139 results on '"Ammar Sarwar"'
Search Results
2. Targeting Trop2 by Bruceine D suppresses breast cancer metastasis by blocking Trop2/β-catenin positive feedback loop
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Wenjuan Tang, Yu Hu, Kaihui Tu, Zhengyan Gong, Man Zhu, Tianfeng Yang, Ammar Sarwar, Bingling Dai, Dongdong Zhang, Yingzhuan Zhan, and Yanmin Zhang
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Trop2 ,β-catenin ,Breast cancer ,Metastasis ,Lung colonization ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Introduction: Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop2) has been used as a transport gate for cytotoxic agents into cells in antibody–drug conjugate designs because of its expression in a wide range of solid tumors. However, the specific role of Trop2 itself in breast cancer progression remains unclear and small molecules targeting Trop2 have not yet been reported. Objectives: To screen small molecules targeting Trop2, and to reveal its pharmacological effects and the molecular mechanisms of action. Methods: Small molecule targeting Trop2 was identified by cell membrane chromatography, and validated by cellular thermal shift assay and point mutation analyses. We investigated the pharmacological effects of Trop2 inhibitor using RNA-seq, human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), Matrigel drop invasion assays, colony-forming assay, xenograft tumor model, 4T1 orthotopic metastasis model and 4T1 experimental metastasis model. The molecular mechanism was determined using immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: Here we identified Bruceine D (BD) as the inhibitor of Trop2, and demonstrated anti-metastasis effects of BD in breast cancer. Notably, Lys307 and Glu310 residues of Trop2 acted as critical sites for BD binding. Mechanistically, BD suppressed Trop2-induced cancer metastasis by blocking the formation of Trop2/β-catenin positive loop, in which the Trop2/β-catenin complex prevented β-catenin from being degraded via the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. Destabilized β-catenin caused by BD reduced nucleus translocation, leading to the reduction of transcription of Trop2, the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and the inhibition of ECM remodeling, further inhibiting cancer metastasis. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of BD on lung metastatic colonization and the beneficial effects of BD on prolongation of survival were validated in 4T1 experimental metastasis model. Conclusions: These results support the tumor-promoting role of Trop2 in breast cancer by stabilizing β-catenin in Trop2/β-catenin positive loop, and suggest Bruceine D as a promising candidate for Trop2 inhibition.
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- 2024
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3. Cantharidin overcomes IL-2Rα signaling-mediated vorinostat resistance in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma through reactive oxygen species
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Hongmei Zhang, Man Zhu, Wenjun Tang, Xiaoyu Tang, Zeren Zhu, Yina Jiang, Ammar Sarwar, Dake Chu, Zixi Zhang, and Yanmin Zhang
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background Vorinostat (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has shown clinical efficacy against advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, only a subset of patients with CTCL (30–35%) respond to SAHA and the response is not always sustainable. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying evasive resistance in this cancer is an unmet medical need to improve the efficacy of current therapies.Purpose This study aims to identify factors contributing to resistance against SAHA in CTCL and ways to mitigate it.Methods and results In this study, we demonstrated that attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces the expression of interleukin (IL)-2Rα, one of the IL-2 receptors, which drives resistance to SAHA in CTCL. We also determined that cantharidin could overcome SAHA resistance to CTCL by blocking IL-2Rα-related signaling via ROS-dependent manner. Mechanistically, accelerated translation of IL-2Rα contributes to excessive IL-2Rα protein formation as a result of reduced ROS levels in SAHA-resistant CTCL. At the same time, amplified IL-2R signals are evidenced by strengthened interaction of IL-2Rβ with IL-2Rγ and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription molecules, and by increased expression of protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Moreover, cantharidin, an active constituent of Mylabris used in traditional Chinese medicine, markedly increased ROS levels, and thereby restrained IL-2Rα translation, resulting in suppression of downstream pathways in SAHA-resistant cells. Cantharidin is also found to synergize with SAHA and triggers SAHA-resistant cell death via IL-2R signaling both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion Our study uncovers a novel molecular mechanism of acquired SAHA resistance and also suggests that using cantharidin is a potential approach to overcome CTCL therapy resistance. Our findings underlie the therapeutic potential of cantharidin in treating CTCL.
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- 2024
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4. Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non‐hospitalized adults with COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis of individual participant data of randomized trials
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Oriol Mitjà, Gilmar Reis, David R. Boulware, Adam M. Spivak, Ammar Sarwar, Christine Johnston, Brandon Webb, Michael D. Hill, Davey Smith, Peter Kremsner, Marla Curran, David Carter, Jim Alexander, Marc Corbacho, Todd C. Lee, Katherine Huppler Hullsiek, Emily G. McDonald, Rachel Hess, Michael Hughes, Jared M. Baeten, Ilan Schwartz, Luanne Metz, Lawrence Richer, Kara W. Chew, Eric Daar, David Wohl, and Michael Dunne
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Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was initially promoted as an oral therapy for early treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Conventional meta‐analyses cannot fully address the heterogeneity of different designs and outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of HCQ in outpatients with mild COVID‐19. We conducted a pooled analysis of individual participant data from RCTs that evaluated the effect of HCQ on hospitalization and viral load reduction in outpatients with confirmed COVID‐19. We evaluated the overall treatment group effect by log‐likelihood ratio test (−2LL) from a generalized linear mixed model to accommodate correlated longitudinal binary data. The analysis included data from 11 RCTs. The outcome of virological effect, assessed in 1560 participants (N = 795 HCQ, N = 765 control), did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups (−2LL = 7.66; p = 0.18) when adjusting for cohort, duration of symptoms, and comorbidities. The decline in polymerase chain reaction positive tests from day 1 to 7 was 42.0 and 41.6 percentage points in the HCQ and control groups, respectively. Among the 2037 participants evaluable for hospitalization (N = 1058 HCQ, N = 979 control), we found no significant differences in hospitalization rate between participants receiving HCQ and controls (odds ratio 0.995; 95% confidence interval 0.614–1.610; −2LL = 0.0; p = 0.98) when adjusting for cohort, duration of symptoms, and comorbidities. This individual participant data meta‐analysis of 11 HCQ trials that evaluated severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 viral clearance and COVID‐19 hospitalization did not show a clinical benefit of HCQ. Our meta‐analysis provides evidence to support the interruption in the use of HCQ in mild COVID‐19 outpatients to reduce progression to severe disease.
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- 2023
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5. Cephalomannine inhibits hypoxia-induced cellular function via the suppression of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction in lung cancer
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Asmat Ullah, Sze Wei Leong, Jingjing Wang, Qing Wu, Mohsin Ahmad Ghauri, Ammar Sarwar, Qi Su, and Yanmin Zhang
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Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. As one of the key features of tumor microenvironment, hypoxia conditions are associated with poor prognosis in LC patients. Upregulation of hypoxic-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) leads to the activation of various factors that contribute to the increased drug resistance, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APEX1) is a multi-functional protein that regulates several transcription factors, including HIF-1α, that contribute to tumor growth, oxidative stress responses, and DNA damage. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying cell responses to hypoxia and modulation of APEX1, which regulate HIF-1α and downstream pathways. We found that hypoxia-induced APEX1/HIF-1α pathways regulate several key cellular functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9)-mediated intracellular pH, migration, and angiogenesis. Cephalomannine (CPM), a natural compound, exerted inhibitory effects in hypoxic LC cells via the inhibition of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction in vitro and in vivo. CPM can significantly inhibit cell viability, ROS production, intracellular pH, and migration in hypoxic LC cells as well as angiogenesis of HUVECs under hypoxia through the inhibition of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction. Taken together, CPM could be considered as a promising compound for LC treatment.
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- 2021
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6. Rapid emergence of antibacterial resistance by bacterial isolates from patients of gynecological infections in Punjab, Pakistan
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Ammar Sarwar, Mobasher A. Butt, Saira Hafeez, and Muhammad Z. Danish
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Antibacterial susceptibility ,Gynecological infections ,Bacterial resistance ,Antimicrobial resistance ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background problem: Antibiotic resistance is considered a global problem, where highly emerging antibacterial resistance is posing a great threat to treat infections. Objectives: The present study is aimed to highlight emerging resistance of bacteria to commonly used antibiotics in Pakistan. Methods: The samples for bacterial culture were obtained using high vaginal swabs (HVS) from female genitalia. The specimens were incubated and identified for subsequent pathogenic bacterial growth. There were 370 bacterial isolates from 520 females provisionally diagnosed for gynecological infections. Results: Out of total 9 isolated bacteria, Escherichia coli were most common isolates (41.6%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.4%), and coagulase negative staphylococci (12.2%). E. coli exhibited maximum susceptibility to meropenem (98.2%) and imipenem (97.7%) and least to amoxicillin (9.8%) and ampicillin (9.6%). The highest incidence of bacterial infection was found in age group of 26−35 years. Among Gram-positive bacteria, 98.7%, 88.2% and 81.3% were susceptible to vancomycin, cefuroxime and linezolid respectively. For Gram-negative bacteria, 94.3%, 93.6% were susceptible to cefoperazone/sulbactam and meropenem respectively. Recurrence of infection developed among 3.27% of the patients, while two patients died with the infection. Conclusion: Maximum resistance was shown by co-trimoxazole (81.4%), followed by amoxicillin (80.2%). After identifying the causative strain, the susceptible antibiotic should be administered to reduce antibiotic resistance and better control of gynecological infections in female Pakistani population.
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- 2020
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7. Extrahepatic transarterial radioembolization to treat fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report
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Damir Ljuboja, MD, MBA, Jeffrey L Weinstein, MD, FSIR, Muneeb Ahmed, MD, FSIR, and Ammar Sarwar, MD, FSIR
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Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma ,Extrahepatic ,Yttrium-90 radioembolization ,TARE ,Case report ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a rare primary liver tumor that typically presents at an advanced stage in early adolescents and adults with no underlying liver disease. Surgical resection is the first-line treatment, and patients who are not surgical candidates face limited treatment options with poor long-term outcomes. Herein we report the first documented, technically successful treatment of FL-HCC with extrahepatic spread using transarterial radioembolization (TARE) in a 16-year-old male patient with surgically unresectable disease. Subsequent imaging revealed tumor necrosis and a 20% reduction in size, and the patient survived 20 months post-treatment, a marked improvement relative to historical data in the literature. Further research should examine the potential role of yttrium-90 TARE in the treatment of FL-HCC patients with metastatic disease.
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- 2020
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8. Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of prescribed medications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Findings from a tertiary care hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
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Bareera Rana, Allah Bukhsh, Tahir Mehmood Khan, Ammar Sarwar, Muhammad Ovais Omer, and Shazia Qasim Jamshed
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Diabetes mellitus ,glycated hemoglobin ,Lahore ,Morisky score ,Pakistan ,prescribing trends ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 ,Analytical chemistry ,QD71-142 - Abstract
Aim: The present study was aimed to highlight the current prescribing pattern of oral hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of these therapeutic categories in achieving target glycemic control. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study of 6 months' duration conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Results: The current research recruited 145 patients presented in diabetes management center of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Mean age of the participants was 50.2 (± 8.5) years. Out of the 145 patients, 63% were females and 37% were males. Most patients were diagnosed to have diabetes within the past 5 years. Diabetes-induced neuropathy was the most common complication (71.7%) among the patients. A large proportion of these patients (70.3%) were also suffering from other comorbidities among which the most common one is hypertension. The average number of prescribed medications was 1.31. Metformin was prescribed to a majority of patients (64%) as monotherapy while 28.96% received combination therapy. Mean glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) before and after 3 months of treatment was 8.5 (± 2.3) and 8.04 (± 2.1), respectively. Inferential statistics show a strong association between HBA1c and life style modifications and adherence to medication therapy (P = 0.05). However, the correlation between HBA1c and Morisky score and duration of disease was inverse and weak (P = 0.6, 0.4). The t-test values show a small difference between HBA1c values before and after 3 months (t = 0.440 and 0.466, respectively). Conclusion: Optimization of medication regimen and continuous patient education regarding life style modification and adherence to medication therapy are necessitated to bring HBA1c values near to target.
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- 2017
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9. Expert opinion on bleeding risk from invasive procedures in cirrhosis
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Nezam H, Afdhal, Walter, Ageno, Marcello, Bianchini, Annabel, Blasi, Stephen H, Caldwell, Mark, Callaway, Andres, Cardenas, Sarwa, Darwish Murad, Andrea, De Gottardi, Lesley, De Pietri, Emmanuelle, De Raucourt, Alessandra, Dell'Era, Alban, Denys, Laure, Elkrief, Juan-Carlos, Garcia-Pagan, Guadalupe, Garcia-Tsao, Alexander, Gatt, Edoardo G, Giannini, Rita, Golfieri, Charles S, Greenberg, Virginia, Hernández-Gea, Mathis, Heydtmann, Nicolas M, Intagliata, Patrick S, Kamath, Will, Lester, Maria, Magnusson, James, Neuberger, Patrick G, Northup, G, O'Leary Jacqueline, Heather, Patton, Markus, Peck-Radosavljevic, Anjana, Pillai, Aurélie, Plessier, Pierre-Emmanuel, Rautou, Cristina, Ripoll, Lara N, Roberts, Ammar, Sarwar, Marco, Senzolo, Akash, Shukla, Paolo, Simioni, Douglas A, Simonetto, Ashwani K, Singal, Robin, Soto, Jonathan G, Stine, Elliot B, Tapper, Dominique, Thabut, Jecko, Thachil, Dana, Tomescu, Dhiraj, Tripathi, Emmanuel A, Tsochatzis, Erica, Villa, Dominique, Valla, Riescher-Tuczkiewicz, Alix, Caldwell, Stephen H., Kamath, Patrick S., Villa, Erica, and Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel
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- 2024
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10. The Threat to the Soul of Interventional Radiology Escalated by COVID-19
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Ammar Sarwar, Tait D. Shanafelt, Daniel Y. Sze, and Michael R. Jaff
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
11. Factors Associated With Complete Pathologic Necrosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Explant Evaluation After Locoregional Therapy: A National Analysis Using the UNOS Database
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Ammar, Sarwar, Alan, Bonder, Lior, Hassan, Muhammad Saad, Malik, Victor, Novack, Michael, Curry, and Muneeb, Ahmed
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
12. Patient and Provider Perspectives of Telehealth and In-Person Interventional Radiology Clinic Visits
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Julie C. Bulman, Fady El-Gabalawy, Luz A. Martinez, Ammar Sarwar, Jeffrey L. Weinstein, Salomao Faintuch, and Muneeb Ahmed
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
To assess patient and provider satisfaction with interventional radiology (IR) outpatient telehealth and in-person clinic.This institutional review board-approved study analyzed patient satisfaction with clinic via survey after an IR outpatient telehealth or in-person visit. A physician telehealth experience survey was completed by 8 IR physicians.During the initial survey period, 44 (83%) of 53 patients completed a survey via telephone compared with 37 (23%) of 158 patients who were offered an electronic survey during the second survey period. Of 81 respondents, 18 (22%) were in-person and 63 (78%) were via telehealth. Of the respondents, nearly all patients (97%) in the telehealth group reported satisfaction with their telehealth clinic visit, with similar rates of high patient satisfaction between in-person and telehealth visits (P = .51). Most patients (98%) in the telehealth group strongly agreed that their physician's recommendations were clear in the telehealth visit and that their visit was private, similar to in-person visits (P = .13). A telehealth visit saved time for all patients (100%), with 78% reporting1 hour of time-saving. All IR physicians (n = 8) reported greater efficiency with telehealth clinic than with in-person clinic and that follow-up patterns would change if telehealth was available. However, all providers (100%) found telephone visits less satisfying than in-person visits, with video visits being either equally satisfying (71%) or less satisfying (29%).Patient satisfaction with the in-person and telehealth outpatient IR clinic was high, with patients and providers reporting time-saving and greater efficiency with telehealth, suggesting that telehealth should remain an important component of outpatient IR clinic care.
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- 2023
13. Filter-Assisted Shunt Embolization of Large Portosystemic Shunts: Technical Feasibility, Safety, and Outcomes
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Vijay Ramalingam, Jeff Weinstein, Ammar Sarwar, Juan Gimenez, and Muneeb Ahmed
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Male ,Venous Thrombosis ,Portal Vein ,Hepatic Encephalopathy ,Feasibility Studies ,Humans ,Female ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic ,Esophageal and Gastric Varices ,Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
To describe the feasibility and outcomes of filter-assisted shunt embolization in patients with acquired large portosystemic shunts.Two-center HIPAA compliant retrospective study of all patients who underwent filter-assisted shunt embolization between 03/2015-03/2021. Initial clinical evaluation, including demographic information, shunt sizing, and procedural details, was reviewed. Technical success was defined as successful occlusion of the targeted shunt.Eight patients (55 ± 10 years/88% male) had a large acquired portosystemic shunt which was suitable for filter-assisted shunt embolization. Indications for the procedure: 3 = pre-transplantation optimization, 2 = overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE), 1 = post-transplant thrombosis, 1 = portal vein thrombosis and encephalopathy, 1 = encephalopathy and variceal bleeding. Portosystemic shunts occurred between splenic and renal veins, inferior mesenteric and gonadal veins, and coronary veins. Mean shunt diameter was 27 ± 5 mm. The technical success of the procedure was 8/8 (100%). In 7 patients, a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was also placed at the time of the shunt embolization due to either pre-transplant indication or sluggish portal flow. There were no intraprocedural complications from filter placement.3 = currently listed for transplant, 2 = resolution of HE, 1 = made CMO, 1 patient with patent post-transplant vasculature. 1 = died as a complication related to TIPS placement (SIR Class F Complication).Filter-assisted shunt embolization is a technically feasible and safe technique to reduce or embolize large portosystemic shunts.
- Published
- 2022
14. Evaluation of Technical Performance of Ultrasound-Guided Procedures through Hand Motion Analysis: an Exploration of Motion Metrics
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Jeffrey L. Weinstein, Hamza Ali, Ammar Sarwar, Joseph R. Dadour, Olga R. Brook, John D. Mitchell, Robina Matyal, Matthew R. Palmer, Christopher MacLellan, and Muneeb Ahmed
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
15. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation and Thrombectomy for Symptomatic Acute Non-Cirrhotic Portal Vein Thrombosis
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Matthew R. Shalvoy, Muneeb Ahmed, Jeffrey L. Weinstein, Vijay Ramalingam, Muhammad Saad Malik, Aamir Ali, Anuradha S. Shenoy-Bhangle, Michael P. Curry, and Ammar Sarwar
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
16. Echocardiographic and Other Preprocedural Predictors of Heart Failure After TIPS Placement in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Single-Center 15-Year Analysis
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Aamir, Ali, Ammar, Sarwar, Vilas R, Patwardhan, Ariane M, Fraiche, Muhammad M, Tahir, Michael, Luo, Jeffrey L, Weinstein, Muhammad Sarib, Hussain, Michael P, Curry, and Muneeb, Ahmed
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Heart Failure ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Male ,Echocardiography ,Humans ,Female ,Stroke Volume ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Ventricular Function, Left ,Retrospective Studies - Published
- 2022
17. Stage migration as a surrogate of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization
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Ihab Kassab, Amit G. Singal, Aamir Ali, Manasa Narasimman, Ashwini Arvind, Muneeb Ahmed, Sagar Joshi, Komal Manzoor, Nicole Rich, Vincent L Chen, Zhe Zhao, Ammar Sarwar, and Neehar D. Parikh
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Hepatology - Published
- 2023
18. Moral Distress in Radiology: Frequency, Root Causes, and Countermeasures—Results of a National Survey
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Priya Dave, Olga R. Brook, Alexander Brook, Ammar Sarwar, and Bettina Siewert
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
19. Research Consensus Panel Follow-Up: A Systematic Review and Update on Cost Research in IR
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Julie C. Bulman, Muhammad Saad Malik, Will Lindquester, C. Matthew Hawkins, Raymond Liu, and Ammar Sarwar
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
20. Retroperitoneal Major Hemorrhage from Iatrogenic Injury to the Testicular Artery Treated with Coil Embolization
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Muhammad Mohid Tahir, Katarina Anderson, and Ammar Sarwar
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
21. Pingxiao capsule (平消胶囊) inhibits lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer and sensitizes breast cancer to radiotherapy.
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TANG Wenjuan, HU Yu, ZHU Man, DONG Mingzhi, LIU Tieming, Ammar, SARWAR, ZHAN Yingzhuan, and ZHANG Yanmin
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- 2023
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22. Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing in Interventional Oncology: Cost Measurement and Cost Variability for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapies
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Muneeb Ahmed, Damir Ljuboja, Ammar Sarwar, Robert S. Kaplan, A. Ali, Enio Perez, and Michael W. Subrize
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Tare weight ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Interventional oncology ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Microsphere ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Prospective Studies ,Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ,Activity-based costing ,health care economics and organizations ,Retrospective Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Medical record ,Liver Neoplasms ,Interventional radiology ,Ablation ,medicine.disease ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Purpose To use time-drive activity-based costing (TDABC) to characterize and compare costs of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and ablation. Methods This three-part study involved (1) prospective observation to record resources used during TACE, TARE, and ablation and statistical evaluation of interobserver and interprocedure variability; (2) Bland-Altman analysis of prospective measurements and medical record time stamps to establish practicality of using retrospective data in place of direct observation; (3) retrospective time stamp assessment for 117 ablations, 61 TACE procedures, and 61 TARE procedures to reveal variability drivers. Results Ablation costs were lowest ($3,744), which were 74% of TACE costs ($5,089) and 18% of TARE costs ($20,818). Consumables were the greatest cost contributor, accounting for 65% of ablation, 58% of TACE, and 90% of TARE costs. A single consumable contributed to most of the overall costs: the ablation probe (42%), ethiodized oil for TACE (30%), and yttrium-90 microspheres for TARE (80%). Bland-Altman analysis showed agreement between retrospective time stamps and prospective measurements. Ablation costs increased from $3,288 to $4,245 to $4,461 for one, two, or three tumors treated. TACE cost increased from $5,051 to $5,296 for lobar versus selective approaches. Conclusion A bottom-up costing approach using TDABC is feasible to assess true costs of hepatocellular carcinoma treatments and demonstrates ablation costs are significantly less than those of TACE and TARE. Replication of these methods at other institutions can facilitate development of a bundled payment model to promote utilization of locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Published
- 2021
23. STING activation in macrophages by vanillic acid exhibits antineoplastic potential
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Man Zhu, Xiaoyu Tang, Zeren Zhu, Zhengyan Gong, Wenjuan Tang, Yu Hu, Cheng Cheng, Hongying Wang, Ammar Sarwar, Yanbin Chen, Feng Liu, Jian Huo, Xuemei Wang, and Yanmin Zhang
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Pharmacology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2023
24. Radioembolization for Cholangiocarcinoma
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Salomao Faintuch, Muneeb Ahmed, Ammar Sarwar, Komal Manzoor, Jeffrey L. Weinstein, and A. Ali
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Systemic chemotherapy ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Gastroenterology ,Transarterial Radioembolization ,digestive system ,digestive system diseases ,Hepatic malignancy ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Review article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Localized disease ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Surgery ,In patient ,Radiology ,business ,neoplasms ,Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma - Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy which accounts for 13% of total cancer mortality worldwide. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for localized disease; however, the majority of patients present when the tumor is unresectable. The incidence of the intrahepatic subtype of cholangiocarcinoma is increasing worldwide. Current standard of care in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is systemic chemotherapy; however, yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (Y90-TARE) is under investigation for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with promising trials and published clinical experience. This review critically evaluates the role of Y90-TARE in the management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
- Published
- 2021
25. Cephalomannine inhibits hypoxia-induced cellular function via the suppression of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction in lung cancer
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Yanmin Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Sze Wei Leong, Asmat Ullah, Mohsin Ahmad Ghauri, Qing Wu, Ammar Sarwar, and Qi Su
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Cancer microenvironment ,Cancer Research ,Lung Neoplasms ,DNA damage ,Angiogenesis ,Intracellular pH ,Immunology ,Mice, Nude ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Mice ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Downregulation and upregulation ,DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase ,Tumor Microenvironment ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Viability assay ,Transcription factor ,Pharmacology ,Tumor microenvironment ,QH573-671 ,Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,Cell biology ,Taxoids ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Cytology ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. As one of the key features of tumor microenvironment, hypoxia conditions are associated with poor prognosis in LC patients. Upregulation of hypoxic-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) leads to the activation of various factors that contribute to the increased drug resistance, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APEX1) is a multi-functional protein that regulates several transcription factors, including HIF-1α, that contribute to tumor growth, oxidative stress responses, and DNA damage. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying cell responses to hypoxia and modulation of APEX1, which regulate HIF-1α and downstream pathways. We found that hypoxia-induced APEX1/HIF-1α pathways regulate several key cellular functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9)-mediated intracellular pH, migration, and angiogenesis. Cephalomannine (CPM), a natural compound, exerted inhibitory effects in hypoxic LC cells via the inhibition of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction in vitro and in vivo. CPM can significantly inhibit cell viability, ROS production, intracellular pH, and migration in hypoxic LC cells as well as angiogenesis of HUVECs under hypoxia through the inhibition of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction. Taken together, CPM could be considered as a promising compound for LC treatment.
- Published
- 2021
26. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions in pancreatic cancer evokes new therapeutic opportunities
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Ammar Sarwar, Man Zhu, Qi Su, Zeren Zhu, Tianfeng Yang, Yanbin Chen, Xiujuan Peng, and Yanmin Zhang
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Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Oncology ,Humans ,Apoptosis ,Hematology ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Mitochondria - Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly devastating neoplasm due to its irrepressible characteristics and propensity to override the available treatment strategies. Rapid prevalence and enormous severity of this cancer urgently demand the exploration of novel approaches for the development of effective therapeutic measures. Metabolic derangement is one of the hallmarks of cancers which restructures mitochondrial activities and biological pathways. Apart from their bioenergetic and biosynthetic functions, mitochondria are also implicated in a myriad of cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, homeostasis, and other cell regulatory mechanisms. It has been noted that PC, like other types of cancers, exploits these activities in favor of tumor growth and survival by inducing mitochondrial dysfunctions such as mitochondrial-DNA mutation, metabolic enzyme modification, ROS generation, mitophagy, evasion of apoptosis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. During pancreatic carcinogenesis, a large number of onco-factors including Bcl-2 family proteins, NF-κB, HIFs, NRF2, NOX, MFNs, DRP1, DUSP6, Cyp-D, PARKIN, and others are dysregulated, resulting into reprogramming of metabolic pathways and cellular kinetics. Hence, targeted interventions in these metabolic derangements may present some effective anticancer approaches. The current review gives an insight into various mitochondrial disorders and their targetable molecules in PC which may provide certain novel opportunities in the pursuit of therapeutic development. Furthermore, we have also discussed certain treatment perspectives in PC based on specific mitochondrial activities.
- Published
- 2022
27. Technical Feasibility of Suction Thrombectomy Using a Large-Bore Aspiration System in the PortoMesenteric Venous System
- Author
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Vijay Ramalingam, Jeff Weinstein, Juan Gimenez, Michael Curry, Lauren Yang, Ammar Sarwar, and Muneeb Ahmed
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Technical feasibility and safety of portal vein thrombectomy with suction thrombectomy utilizing a large bore thrombectomy device for portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT) METHODS: After IRB approval, patients undergoing PMVT treatment utilizing a large-bore aspiration thrombectomy device between 07/2019 - 06/2021 were identified at two medical centers. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, imaging findings, and procedural details. PMVT was categorized utilizing the Yerdel grading system. The thrombectomy procedure was performed via transjugular access via the existing TIPS, new TIPS, or trans-splenic or trans-hepatic approach. Technical success was defined by successful clot reduction and restoration of portal venous flow at the conclusion of the procedure. Patient outcomes based on clinical presentation, adverse events, and thrombectomy associated adverse events were recorded.20 patients (Median Age 58 (Range: 23-72) years old) underwent large bore aspiration thrombectomy, which was technically successful in 19/20 (95%) patients. In 9/20 (45%) the 20Fr device was used, 9/20 (45%) for the 16 Fr device and 2/20 (10%) patients, the 24Fr device. 14 patients had a pre-existing TIPS, and 6 patients had a TIPS created. In 5/20 (25 %) patient's overnight lysis was performed in conjunction with Inari thrombectomy. Thrombus resolution with restoration of flow, was achieved in 19/20 (95%) cases. There were no thrombectomy associated adverse events. The mean follow-up time was 70 days (+/- 113) at which time primary patency of the portal venous system was present in 16/20 (80%) patients.Large bore aspiration portal vein thrombectomy is a feasible for portomesenteric venous thrombosis.
- Published
- 2022
28. Disposable Endoscope-Assisted Retrieval of a Dropped Appendicolith in the Liver
- Author
-
Hamza Ali, Julie C. Bulman, Ammar Sarwar, and Jeffrey Weinstein
- Subjects
Endoscopes ,Liver ,Abdomen ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Appendicitis - Published
- 2022
29. Analysis of Kinematic Differences in Hand Motion between Novice and Experienced Operators in IR: A Pilot Study
- Author
-
Matthew R. Palmer, Salomao Faintuch, Seth A. Berkowitz, Robina Matyal, Muneeb Ahmed, Feroze Mahmood, Jeffrey L. Weinstein, Julie C. Bulman, Ammar Sarwar, Fady El-Gabalawy, and Sarah E. Schroeppel DeBacker
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Radiography ,Pilot Projects ,Punctures ,Kinematics ,Radiography, Interventional ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Operator (computer programming) ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine.artery ,Catheterization, Peripheral ,Radiologists ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Prospective Studies ,Radial artery ,Motor skill ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Interventional radiology ,Motion detection ,Hand ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Motor Skills ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Radial Artery ,Feasibility Studies ,Clinical Competence ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Electromagnetic Phenomena - Abstract
To prospectively validate electromagnetic hand motion tracking in interventional radiology to detect differences in operator experience using simulation.Sheath task: Six attending interventional radiologists (experts) and 6 radiology trainees (trainees) placed a wire through a sheath and performed a "pin-pull" maneuver, while an electromagnetic motion detection system recorded the hand motion. Radial task: Eight experts and 12 trainees performed palpatory radial artery access task on a radial access simulator. The trainees repeated the task with the nondominant hand. The experts were classified by their most frequent radial artery access technique as having either palpatory, ultrasound, or overall limited experience. The time, path length, and number of movements were calculated. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the groups, and P.05 was considered significant.Sheath task: The experts took less time, had shorter path lengths, and used fewer movements than the trainees (11.7 seconds ± 3.3 vs 19.7 seconds ± 6.5, P.01; 1.1 m ± 0.3 vs 1.4 m ± 0.4, P.01; and 19.5 movements ± 8.5 vs 31.0 movements ± 8.0, P.01, respectively). Radial task: The experts took less time, had shorter path lengths, and used fewer movements than the trainees (24.2 seconds ± 10.6 vs 33.1 seconds ± 16.9, P.01; 2.0 m ± 0.5 vs 3.0 m ± 1.9, P.001; and 36.5 movements ± 15.0 vs 54.5 movements ± 28.0, P.001, respectively). The trainees had a shorter path length for their dominant hand than their nondominant hand (3.0 m ± 1.9 vs 3.5 m ± 1.9, P.05). The expert palpatory group had a shorter path length than the ultrasound and limited experience groups (1.8 m ± 0.4 vs 2.0 m ± 0.4 and 2.3 m ± 1.2, respectively, P.05).Electromagnetic hand motion tracking can differentiate between the expert and trainee operators for simulated interventional tasks.
- Published
- 2021
30. Rapid emergence of antibacterial resistance by bacterial isolates from patients of gynecological infections in Punjab, Pakistan
- Author
-
Muhammad Zeeshan Danish, Mobasher A. Butt, Ammar Sarwar, and Saira Hafeez
- Subjects
Adult ,0301 basic medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Antibacterial susceptibility ,Antimicrobial resistance ,Meropenem ,Bacterial resistance ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antibiotic resistance ,Ampicillin ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Gram-Negative Bacteria ,Escherichia coli ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pakistan ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Gynecological infections ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Bacterial Infections ,General Medicine ,Sulbactam ,Amoxicillin ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cefoperazone ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Linezolid ,Vancomycin ,Female ,Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background problem Antibiotic resistance is considered a global problem, where highly emerging antibacterial resistance is posing a great threat to treat infections. Objectives The present study is aimed to highlight emerging resistance of bacteria to commonly used antibiotics in Pakistan. Methods The samples for bacterial culture were obtained using high vaginal swabs (HVS) from female genitalia. The specimens were incubated and identified for subsequent pathogenic bacterial growth. There were 370 bacterial isolates from 520 females provisionally diagnosed for gynecological infections. Results Out of total 9 isolated bacteria, Escherichia coli were most common isolates (41.6%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.4%), and coagulase negative staphylococci (12.2%). E. coli exhibited maximum susceptibility to meropenem (98.2%) and imipenem (97.7%) and least to amoxicillin (9.8%) and ampicillin (9.6%). The highest incidence of bacterial infection was found in age group of 26−35 years. Among Gram-positive bacteria, 98.7%, 88.2% and 81.3% were susceptible to vancomycin, cefuroxime and linezolid respectively. For Gram-negative bacteria, 94.3%, 93.6% were susceptible to cefoperazone/sulbactam and meropenem respectively. Recurrence of infection developed among 3.27% of the patients, while two patients died with the infection. Conclusion Maximum resistance was shown by co-trimoxazole (81.4%), followed by amoxicillin (80.2%). After identifying the causative strain, the susceptible antibiotic should be administered to reduce antibiotic resistance and better control of gynecological infections in female Pakistani population.
- Published
- 2020
31. Prostate Artery Embolization Versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: Is Cost-Effectiveness Analyses Useful to Improve Access to Image-Guided Procedures in the United States?
- Author
-
Julie C. Bulman and Ammar Sarwar
- Subjects
Male ,Treatment Outcome ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Prostate ,Prostatic Hyperplasia ,Transurethral Resection of Prostate ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Arteries ,Embolization, Therapeutic ,United States - Published
- 2022
32. Extrahepatic transarterial radioembolization to treat fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report
- Author
-
Muneeb Ahmed, Ammar Sarwar, Damir Ljuboja, and Jeffrey L. Weinstein
- Subjects
lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Liver tumor ,Tare weight ,lcsh:R895-920 ,Disease ,Transarterial Radioembolization ,Extrahepatic ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,TARE ,03 medical and health sciences ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Yttrium-90 radioembolization ,Case report ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business.industry ,Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma ,Advanced stage ,medicine.disease ,Early adolescents ,Radiology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a rare primary liver tumor that typically presents at an advanced stage in early adolescents and adults with no underlying liver disease. Surgical resection is the first-line treatment, and patients who are not surgical candidates face limited treatment options with poor long-term outcomes. Herein we report the first documented, technically successful treatment of FL-HCC with extrahepatic spread using transarterial radioembolization (TARE) in a 16-year-old male patient with surgically unresectable disease. Subsequent imaging revealed tumor necrosis and a 20% reduction in size, and the patient survived 20 months post-treatment, a marked improvement relative to historical data in the literature. Further research should examine the potential role of yttrium-90 TARE in the treatment of FL-HCC patients with metastatic disease.
- Published
- 2020
33. Yttrium-90 radioembolization using MIRD dosimetry with resin microspheres
- Author
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Muneeb Ahmed, A. Ali, Salomao Faintuch, Raza Malik, Andrea J. Bullock, Ammar Sarwar, Jeffrey L. Weinstein, Michael P. Curry, Khalid Khwaja, and Alexei Kudla
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Interventional radiology ,General Medicine ,Resin microsphere ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Microsphere ,03 medical and health sciences ,Safety profile ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Absorbed dose ,Medicine ,Dosimetry ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,Embolization ,business ,Radiation Pneumonitis - Abstract
To review the technical feasibility of resin microsphere (SIR-Spheres®) yttrium-90 radioembolization prescribed using the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) model. All radioembolization procedures for hepatic malignancies using resin microspheres with MIRD model between November 2015 and February 2019 were included in this IRB-approved study (n = 60). Student’s T test was used to compare prescribed activity based on MIRD and BSA models. Adverse events were assessed immediately, 30 days, and 6 months post-treatment. Sixty radioembolizations were performed in 54 patients (age 68 ± 9 years, 48–87 years, 35% female). Mean prescribed activity calculated by the MIRD model (target absorbed dose 120–200 Gy for primary and 80–200 Gy for metastatic liver cancers) was 1.7 GBq (0.3–6.4) compared with 0.6 GBq (0.12–2.1) if BSA had been used (p
- Published
- 2020
34. Induction of Estrogen Receptor β-mediated Autophagy Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to TAD1822-7, a Novel Biphenyl Urea Taspine Derivative
- Author
-
Qing Wu, Jingjing Wang, Qi Su, Ammar Sarwar, Yanmin Zhang, and Kun Chen
- Subjects
Programmed cell death ,Morpholines ,Cell ,Estrogen receptor ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,Breast Neoplasms ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Alkaloids ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Autophagy ,Genetics ,medicine ,Estrogen Receptor beta ,Humans ,Urea ,Molecular Biology ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Cell Proliferation ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,Phenylurea Compounds ,Biphenyl Compounds ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Cell Hypoxia ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cancer research ,Female ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Background Female breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. As a tumor suppressor, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) can be potentially targeted for breast cancer therapy. Methods and results TAD1822-7 was evaluated for ERβ-mediated autophagy and cell death using cell proliferation assay, Annexin V/PI staining, immunofluorescence, western blotting, ERβ siRNA, ERβ plasmid transfection and hypoxia cell models. TAD1822-7 upregulated ERβ causing cell death and induced mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy companied with mitochondrial located ERβ. Enhanced levels of microtubule associated protein1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and p62/SQSTM1 (p62) indicated that TAD1822-7 blocked the late-stage autolysosome formation, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, TAD1822-7-induced cell death was mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. Moreover, TAD1822-7 modulated hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) functions and autophagy via the inhibition of HIF-1β in the context of hypoxia-induced autophagy. ERβ overexpression and ERβ agonist showed similar effects, whereas ERβ siRNA abrogated TAD1822-7-induced cell death, the inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway and autophagy. The involvement of PI3K/AKT pathway and autophagy was also demonstrated in TAD1822-7-treated hypoxic breast cancer cells. Conclusions These findings provide new insight into the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of TAD1822-7 via ERβ-mediated pathways in breast cancer cells.
- Published
- 2021
35. Transsplenic Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Early Portal Vein Thrombosis after Right Trisegmentectomy
- Author
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Muneeb Ahmed, A. James Moser, Ammar Sarwar, Peter A. Soden, Khalid Khwaja, and John T. Moon
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Treatment outcome ,Catheter directed thrombolysis ,Transsplenic ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Portal vein thrombosis ,Text mining ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Embolization ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Published
- 2019
36. Causes and Rates of 30-day Readmissions after Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage Procedure
- Author
-
Muneeb Ahmed, Yojin Park, Christopher A. Hostage, Ammar Sarwar, Olga R. Brook, Nihara Chakrala, Geunwon Kim, Victor Novack, and Jeffrey L. Weinstein
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Radiography, Interventional ,Patient Readmission ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Odds ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cholangiography ,Risk Factors ,Interquartile range ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,Interventional radiology ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Models, Theoretical ,Confidence interval ,Bile Duct Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Emergency medicine ,Drainage ,Female ,business ,Medicaid ,Boston - Abstract
Purpose To investigate rates and causes of 30-day readmission for patients who undergo percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) procedures. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, PTBD procedures performed at a tertiary care institution (June 2008 to May 2013) were reviewed. For each patient, the first 30-day readmission was used to determine cause of readmission. Two interventional radiologists independently categorized causes for readmission as planned or unplanned, and unplanned causes as related to or unrelated to interventional radiology. Interventional radiology-related readmissions were categorized as potentially preventable or unpreventable. Factors associated with higher odds for 30-day readmission were identified with univariable and multivariable analysis. Results There were 266 procedures in 266 patients (mean age, 67 years; interquartile range, 57-76 years; 53.4% men). The cause of obstruction was malignant in 50.0% of patients (133 of 266). There were 122 of 266 patients (45.9%) readmitted within 30 days. Of these readmissions, 44 of 122 (36.1%) were planned and 78 of 122 (63.9%) were unplanned. A majority of unplanned readmissions (57 of 78; 73%) were related to interventional radiology. Of unplanned interventional radiology-related readmissions, 16% (nine of 57) were related to periprocedural complications and 51% (29 of 57) were considered preventable. At multivariable analysis, Medicaid insurance (odds ratio, 3.68; 95% confidence interval: 1.52, 9.99; P = .009) and bilateral PTBDs (odds ratio, 5.81; 95% confidence interval: 1.79, 18.90; P = .003) were associated with 30-day readmission. Conclusion Thirty-day readmissions after primary biliary drainage are common and a majority of unplanned readmissions are drain-related. Nearly half of unplanned interventional radiology-related readmissions are potentially preventable. © RSNA, 2018 See also the editorial by Nikolic in this issue.
- Published
- 2019
37. Sa1409: STAGE MIGRATION AFTER TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION AS A PREDICTOR OF SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
- Author
-
Ihab Kassab, Amit G. Singal, Aamir Ali, Manasa Narasimman, Ashwini Arvind, Muneeb Ahmed, Sagar Joshi, Komal Manzoor, Nicole E. Rich, Vincent L. Chen, Zhe Zhao, Ammar Sarwar, and Neehar D. Parikh
- Subjects
Hepatology ,Gastroenterology - Published
- 2022
38. Efficacy of TIPS Reduction for Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy, Right Heart Failure, and Liver Dysfunction
- Author
-
Nihara Chakrala, Raza Malik, Ammar Sarwar, Suvranu Ganguli, Mark D. Mangano, Muneeb Ahmed, and Anthony M. Esparaz
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Severity of Illness Index ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interquartile range ,Ascites ,medicine ,Paracentesis ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Embolization ,Hepatic encephalopathy ,Retrospective Studies ,Heart Failure ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Liver Diseases ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatic Encephalopathy ,Hydrothorax ,Portal hypertension ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical outcomes of patients undergoing TIPS reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant study, all TIPS reductions performed at two institutions from January 1, 2008 to January 31, 2016, were retrospectively identified. Patients were divided into two groups according to pre-TIPS symptoms: volume overload due to ascites or hydrothorax (VO; n = 14) or variceal bleeding (VB; n = 12). Patient demographics, pre-TIPS model for end-stage liver disease score, pre- and post-TIPS portosystemic gradients, and clinical parameters were recorded. The primary endpoint was change in symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE; West Haven criteria), right heart failure, or liver dysfunction. Secondary endpoints included paracentesis rate for the VO group and rebleeding for the VB group. RESULTS. The degree of HE increased in 24 of 26 patients (92%) after TIPS placement and decreased in 24 of 26 patients (92%) after TIPS reduction. Mean West Haven scores for the VO group decreased after TIPS reduction (from 2.57 ± 0.97 [SD] to 1.07 ± 0.70; p < .001). Mean West Haven scores for the VB group also decreased after TIPS reduction (from 2.45 ± 0.89 to 1.27 ± 0.86; p = .007). Right heart failure improved in two of three patients (67%), and total bilirubin improved in one of three patients (33%). Follow-up data were available up to median of 134 days (interquartile range, 44-286). TIPS reduction led to an increased paracentesis rate compared with before TIPS placement in four of 14 patients with VO (29%). One patient had a stable paracentesis rate after TIPS reduction compared with before TIPS placement. Variceal rebleeding did not occur in any patients with VB after TIPS reduction. At 54 days after TIPS reduction, one of the 12 patients with VB (9%) experienced hematemesis due to an endoscopically proven band-related ulcer. CONCLUSION. TIPS reduction successfully resolved HE and refractory right heart failure in most patients. In patients with VB, TIPS reduction with variceal embolization results in a low risk of short-term recurrent VB. However, in patients with VO, ascites may return or worsen after TIPS reduction despite improvement in HE.
- Published
- 2021
39. Neoadjuvant Yttrium-90 Transarterial Radioembolization with Resin Microspheres Prescribed Using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose Model for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
- Author
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Ammar Sarwar, Muneeb Ahmed, Imad Nasser, Damir Ljuboja, Andrea J. Bullock, A. Ali, Jeffrey L. Weinstein, Matthew Morrow, Anuradha S. Shenoy-Bhangle, Michael P. Curry, and Salomao Faintuch
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tare weight ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiation Dosage ,Cholangiocarcinoma ,Interquartile range ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Yttrium Radioisotopes ,Vein ,Neoadjuvant therapy ,Survival analysis ,Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Confidence interval ,Microspheres ,Neoadjuvant Therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ,Bile Duct Neoplasms ,Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ,Radiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) undergoing neoadjuvant yttrium-90 (90Y) transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with resin microspheres prescribed using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective institutional review board-approved study included 37 patients with iCCA treated with 90Y-TARE from October 2015 to September 2020. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) from 90Y-TARE. The secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors 1.1 imaging response, and downstaging to resection. Patients with tumor proximity to the middle hepatic vein (
- Published
- 2021
40. Abstract No. 439 Histological outcomes in resected tumor specimens after Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization using resin microspheres
- Author
-
J. Weinstein, Muneeb Ahmed, Salomao Faintuch, Imad Nasser, Ammar Sarwar, A. Ali, and Matthew Morrow
- Subjects
chemistry ,business.industry ,Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Yttrium ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Transarterial Radioembolization ,Nuclear medicine ,Microsphere - Published
- 2021
41. Health Services Research for Interventional Radiology Procedures in Large Databases-Implications for the Practicing Radiologist
- Author
-
Ammar Sarwar and Sharon Kwan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Radiologists ,Health services research ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Medical physics ,Interventional radiology ,Health Services Research ,Radiology, Interventional ,business - Published
- 2020
42. Yttrium-90 radioembolization using MIRD dosimetry with resin microspheres
- Author
-
Ammar, Sarwar, Alexei, Kudla, Jeffrey L, Weinstein, Aamir, Ali, Raza, Malik, Andrea, Bullock, Khalid O, Khwaja, Michael, Curry, Salomao, Faintuch, and Muneeb, Ahmed
- Subjects
Male ,Liver Neoplasms ,Humans ,Female ,Yttrium Radioisotopes ,Middle Aged ,Embolization, Therapeutic ,Microspheres ,Aged - Abstract
To review the technical feasibility of resin microsphere (SIR-Spheres®) yttrium-90 radioembolization prescribed using the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) model.All radioembolization procedures for hepatic malignancies using resin microspheres with MIRD model between November 2015 and February 2019 were included in this IRB-approved study (n = 60). Student's T test was used to compare prescribed activity based on MIRD and BSA models. Adverse events were assessed immediately, 30 days, and 6 months post-treatment.Sixty radioembolizations were performed in 54 patients (age 68 ± 9 years, 48-87 years, 35% female). Mean prescribed activity calculated by the MIRD model (target absorbed dose 120-200 Gy for primary and 80-200 Gy for metastatic liver cancers) was 1.7 GBq (0.3-6.4) compared with 0.6 GBq (0.12-2.1) if BSA had been used (p 0.0001). The prescribed activity was successfully delivered in 93% (56/60) treatments. Prophylactic embolization and anti-reflux catheters were used in 20% (12/60) and 5% (3/60) treatments, respectively. No immediate post-procedural complications occurred. Abdominal pain was the most common clinical Grade 3 CTCAE in 30 days (10%) and 6 months (12%). Radiation pneumonitis occurred in 3 (5%) patients but no radiation-induced gastric ulcer or radiation-induced liver disease occurred.MIRD dosimetry results in higher prescribed activity compared with BSA dosimetry with resin microspheres. MIRD prescribed activity with target absorbed doses up to 200 Gy can be successfully administered without prophylactic embolization in selected patients.•MIRD dosimetry results in higher prescribed activity compared with BSA dosimetry for radioembolization. •MIRD dosimetry can be used for yttrium-90 resin microsphere radioembolization with acceptable safety profile.
- Published
- 2020
43. Causes and Rates of 30-Day Readmissions After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts
- Author
-
Raza Malik, Elliot B. Tapper, Jeffrey L. Weinstein, Nihara Chakrala, Victor Novack, Muneeb Ahmed, and Ammar Sarwar
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiography, Interventional ,Patient Readmission ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ,Recurrence ,Risk Factors ,Ascites ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Hepatic encephalopathy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Interventional radiology ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hydrothorax ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic ,business ,Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt - Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and rates of 30-day readmission after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) at a single liver transplant center. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We reviewed 165 TIPS procedures performed between 2003 and 2013. After excluding patients who died during the index admission (n = 16), any readmission within 30 days of discharge was identified, and cause of readmission was determined. Causes were categorized as planned or unplanned and interventional radiology (IR)-related or IR-unrelated. Unplanned readmissions were independently categorized as preventable or unpreventable by two interventional radiologists. Discrepant opinions were resolved by consensus. Factors predictive of 30-day readmission were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS. The reviewed TIPS procedures were performed in 165 patients (mean age ± SD, 56 ± 11 years; 69% male, 31% female). TIPS were placed for ascites or hydrothorax in 82 patients (50%) and variceal bleeding in 83 patients (50%). The 30-day readmission rate was 21% (31/149). The most common causes for readmissions were ascites or hydrothorax (23%, 7/31) and hepatic encephalopathy (23%, 7/31). All 30-day readmissions were unplanned; 17 (55%) of them were potentially preventable. Of the 17 potentially preventable readmissions, five (29%) were IR-related and 12 (71%) were IR-unrelated. In IR-related readmissions, all patients presented with a recurrence of symptoms (rebleeding or ascites) and were found to have TIPS stenosis or occlusion. Mortality rates were similar between patients who were and were not readmitted (p = 0.23). On multivariate analysis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during the index admission was the only variable associated with 30-day readmission (odds ratio = 4.81, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION. Over half of 30-day readmissions after TIPS could have been prevented by early outpatient follow-up and intraprocedural technique to optimize stent landing zones.
- Published
- 2020
44. Transitioning the IR Clinic to Telehealth: A Single-Center Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Author
-
Salomao Faintuch, T. Lewis, Marwan Moussa, Seth A. Berkowitz, Muneeb Ahmed, Ammar Sarwar, and Julie C. Bulman
- Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,education ,Pneumonia, Viral ,MEDLINE ,Telehealth ,Radiology, Interventional ,Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pandemic ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,CMS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ,Single institution ,Pandemics ,Reimbursement ,health care economics and organizations ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Telemedicine ,United States ,MDC, multidisciplinary clinic ,HIPAA, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ,Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medical emergency ,business ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Coronavirus Infections ,Medicaid - Abstract
Telehealth has not previously been widely implemented as a result of regulatory and reimbursement concerns; however, in the current national emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has relaxed many of its rules, allowing increased adoption of telehealth services, improving the safety and access of outpatient health care. A complete understanding of the regulatory requirements, technologic options, and billing processes of telehealth is required to initiate a successful clinic. A model is presented here based on a single institution's experience with implementing telehealth in the outpatient interventional radiology clinic.
- Published
- 2020
45. Indications and Best Practices for Intra-arterial Therapies to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Author
-
Muneeb Ahmed, Michael Hsu, and Ammar Sarwar
- Subjects
Oncology ,Sorafenib ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,Combination therapy ,Tare weight ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Virology ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Liver cancer ,business ,Adverse effect ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The purpose of this review is to re-evaluate the role of intra-arterial therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recommended by contemporary staging systems. Currently, intra-arterial therapies are recommended by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system only for patients with BCLC B HCC in the form of trans-arterial chemoembolization. Recently, randomized controlled trials in patients with BCLC C HCC without metastatic disease have suggested a potential role for trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE) with fewer adverse events and better quality of life compared to sorafenib. Randomized controlled trials have also demonstrated the benefit of using combination therapy of trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with ablation for patients with BCLC A HCC [single tumors (3–7 cm)] compared to ablation alone. Finally, promising results from single-center studies indicate that TARE using a radiation segmentectomy technique may be a potentially curative therapy for tumors less than 3 cm, supporting its use in patients with BCLC A HCC that are not amenable to surgical or ablative therapies. Recent randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of intra-arterial therapies in subpopulations of BCLC stages A, B, and C. These studies highlight the need for careful patient assessment, staging, and multidisciplinary discussion to consider treatments that are not currently included in guidelines but can improve patient outcomes for HCC.
- Published
- 2018
46. Structured Reporting of IR Procedures: Effect on Report Compliance, Accuracy, and Satisfaction
- Author
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Muneeb Ahmed, Olga R. Brook, Michael Luo, Ammar Sarwar, Q. Nguyen, and Seth A. Berkowitz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality management ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,MEDLINE ,Documentation ,Personal Satisfaction ,Radiology, Interventional ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Structured reporting ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Medical physics ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Radiation dose ,Clinical Coding ,Retrospective cohort study ,Quality Improvement ,Radiology Information Systems ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Current Procedural Terminology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Relative value unit - Abstract
To compare effect of free-text versus structured reporting of IR procedures on report quality and report coding and value.In this retrospective study, 432 common consecutive free-text IR reports created during 4 months (from September 2013 to December 2013) before implementation of structured reporting (February 2014) and 415 structured IR reports created after implementation (from September 2014 to December 2014) were reviewed to assess ease of use and compliance with reporting requirements for regulatory requirements and coding. IR staff and trainees and referring physicians to IR were surveyed on procedure report attributes, such as detail, quality, and clarity.Structured reporting increased compliance with reporting fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and contrast administration compared with free-text reports (402/432 [93.1%] vs 251/415 [60.5%], P.001; 402/432 [93.1%] vs 242/415 [58.3%], P.001; and 395/432 [91.4%] vs 257/415 [61.9%], P.001). Structured reporting decreased addendum requests for insufficient documentation from 43% (121/435 [28%] to 50/415 [12%], P = .01). Most IR physicians found structured reports to require less time to complete (21/26 [81%]), to be easier to complete (23/26 [89%]), and to have a similar or higher level of detail (19/26 [73%]) compared with free-text reports. Referring physicians were more satisfied with structured reports compared with free-text reports (6.9/10 vs 5.6/10, P = .03).Structured IR reporting compared with free-text reporting improves compliance with radiation dose and contrast reporting, reporting and coding efficiency, and satisfaction among IR and referring physicians.
- Published
- 2018
47. Evaluating the Costs of IR in Health Care Delivery: Proceedings from a Society of Interventional Radiology Research Consensus Panel
- Author
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Sharon W. Kwan, Brian W. Bresnahan, F. Banovac, Raymond W. Liu, C. Matthew Hawkins, Katharine L. Krol, William D. Marder, Walead Latif, Ammar Sarwar, Ruth C. Carlos, Charles E. Ray, and Marcelo Guimaraes
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Interventional radiology ,Radiography, Interventional ,Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S ,United States ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Health care delivery ,End stage renal disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Delivery of Health Care ,Societies, Medical - Published
- 2017
48. MiRNAs directly targeting the key intermediates of biological pathways in pancreatic cancer
- Author
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Ammar Sarwar, Yanmin Zhang, Bo Wang, and Qi Su
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,MAP Kinase Signaling System ,Biochemistry ,stat ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pancreatic cancer ,microRNA ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Epigenetics ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Wnt signaling pathway ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Gene Targeting ,Cancer research ,Inflammation Mediators ,business ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is a severe form of malignancy all over the world. Delayed diagnosis and chemoresistance are the major factors contributing to its poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The genetic and epigenetic regulations of biological pathways further complicate the progression and chemotherapy response to this cancer. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) involvement has been observed in all types of cancers including PC. The understanding and categorization of miRNAs according to their specific targets are very important to develop early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The current review, emphasizing recent research findings, has categorized miRNAs that directly target the potential onco-factors that act as central converging signal-nodes in five major cancer-related pathways i.e., MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, AKT/mTOR, and TGFβ in PC. The therapeutic perspectives of miRNAs in PC have also been discussed. This will help to understand the interplay of various miRNAs within foremost signaling pathways and develop a multifactorial approach to treat difficult-to-treat PC.
- Published
- 2021
49. Abstract No. 70 Post-surgical outcomes for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant resin Yttrium-90 radioembolization using MIRD dosimetry
- Author
-
J. Weinstein, M. Subrize, Salomao Faintuch, Muneeb Ahmed, Ammar Sarwar, and A. Ali
- Subjects
Post surgical ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Dosimetry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Yttrium ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma - Published
- 2021
50. Abstract No. 75 Neoadjuvant Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization using MIRD dosimetry with resin microspheres
- Author
-
Imad Nasser, A. Ali, D. Eckhoff, Muneeb Ahmed, K. Raven, Ammar Sarwar, A. Evenson, J. Weinstein, Matthew Morrow, and Salomao Faintuch
- Subjects
chemistry ,business.industry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Dosimetry ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Yttrium ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Transarterial Radioembolization ,Microsphere - Published
- 2021
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