Search

This study aimed to evaluate whether utilizing additional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging has any effect on quality of life and healing outcome following periapical surgery compared with periapical radiographs (PR).The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04333940). In this parallel group randomized controlled trial, 52 patients (88 teeth) with persistent apical periodontitis and periapical radiographic evidence of periapical lesion were randomly assigned to either PR or CBCT group. The primary predictor was the type of the imaging method (PR only or with additional CBCT). The primary outcome was patient's quality of life during the first week after periapical surgery and the secondary outcomes were duration of surgery and healing outcome at 12-month follow-up. Participants of both groups received periapical surgery based on the pre-surgical plan provided by the radiographic imaging methods. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using Modified Shugars questionnaire. Radiographic analysis for healing was conducted using Molven's criteria and modified PENN 3D criteria. The categorical data between groups were analysed using the Chi-square test, whilst intragroup comparisons were analysed using the McNemar test. The average scores for each component of QoL (oral functions, general functions, pain, swelling and other symptoms), combined QoL scores (overall average of values of 13 variables) and analgesic usage on each day were calculated and analysed.At 12 months of follow-up, fifty patients were evaluated. Participants in PR group reported significantly more swelling on first three days compared with CBCT group. The analgesic use was higher in the PR group on 2nd and 3rd day (Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction; p .007). A significant difference in the limitation of general functions was observed at the second day (p .07) with the higher values in the PR group. The combined QoL score between the two groups was found to be non-significant. However, none of the patients experienced intraoperative complications or neurovascular exposure. The mean surgical time was lesser in the CBCT group (p .05). Radiographic healing revealed a success rate of 96.2% for the PR group and 95.8% for the CBCT group with no significant difference between the groups.Participants in the CBCT group experienced substantially less early postoperative swelling and limitation in general functions, in comparison with the PR group. However, preoperative CBCT had no effect on other QoL parameters and intraoperative complications in medium-risk patients. Furthermore, CBCT did not exhibit any added advantage over periapical radiography in terms of assessing healing outcome following endodontic microsurgery. CBCT offered surgically relevant anatomic information for pre-surgical planning and ensured the treatment rendition with a significantly reduced operative time.

To compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection vs dry needling (DN) for management of trigger points in the masseter muscle in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) patients.This randomized controlled trial included 30 clinically confirmed cases of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the masseter muscle who were randomly and equally (1:1) assigned to the test (PRP) and control (DN) groups. Both groups were evaluated for pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), range of functional movements, need for pain medication, patient satisfaction (Likert scale), and sleep (VAS) at baseline and 2-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. VAS pain and Likert score were also obtained at 6-month intervals.The use of PRP solution in MTrPs in MPS patients had a better effect on pain and patient satisfaction compared to DN.PRP appears to be a more effective treatment modality compared to DN in the management of MTrPs in MPS patients.

To determine whether low serum vitamin D level is a risk factor for development of Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in COVID-19 afflicted patients. A case control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital utilizing the archived records of COVID-19 afflicted Rhinocerebral mucormycosis cases and age and gender matched controls. The mean value (± standard deviation) of vitamin D level in patients with Mucormycosis was 19.65 ± 13.07 ng/ml and in control subjects it was 27.88 ± 18.04 ng/ml.There was a significant difference between groups (p = 0.02). Thus, low Vitamin D level may be implicated as a risk factor for the advent of mucormycosis in a COVID-19 afflicted patient and therefore Vitamin D supplements may be provided to such patients to achieve normal serum levels.

Objectives To evaluate the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on periodontal parameters in periodontally compromised adult orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Thirty-six periodontally compromised adult patients (mean age: 29.67 ± 4.8 years) were randomly allocated to either test (perio-ortho) or control group (perio). After periodontal stabilization in both groups, orthodontic treatment was started in the test group, whereas the control group remained on periodontal maintenance only. Evaluation and comparison of clinical parameters (plaque index [PI]; gingival index [GI]; bleeding on probing [BOP]; probing depth [PD]; clinical attachment level [CAL]) of both groups was assessed at three time intervals: T0 (base line), T1 (at start of orthodontic treatment), and T2 (1 year after start of orthodontic treatment). Radiological parameters (alveolar bone levels [ABL]) were recorded using CBCT at T1 and T2. Results Intragroup analysis showed statistically significant improvement in all clinical and radiological periodontal parameters in both groups (P ≤ .05). Intergroup comparison revealed improvement in the periodontal parameters was not statistically significant between the groups (P ≥ .05). Subgroup analysis showed reduction in the number of moderate and severe periodontitis sites in both groups with significant more gains in ABL in the test group compared to the control group. Conclusions Orthodontic treatment after periodontal stabilization does not have any detrimental effect on periodontal health in adult periodontally compromised orthodontic patients and may add to the benefits achieved by periodontal treatment alone.

To maintain a discipline and let students grasp utmost knowledge in schools, colleges and universities the attendance system was introduced. There are two conventional techniques to mark attendance of students in a particular class. One of them is by calling the roll number and the second is to take students sign on a piece of paper against their roll number. Hence there was a need to evolve this system in such a way that it could become user friendly, less time consuming and efficient. This is an automated system to assist the faculty in taking attendance of the whole class without any disturbance or time waste. The idea can encompass a large number application one of which include face identification, it will help save time and efficiently identifies and eliminates the chances of proxy attendance. The main purpose of this project is to built automated attendance system using Raspberry pi 3B+ with OpenCV/Python libraries and recognizer algorithm have been implemented. The proposed system can be implemented in any field where attendance system is present and plays a vital role. In addition, as the project objectives and the design criteria all met, it’s greatest to say this project is an engineering solution for all university and colleges to track and manage the attendance.

Mucormycosis is becoming more common in patients infected with or recovering from COVID-19 under the current situation. However, there is a scarcity of research on a specific group of COVID-19 individuals who are predisposed to mucormycosis. As a result, a retrospective observational study was undertaken to assess the possible connection of mucormycosis with COVID-19. The goal was also to investigate the link between diabetes mellitus, mucormycosis and COVID-19. The occurrence and severity of the disease among the case records were assessed using signs and symptoms, investigations conducted during COVID-19, and serological test results. Patients were classified as previously known diabetics, recently diagnosed diabetics, or non-diabetics based on their history of pre-existing DM and HBA1c levels at the time of reporting for mucormycosis. The findings show that mild COVID-19-infected patients and non-diabetic patients have a high incidence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). As a result, all clinicians participating in the care of COVID-infected patients must be aware of the significant risk of secondary mucormycosis in the post-recovery phase, even in those with mild or moderate symptoms.

Background Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of pain that affects the daily activities of a patient. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy is an emerging option for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS therapy as an adjunct to drug therapy for the treatment of TN. Methods A total of 52 patients diagnosed with TN according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (version 3) were included. Each patient was randomized to either the TENS or placebo TENS groups. Intervention was given in continuous mode and 100-Hz frequency for 20 mins biweekly for 6 weeks. Parameters were measured at baseline, TENS completion and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of follow up. The parameters observed were mean carbamazepine dose, mean visual analog scale (VAS) score, mean present pain intensity (PPI) score, and functional outcome. Non-parametric analyses, one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for intragroup comparisons, while the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used for intergroup comparisons of variables. The chi-square test was applied to analyze categorical data. Results Compared to the placebo TENS group, the mean dose of carbamazepine in the TENS group was significantly reduced at TENS completion, as well as at 6 months and 1 year follow up. Changes in mean VAS score, mean PPI score, and functional outcome did not show significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion TENS therapy does not lead to any changes in pain levels but it may reduce the mean dose of carbamazepine when used as an adjunct treatment in patients with TN.

AIM To compare the diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography (PR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detecting pathoses of endodontic origin using the gold standard of direct surgical visualization. METHODOLOGY Seventy-four patients (112 teeth) underwent radiographic examination by periapical radiography and CBCT. The presence of periapical lesions, root perforations and their locations, root fractures, different types of external root resorptive defects, apicomarginal bone defects, through and through bone defects, buccal bone status and proximity of root apices and lesions to vital anatomical structures were assessed. These same parameters were assessed intraoperatively by direct surgical visualization which served as the gold standard reference for the radiographic assessments. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values were determined for comparison of diagnostic accuracy between two modalities. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two imaging modalities for root resorptive defects and root fractures. However, CBCT accurately detected periapical lesions, root perforations, apicomarginal bone defects and through and through bone defects. The overall accuracy of CBCT varied from 91% to 96% in detecting dehiscence and fenestration of buccal cortical plates. CONCLUSION Overall, CBCT had a higher diagnostic accuracy in complex endodontic pathoses compared to PR. Nevertheless, CBCT failed to diagnose apicomarginal bone defects in 33% teeth. In evaluating the status of buccal cortical plate from CBCT images, observers could detect absence of bone better than its presence. Thus, limited FOV CBCT should be considered for selective cases where periapical radiography has diagnostic ambiguity.

Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is an uncommon odontogenic tumor derived from odontogenic apparatus and comprises 6% of all ameloblastomas. We report a case of a forty-nine-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of bleeding from gums, pain, and difficulty in eating of one-year duration. The lesion was excised and diagnosed as unicystic ameloblastoma (type 1.2.3) with extensive granular cell change in all components. Granular cell variant of unicystic ameloblastoma appears to be a rare variant of unicystic ameloblastoma with only five satisfactory cases reported till date. As reported, this variant may show late recurrence as solid ameloblastoma hence a strict close follow-up is warranted.

The study was conceived with an aim to correlate mast cell expression and angiogenesis in oral lichen planus (OLP) and inflamed oral mucosa.An observational study was performed on fifty tissue blocks of OLP and inflamed oral mucosa which were stained immunohistochemically using mast cell tryptase, CD34 and CD105. The data was analysed using Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test (p 0.05).OLP showed significantly higher mast cell density for total and degranulated mast cells and higher microvessel density (CD105) compared to inflamed oral mucosa (p = 0.006, 0.000). Microvessel density, total and mean vascular area (CD34) were higher in inflamed oral mucosa with a non significant difference (p = 0.985, 0.977, 0.720). Mild negative association was observed between mast cells and angiogenesis in OLP (p = 0.879). A significant positive correlation was seen between degranulated mast cells and microvessel density (CD34) in inflamed oral mucosa (p = 0.009).Mast cells execute different roles in OLP depending upon stage of the disease. We found that although degranulation of mast cells is not the predominant pathway for angiogenesis in OLP, yet is one of the important precursor phenomena in inflamed tissues.

The study aimed to evaluate healing in apicomarginal defects with amniotic membrane (AM) using 2D periapical radiography and 3D cone beam computed tomography imaging.Thirty-four patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis and apicomarginal communication were allocated to either the AM or control group. Clinical and radiographic assessment was performed at baseline and at 12 months using Molven criteria, modified Penn 3D criteria, and RAC and B indices at resected plane, apical area, cortical plate, and combined apicocortical area, respectively.There was no significant difference in the healing outcome in 2D imaging (93.3% control and 86.7% AM) and 3D imaging (80.0% control and 53.3% AM) between the groups. With RAC scoring, a greater percentage of unhealed cases was observed in cortical plate. Radiographic buccal bone formation in the 3D imaging was evident only in six cases. However, both the groups depicted significantly greater percentage reduction in the size of the lesion in 2D than the 3D analysis (AM group 91. 69 ± 15.99 2D, 76.06 ± 47.62 3D, P = .020) and (control group 92.06 ± 14.36 2D, 85.12 ± 18.55 3D, P = .005).No significant difference in healing was observed between the AM and the control groups with the use of both periapical radiography and CBCT imaging. Despite good clinical healing and radiographic apical bone fill, buccal bone formation was not evident in 3D imaging in most of the cases.

We hereby report an unusual case which presented as a routinely encountered reactive lesion on the palate, whilst the radiological examination revealed a radiolucent cystic lesion underneath. After the investigations from radiography to histopathology, it was finally diagnosed as a peripheral ossifying fibroma coexisting with a nasopalatine duct cyst.

Background: Substance and drug abuse is associated with severe psychosocial problems, violence and health complications. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the oral hygiene status and sugar eating patterns among drug addicts with their age, gender and socio-economic status matched controls. Settings and Design: The present study comprised of two groups-Group A comprised of 100 drug addicts and Group B included 100 controls. The study sample were interviewed and subjected to a comprehensive intra-oral examination. Methods and Material: Standardized methods of evaluation were performed using mouth mirror, dental probe, explorer and WHO probe. Statistical Analysis: The data was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi Square test and student t-test. Results and Conclusions: CPITN index revealed bleeding in 56% addicts and calculus in 20% addicts. The mean DMFT of group A was 5.71 as compared to 2.45 in group B. The frequency of sugar consumption was found to be high in addicts as compared to the controls. Significant P values (< 0.001) of DMFT index, periodontal status and frequency of sugar consumption were obtained on statistical analysis. The caries status was found to be poor in addicts, but the periodontal treatment needs were similar for both group A and B. Oral health promotion should be undertaken in drug rehabilitation centers for overall success of withdrawl treatment.

In the real-time scenario the most popular, emerging technology named cloud computing becomes an individual’s demand. The demands for the resources increase day by day, hour by hour, and minute by minute. For getting the availability of the sufficient number of resources there must be an optimal allocation for these resources so that it is easy to access the resources. The dynamic allocation of task management or resource management is not an easy procedure; there are a number of challenges such as provisioning of data centers across virtual machines, sharing virtual memory, etc. For improving resource utilization at a maximum level there is a comparative study analysis on the basis of various procedures available for resource allocation among virtual machine processing nodes. This survey identifies a conclusion for achieving the appropriate task management as well as optimal resource allocation in the cloud computing environment. Further future work can be extended toward the implementation of the derived approach.

This chapter explores advantages and disadvantages of using outcome metrics to clinically monitor patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in clinical practice. Advantages include regular objective assessments of disease activity and damage along with prognostic assessments of morbidity and mortality. Disadvantages include administrative burden and the time commitment necessary to carry out the instruments. We also review current guidelines that recommend patient assessments using validated instruments of disease activity and validated disease damage metrics. We also provide an overview of several validated disease activity and damage metrics including the SLEDAI, SLAM, SLE-DAS, and BILAG.

Although bisphosphonates are effective for treating osteoporosis, patient adherence is variable. We conducted this study to determine if prior adherence with another medication used to treat chronic asymptomatic conditions predicts adherence with bisphosphonates. Retrospective cohort study using linked population-level data for the entire Canadian province of Alberta between April 1, 2009 and March 31, 2017. We examined all new users of an oral or parenteral osteoporosis treatment over the age of 20 who had filled at least one statin prescription in the prior 12 months before the start date of the osteoporosis treatment. Adherence was defined based on medication possession ratio (MPR) and > = 80% was deemed good adherence. Persistence was defined as continuous treatment without an interruption of treatment for more than 56 days. Of 20,612 new users of oral bisphosphonates and 1538 new users of parenteral treatments, prior good adherence with statins was independently associated with both short term [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.34 (95% CI 1.26–1.42) at 1 year] and long term [aOR 1.35 (1.20–1.51) at 5 years] adherence with oral bisphosphonates. However, there was no association between prior statin adherence and adherence [OR 0.94 (0.74, 1.20)] or persistence [(OR 0.96 (0.76, 1.22)] with parenteral osteoporosis therapies. Other factors associated with oral bisphosphonate adherence at 1 year included older age, history of bone mineral density scan, and history of pap smear. Prior adherence to statins is a predictor of subsequent short-term and long-term adherence and persistence with oral bisphosphonates but not parenteral osteoporosis therapies.

For efficient management of the cloud, there is a requirement of the virtualization in the emergent stage of cloud computing where resources such as memory, servers, virtual machines are shared across the World Wide Web. For getting or availing other facilities such as load balancing, auto-scaling, and fault tolerance, etc., in cloud computing live migration of virtual machine is required. Migrating virtual machines from one node to another without suspending the VMs is an important feature of cloud computing so that users do not have to deal with any kind of service downtime. In this research paper, a comparative study has been done for various methods of migrating the data from one node server to another node server. After that it also recognizes the optimization of the live virtual machine in migration techniques. Therefore, an optimized approach has been identified that will be beneficial in a live migration of virtual machines without affecting the node servers in a cloud computing environment.

Low-grade intraductal carcinoma (LG-IDC) is the new World Health Organization designation for tumors previously called “low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma” and “low-grade salivary duct carcinoma”. LG-IDC is a rare low grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm. A 56-year old woman presented with a painless swelling on the right posterior part of palate of 2 months duration. Radiographic examination revealed heterogenously enhancing soft tissue mass on right side of palate. A provisional diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was executed and local excision was done. The tumor had a typical feature of intraductal growth pattern composed of low grade ductal epithelial cells with cribriform and micropapillary patterns forming true “Roman bridges”. Immunohistochemically myoepithelial cells displayed p63 around all tumor islands. The case was diagnosed as LG-IDC. LG-IDC is an extremely rare entity and awareness of this entity is important to avoid erroneous diagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

In this digital era, the emergence of many smart applications makes the human lives in a way more smart but at the same time it also increases the amount of data to an unprecedented rate. This makes the traditional data storage framework, accessibility and backup to remain more under risk. Recently, to overcome this an on-demand storage service will be provided by the cloud. Despite the hype, the cloud also comes up with the data security concerns. The primary objective of this research work is to develop a framework that permits confirmed clients to get access to the sensitive information within the organization. In contrast to the traditional system, the proposed system helps in data recovery if there arise any circumstances, the storage can be expanded by checking the accessibility of users logged into the storage system to access the data.

Cloud computing is an emerging technology being used in every area. Conventional organization use IT infrastructure, which is not scalable according to their requirement. Organizations shifting their workload to cloud for enhancing their performance, scalability and also for reducing cost. Cloud computing is used for deploying the hospital management system available anywhere and at any time. Here, the administrator performs the action on three modules i.e. doctor, patient and rooms allocation, where the administrator can view and access the details. Generally, there are many public cloud computing providers such as AWS, IBM Smart Cloud, GCP, and many others. This proposed model uses GCP as it is rising cloud computing platform with varieties of services like storage technologies, various kind of databases, secure networking technologies, machine learning platforms, computing capabilities and hosting of application.

HyBeacons are linear oligonucleotides which incorporate fluorescent dyes covalently linked to internal nucleotides. They have previously been used with PCR and isothermal amplification to interrogate SNPs and STRs in fields as diverse as clinical diagnostics, food authentication, and forensic DNA profiling. This work explores their use for the identification of expressed gene sequences through mRNA profiling. The use of mRNA is becoming increasingly common in forensic casework to identify body fluids on evidence items, as it offers higher specificity and fewer false positives than current chemical presumptive testing methods. The work presented here details the development of a single-step one-tube RT-PCR assay to detect the presence of body fluids of forensic interest (saliva, blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid and menstrual blood) using HyBeacon® probes and melt curve analysis. Each assay shows a high degree of specificity to the target body fluid mRNA suggesting there is no requirement to remove genomic DNA prior to analysis. Of the five assays developed, four were able to detect between 10 and 100 copies of target cDNA, the fifth 1000 copies of target. The results presented here demonstrate that such an approach can be optimised for non-expert users and further areas of work are discussed.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) affects 8 million new people every year, with developing countries under its strong clout. Although tuberculosis can affect any part of the body involving both soft and hard tissues; such an occurrence in the maxillofacial bones in the form of tuberculous osteomyelitis is relatively rare. Due to the rarity of the lesion and lack of sufficient documentation, its incidence can be expected to be more than what has been reported so far. Observation: So, here is a case of a 21-year-old male who presented with pain and swelling on the mandible, diagnosed as tuberculous osteomyelitis after an initial diagnosis of dentoalveolar abscess. Conclusion: As dentists and as oral medicine practitioners, it is of utmost importance for us to be aware about uncommon diseases affecting the jaws such as tuberculous osteomyelitis, which tend to mimic dental infections in some cases to prevent misdiagnosis and provide holistic care to the patient.

Cystic degeneration can occur with various bone lesions. These non-epithelial lined cysts vary from aneurysmal bone cyst, solitary bone cyst or non specific cystic degeneration. In jaws, this association is not well documented. In literature only three cases have been reported as ossifying fibroma (OF) with cystic degeneration. This case appears to be the fourth case to highlight non specific cystic changes in OF. We report a case of OF in 23 year old female with asymptomatic swelling over the left side of face for the past 3 years involving the maxilla, maxillary sinus as well as nasal cavity. Histopathology revealed it to be OF complicated by non-specific cystic degeneration. OF of jaws is an odontogenic neoplasm arising from tooth bearing areas. It occurs more commonly in women in posterior mandible region. Microscopically it shows variable mixture of osteoid bone and basophilic acellular spherules while bony trabeculae frequently demonstrate both woven and lamellar patterns. Various pathogenesis have also been highlighted behind the cystic degeneration’s in bony lesions. A review is also tabulated of OFs with cystic degenerations in the jaws reported in the past.