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The Spur-thighed tortoise has a large geographic distribution and can be infested by several tick species, mainly Hyalomma aegyptium. This tick has recently been confirmed as a natural carrier of numerous pathogenic, including zoonotic agents. The purpose of this study was to estimate the level of hard tick infestation in Mediterranean tortoises living in some regions of the west of Algeria (Oran, Mostaganem, and Tiaret) during the spring and summer of the year 2019. Among 39 turtles collected from the different study regions, 22 tested positive, which represents an infestation rate of 56.41 %. A total of 224 adult ticks and one nymph were collected, which can display a tick infestation intensity of 10.23 %. All of these ticks belong to a single species, which is Hyalomma aegyptium. In terms of abundance, this study showed 5.78 ticks/tortoise. Regarding sex, we have collected 198 male and 26 female ticks with a sex ratio of 7.62. The preferred attachment sites of Hyalomma aegyptium ticks were the inguinal, the limbs, and to a lesser degree, the neck. A few rare cases have been collected from the carapace. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of the intensity of H. aegyptium infestation on the tortoise’s health status and to assess the potential transmission of zoonotic pathogens.

Growth of crops in the semi-arid and arid regions of the world is significantly affected by salinity stress. The present study investigated maize, which is a globally cultivated crop and known for its salt sensitivity. Widespread cultivation and notable characteristics of maize make it an exemplary model for investigating stress response. We analyzed maize plants morphological and biochemical responses under salinity stress at different intervals. Current results showed that under 100 mM NaCl stress, germination rate of maize seeds decreases up to 40% compared to their respective control non-stressed seeds. Additionally, prolonged exposure to salinity stress negatively impacted various physiological and biochemical aspects of maize plants including shoot/root length, leaf width, and chlorophyll contents, especially in plants treated with NaCl for 21 days. Furthermore, our findings showed that the NaCl stress triggered various enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, including catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), total polyphenol (TPP), and flavonoid in maize plants. However, maize plants respond differently to NaCl stress regarding protein content in different durations. This research underscores the urgent need for innovative strategies to mitigate salinity stress and food security for local maize varieties in saline regions and provides valuable insights to tackle these challenges.

As worries about climate change and energy security grow, the need for clean and sustainable energy sources becomes increasingly critical. Among the possible alternatives, solar thermal technology provides a dependable and adaptable method for harnessing the sun's energy as heat. At the core of this technique is the solar thermal absorber, a critical component that converts sunlight into useful thermal energy. The Graphene Based Disk-Square Integration Resonator Solar Absorber (GBDSIRSA) structure is examined in this work between 200 and 2500 nm in wavelength. The GBDSIRSA has remarkable performance throughout a wide variety of spectral ranges, underscoring its adaptability and effectiveness. GBDSIRSA has exceptional efficiency in absorbing light over the full spectrum, from UV to MIR wavelengths, with an average absorptance of 97.73%. The absorptance rates are particularly high, achieving 94.02% in the UV, 96.36% in the VIS, 97.12% in the NIR, and an astounding 98.94% in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. The GBDSIRSA is independent of polarization effect and also an incident angle independent up to 80 degrees. The machine learning (Local Regression) approach used with test size of 0.2 and 1.8780 ×10-5 mean squared error for absorptance prediction has good prediction accuracy R2 of more than 95% which is applied to simulation resource reduction. Because of its wide absorptance spectrum, polarization and incident angle independence, the GBDSIRSA is a very promising technology for a variety of applications, including thermal imaging and renewable energy. It can efficiently harvest solar energy. All things considered, GBDSIRSA's remarkable absorptance properties highlight its promise as a top choice for cutting-edge optical and solar energy applications.

Abstract This paper introduces a novel, cost-effective solution designed to achieve large absorption bandwidth within the THz spectrum employing a miniaturized, single-layer metamaterial structure. The designed structure features a single circular ring composed of an ohmic resistive sheet with notably higher sheet resistance than traditional metallic resonators. This distinctive design is implemented on a lossy dielectric polyimide substrate with a backing of metallic gold. Our developed absorbing structure demonstrates the capability to achieve a substantial absorption bandwidth ranging from 3.78 to 4.25 THz, maintaining a consistent absorption rate of over 90%. Moreover, we conducted an analysis to assess its absorption performance under various sheet resistance values within the top layer. Additionally, we characterized its angular stability and polarization insensitivity through oblique incident and polarization angle analysis. Finally, an RLC circuital and interference theory approach is adopted to justify its simulated results. The proposed absorber shows potential for a broad spectrum of applications, encompassing communication, imaging, and diverse integrated circuits operating within the THz band.

Abstract Background Gastric adenomyoma is a rare benign tumor composed of glandular structures and smooth muscle fibers. While some classify gastric adenomyoma as a hamartoma, others view it as an abortive form of heterotopic pancreas. Despite its benign nature, there is a risk of malignant transformation. Predominantly found in the antrum, gastric adenomyoma affects all ages but is most common in adults aged 40–60 years. Symptoms are nonspecific, and its similarity to other lesions complicates diagnosis. This paper aims to provide a review of medical literature on gastric adenomyoma and its diagnosis and treatment methods, along with presenting an additional case report on the same topic. Case presentation We present the case of a 55-year-old Syrian man who experienced vomiting, weight loss, and chronic partial constipation. An obstructing mass in the pylorus was detected, and then an open surgery was performed to excise the lesion. A biopsy of the resected mass was obtained for histopathological examination. The final diagnosis of the lesion was pyloric-region adenomyoma with severe pyloric stenosis. After the successful surgery, the patient recovered without any recurrence or complications. Conclusions Several diagnostic approaches are available, including radiological studies, endoscopic examination, and fine needle aspiration guided by endoscopic ultrasonography. Treatment options involve endoscopic submucosal dissection and complete laparotomy resection. Further studies and thorough reviews are recommended to better understand the best clinical practices. Practitioners should consider gastric adenomyoma when encountering a mural gastric lesion.

Abstract Background Vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) is pivotal in decreasing the incidence of contagious infections in hospital settings. In this study, we assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding HCWs’ recommended vaccines among medical students and interns in Egypt. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured, pilot-tested, and self-administered questionnaire among Egyptian medical students and interns. We invited 1332 participants to our survey using a systematic random sampling that included participants across nine medical schools in Egypt during the 2021–2022 academic year. Results Out of 1332 participants, 1141 completed our questionnaire with a response rate of 85.7%. Overall, 43% of the participants had intermediate knowledge (knew 2–3 HCWs’ recommended vaccines). Furthermore, 36.7% had received a booster dose of at least one of the HCWs’ recommended vaccines over the last 10 years, with only 6.1% having received all recommended vaccines. Hepatitis B vaccine was the most widely known (71%) and received (66.7%). Interns were more likely to know, receive, and recommend HCWs’ recommended vaccines. The majority (> 90%) agreed that vaccination is beneficial and safe, with a median score of eight (interquartile range [IQR: Q25-Q75]: 7–9) out of ten for vaccine efficacy and eight (IQR: 7–8) for safety. However, the median score for hesitancy was five (IQR: 2–7). The most common influential and limiting factors for vaccination were scientific facts (60.1%) and fear of vaccine side effects (44.9%). Conclusion Although medical students in Egypt have good knowledge of and attitudes towards vaccination, there is a gap in their practices. Interventions are needed to improve vaccination uptake among medical students in Egypt.

A globally implemented unified phylogenetic classification for human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) below the subgroup level remains elusive. We formulated global consensus of HRSV classification on the basis of the challenges and limitations of our previous proposals and the future of genomic surveillance. From a high-quality curated dataset of 1,480 HRSV-A and 1,385 HRSV-B genomes submitted to GenBank and GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org) public sequence databases through March 2023, we categorized HRSV-A/B sequences into lineages based on phylogenetic clades and amino acid markers. We defined 24 lineages within HRSV-A and 16 within HRSV-B and provided guidelines for defining prospective lineages. Our classification demonstrated robustness in its applicability to both complete and partial genomes. We envision that this unified HRSV classification proposal will strengthen HRSV molecular epidemiology on a global scale.

Tacrolimus, an immunomodulatory agent with a rich history in transplantation medicine, has emerged as a pivotal player in ophthalmology. This comprehensive review navigates through its multifaceted role, encompassing both chronic and acute management scenarios. In chronic applications, tacrolimus showcases its efficacy in addressing autoimmune disorders, preventing graft rejection, and managing chronic inflammatory diseases. Noteworthy clinical trials and real-world applications emphasize its significant standing in the therapeutic landscape. In acute settings, tacrolimus demonstrates versatility by contributing to the management of ocular surface diseases, responding to sudden inflammatory events, and enhancing postsurgical interventions. Case studies underscore its efficacy in urgent and time-sensitive situations. The drug’s adaptability across chronic and acute applications positions it as a valuable asset for diverse ophthalmic conditions. As tacrolimus cements its role in clinical practice, ongoing research explores innovative drug delivery systems, precision medicine applications, and combination therapies. Comparative effectiveness studies shed light on its relative benefits, while real-world evidence contributes to a nuanced understanding of its long-term safety profile, concluding by highlighting tacrolimus’s significance in current clinical practice and offering insights into potential future directions, promising continued advancements in ophthalmic therapeutics.

Atmospheric Water Generation assumes substantial significance as an innovative remedy for addressing water scarcity and augmenting water resilience. This technology facilitates water extraction directly from the atmosphere, presenting a sustainable and decentralized approach to water supply. The investigation into the feasibility of attaining the dew point temperature for a heatsink operating in the climatic conditions of Basra was conducted using Fluent 22.1 software. The minimum dew point temperature under extreme conditions was determined to be 10.52℃. A thermoelectric device was a primary component in cooling the moisture-laden air to produce water from atmospheric air. Simulations were executed using two complementary and two integrated heatsinks under turbulent airflow conditions ranging from 4 to 20 m/s. The results indicated an inverse relationship between heat distribution within the heatsink and fluid flow velocity, emphasizing the crucial role of airflow passage arrangement in the condensation process. Enhancing the heatsink's surface area and reducing airflow quantity proved effective in achieving the dew point temperature. The lowest temperature attained was 9.2℃, featuring intersecting heat exchangers with a flow velocity of 4 m/s. The result indicated that altering the flow pattern affects the condensation process's surface temperature by as much as 38%, while the rise in pressure difference can reach 20%. Under the same operational conditions, the difference in thermal conductivity between two distinct heat exchanger configurations, attributed to pressure variations, is notably 8%. The study concludes that the Qurna region benefits from favorable weather conditions, encompassing temperature and relative humidity, thereby enabling water generation from atmospheric air, notwithstanding the consideration of the dew point temperature as a limiting factor.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to clarify the link between oral health-related quality of life (independent variable) and loneliness (outcome) among the general adult population (also stratified by sex). Methods Data were taken from a quota-based survey of the German general adult population (representative in terms of state, sex and age group), with n = 5,000 individuals (mean age was 46.9 years, SD: 15.3 years, ranging from 18 to 74 years). Oral health-related quality of life was quantified using the OHIP-G5. Loneliness was quantified using the De Jong Gierveld tool. Multiple linear regressions were conducted. Results After adjusting for several covariates, multiple linear regressions revealed that poor oral health-related quality of life is associated with higher loneliness levels in the total sample (β = 0.12, p

Apart from reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, chest radiographs (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans were employed as crucial diagnostic methods for detecting the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Our objective is to examine three notable COVID-19 instances from patients across the globe, along with their CXR and CT data. The evaluation of the imaging characteristics of the reported instances was the primary objective of a methodical examination of the literature. We located more than several articles that had been published between 2020 and 2023. After the papers were examined, three major cases were chosen, including a COVID-19 assessment of imaging features (chest X-ray and CT scan). Corona viral diseases (COVID-19) pose a significant risk to healthcare facilities, especially when the patient has additional medical issues. It is challenging to understand the various chest radiography results because of the use of specialized and ambiguous terminology such as “airspace disease”, “pneumonia”, “infiltrates”, “patchy opacities”, and “hazy opacities”. The current investigation considered peer-reviewed case reports with Images features. Study designs, including reporting cases, were considered for imaging feature analysis.

Abstract Objective Neurofilament heavy‐chain gene (NEFH) variants are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, however, their relationship with ALS has not been robustly explored. Still, NEFH is commonly included in genetic screening panels worldwide. We therefore aimed to determine if NEFH variants modify ALS risk. Methods Genetic data of 11,130 people with ALS and 7,416 controls from the literature and Project MinE were analysed. We performed meta‐analyses of published case–control studies reporting NEFH variants, and variant analysis of NEFH in Project MinE whole‐genome sequencing data. Results Fixed‐effects meta‐analysis found that rare (MAF

Abstract Background Quality sleep is vital for well-being, especially for healthcare workers facing high risks of fatigue and burnout. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive and motor functions, contributing to medical errors. Addressing sleep disorders among healthcare professionals is crucial for enhancing patient care. Tailored interventions are needed to support their well-being and improve healthcare outcomes. Objective To evaluate the effect of Sleep Quality and its Deprivation on Sudanese Healthcare Professionals amidst conflict in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of Sudanese doctors was conducted using convenience sampling. The questionnaire covered sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and psychological well-being. Pilot testing ensured questionnaire clarity. Data collection utilized Google Forms distributed through social media and professional networks. A minimum sample size of 384 was calculated. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and various tests for significance. Data were securely stored and analyzed using SPSS and R software. Results Among 649 participants, 404 (62.2%) were women, with a mean age of 30.34 years. Most were single (434, 66.9%). General practitioners constituted the largest professional group (267, 41.1%), followed by registrars/residents (142, 21.9%). Participants took an average of 43.70 minutes to fall asleep and slept an average of 5.90 hours per night. According to the PSQI, 300 (46.2%) reported mild sleep disturbance, 287 (44.2%) moderate, 42 (6.5%) severe, and only 20 (3.1%) normal sleep. The ESS revealed 285 (43.9%) with lower normal daytime sleepiness, 188 (29.0%) with higher normal, and various levels of excessive daytime sleepiness. Stress levels varied, with 398 (61.3%) reporting normal stress, while anxiety ranged from 248 (38.2%) normal to 148 (22.8%) extremely severe. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of addressing sleep quality, mental health, and performance challenges among Sudanese healthcare professionals. It highlights the need for hospitals to implement measures enabling more time off, adequate sleep, and reduced on-call service days. Healthcare workers must recognize the significance of these factors for their well-being and patient care quality. The research outcomes can raise awareness about the necessity of regulating healthcare practitioners' working hours and ensuring adequate sleep.

This study aimed to explore the impact of novel method in improving the functionality and nutritional value of lentil-quinoa protein complexes. The method involved manipulating protein interactions through pH shifting and the addition of trehalose, ultimately enhancing water solubility, digestibility, and the functionality. Fluorescence, ultraviolet, and Fourier-transform spectroscopic techniques were applied to characterize the structural and molecular properties of the trehalose-conjugated lentil-quinoa protein complexes at various concentrations. After trehalose conjugation, statistically significant alterations (p

ABSTRACTThe carrot is a root vegetable well-known for its high nutritional content and health advantages. It is well known for its strong antioxidant content, particularly carotenoids, which have been linked to cancer-fighting effects. Carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamins in carrots have been demonstrated to have anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and immune-boosting qualities, lending credence to the long-held concept that carrots are good for eye health. Numerous in-vivo and in-vitro research have revealed carrots’ numerous health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, and facilitate the excretion of fats and bile by the liver. Carrot seed extracts have also been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Carrot pomace, which contains about 50% -carotene, has been recognized as a valuable byproduct that can be economically helpful for boosting culinary products such as biscuits, bread, and cakes, as well as preparing various functional goods. Carrot pomace powder is used to create bread and extruded items, demonstrating this waste’s variety and prospective applications. This comprehensive review focuses on the nutritional composition, phytonutrients, functional properties, product development, and utilization of carrots and their byproducts. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the diverse uses and advantages of incorporating carrots into various food and health products by highlighting the potential health benefits and applications of carrots and their derivatives.

Central venous occlusion (CVO) or stenosis (CVS) is a common complication of long-term hemodialysis catheters. Endovascular intervention, primarily balloon angioplasty and occasionally stent placement, is the primary approach for managing CVS/CVO lesions. The presence of a filter within the inferior vena cava (IVC) lumen makes recanalization of the IVC more challenging. Here we present a complex case of a 47-year-old female with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), systemic lupus erythematosus, and recurrent deep venous thrombosis, necessitating an IVC filter, who became catheter-dependent via the right femoral vein and presented with total IVC occlusion below the filter. The occlusion was managed successfully with sequential angioplasty and stenting of the stenotic lesions. This intervention restored venous flow through the IVC into the right atrium and maintained dialysis access through the catheter. This case underscores the complexity of managing CVS/CVO in dialysis patients, especially with the presence of filters within the vascular dialysis conduit.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive benign fibroinflammatory condition involving repeated episodes of pancreatic inflammation, which lead to fibrotic tissue replacement and subsequent pancreatic insufficiency. A lifetime risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in patients with chronic pancreatitis is reported to be 1.5%-4%. However, diagnosis of PDAC in patients with CP can be challenging, in part due to overlapping imaging features. In rare instances, pancreatic parenchymal calcifications that are typically associated with chronic pancreatitis may diminish in the case of a developing PDAC. In this article, we present a patient with chronic pancreatitis in whom calcifications decreased at the time of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis, as compared to prior CT imaging. The unique imaging features of “diminishing calcifications” associated with a hypoattenuating lesion can potentially be a useful sign of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and may aid in early diagnosis and prompt treatment intervention.

Natural grazing is characterized by large area distribution and requires more effective and efficient tools. Changes in vegetation from green to yellow colors can be monitored through vegetation indices. This study aims to monitor changes in vegetation cover in Hauran Valley for three time periods, relying on data from the Landsat 8 satellite for the years 2014, and 2019 and the Landsat 9 satellite for the year 2023. The use of remote sensing techniques is represented by the Vegetation Cover Index and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with a threshold of 0.1 to determine and calculate the area of vegetation cover for each season. The percentage of change is calculated through the use of comparison techniques of the tools developed for ArcGIS to detect change in the vegetation index. Maps revealing changes showed a deterioration in agricultural lands for the year 2023 compared to agricultural lands for the years 2014 and 2019. Spatial analyses of Landsat satellite data indicate that NDVI can provide a sensitive tool to identify and monitor spatial and temporal changes in the vegetation status of diverse grazing lands.

Abstract This study investigates the ecological interaction between honeybees (Apis mellifera) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) plants, examining the mutual benefits of this relationship. Field experiments conducted in Egypt from December 2022 to May 2023 recorded diverse insect pollinators attracted to fennel flowers, especially honeybees. Assessing honeybee colonies near fennel fields showed improvements in sealed brood (357.5–772.5 cells), unsealed brood (176.3–343.8 cells), pollen collection (53.25–257.5 units), honey accumulation (257.5–877.5 units), and colony strength (7.75–10) over three weeks. Fennel exposure explained 88–99% of variability in foraging metrics. Comparing open versus self-pollinated fennel revealed enhanced attributes with bee pollination, including higher flower age (25.67 vs 19.67 days), more seeds per umbel (121.3 vs 95.33), bigger seeds (6.533 vs 4.400 mm), heavier seeds (0.510 vs 0.237 g/100 seeds), and increased fruit weight per umbel (0.619 vs 0.226 g). Natural variation in seed color and shape also occurred. The outcomes demonstrate the integral role of honeybees in fennel agroecosystems through efficient pollination services that improve crop productivity and quality. Fennel provides abundant nutritional resources that bolster honeybee colony health. This research elucidates the symbiotic bee-fennel relationship, underscoring mutualistic benefits and the importance of ecological conservation for sustainable agriculture.

Existing implants used with Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA), and other joint reconstruction treatments, have displayed premature failures and frequent needs for revision surgery in recent years, particularly with young active patients who represent more than 55% of all joint reconstruction patients. Bone cement and stress shielding have been identified as the major reasons for premature joint failures. A breakdown of the cement may happen, and revision surgery may be needed because of the aseptic loosening. The significant mismatch of stiffness properties of patient trabecular bones and metallic implant materials in joint reconstruction surgery results in the stress shielding phenomenon. This could lead to significant bone resorption and increased risk of bone fracture and the aseptic loosening of implants. The present project introduces an approach for development of customized cellular structures to match the mechanical properties and architecture of human trabecular bone. The present work aims at fulfilling the objectives of the introduced approach by exploring new designs of customized lattice structures and texture tailored to mimic closely patients’ bone anisotropic properties and that can incorporate an engineered biological press-fit fixation technique. The effects of various lattice design variables on the mechanical performance of the structure are examined through a systematic experimental plan using the statistical design of experiments technique and analysis of variance method. All tested lattice designs were explored under realistic geometrical, biological, and manufacturing constraints. Of the four design factors examined in this study, strut thickness was found to have the highest percent contribution (41%) regarding the structure stiffness, followed by unit cell type, and cell size. Strut shape was found to have the lowest effect with only 11% contribution. The introduced solution offers lattice structure designs that can be adjusted to match bone stiffness distribution and promote bone ingrowth and hence eliminating the phenomenon of stress shielding while incorporating biological press-fit fixation technique.

Abstract AidData’s Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset (Version 3.0) provides detailed information about more than 20,000 development projects across 165 low- and middle-income countries financed by 791 official sector Chinese donors and lenders from 2000 to 2021. In this study, we introduce a methodology for identifying the geospatial features of these projects. Our application of the methodology has resulted in the Geospatial Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset (Version 3.0), which captures the geospatial features of 9,405 projects across 148 low- and middle-income countries supported by Chinese grant and loan commitments worth more than USD 830 billion. The dataset provides details for 6,266 projects containing spatial definitions of roads, railways, power plants, transmission lines, buildings, and other precisely geocoded features. It identifies approximate and administrative-level locations for 3,139 additional projects. The methodology, dataset, and the code used to construct the dataset have been made publicly available to facilitate replication and future applications.

In recent times, there have been notable advancements in comprehending the potential anti-cancer effects of chrysin (CH), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound found abundantly in various plant sources like honey, propolis, and certain fruits and vegetables. This active compound has garnered significant attention due to its promising therapeutic qualities and minimal toxicity. CH’s ability to combat cancer arises from its multifaceted mechanisms of action, including the initiation of apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell cycle progression. CH also displays potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, effectively counteracting the harmful molecules that contribute to DNA damage and the development of cancer. Furthermore, CH has exhibited the potential to sensitize cancer cells to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, amplifying the effectiveness of these treatments while reducing their negative impact on healthy cells. Hence, in this current review, the composition, chemistry, mechanisms of action, safety concerns of CH, along with the feasibility of its nanoformulations. To conclude, the recent investigations into CH’s anti-cancer effects present a compelling glimpse into the potential of this natural compound as a complementary therapeutic element in the array of anti-cancer approaches, providing a safer and more comprehensive method of combating this devastating ailment.

Abstract Nanomaterials hold great promise for improving our society, and it is crucial to understand their effects on biological systems in order to enhance their properties and ensure their safety. However, the lack of consistency in experimental reporting, the absence of universally accepted machine-readable metadata standards, and the challenge of combining such standards hamper the reusability of previously produced data for risk assessment. Fortunately, the research community has responded to these challenges by developing minimum reporting standards that address several of these issues. By converting twelve published minimum reporting standards into a machine-readable representation using FAIR maturity indicators, we have created a machine-friendly approach to annotate and assess datasets’ reusability according to those standards. Furthermore, our NanoSafety Data Reusability Assessment (NSDRA) framework includes a metadata generator web application that can be integrated into experimental data management, and a new web application that can summarize the reusability of nanosafety datasets for one or more subsets of maturity indicators, tailored to specific computational risk assessment use cases. This approach enhances the transparency, communication, and reusability of experimental data and metadata. With this improved FAIR approach, we can facilitate the reuse of nanosafety research for exploration, toxicity prediction, and regulation, thereby advancing the field and benefiting society as a whole.

Abstract Background Emergency department (ED) nurses are exposed to the risk of secondary traumatic stress (STS), which poses a threat not only to nurses’ health and psychological well-being but also adversely affects the execution of their professional duties. The quality and outcome of their nursing services are negatively affected by STS. Purpose The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the prevalence and intensity of Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) among Emergency Department (ED) nurses. It aims to identify and analyze the socio-demographic, occupational, and psychological factors that influence the severity and variation of STS experienced by these nurses. Methods The study utilized a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, including two phases. Phase 1 employed a cross-sectional study design, utilizing a convenience sample of 181 nurses to explore the levels of STS and the factors associated with it. Following this, Phase 2 was structured as a qualitative descriptive study, which involved conducting semi-structured interviews with a purposefully selected group of ten ED nurses. Data collection took place at three major hospitals in Saudi Arabia during the period from January to June 2022. Results A total of 181 participants were included in the study. The mean STSS score reported by the nurses was 51 (SD = 13.23) out of the maximum possible score of 85, indicating severe STS among ED nurses. Factors associated with an increase in the levels of STS among ED nurses included being female, older in age, married, possessing higher education and experience, having a positive relationship with colleagues, receiving organisational support, and dealing with a higher number of trauma cases. Several themes emerged from the qualitative interviews including: ED Characteristics: Dual Impact on STS, Emotional Resonance and Vulnerability, Personal Life Stressors, The Ability to Cope, and Social Support. Conclusion and implications for practice Future strategies and interventions targeting STS should be prioritized to effectively manage its impact on ED nurses. It is crucial to develop targeted interventions that address the specific factors contributing to STS, as identified in this study. Additionally, these findings aim to enhance awareness among nursing administrators, managers, and supervisors about the critical factors associated with STS. This awareness is essential for accurately assessing and developing interventions that mitigate STS among nursing staff.

Abstract The organic enrichment effects on the meiofauna and nematofauna were assessed for field sediment and other experimental ones enriched with organic matters conducted in the laboratory for 4 weeks. Also, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were monitored for each one. The abundance and diversity of meiofaunal groups and nematofauna varied. Strong significant correlations were found between DO and the studied items. Nematoda was the most abundant group in the field sediment and other experimental ones; their counts increased with the increase in organic enrichments and were dominated by deposit feeders. Amphipoda, Ostracoda and predator/omnivore nematodes disappeared in highly organic-enriched sediments. Changes in DO and organic enrichments might be the more attributable reasons for the alteration of the meiobenthic assemblages. The generic compositions of Nematoda provide a good indicator for environmental alterations.

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been a noteworthy increase in research exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and bariatric surgery. This increase can be attributed to the growing recognition of the importance of gut microbiota in diverse health issues, such as obesity, and its alterations following bariatric surgery. Consequently, this study seeks to employ bibliometric analysis to show the current research landscape and identify key areas of focus for future investigations on the link between bariatric surgery and gut microbiota. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of the Scopus database to gather literature concerning bariatric surgery and its impact on the gut microbiota. The search encompassed documents published between 2009 and 2023. To analyze the bibliometric data, we employed diverse metrics, including publication count, citation count, and evaluation of the performance of countries, institutions, and journals. Additionally, we utilized VOSviewer to visually present the findings. Results A total of 555 articles focused on the correlation between bariatric surgery and the gut microbiota. Original research articles constituted 55.32% of all publications on this topic, followed by reviews at 37.30%. The leading countries in terms of publication volume were the USA (n = 156; 28.11%), China (n = 73; 13.15%), and the UK (n = 52; 9.37%). Co-occurrence analysis highlighted three main clusters of research topics: (1) the impact of bariatric surgery on the gut microbiota composition in relation to obesity remission, (2) the relationship between glucose metabolism, circulating bile acids, gut hormones, and gut microbiome remodeling, and (3) the connections between alterations in the gut microbiota and insulin resistance. Conclusions Ongoing research has investigated the connection between bariatric surgery and the gut microbiota, providing new perspectives on metabolic improvements after surgery. Further studies are necessary to comprehensively grasp how bariatric procedures influence the gut microbiota and to formulate precise interventions aimed at optimizing the health advantages of surgery.

Abstract Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) have been proposed to facilitate mechanistic understanding of interactions of chemicals/materials with biological systems. Each AOP starts with a molecular initiating event (MIE) and possibly ends with adverse outcome(s) (AOs) via a series of key events (KEs). So far, the interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with biomolecules, biomembranes, cells, and biological structures, in general, is not yet fully elucidated. There is also a huge lack of information on which AOPs are ENMs-relevant or -specific, despite numerous published data on toxicological endpoints they trigger, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. We propose to integrate related data and knowledge recently collected. Our approach combines the annotation of nanomaterials and their MIEs with ontology annotation to demonstrate how we can then query AOPs and biological pathway information for these materials. We conclude that a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) representation of the ENM-MIE knowledge simplifies integration with other knowledge. Scientific contribution This study introduces a new database linking nanomaterial stressors to the first known MIE or KE. Second, it presents a reproducible workflow to analyze and summarize this knowledge. Third, this work extends the use of semantic web technologies to the field of nanoinformatics and nanosafety.

Regular monitoring and inspection of military railroad tracks are necessary to ensure the safe transportation of military freight. Manual railroad inspection has drawbacks and limitations that can impact accuracy and efficiency. This study introduces a novel tool designed to automate Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) imaging interpretation for railroad ballast condition assessment, aiming to reduce human intervention in inspections. The tool uses advanced signal processing techniques, such as the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Wavelet Transform (WT), to quantify ballast fouling levels accurately, enhancing maintenance and safety protocols for railroad tracks. Validation through comprehensive testing, including two case studies, demonstrates the tool’s superior efficacy over traditional manual inspection methods. This research represents a pivotal step towards more efficient and reliable infrastructure management, ensuring critical railroad systems’ safety and operational integrity.

In this review, in addition to the potential cardiovascular applications of β-blockers and, more specifically, propranolol, we wanted to list the more recent applications in psychiatry as well as current knowledge on the impact of oxidative stress on propranolol hydrochloride and the oxidative stress that could be limited by the latter. In fact, a number of studies show that this molecule is modified by oxidative stress but is also able to limit it. Mention is also made to studies on the increasingly important problem of eliminating drug waste and its impact on the environment, particularly the marine environment. Given the increase in the consumption of medicines, more rigorous waste management is needed to avoid impacting biodiversity.

Abstract The development of novel antioxidant compounds with high efficacy and low toxicity is of utmost importance in the medicine and food industries. Moreover, with increasing concerns about the safety of synthetic components, scientists are beginning to search for natural sources of antioxidants, especially essential oils (EOs). The combination of EOs may produce a higher scavenging profile than a single oil due to better chemical diversity in the mixture. Therefore, this exploratory study aims to assess the antioxidant activity of three EOs extracted from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus in individual and combined forms using the augmented-simplex design methodology. The in vitro antioxidant assays were performed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging approaches. The results of the Chromatography Gas-Mass spectrometry (CG-MS) characterization showed that citral (29.62%) and niral (27.32%) are the main components for C. flexuosus, while d-carvone (62.09%) and d-limonene (29.58%) are the most dominant substances in C. carvi. By contrast, β-asarone (69.11%) was identified as the principal component of A. calamus (30.2%). The individual EO exhibits variable scavenging activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals. These effects were enhanced through the mixture of the three EOs. The optimal antioxidant formulation consisted of 20% C. flexuosus, 53% C. carvi, and 27% A. calamus for DPPHIC50. Whereas 17% C. flexuosus, 43% C. carvi, and 40% A. calamus is the best combination leading to the highest scavenging activity against ABTS radical. These findings suggest a new research avenue for EOs combinations to be developed as novel natural formulations useful in food and biopharmaceutical products.

Abstract Predicting the course of kidney disease in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant clinical and policy challenge. In several regions, DM is now the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study to identify both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, along with clinical markers and coexisting conditions, that increase the likelihood of stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in individuals with type 2 DM in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This was a single-center retrospective cohort study based on data derived from electronic medical records of UAE patients with DM who were registered at outpatient clinics at Tawam Hospital in Al Ain, UAE, between January 2011 and December 2021. Type 2 DM patients aged ≥ 18 years who had serum HbA1c levels ≥ 6.5% were included in the study. Patients with type 1 DM, who had undergone permanent renal replacement therapy, who had under 1 year of follow-up, or who had missing or incomplete data were excluded from the study. Factors associated with diabetic patients developing stage 3–5 CKD were identified through Cox regression analysis and a fine and gray competing risk model to account for competing events that could potentially hinder the development of CKD. A total of 1003 patients were recruited for the study. The mean age of the study cohort at baseline was 70.6 ± 28.2 years. Several factors were found to increase the risk of developing stage 3–5 CKD: advancing age (HR 1.005, 95% CI 1.002–1.009, p = 0.026), a history of hypertension (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.032–2.8, p = 0.037), a history of heart disease (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16–1.92, p = 0.002), elevated levels of serum creatinine (HR 1.006, 95% CI 1.002–1.010, p = 0.003), decreased levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR 0.943, 95% CI, 0.938–0.947; p

Abstract This study investigated the effectiveness of suspended shade covers in reducing evaporation rates and improving evaporation suppression efficiency. The experiment tested different shading colors (black, white, and green) and intensities (50, 70, and 90%) while considering ecological and economical aspects. Evaporation was determined using class-A evaporation pans, and various microclimatic variables were measured below the shade covers. Additionally, water quality parameters such as EC, phosphate, nitrate, and chloride concentrations were monitored. The results showed that black covers had the highest evaporation suppression efficiency with values of 56.8, 53.6, and 51.7% observed under 90% shading intensity for the black, green, and white covers, respectively. Despite variations in water quality parameters which all met Jordanian and FAO standards for irrigation water, the economic feasibility of installing these covers was found to be viable due to the resulting benefits in water conservation and crop production. However, selecting the best shading cover should consider the multipurpose use of agricultural reservoirs, including aquaculture, and further studies are recommended to investigate other overlapping aspects on a reservoir scale.

Key Clinical Message Topical papaverine is an effective vasodilator that can be used for dilating small veins to accept venous couplers for thumb replantation. This technique corrects size mismatches for successful venous anastomosis and minimizes postoperative complications. Abstract Thumb replantation is a complex microsurgical procedure used to restore function and appearance after amputation. A successful venous anastomosis is essential in replantations; however, venous couplers can mismatch the size of veins and lead to obstacles. A 26‐year‐old male presented with a left thumb amputation caused by an electric saw injury. The amputated thumb was preserved and replantation surgery was performed 9 h post‐injury. The digital artery and veins were repaired but a size mismatch was found between the only salvageable superficial vein (0.7 mm) and the smallest available venous coupler (1 mm). The vein was dilated to accept the coupler by a series of applications of topical papaverine (1 mg/mL). This allowed venous anastomosis to be accomplished in 25 min. Postoperative follow‐up showed good thumb function, sensation, and circulation. Venous anastomosis is vital in thumb replantation to avoid venous congestion hence survival of the replanted thumb. Venous couplers shorten operative time and decrease the risk of postoperative complications. Papaverine is a vasodilator and facilitates venous anastomosis when veins and couplers are mismatched. This case demonstrates how papaverine, a vasodilator, may be used to improve surgical outcome during thumb replantation when small veins prevent venous coupler use.

IntroductionThe influence of chitosan's physicochemical characteristics on the functionality of lactic acid bacteria and the production of lactic acid remains very obscure and contradictory to date. While some studies have shown a stimulatory effect of oligochitosans on the growth of Lactobacillus spp, other studies declare a bactericidal effect of chitosan. The lack and contradiction of knowledge prompted us to study the effect of chitosan on the growth and productivity of L. bulgaricus in the presence of chitosan and its derivatives.MethodsWe used high molecular weight chitosan (350 kDa) and oligochitosans (25.4 and 45.3 kDa). The experiment was carried out with commercial strain of L. bulgaricus and the low fat skim cow milk powder reconstituted with sterile distilled water. After fermentation, dynamic viscosity, titratable acidity, pH, content of lactic acid, colony forming units, chitosan and oligochitosans radii were measured in the samples. Fermented dairy products were also examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and light microscopy.Results and discussionThe results of the study showed that when L. bulgaricus was cultured in the presence of 25.4 kDa oligochitosans at concentrations of 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.0075% and 0.01%, the average rate of LA synthesis over 24 hours was 11.0 × 10−3 mol/L/h, 8.7 × 10−3 mol/L/h, 6.8 × 10−3 mol/L/h, 5.8 × 10−3 mol/L/h, respectively. The 45.3 kDa oligochitosans had a similar effect, while the average rate of lactic acid synthesis in the control sample was only 3.5 × 10−3 mol/L/h. Notably, 350 kDa chitosan did not affect the rate of lactic acid synthesis compared with the control sample. Interestingly, interaction of chitosan with L. bulgaricus led to a slowdown in the synthesis of propanol, an increase in the content of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, and a change in the composition and content of other secondary metabolites. The quantity of L. bulgaricus in a sample with 0.01% chitosan exceeded their content in the control sample by more than 1,700 times. At the same chitosan concentration, the fermentation process was slowed down, increasing the shelf life of the fermented milk product from 5 to 17 days while maintaining a high content of L. bulgaricus (6.34 × 106 CFU/g).

OBJECTIVES Programmatic assessment approaches can be extended to the design of allied health professions training, to enhance the learning of trainees. The Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine worked with assessment specialists at the Australian Council for Educational Research and Amplexa Consulting, to revise their medical physics and radiopharmaceutical science training programs. One of the central aims of the revisions was to produce a training program that provides standardized training support to their registrars throughout the 3 years, better supporting their registrars to successfully complete the program in the time frame through providing timely and constructive feedback on the registrar's progression. METHODS We used the principles of programmatic assessment to revise the assessment methods and progression decisions in the three training programs. RESULTS We revised the 3-year training programs for diagnostic imaging medical physics, radiation oncology medical physics and radiopharmaceutical science in Australia and New Zealand, incorporating clear stages of training and associated progression points. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the advantages and difficulties that have arisen with this implementation. We found 5 key elements necessary for implementing programmatic assessment in these specialized contexts: embracing blurred boundaries between assessment of and for learning, adapting the approach to each specialized context, change management, engaging subject matter experts, and clear communication to registrars/trainees.

In the current network security framework, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) happen to be among the major players in ensuring that the network activity is being monitored round the clock for any intrusions which may occur. The rising degree of cyber threats’ intricacy enforces the constant development of IDS methodologies to maintain effectiveness in detecting and reversing the emergence of any extra risks. Therefore, to settle the matter featured by, this research studies try to incorporate the most powerful metaheuristic algorithms, Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) in particular, to develop better detection accuracy and efficiency. The core obstacle recognized in this article is the fact that many systems of IDS send out false alarms and their mechanisms of detection of the true anomalies need to be improved immensely. In a nutshell, the change would unveil a fresh way of using LOA and GWO using them to promote the enhancement of internet defences systems in real-time. These schemes can discover previously unknown weaknesses or stealthy attacks. The core of this undertaking would consist in the conception and implementing of a Hybrid Network Intrusion Detection System, which will be created by blending the Lion Optimization Feature Selection (LOFS) and GWO smelters, denoted as LOFSGWO. Critically, the main purpose is to incorporate the GWO as a tool in the operations to cut down the dangerous parameters favourable towards an intrusion mechanism in the framework of a Hybrid CNN-LSTM Deep Learning system. Model tests reveal over 99.26% accuracy of low negative samples into out of a box that are served as testing as well as NSL-KDD dataset, which are similar to the simulation of WUSTL-EOM 2020 system. The obtained outcomes verify the relevance and efficiency of the suggested strategy, which may be used in the resolution of the issues faced in a network security today.

Considered distributed delay control strategy for Leader-Following cyber secure consensus in Riemann–Liouville fractional-order delayed Multi-Agent system under Denial-of-Service Attacks, where the associated topology is a switching weighted digraph. By using the classical Lyapunov technique and algebraic graph theory some algebraic criteria are offered. The new aspect of this paper is how thoroughly it discusses denial-of-service (DoS) attacks in the context of fractional-order delayed systems and how to create defences to keep cybersecure consensus maintained. It suggests a distributed delay control approach that ensures agents can reach a consensus even with these difficulties and in the case of DoS (denial-of-service) attacks. This work is significant because it incorporates cybersecurity techniques to strengthen the system’s resilience against disruptive assaults, in addition to addressing the technical issues related to delays and fractional-order behaviours. This contribution is essential for enhancing the security and dependability of distributed systems in applications such as networked sensors and autonomous vehicles. To further demonstrate the applicability of our method, two instances are given.

Object detection is widely utilized in many applications, such as airport surveillance, prevention of potential collisions, aid in airspace management, and enhancing overall aviation safety. This paper proposes an algorithm for airplane detection regardless of the airplane’s model, type, or color variations. The main challenges in automatic airplane detection tasks could be the differences in scale, the orientation of the airplanes, and similarity with other objects. Therefore, an airplane detection system must be designed to achieve good discrimination without the influence of airplane rotation, pose, or resolution. Object detection can be performed by considering three major phases, i.e., feature extraction, detection of an airplane, and evaluation of the airplane. To extract the plane region, a deep feature extraction method is used with the VGG model. The plane is detected using the SVM. Two datasets were used to evaluate the designed system’s effectiveness. The results achieved a 99% F score using the Caltech-101 dataset and 98% for the FGVC-aircraft dataset.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. This study integrates common genetic association results from the latest ALS genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics with functional genomic annotations with the aim of providing mechanistic insights into ALS risk loci, inferring drug repurposing opportunities, and enhancing prediction of ALS risk and clinical characteristics. Methods: Genes associated with ALS were identified using GWAS summary statistic methodology including SuSiE SNP-based fine-mapping, and transcriptome- and proteome-wide association study (TWAS/PWAS) analyses. Using several approaches, gene associations were integrated with the DrugTargetor drug-gene interaction database to identify drugs that could be repurposed for the treatment of ALS. Furthermore, ALS gene associations from TWAS were combined with observed blood expression in two external ALS case-control datasets to calculate polytranscriptomic scores and evaluate their utility for prediction of ALS risk and clinical characteristics, including site of onset, age at onset, and survival. Results: SNP-based fine-mapping, TWAS and PWAS identified 118 genes associated with ALS, with TWAS and PWAS providing novel mechanistic insights. Drug repurposing analyses identified six drugs significantly enriched for interactions with ALS associated genes, though directionality could not be determined. Additionally, drug class enrichment analysis showed gene signatures linked to calcium channel blockers may reduce ALS risk, whereas antiepileptic drugs may increase ALS risk. Across the two observed expression target samples, ALS polytranscriptomic scores significantly predicted ALS risk (R2 = 5.1 %; p-value = 3.2 × 10−27) and clinical characteristics. Conclusions: Functionally-informed analyses of ALS GWAS summary statistics identified novel mechanistic insights into ALS aetiology, highlighted several therapeutic research avenues, and enabled statistically significant prediction of ALS risk.

Prior research has primarily focused on Atterberg limits, void ratios, and/or water content, often disregarding the impact of coarse material percentage in the soil, which significantly affects compressibility behavior. This paper examines the effects of sand content, initial degree of saturation, and initial dry unit weight on the compressibility behavior of expansive soils. Ninty-six oedometer tests were performed in order to accurately predict the compressibility behavior of expansive soils. The previous studies have attempted to correlate compressibility with different index properties separately, but no single study has taken into consideration all properties influencing compressibility behavior, especially for expansive soils. The findings show that compressibility is greatly influenced by the sand content, initial degree of saturation, and initial dry unit weight. Increasing the initial dry unit weight specifically lowers the compression index and permeability while raising the recompression index for the same percentage of added sand. Moreover, since swelling reduces with increasing initial saturation, raising the saturation degree also lowers the permeability, recompression index, and compression index. The results indicate that a sand content of more than 30 % is recommended for achieving desired properties in expansive clayey soil. This is a result of sand taking the dominant role in the soil mixture, which lowers soil suction and improves soil properties by reducing swelling, permeability, and compressibility. Symbolic regression equations were created to predict the compression and recompression indices, outperforming previous models in accurately predicting the compressibility behavior of expansive soils, considering the percentage of sand. The validation of these equations demonstrates their predictive capabilities.

Topological defects (TDs) manifest in many condensed matter systems. In liquid crystals (LCs), they occur as point or line singularities in the otherwise smooth director profile. Engineered and controllable TDs are of great interest for functional optoelectronic devices; however, the formation mechanism in patterned devices is not fully understood. In this work, electrically addressable TDs in doped mixtures of prototypical n‐alkyl‐cyanobiphenyl LCs 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB) and 4‐cyano‐4′‐octylbiphenyl (8CB) are focused on. Doping concentrations of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are varied and the effect of varying the host LC properties (through binary 5CB:8CB mixtures) on defect formation is studied. In the results, a strong correlation between LC “fluidity” and the ease of defect array formation is presented, with 0.5 wt% CTAB‐doped 5CB giving the best controllability/uniformity of TDs at low‐threshold voltages. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the devices can be utilized as electrically switchable optical diffractive elements. In these findings, directions are mapped out that future studies can take in designing deterministic, electrically or magnetically tunable TD‐based photonic devices using LC systems.

Medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries in traditional medicine systems worldwide, providing a rich source of bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities. Lavandula officinalis, a member of the Lamiaceae family, has been recognized for its multifaceted pharmacological activities. In this current investigation, our primary objective was to scrutinize the in vitro inhibitory potential of L. officinalis essential oil (LOEO) against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, with the aim of understanding its antidiabetic effects. Additionally, the assay encompassed tyrosinase and lipoxygenase (LOX) to assess its anti-inflammatory attributes. Unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms of these activities prompted an in-silico study. The purpose was to establish correlations between in-vitro observations and computational insights derived from molecular docking, which forecasts the interaction of LOEO molecules with their respective targets, alongside ADMET prediction. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis allow to identify eighteen compounds, with the dominance of L−camphor (43.12 %), 1,8−cineole (34.27 %) and borneol (8.60 %) in LOEO. The antidiabetic evaluation revealed that LOEO exhibited noteworthy inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, displaying IC50 values of 3.14 ± 0.05 mg/mL and 2.07 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. The subsequent in-silico study highlighted the particularly strong binding affinity of (E)-Farnesene, with a binding score of −7.4 kcal/mol for alpha-glucosidase, while Germacrene D displayed the highest affinity among the ligands (−7.9 kcal/mol) for the alpha-amylase target. Furthermore, the investigation into in vitro anti-inflammatory activity unveiled LOEO efficacy against tyrosinase (IC50 = 42.74 μg/mL) and LOX (IC50 = 11.58 ± 0.07 μg/mL). The in-silico analysis echoed these findings, indicating α-Cadinene's notable binding affinity of 6 kcal/mol with tyrosinase and α-Cedrene's binding score of −6.5 kcal/mol for LOX. Impressively, for both COX-1 and COX-2, α-Cedrene exhibited significant binding affinities of −7.6 and −7.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The convergence between the in vitro and in silico outcomes underscores the potential of LOEO and its constituent compounds as potent inhibitors targeting both diabetes and the inflammatory processes.

Protected areas play a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, they face mounting challenges from environmental pressures. This study examines the Oshtorankooh Protected Area (OPA) in Iran, evaluating its vulnerability to various environmental hazards from 2010 to 2020.A comprehensive set of variables, including physiographic, climatic, geological, edaphic, vegetative, hydrological, and socio-economic factors, were utilized to compute 45 vulnerability indicators across three dimensions: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity for 2010 and 2020. Maps of these indicators were created and standardized, with weights assigned using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Composite indices for exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity were then developed by integrating these weighted and standardized maps.The vulnerability indices for grid cells within the OPA enabled the identification of spatial vulnerability patterns, highlighting heightened vulnerability in the northern and western sectors influenced by factors such as drought variability, social vulnerability, evapotranspiration rates, spring discharge, and runoff dynamics. Results indicate a notable increase in vulnerability over the study period, with index values rising from 0.76 in 2010 to 2.04 in 2020. This spatially explicit vulnerability assessment underscores the dynamic nature of vulnerabilities within protected areas, emphasizing the necessity for adaptive management strategies. The findings stress the importance of tailored, evidence-based management approaches to mitigate risks and preserve ecological and socio-economic values. Implementing adaptive management strategies informed by this assessment can bolster the resilience of protected areas against environmental threats, thereby advancing global conservation efforts.

Baghdad is considered one of the most crowded cities, and it is the location of all government institutions, making it a destination for people from all other provinces. This results in increased traffic density, which in turn leads to increased emissions that contribute to air pollution in the form of gases and particulate matter. This study was conducted from July to December 2022 in the Karkh district of the city, where the Salahuddin highway was divided into five sites based on the presence or absence of plant barriers on either side of the road. PM10 and PM2.5 pollutant concentrations and climatic factors were measured at each site during morning and afternoon peak hours. The study found that concentrations exceeded local and global standards at all sites by several times, posing a real health and environmental risk in the city's atmosphere. The highest concentrations were found at site (E), followed by sites (A) and (D), which were all devoid of plant barriers except for scattered trees. The lowest concentrations were recorded at sites (B) and (C), which contained plant barriers on either side of the road and in median barriers. Although these plant barriers and median barriers did not meet the best standards, they contributed to reducing particulate pollutants by a good percentage compared to the first three sites. Climate factors played a role during the study period, which extended during the summer and winter seasons. Heat and wind speed had a negative correlation with PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, while relative humidity had a positive correlation. Therefore, from what has been presented, it is necessary to increase the use of public transportation buses for their role in reducing the number of private cars on the street and to focus on planting plants and trees on the sides and in the middle of roads for their role in reducing air and visual pollution and providing natural shade for pedestrians and vehicles.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood condition characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, leading to chronic hemolysis and vaso-occlusive complications. Caregivers of children with SCD often experience significant distress, akin to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to measure the degree of trauma and post-traumatic growth among parents (caregivers) of children with SCD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 294 primary caregivers were recruited for this study, through direct phone calls and online outreach using contact information obtained from their primary treating physician in Maternity and Children Hospitals and the Hereditary Blood Diseases Center in Al-Ahsa. Inclusion criteria required caregivers not to be receiving professional mental health care and to have a child with SCD below the age of 18. Results indicate that caregiver gender significantly affected IESR scores, with mothers reporting higher scores than fathers. Family income had a significant effect on IESR as well. In terms of education level, higher-educated caregivers were less likely to experience severe trauma. Significant differences emerged between online and phone interview participants, with online respondents reporting higher post-traumatic growth and higher trauma levels. This study represents a crucial step in understanding the challenges faced by caregivers of children with SCD in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. However, the study has limitations, including a substantial portion of the sample being from a single clinic and a cross-sectional design.

The indications for stent grafts (SG) placement within the dialysis vascular access include recurrent stenosis at the venous anastomosis of arteriovenous grafts, vessel rupture, pseudoaneurysm exclusion, and intra-stent stenosis. Controversy exists regarding the use of SGs within the cannulation zone due to the theoretical risks of increased infection and stent fracture. While prospective studies are lacking, several retrospective studies demonstrated the safety of SG use within the cannulation area. However, the short-term nature of these retrospective studies makes it challenging to draw any reasonable conclusions about SG's long-term safety profile. The presented case here showed that the accumulative exposure to needle injury during dialysis therapy was associated with fracturing the stent leading to life-threatening skin ulcerations that required immediate surgical intervention. Additionally, this case suggests that deploying SG within the cannulation segment should be reserved for those with poor survival and have exhausted other access options.

The study aims to identify the relationship between Counter-Reality Thinking and social anxiety among a sample of students in Anbar University. It also aims to investigate the differences in Counter-Reality Thinking and social anxiety according to gender variable (Male - Female) and specialization (Scientific - Humanities). The researchers used a descriptive correlation method. The sample of the current study consisted of (430) male and female students from the University of Anbar. The researchers adopted the Counter-Reality Thinking scale prepared by Mark Rye and others consisting of 15 items and also developed a social anxiety scale, which consists of 43 items distributed into six aspects. Results of the study revealed that there is a high and statistically significant scores in Counter-Reality Thinking and social anxiety scores, there are differences in the social anxiety variable between male and female students, in favour of males, there are differences in the Counter-Reality Thinking variable based on the specialization and in favour of the scientific specialization, there are differences in the Counter-Reality Thinking variable between male and female students and in favour of males, there are differences in the variable of social anxiety according to the variable of specialization and in favour of humanities specialization, and there is a positive correlation between the Counter-Reality Thinking and social anxiety