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Children’s story experiences are foundational to their social, emotional, and communication development. Viewed through a sociocultural lens, variability in the ways children and teachers interact during stories across diverse learning contexts is expected. This article explores the social and cultural knowledge demonstrated by children of different ages as they co-construct meaning multimodally during stories with teachers across two early childhood educational settings, in Canada and New Zealand. Teachers’ gestures, gaze, questions, and verbal and non-verbal affirmations centred on themes, characters, and actions as they co-created stories with children. Teachers’ mediating roles and practices supported and sustained children’s embodied actions, languages, and cultures. Teacher–child stories shared in this article highlight the value of everyday stories as contexts for extending children’s learning, and the multimodal nature of story interactions underpinning the co-construction of meaning in early childhood education contexts.

This study presents the development of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) background threshold values (BTVs) that statistically characterize ambient background conditions for surface waters in undeveloped and developed landscapes of the Pajarito Plateau in the Rio Grande Basin of New Mexico. Between 2009 and 2018, surface water data were collected at 45 locations under a variety of flow conditions and regimes. A total of 163 samples were collected, with roughly 1/3 of samples and locations being in undeveloped areas (n=53 from 17 locations), and the remainder being in developed areas (n=110 from 28 locations). While there are areas on the Pajarito Plateau where PCB point sources are known or likely to have contributed to PCBs in soils, PCB BTVs calculated for undeveloped portions of watersheds (upstream of areas where PCB point sources are known or likely to have contributed to PCBs in soils, and therefore not affected by PCB sources within the watershed) are well above New Mexico's human health organism-only (HH-OO) water quality criterion (0.64 ng/L). BTVs are even higher in developed areas upstream of managed soil sites, suggesting that in developed areas, both diffuse ambient PCB sources (e.g., atmospheric deposition) and localized urban sources (e.g., building materials, paints, and electrical equipment) contribute to PCBs in those watersheds. These findings indicate that New Mexico's current HH-OO water quality criterion for PCBs cannot practicably be met due to ambient conditions. It is also impracticable to meet the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) criterion continuous concentration (CCC) of 14 ng/L in developed background areas, where the BTV is approximately 1.5 times the CCC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;00:0-0. © 2022 SETAC.

Young children learn how to communicate with others through their everyday interactions and social relationships. In this article, we argue that stories about personal experiences are a valuable context for exploring how 1-year-old toddlers learn to engage with others across their family homes and early childhood settings. We demonstrate how Lexie, aged 16 months, communicated multimodally as she contributed to a personal story about her experience of eating lunch. Lexie’s competence as a storyteller was supported by a teacher who shared her cultural background and home language. Lexie’s story highlights the critical role of teachers in supporting story interactions in attuned and reciprocal ways that allow the competencies of 1-year-old toddlers as learners and communicators to be recognised and extended.

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a rare congenital cardiovascular condition in which some of the pulmonary veins drain into the systemic circulation. We report on the cadaveric dissection of a 71-year-old Caucasian male donor who died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with hypertension. We noted a faint incisional scar on the thorax extending from the parasternal region at the 4th intercostal level to the midaxillary line. Since the straight-line incision followed the ribs and the scar was quite faint, surgery probably occurred when the donor was young. We also observed numerous surgical interventions of the heart, lungs, and vasculature to correct various defects. The morphology of the heart was normal, but was shifted more to the right side. An atrial septal defect (ASD) was closed with sutures. The right superior pulmonary vein that drained into the superior vena cava (SVC) was ligated close to the SVC and the right inferior, left superior, and inferior pulmonary veins all drained directly into the left atrium. We noticed a dilated coronary sinus entering the right atrium adjacent to the ASD; the ostium of the coronary sinus noticeably lacked the normal valve-like structure. We initially thought the right lung was a "horseshoe" lung, but realized that it was a "hypogenetic" lung with PAPVR and an accessory diaphragm. Compared to the left, the right secondary bronchi were much narrower and branched uncharacteristically, as seen in hypogenetic lung syndrome. The inferior lobe was highly disorganized, severely hypoplastic, and exhibited uncharacteristic morphology. The superior bronchopulmonary segment was markedly hypoplastic. The posterior and medial basal segments were not only hypoplastic and slender, but also extended like a tail to the left pulmonary cavity behind the heart/pericardium and in front of the esophagus and aorta. The right lung, though hypoplastic, demonstrated patent bronchi and the lobes were inflatable. Based on the hypogenetic lung and PAPVR, we conclude that the donor exhibited 'scimitar' lung.

Growing tension within the early childhood education sector of Aotearoa New Zealand around the roles teachers and families might play in preparing children for success in school suggests that notio...

The basic evaluation or percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) is a method to assess pre-implantation therapeutic response in patients considering sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder. A new PNE lead with a more robust design and greater distensibility designed to reduce the possibility of lead migration has recently been introduced to the market. The aim of this prospective, multicenter, global, postmarket study was to evaluate the clinical performance and safety of the new InterStim PNE lead with the foramen needle.Patients with overactive bladder were enrolled in this study. The primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of subjects who demonstrated motor or sensory response(s) during lead placement using the InterStim PNE lead. Additional measures included the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I), patient satisfaction at the end of therapy evaluation, and change in bladder symptoms from baseline to the end of therapy evaluation (1-week follow-up visit).One-hundred and ten subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent a lead implant procedure. Of those, 108 had a successful procedure and 107 completed the 1-week follow-up visit. Ninety-nine percent of subjects (109/110) had a motor or sensory response during needle placement (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95%-100%) and 97% of subjects (107/110) had a motor or sensory response during lead placement (95% CI: 92%-99%). The majority of subjects (88%, 95/108) reported their bladder condition was better at the follow-up visit compared to before the PNE implant procedure, as reported in PGI-I. Subjects reported being satisfied with how the therapy impacted their voiding symptoms (82%, 88/108) and that they would recommend this therapy (87%, 94/108) to other patients. Symptom improvement was demonstrated with urinary urge incontinence subjects having an average of 4.2 ± 3.4 urinary incontinence episodes/day at baseline and 2.2 ± 2.5 at follow-up, and urinary frequency subjects having an average of 12.5 ± 4.4 voids/day at baseline and 10.5 ± 4.3 voids/day at follow-up. Lead removal was deemed to be easy and safe by the implanting physician, with a total of three adverse device effects in 3/110 subjects. No event was categorized as serious and all were resolved without sequelae.The updated InterStim PNE lead with a more robust design and greater distensibility designed to reduce migration was shown to have a high rate of motor or sensory response during lead placement. Furthermore, subjects reported high rates of global improvements and amelioration of symptoms, and the lead was easy to remove with minimal morbidity.

Various course delivery methods exist within higher education ranging from face-to-face to HyFlex (hybrid flexible) methods. This research is a mixed method, exploratory study designed to investiga...

The choroid plexus (CP) is the predominant supplier of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and the site of the blood–CSF barrier and is thus essential for brain development and central nervous system homeostasis. Despite these crucial roles, our understanding of the molecular and cellular processes giving rise to the CPs within the ventricles of the mammalian brain is very rudimentary. Here, we identify WNT5a as an important regulator of CP development, where it acts as a pivotal factor driving CP epithelial morphogenesis in all ventricles. We show that WNT5a is essential for the establishment of a cohesive epithelium in the developing CP. We find that in its absence all CPs are substantially reduced in size and complexity and fail to expand into the ventricles. Severe defects were observed in the epithelial cytoarchitecture of all Wnt5a−/− CPs, exemplified by loss of apicobasally polarized morphology and detachment from the ventricular surface and/or basement membrane. We also present evidence that the WNT5a receptor, RYK, and the RHOA kinase, ROCK, are required for normal CP epithelial morphogenesis. Our study, therefore, reveals important insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing CP development.

Relationships with our students and each other have changed over the past two years with the necessary changes to teaching and learning enforced by the COVID-19 pandemic. A group of academics from business schools in Australia and New Zealand have been reviewing the impact of the changes to teaching and learning implemented over the past two years and consider what has worked, what has not, what changes can be built on and what practices need to be reconsidered. This paper concludes with a set of recommendations on how business academics can reconnect with each other and their students and how business schools can support this reconnection. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) treatment has been shown to kill bacteria and remove bacterial biofilms from surfaces. Here we report the etch capacity of a linear discharge CAP device on Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms. A 21 kHz, 1.4 kV RMS AC voltage applied to the CAP electrodes generated a hydrated Ar plasma between the plates, with the gas flow directing the plasma species toward the biological sample, causing both bacterial killing and etching of the biofilm. Typical discharge currents for a 2.4 cm long, 0.6 mm wide linear discharge device were 1–4.4 mA. Hydrated Ar flow gas was critical for removal of biofilm from a stainless steel substrate, while both hydrated and dry Ar + O2, Ar + air, O2 only, and air only flow gas mixtures did not cause etching at equivalent or greater discharge current intensities. A biofilm etch rate of > 2 μm/min was achieved, provided the plasma discharge was within 1–2 mm of the substrate surface and used a hydrated Ar gas flow of at least 5 LPM.

Cold Atmospheric pressure Plasma (CAP) has the ability to both inactivate and remove bacterial biofilms from wounds and surfaces. Planar CAP arrays 1 (2.4 x 2 cm) have been developed using linear discharge elements (2.4 cm long), operating with a 0.75 mm gap at 0.5-2 kV, 20 kHz AC. The elements are fabricated using Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC). Hydrated argon gas flows (1-5 slm) between two plates to create the discharge element. Each discharge element draws 0.5 – 1.5 mA depending upon operating conditions. The elements are stacked together to form the arrays. Measurements of reactive oxygen species have shown generation of peroxide and hydroxyl radicals which increase linearly with plasma exposure times from the arrays. Measurements of the Colony Forming Units (CFUs) shown >99% reduction in

To evaluate the effect of simulation training vs traditional hands-on surgical instruction on learner operative skills and patient outcomes in gynecologic surgeries.PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to January 12, 2021.Randomized controlled trials, prospective comparative studies, and prospective single-group studies with pre- and posttraining assessments that reported surgical simulation-based training before gynecologic surgery were included.Reviewers independently identified the studies, obtained data, and assessed the study quality. The results were analyzed according to the type of gynecologic surgery, simulation, comparator, and outcome data, including clinical and patient-related outcomes. The maximum likelihood random effects model meta-analyses of the odds ratios and standardized mean differences were calculated with estimated 95% confidence intervals.Twenty studies, including 13 randomized controlled trials, 1 randomized crossover trial, 5 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 1 prepost study were identified. Most of the included studies (14/21, 67%) were on laparoscopic simulators and had a moderate quality of evidence. Meta-analysis showed that compared with traditional surgical teaching, high- and low-fidelity simulators improved surgical technical skills in the operating room as measured by global rating scales, and high-fidelity simulators decreased the operative time. Moderate quality evidence was found favoring warm-up exercises before laparoscopic surgery. There was insufficient evidence to conduct a meta-analysis for other gynecologic procedures.Current evidence supports incorporating simulation-based training for a variety of gynecologic surgeries to increase technical skills in the operating room, but data on patient-related outcomes are lacking.

Whilst most institutions have been using online assessment submission for many decades, the move to fully online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic meant more traditional forms of assessment also had to move online. In this national study we captured a snapshot of online assessment usage across business disciplines from 97 survey participants from universities in Australia and identified the challenges reported by participants. We found the three most predominant forms of online assessments are written reports and essays, online exams/quizzes and live or recorded presentations. We categorised the reported challenges into 13 groups, and they include academic integrity; additional time and effort for teachers; technology access and service consistency; student preferences and expectations; and changes to feedback. We conclude with a discussion on these challenges. This study contributes not only a better understanding of the usage of online assessment in Australian business education, but also provides a benchmark with which to track and evaluate future shifts in assessment practice.

Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) has been shown to kill bacteria and remove biofilms. Here, we report the development of a unique CAP array device consisting of a parallel stack of eight linear-discharge plasma elements that create a $\sim 5$ -cm $^{\mathbf {2}}$ (2.4 cm $\times 2$ cm) treatment area. The CAP device is fabricated from low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) layers to create 24-mm-long linear-discharge channels (500- $\mu \text{m}$ gap) with embedded opposing silver metal electrodes. A 20-kHz ac voltage (0.5–5 kV) applied to the electrodes generates an Ar/ $\text{O}_{\mathbf {2}}$ plasma between the plates, with the gas flow directing the reactive species toward the biological sample (biofilms and so on) to affect the antimicrobial treatment. External ballast resistors were used to study discharge uniformity in the stacked array elements, and internal thick film ballast resistors ( $\approx 150~\text{k}\Omega $ ) were developed to create a fully integrated device. Typical element discharge currents were 1–2.5 mA with the total array current tested at 20 mA to provide optimal device uniformity. The plasma discharge was further shown to produce reactive hydrogen peroxide and exert antimicrobial effects on Pseudomonas biofilms and Salmonella contaminated eggshell samples, with >99% of the bacterial cells killed with less than 60 s of plasma exposure.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis required Business Schools to quickly reconsider all assessment methods, particularly the use of face to face invigilated exams. With lockdown and physical distancing requirements requiring teaching and learning activities to move to online mode, the need to consider alternate technology enabled assessments and how they could be implemented quickly and effectively became a crucial focus of universities in early 2020, affecting staff and students alike. This paper considers the experiences of a group of academics and academic developers from five ANZ Business Schools and the lessons that they learnt from these experiences. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the shift of assessments online and the potential impact on academic integrity and misconduct. The rapid pivot to online teaching as a result of COVID19 and our experiences in the accounting academy is the embodiment of the phrase “may you live in interesting times”. As teaching and learning activities shifted online, so did assessment of student learning. A topic of great discussion amongst faculty is whether accounting exams should be invigilated online and whether exams should be used at all to assess student learning. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses personal reflections and experiences to analyse the tensions between the risk of academic misconduct, maintaining assessment security and accreditation requirements of professional accounting bodies during the shift of assessment tasks online in 2020. These tensions are analysed using the fraud triangle framework (Cressey, 1973). Findings Students face incentives and pressures to engage in misconduct, opportunities that arise from online learning and assessment, and hold complex perceptions around their attitudes towards academic integrity and rationalisations of misconduct behaviour. Originality/value Suggestions are made as to how the accounting academy can move forward, taking advantages of online assessment, while still ensuring that our graduates are meeting the competencies required to join the accounting profession.

The prevalence of face to face invigilated exams in Business Schools across Australia and New Zealand (indeed around the world) needed to be reconsidered quickly during the recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis. With teaching and learning activities moving to online mode due to social distancing requirements, the need to consider technology enabled assessments and how they could be efficiently and effectively implemented became a crucial focus of universities in early 2020, affecting staff and students alike. This paper looks at the experiences of a group of academics and academic developers from five ANZ Business Schools and the lessons that they learnt from these experiences.