Search

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is a public health issue in developing countries because of its high prevalence and its maternal and perinatal bad outcomes. It affects 24.8% of the world population and 67.6% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, anaemia prevalence is estimated at 68.3%. In Burkina, preventive measures for anaemia in pregnancy have been implemented by the ministry of health to reduce its burden. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological, clinical and the outcomes of anaemia in pregnant women at OUAHIGOUYA REGIONAL HOSPITAL. Findings will be used to strengthen the preventives measures for anaemia in pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted during a four-month period from October, 28th, 2014 to February, 28th, 2015. pregnant women with haemoglobin level below 11 g/dL was considered anaemic according to WHO criteria, and who are willing to participate and who were admitted at the obstetrics and Gynecology department of the REGIONAL HOSPITAL of OUAHIGOUYA. Results: Four hundred eighty three pregnant women were anaemic out of eight hundred eighty three women hospitalized. The prevalence of maternal anaemia was 54.7% with significant monthly variations. The mean age was 24.7 ± 6.6 years. The women without non-salary occupation (housewives and pupils) represented 90.1%. A past medical history of haemoglobin defects (6.6%), twin pregnancies (6.0%), malaria (23.6%) bleeding during pregnancy (20.3%) were the most frequent. Monitoring the pregnancy was effective in 91.1% of women. The mean haemoglobin level was 8.8 ± 2.1 g/dL. The outcome was marked with 1.7% and 18.9% maternal and perinatal death respectively. The most common contributory factors were: Occupational status, number of prenatal visits, length of treatment with iron and folic acid, history of malaria, history of haemorrhage and brachial perimeter low (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal anaemia is a major health issue at the OUAHIGOUYA REGIONAL HOSPITAL in Northern Burkina Faso. Maternal and perinatal outcomes could be improved by reinforcing the preventive measures but also by improving the nutritional status and the living conditions of pregnant women.

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare pathology characterized by mosaic and progressive hypertrophies, that can affect any organ or tissue of the body. A genetic mutation in the embryo is at the origin of the disease. Bones, fat, skin and connective tissue are the tissues most typically involved. The extent and severity of the abnormalities vary, giving different clinical presentations. The authors report two cases in two boys aged three and eight years respectively. In both, segmental and organ growth abnormalities, skin abnormalities and lipomas were present. The youngest patient was admitted for the management of severe malnutrition. He presented a major excrescence in the gluteal region, which required surgical management mainly because of its functional impact. In the second patient who was hospitalized following a viral meningoencephalitis, important vascular abnormalities were demonstrated, particularly at the cerebral and abdominal level. The clinical presentation was more severe in the latter, with the installation of an extended coma and a comitial state. PS is a pathology which could be incapacitating. It exposes to a high risk of benign tumours and deep venous thrombosis. The variability of abnormalities and the risks incurred required multidisciplinary management.

INTRODUCTION: The artificial depigmentation (DA) is a practice that aims to reduce the natural pigmentation of the skin by the use of depigmenting products (DP). In Burkina Faso, few studies have been made on the issue and the last date of 2003. The objective of the study is to realize an overview of the DA phenomenon in women population in Bobo-Dioulasso City. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study held from April 16th to April 30th 2016 including 437 women aged from 13 to 55 years old. A multi-stage random sampling was realized A chi-square test was used to compare groups with significant threshold of 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of the use of DP (67.28% with IC95 = [63.52 - 71.03]). The mean age of users was 27.5 years old; the typical profile was women from 30 to 35 years old (85.7%), with elementary study level, (73.47%), housewife’s (75.19%) and monogamous (71.98%). the products used was those made of hydroquinone (81.6%), EDTA (8.33%), kojic acid (4.86%), mixtures (11.12%) or unknown products (14.58%). The origin of the product was doubtful for almost all the cases (98.96%). The monthly mean cost of this practice for a single user is 1710 CFA. Complications were reported in 62.5% of users, and the most found was dyschromia (85.87%), acne (17.39%) and burns (10.32%). DISCUSSION: The DA is in great progress in Bobo-Dioulasso (2 out of 3 women) compared to half, thirteen years ago. The hydroquinone was markedly the most frequent DP while there was an apparent lack of corticosteroids and mercuries replaced by the new depigmenting agent such as EDTA and kojic acid. This result contrasted with the classic combination hydroquinone-dermocorticoid-mercuries reported by previous studies. CONCLUSION: The low-cost of DP could explain the magnitude of the artificial depigmentation phenomenon. Other studies should be conducted in order to establish with precision the composition of these products and their causality in the occurrence of common complications. Research in cosmetology should make it possible to provide women with safe products that respect their deep needs.

Epidermoid carcinomas account for one third of cutaneous carcinomas. These are the most common cancers in adults. On dark skin, epidermoid carcinomas do not mainly occur on photo-exposed areas but rather complicate chronic ulcers. We are reporting the case of a 39 years old patient, HIV 1 positive being consulted for a budding tumor of the upper lip occurred on chronic erosion that appeared three years before. The histopathological examination of the bioptic specimen and of the resection specimen objectified a differentiated and mature epidermoid carcinoma. The patient was classified as Stage II: T3 N0 M 0. A complete tumor resection was performed followed by a double labial reconstruction by local advancement flap. Chronic ulceration and HIV infection have been identified as factors that favored malignant transformation. Limited access to health facilities has reportedly favored the evolution of lesions towards a complicated form and difficult medical care. The therapeutic challenge was to remove the tumor while preserving the function and aesthetics of the mouth.

Resume Introduction L’ecthyma gangreneux est une infection severe de la peau le plus souvent due a Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Il est caracterise par des ulcerations necrotiques limitees par un halo inflammatoire. Les lesions siegent habituellement dans les regions peri-anale, peri-genitale ou axillaire. L’ecthyma gangreneux survient en general chez des sujets immunodeprimes : chimiotherapie aplasiante, infection par le VIH, neutropenie ou deficit fonctionnel des polynucleaires neutrophiles, agammaglobulinemie ; il a plus rarement ete decrit comme compliquant une varicelle. Observation Nous rapportons un cas d’ecthyma gangreneux de la paupiere survenu au decours d’une varicelle chez une fillette de deux ans et demi immunocompetente ; la lesion a determine une cicatrice retractile invalidante. Discussion Le role favorisant des anti-inflammatoires non steroidiens (AINS) dans l’apparition de surinfections cutanees necrosantes au cours de la varicelle a deja ete signale. La localisation de telles complications sur une paupiere peut non seulement avoir des consequences nefastes sur la fonction de l’œil, mais aussi etre source d’un prejudice esthetique important.

Objective: To study the sexual risk behaviors and their determining role in sexually transmissible infection (STI) and HIV among students of the University of Ouagadougou. Methodology: It was a descriptive and analytical single pass cross-sectional study from June 22 to July 21 2010 at the University of Ouagadougou. A cluster sampling in two stages was adopted to form a population of 762. Data were collected using a standardized written questionnaire completed by individual interview after informed consent. Results: The average age of students was 24.2 ± 2 years old for men and 23.7 ± 2 years old women. Singles represented 95.1% of students. The students were not scholarship grantees in 90.6% of the sample. Knowledge about STIs was average in 60.2% of cases. In total 33.65% of the students admitted to having had multiple sexual partners, 19.57% had sex with prostitutes, 34.62% had unprotected sex, 4% practiced sodomy without condoms and 3.1% of students had sex in group with one partner. In multivariate analysis, male gender was the determining factor associated with multiple sexual partner (OR = 3.30 95% CI = 2.19 to 4.95) and relations with prostitutes with an odds ratio of 16.13 (95 = 6.87% to 37.8%). The female gender was the determining factor associated with not using a condom with odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI = 1.01 to 2.16). Conclusion: There are many risk behaviors for HIV transmission among students of the University of Ouagadougou. The urgent implementation of specific prevention programs to benefit this population is essential.

Introduction L’amelioration de l’offre de soins au Burkina Faso a eu pour corollaire une augmentation de la consommation de medicaments. Pour assurer la securite des patients, les autorites sanitaires ont mis en place un centre de vigilance des produits de sante depuis 2010. Cette structure notifie les cas de reactions aux medicaments et en evalue les liens de causalite. L’objet de notre etude etait d’identifier les types de toxidermies, leur gravite et les medicaments imputables au Burkina Faso. Materiel et methodes Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective descriptive de 2010 a 2016. Elle a concerne tous les cas de toxidermies renseignes par les formations sanitaires du Burkina Faso, au comite national de vigilance des medicaments et des vaccins. La methode francaise a ete utilisee pour etablir l’imputabilite des medicaments. Resultats De 2010 a 2016, il a ete enregistre 187 cas de toxidermies au centre national de vigilances des medicaments et vaccins, dont l’imputabilite medicamenteuse a ete etablie. Les sujets avaient un âge compris entre 1 et 78 ans, avec une moyenne de 27 ans. Les femmes representaient 52 % de l’echantillon. Soixante et un pour cent des cas etaient notifies par les CHU et 39 % par les CHR et les centres de sante. Les types de toxidermie les plus frequents etaient le syndrome de Lyell (26,4 %), l’exantheme maculopapuleux (24,1 %), le prurit (20,4 %), l’erytheme pigmente fixe (10 %), l’urticaire (6,9 %) et le syndrome de Stevens Johnson (5,2 %). Les molecules les plus en cause etaient le cotrimoxazole (19,2 %), l’allopurinol (7 %) et le phenobarbital (5,3 %). Quarante et un pour cent des cas etaient graves Le taux de letalite etait de 8 %. Les cas de deces etaient imputables aux sulfamides antibiotiques (4/15), a l’allopurinol (4/15), a la nevirapine (2/15) et a d’autres molecules (5/15). Quatorze deces etaient dus a un syndrome de Lyell et un a un choc anaphylactique. Discussion Les cas de toxidermies enregistres dans la base de donnees nationale provenaient de toutes les regions sanitaires du Burkina Faso. Mais nous avons note une sous-notification des cas. Les cas toxidermies sans signe de gravite etaient peu renseignes. Cela limite la base de donnees de pharmacovigilance dans le pays. Les molecules responsables des reactions d’hypersensibilite faisaient parties de la liste des medicaments essentiels. Ce sont des medicaments de premiere intention. Cela accroit les probabilites de faire une reaction. Conclusion Le renforcement du renseignement de la base de donnees de pharmacovigilance est primordial pour le choix des molecules a utiliser dans les protocoles therapeutiques.

Introduction L’isotretinoine est le seul anti-acneique majeur permettant d’obtenir une remission prolongee de l’acne severe. Molecule teratogene, elle necessite une surveillance et une tracabilite rigoureuses. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer les modalites de prescription et de dispensation de l’isotretinoine a Ouagadougou. Materiel et methodes Nous avons realise une etude transversale descriptive sur trois mois aupres des dermatologues, des pharmaciens d’officine de la ville de Ouagadougou et des patients sous isotretinoine durant la periode de l’etude. Resultats Nous avons interroge 12 dermatologues sur 13 en exercice dans la ville de Ouagadougou, 7 pharmaciens d’officine (disposant d’isotretinoine) sur 150 et 18 patients dont 10 de sexe feminin. Pour la prescription, les dermatologues respectaient les indications, le bilan pre-therapeutique, le renouvellement mensuel ainsi que l’instauration d’un traitement adjuvant. La proposition d’une contraception aux patientes en âge de procreer etait faite, mais effective chez 5 patientes sur 10. N’etait jamais notee sur les ordonnances la mention « a ne pas renouveler », et le carnet de suivi etait inexistant. La dose cumulative n’etait pas toujours atteinte (113 mg/kg dose cumulative moyenne). Le sexe et l’âge du patient n’etaient pas mentionnes sur les ordonnances de 4 dermatologues. Concernant la dispensation de l’isotretinoine, sur les 7 pharmaciens, 2 ont delivre l’isotretinoine avec une ordonnance valide, 4 avec une ordonnance non valide et un pharmacien a delivre sans ordonnance. L’âge, le sexe, et la comprehension du traitement ont ete verifies par 4 pharmaciens. Le resultat du dernier test de grossesse, la signature d’accord, l’existence d’un carnet de suivi et d’un bilan etaient verifies par un pharmacien, le suivi de la contraception par 2 pharmaciens. Six officines se procuraient la molecule hors du pays et 2 l’obtenaient chez les grossistes repartiteurs nationaux de medicaments. Discussion L’isotretinoine est prescrite selon les bonnes indications sans complaisance, ce qui differe des resultats trouves par les auteurs des pays developpes, chez qui l’acne severe ne representait que 46 % des indications. Proposee aux 10 patientes en âge de procreer, la contraception n’a ete effective que chez 5 patientes. Hogan trouvait que 35 % des patientes n’avaient pas eu recours a la contraception. L’approvisionnement de l’isotretinoine est difficile au Burkina (7 officines sur 150 en disposaient) entrainant une disponibilite reduite avec des irregularites dans sa dispensation. Conclusion Si les modalites de la prescription de l’isotretinoine peuvent etre jugees acceptables, celles de sa dispensation dans la ville de Ouagadougou ne sont pas faites dans les regles de l’art.