to assess the experience and education of Norwegian trauma team leaders, and allow them to describe their perceived educational needs. Methods We conducted an anonymous descriptive study using a point prevalence methodology based on written questionnaires. All 45 hospitals in Norway receiving severely injured trauma victims were contacted on a randomly selected weeknight during November 2009. Team leaders were asked to specify what trauma related training programs they had participated in, how much experience they had, and what further training they wished, if any. Results Response rate was 82%. Slightly more than half of the team leaders were residents. The median working experience as a surgeon among team leaders was 7.5 years. Sixty-eight percent had participated in multi-professional training in non-technical skills, while 54% had passed the advanced trauma life support(ATLS) course. Fifty-one percent were trained in damage control surgery. A median of one course per team leader was needed to comply with the new proposed national standards. Team leaders considered training in damage control surgery the most needed educational objective. Conclusions Level of experience among team leaders was highly variable and their educational background insufficient according to international and proposed national standards. Proposed national standards should be urgently implemented to ensure equal access to high quality trauma care.
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- 2011
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14. Leadership is the essential non-technical skill in the trauma team - results of a qualitative study
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Torben Wisborg, Magnus Hjortdahl, Anne-Cathrine Naess, and Amund H Ringen
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Adult ,Male ,education ,MEDLINE ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Interviews as Topic ,Professional Competence ,Nursing ,Humans ,Trauma team ,Medicine ,Initial treatment ,Technical skills ,Original Research ,Cause of death ,Patient Care Team ,Norway ,business.industry ,lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Traumatology: 783 ,lcsh:RC86-88.9 ,Middle Aged ,Leadership ,Hospital treatment ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Traumatologi: 783 ,Emergency Medicine ,Wounds and Injuries ,Female ,business ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Background Trauma is the leading cause of death for young people in Norway. Studies indicate that several of these deaths are avoidable if the patient receives correct initial treatment. The trauma team is responsible for initial hospital treatment of traumatized patients, and team members have previously reported that non-technical skills as communication, leadership and cooperation are the major challenges. Better team function could improve patient outcome. The aim of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of which non-technical skills are important to members of the trauma team during initial examination and treatment of trauma patients. Methods Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted at four different hospitals of various sizes and with different trauma load. At each hospital a nurse, an anaesthesiologist and a team leader (surgeon) were interviewed. The conversations were transcribed and analyzed using systematic text condensation according to the principles of Giorgi's phenomenological analysis as modified by Malterud. Results and conclusion Leadership was perceived as an essential component in trauma management. The ideal leader should be an experienced surgeon, have extensive knowledge of trauma care, communicate clearly and radiate confidence. Team leaders were reported to have little trauma experience, and the team leaders interviewed requested more guidance and supervision. The need for better training of trauma teams and especially team leaders requires further investigation and action.
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- 2009
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15. GWAS for autoimmune Addison’s disease identifies multiple risk loci and highlights AIRE in disease susceptibility
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Daniel Eriksson, Ellen Christine Røyrvik, Maribel Aranda-Guillén, Amund Holte Berger, Nils Landegren, Haydee Artaza, Åsa Hallgren, Marianne Aardal Grytaas, Sara Ström, Eirik Bratland, Ileana Ruxandra Botusan, Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal, Lars Breivik, Marc Vaudel, Øyvind Helgeland, Alberto Falorni, Anders Palmstrøm Jørgensen, Anna-Lena Hulting, Johan Svartberg, Olov Ekwall, Kristian Johan Fougner, Jeanette Wahlberg, Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø, Per Dahlqvist, The Norwegian Addison Registry Study Group, The Swedish Addison Registry Study Group, Per Morten Knappskog, Anette Susanne Bøe Wolff, Sophie Bensing, Stefan Johansson, Olle Kämpe, and Eystein Sverre Husebye
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Autoimmune Addison’s disease is a rare complex disease, which has not yet been characterized by non-biased genetic studies. Here, the authors perform the first GWAS for the disease, identifying nine loci including two coding variants in the gene Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE).
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Transcriptional Changes in Regulatory T Cells From Patients With Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 Suggest Functional Impairment of Lipid Metabolism and Gut Homing
- Author
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Amund Holte Berger, Eirik Bratland, Thea Sjøgren, Marte Heimli, Torgeir Tyssedal, Øyvind Bruserud, Stefan Johansson, Eystein Sverre Husebye, Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal, and Anette Susanne Bøe Wolff
- Subjects
APS-1 ,autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 ,Tregs (regulatory T cells) ,RNAseq analysis ,transcriptomics ,flow cytometry ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-1) is a monogenic model disorder of organ-specific autoimmunity caused by mutations in the Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. AIRE facilitates the expression of organ-specific transcripts in the thymus, which is essential for efficient removal of dangerous self-reacting T cells and for inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs). Although reduced numbers and function of Tregs have been reported in APS-I patients, the impact of AIRE deficiency on gene expression in these cells is unknown. Here, we report for the first time on global transcriptional patterns of isolated Tregs from APS-1 patients compared to healthy subjects. Overall, we found few differences between the groups, although deviant expression was observed for the genes TMEM39B, SKIDA1, TLN2, GPR15, FASN, BCAR1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRA, GPSM3 and AKR1C3. Of significant interest, the consistent downregulation of GPR15 may indicate failure of Treg gut homing which could be of relevance for the gastrointestinal manifestations commonly seen in APS-1. Upregulated FASN expression in APS-1 Tregs points to increased metabolic activity suggesting a putative link to faulty Treg function. Functional studies are needed to determine the significance of these findings for the immunopathogenesis of APS-1 and for Treg immunobiology in general.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Leadership is the essential non-technical skill in the trauma team - results of a qualitative study
- Author
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Hjortdahl, Magnus, primary, Ringen, Amund H, additional, Naess, Anne-Cathrine, additional, and Wisborg, Torben, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Leadership is the essential human factor in the trauma team – results of a qualitative study
- Author
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Hjortdahl, Magnus, primary, Ringen, Amund H, additional, Næss, Anne-Cathrine, additional, and Wisborg, Torben, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Live Enrollment for Identity Documents in Europe: The Cases of Sweden, Norway, Kosovo, and Estonia
- Author
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Tarmo Kalvet, Henrik Karlzén, Amund Hunstad, and Marek Tiits
- Subjects
Identity document, live enrolment, social acceptance, public sector innovation, drivers and bar-riers ,Political science (General) ,JA1-92 - Abstract
Digital image alterations (morphing) of identity document photos is a major concern, and may potentially allow citizens with malicious intent to enroll for identity document(s) later in order to be used by another individual. Taking the photo in the application office —live enrollment —can address this issue. However, this is a break with tradition and entails a sizeable overhaul in the public sector, which can be reluctant to change and often lacks the necessary formal methods that ensure a smooth transition. The objective of this paper is to map the main barriers and drivers related to live enrollment based on theoretical research and interviews conducted with high-ranking officers at passport authorities in Estonia, Kosovo, Norway, and Sweden. These countries have successfully switched to live enrollment. The main motivation for live enrollment has been increased security; for Estonia, user convenience was important and was behind the decision of keeping alternative application processes for the citizens. The absence of legacy systems makes it easier to implement public sector innovations, such as live enrollment. Behind the successful implementation is proper risk management: covering technological, political, and organizational risks. Finally, the research results indicate varying experiences, obstacles, cultural differences, and trade-offs, while emphasizing the need to understand barriers and drivers in a contextualized way.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Improvement in geriatric trauma outcomes in an evolving trauma system
- Author
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Iver Anders Gaski, Paal Aksel Naess, Christine Gaarder, Amund Hovengen Ringen, Hege Rustad, and Nils Oddvar Skaga
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Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Background The elderly trauma patient has increased mortality compared with younger patients. During the last 15 years, initial treatment of severely injured patients at Oslo University Hospital Ulleval (OUHU) has changed resulting in overall improved outcomes. Whether this holds true for the elderly trauma population needs exploration and was the aim of the present study.Methods We performed a retrospective study of 2628 trauma patients 61 years or older admitted to OUHU during the 12-year period, 2002–2013. The population was stratified based on age (61–70 years, 71–80 years, 81 years and older) and divided into time periods: 2002–2009 (P1) and 2010–2013 (P2). Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify clinically relevant core variables correlated with mortality and trauma team activation rate.Results Crude mortality decreased from 19% in P1 to 13% in P2 (p
- Published
- 2019
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21. Feasibility of climate-optimized air traffic routing for trans-Atlantic flights
- Author
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Volker Grewe, Sigrun Matthes, Christine Frömming, Sabine Brinkop, Patrick Jöckel, Klaus Gierens, Thierry Champougny, Jan Fuglestvedt, Amund Haslerud, Emma Irvine, and Keith Shine
- Subjects
Aircraft routing ,Climate ,Ozone ,Contrails ,REACT4C ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Science ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Current air traffic routing is motivated by minimizing economic costs, such as fuel use. In addition to the climate impact of CO _2 emissions from this fuel use, aviation contributes to climate change through non-CO _2 impacts, such as changes in atmospheric ozone and methane concentrations and formation of contrail-cirrus. These non-CO _2 impacts depend significantly on where and when the aviation emissions occur. The climate impact of aviation could be reduced if flights were routed to avoid regions where emissions have the largest impact. Here, we present the first results where a climate-optimized routing strategy is simulated for all trans-Atlantic flights on 5 winter and 3 summer days, which are typical of representative winter and summer North Atlantic weather patterns. The optimization separately considers eastbound and westbound flights, and accounts for the effects of wind on the flight routes, and takes safety aspects into account. For all days considered, we find multiple feasible combinations of flight routes which have a smaller overall climate impact than the scenario which minimizes economic cost. We find that even small changes in routing, which increase the operating costs (mainly fuel) by only 1% lead to considerable reductions in climate impact of 10%. This cost increase could be compensated by market-based measures, if costs for non-CO _2 climate impacts were included. Our methodology is a starting point for climate-optimized flight planning, which could also be applied globally. Although there are challenges to implementing such a system, we present a road map with the steps to overcome these.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Leadership is the essential human factor in the trauma team – results of a qualitative study
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Anne-Cathrine Naess, Torben Wisborg, Magnus Hjortdahl, and Amund H Ringen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,education ,Alternative medicine ,Trauma care ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Hospital treatment ,Family medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,Medicine ,Initial treatment ,Trauma team ,Team leader ,Oral Presentation ,business ,Cause of death ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Trauma is the leading cause of death for young people in Norway [1]. Studies indicate that several of these deaths are avoidable if the patient receives correct initial treatment [2-4]. The trauma team is responsible for initial hospital treatment of traumatized patients, and team members have previously reported that non-technical skills as communication, leadership and cooperation are the major challenges [5]. Better team function could improve patient outcome. The aim of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of which human factors are important to members of the trauma team during initial examination and treatment of trauma patients.
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- View/download PDF
23. Antler development in reindeer in relation to age and sex
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Amund Høymork and Eigil Reimers
- Subjects
reindeer ,antler characteristic ,classification ,Norway ,Rangifer ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Yearling male and adult female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are similar in size and shape. If sexual clues are hidden, it can be difficult to distinguish between them. Antlers can be a useful aid in classifying yearling males and adult females, depending on whether specific antler characteristics are identifiable for these two groups. We recorded antler characteristics in a domestic reindeer herd (Vågå) and found considerable overlap in antler height, width and circumference between the different age and sex groups. Total tines and number of tine split-offs are use¬ful for the field biologist when discriminating among adult females, yearling males and 2.5 year-old males. For example, when using the tine split-offs with the suggested classification, 79% of the observed adult females and 76% of the yearling males were classified correctly. The antler height, width and circumference provide other biological dif¬ferences between groups, but are not easy to use to identify free ranging reindeer. This is due to the great overlap in antler size between the groups and measuring difficulties in a field study situation. Male and female calves have very similar antlers, and only the antler width is possible for sex discrimination, giving 67% accuracy of discriminating between these two groups.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Leadership is the essential non-technical skill in the trauma team - results of a qualitative study
- Author
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Naess Anne-Cathrine, Ringen Amund H, Hjortdahl Magnus, and Wisborg Torben
- Subjects
Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Background Trauma is the leading cause of death for young people in Norway. Studies indicate that several of these deaths are avoidable if the patient receives correct initial treatment. The trauma team is responsible for initial hospital treatment of traumatized patients, and team members have previously reported that non-technical skills as communication, leadership and cooperation are the major challenges. Better team function could improve patient outcome. The aim of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of which non-technical skills are important to members of the trauma team during initial examination and treatment of trauma patients. Methods Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted at four different hospitals of various sizes and with different trauma load. At each hospital a nurse, an anaesthesiologist and a team leader (surgeon) were interviewed. The conversations were transcribed and analyzed using systematic text condensation according to the principles of Giorgi's phenomenological analysis as modified by Malterud. Results and conclusion Leadership was perceived as an essential component in trauma management. The ideal leader should be an experienced surgeon, have extensive knowledge of trauma care, communicate clearly and radiate confidence. Team leaders were reported to have little trauma experience, and the team leaders interviewed requested more guidance and supervision. The need for better training of trauma teams and especially team leaders requires further investigation and action.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Feed-to-Fillet Transfer of Selenite and Selenomethionine Additives to Plant-Based Feeds to Farmed Atlantic Salmon Fillet.
- Author
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Berntssen MHG, Lundebye AK, Amund H, Sele V, and Ørnsrud R
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants administration & dosage, Antioxidants analysis, Fisheries, Humans, Livestock metabolism, Models, Biological, Trace Elements administration & dosage, Trace Elements analysis, Animal Feed analysis, Animal Feed standards, Salmo salar, Selenious Acid administration & dosage, Selenious Acid analysis, Selenious Acid pharmacokinetics, Selenomethionine administration & dosage, Selenomethionine analysis, Selenomethionine pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
This study investigated the transfer kinetics of dietary selenite and selenomethionine (SeMet) to the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). The uptake and elimination rate constants of the two selenium (Se) forms were determined in Atlantic salmon fed either selenite- or SeMet-supplemented diets followed by a depuration period. The fillet half-life of selenite and SeMet was 779 ± 188 and 339 ± 103 days, respectively. The elimination and uptake rates were used in a simple one-compartmental kinetic model to predict levels in fillet based on long-term (whole production cycle) feeding with given dietary Se levels. Model predictions for Atlantic salmon fed plant-based feeds low in natural Se and supplemented with either 0.2 mg of selenite or SeMet kg
-1 gave a predicted fillet level of 0.042 and 0.058 mg Se kg-1 wet weight, respectively. Based on these predictions and the European Food Safety Authority risk assessment of Se feed supplementation for food-producing terrestrial farm animals, the supplementation with 0.2 mg of selenite kg-1 would likely be safe for the most sensitive group of consumers (toddlers). However, supplementing feed to farm animals, including salmon, with 0.2 mg of SeMet kg-1 would give a higher (114%) Se intake than the safe upper intake limit for toddlers.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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