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El proceso de digitalización de los medios puede dividirse en tres fases. En una primera etapa, que podríamos ubicar en el amplio recorrido desde 1995 hasta 2010, los medios impresos pasaron de transferir el contenido del papel a la web a comenzar a crear contenidos específicos para las ediciones digitales. A finales de esta primera fase asistimos ya a un desarrollo tecnológico significativo en el que las redes sociales y la interactividad se volvieron protagonistas del mundo digital. La segunda fase del periodismo digital se refiere al boom de la información y la inmediatez motivada por la erosión de los teléfonos móviles. En esta segunda etapa, que podríamos ubicar entre 2010 y 2015, la calidad periodística se redujo de manera sustancial: el desarrollo tecnológico, la crisis económica y la falta de fórmulas para monetizar los contenidos online fueron las principales causas. Este artículo, sin embargo, analiza unas pinceladas preliminares que apuntan al agotamiento de esta fase y al comienzo de una tercera en la que el periodismo reposado vuelve a adquirir un protagonismo central. En base a un estudio cualitativo de 24 entrevistas personales elaborado por la Universidad del País Vasco sobre seis medios en catalán (Ara, El Punt Avui y Vilaweb) y euskera (Berria, Argia y Goiena), esta investigación concluye que hoy en día existen indicios suficientes que anuncian una nueva fase del periodismo digital: la fase péndulo. Esta nueva era apunta a la recuperación de los principios periodísticos más tradicionales; el contraste, la veracidad y los temas propios. This article offers an analysis of the development of digital journalism. The primary argument is that digital journalism is currently involved in a third stage in which there is a need to go back to basic journalistic principles, such as contrast and the contextualisation of the news. In the previous stage there were three main elements: the fight for being the first in giving the news, the rapid technological development and the proliferation of fake news. The current stage –the one we called the digital pendulum- is a reaction to these elements. The methodology of the study is based on the analysis of 24 semi-structured interviews with representatives of six news organisations in Catalan and Basque language (Berria, Argia and Goiena, in the Basque case, and Ara, El Punt Avui and Vilaweb, regarding Catalonia). Investigación financiada en el marco del proyecto Universidad-Empresa-Sociedad de la UPV/EHU y Hekimen, el observatorio de medios de comunicación en euskera

espanolEste articulo presenta algunas claves de la situacion actual del periodismo reposado digital o digital slow journalism (SJ) en el contexto colombiano. Para ello, analiza los resultados de una investigacion sobre audiencias y estudia la optica de medios encuadrados en esta corriente periodistica. El ar-ticulo pone en comun, por un lado, los resultados de una encuesta dirigida a la poblacion colombiana realizada en julio de 2019 y cuyo objeto fue co-nocer las opiniones y habitos de consumo del periodismo reposado. Destaca, entre sus resultados, el elevado conocimiento que existe en el pais con respecto a la prensa narrativa. De hecho, el 56 % de los lectores de prensa digital colombianos ha accedido alguna vez a ella. Por otro lado, al mismo tiempo, el estudio contrasta los intereses, percepciones y demandas del publico con la respuesta dada por dos medios de SJ colombianos, Arcadia y La Silla Vacia, a traves de un estudio cualitativo y comparado. La principal conclusion es que los lectores colombianos valoran este tipo de periodismo (le otorgan una calificacion de 4 puntos sobre 5) y hay un 58 % de lec-tores que se manifiesta dispuesto a pagar por su plus de calidad. A pesar de los problemas de financiacion a los que se enfrentan estos medios, la inves-tigacion vislumbra un nicho de mercado creciente para el SJ en Colombia. portuguesNeste artigo, sao analisadas algumas particularidades da situacao atual do jornalismo lento (digital slow journalism — SJ) no contexto colombiano. Para isso, analisam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre audiencias e estuda-se a otica de meios delimitados nessa corrente jornalistica. Neste arti-go, coloca-se em comum os resultados de uma enquete dirigida a populacao colombiana realizada em julho de 2019 e cujo objetivo foi conhecer as opi-nioes e os habitos de consumo do jornalismo lento. Destaca-se, entre seus resultados, o elevado conhecimento que ha no pais a respeito da impren-sa narrativa. De fato, 56 % dos leitores de imprensa digital colombianos ja acessaram alguma vez a ela. Ao mesmo tempo, no estudo, contrastam-se in-teresses, percepcoes e demandas do publico com a resposta dada por dois meios de SJ colombianos, Arcadia e La Silla Vacia, por meio de um estudo qualitativo e comparado. A principal conclusao esta em que os leitores colombianos valorizam esse tipo de jornalismo (dao-lhe uma qualificacao de 4 pontos sobre 5) e ha 58 % de leitores que se manifestam dispostos a pagar por seu plus de qualidade. Apesar dos problemas de financiamento que esses meios enfrentam, a pesquisa vislumbra um nicho de mercado cres-cente para o SJ na Colombia. EnglishThis article analyzes some keys to the current situation of digital slow journalism (SJ) in the Colombian context. It discusses the results of an audience study and explores the viewpoint of the media belonging to this journalistic trend. Besides, it shares a survey of the Colombian population conduc-ted in July 2019 whose purpose was to know SJ opinions and consumption habits. The country’s high knowledge of the narrative press stands out from the results. Actually, 56 % of Colombian digital press readers have accessed it at some point. This study also contrasts the public’s interests, perceptions, and demands with the response given by two Colombian SJ media, Arcadia and La Silla Vacia, through a comparative qualitative method. The chief conclusion is that Colombian readers value this type of journalism (rating it 4 out of 5), and 58 % of readers say they are willing to pay for its extra quality. Despite the financing problems these media face, the research envisa-ges a growing market niche for SJ in Colombia.

Despite the significant impact of the media in transitional justice processes, this relationship remains underexplored. The role of the media in building narratives of conflict and past human rights violations was traditionally framed within the dichotomy of promoting peace vs inflicting war. Yet, these roles, as well as the media systems themselves, need to be placed within more complex frameworks. This article analyses some of the key themes that connect transitional justice (the right to truth, justice, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition) and the media. The primary conclusion is that we need to go beyond the role of the media as an observer, and frame it as a possible agent of the overall process of conflict transformation and transitional justice. © 2020, Observare. All rights reserved.

Each March in Orihuela in the province of Valencia, Spain, there is a festival of mural painting in honour of local poet Miguel Hernández. For long the poet, who died in a fascist jail in 1942, had been publicly unacknowledged, but now his life, his work and his political involvement as a Republican political activist are openly displayed. How Hernández is remembered provides a powerful example of the struggles between memory and forgetting in post-Franco Spain. Faced with the contradiction of a Pact of Forgetting in 1977 and a Historical Memory Law in 2007, memory in Spain has to be carefully exhumed from under layers of fascist policies and culture.

This article explores the concept of transitional justice in democratic states dealing with political violence. Although transitional justice was designed for paradigmatic transitions (from war to peace and from dictatorship to democracy), conflicted democracies such as Northern Ireland and the Basque Country could also benefit from this framework which brings a comprehensive human rights approach to the past and promotes the principles of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-repetition. The article compares the transition from conflict in Northern Ireland and the Basque Country. It explores some of the specific features which characterise processes of transitional justice within settled democracies, such as the blurred break with the past, the fragmentation of initiatives aimed at dealing with violence and the mixture of ordinary and transitional justice. As well as contributing to the conceptualisation of the field of transitional justice, the study proposes that the conflict vs. ter...

All societies moving towards peace must establish reparation measures for victims of political violence. This is not an easy task, however; political victimhood is a controversial concept by itself and all victims of this type are mixed up with general politics from both the past and the present. In divided societies, such as Northern Ireland and the Basque Country, controversies about the definition of political victimhood reproduce old divisions from the past. Drawing on these two case studies, this research project gathers together some initial thoughts on the conceptualisation of political victimhood with regard to three different models: the harm-, blame- and context-based models. The primary contribution of the article lies in the formulation of the third model, the context-based framework.

espanolEl presente articulo muestra un analisis historico comparado en torno a la formulacion y evolucion de la libertad de prensa durante los ultimos 50 anos de conflicto violento en Colombia y en el Pais Vasco. Metodo. A traves de una periodizacion diacronica, el trabajo analiza la censura y autocensura existente en ambos contextos desde la formulacion liberal de este derecho en el siglo XIX hasta la transicion politica iniciada en ambos casos en 2011. Resultados. Los dos estudios de caso se encuentran a dia de hoy inmersos en una transicion politica hacia la paz que, ademas, coincide con la transformacion digital de los medios que esta revolucionando el periodismo y la manera de interactuar en la red. Conclusiones. El articulo propone incluir la memoria de las violaciones contra la libertad de prensa en el proceso de transformacion de los conflictos y reivindica asimismo la necesidad de reformular el concepto de la libertad de expresion en el presente escenario digital. euskaraEUS] Sarrera. Ikerketa historiko konparatu baten bitartez, artikulu honek Euskal Herriko eta Kolonbiako gatazken azken 50 urteetan prentsa askatasunak izan duen formulazioa eta bilakaera aztertzen ditu. Metodologia.Lanak azterketa diakronikoa egiten du eta horren bitartez zentsura eta auto-zentsura kasuak konparatzen ditu, XIX.mendeko prentsa askatasunaren formulazio liberaletik hasita gatazka biak eraldatzeko prozesua 2011. urtean hasi zen arte. Emaitzak.Kasu azterketen konparazioak erakusten duenez, Kolonbia eta Euskal Herria bertako gatazkak eraldatzeko prozesua eta hedabideen trantsizio digitala une berdinean gertatzen ari dira. Trantsizio digital horrek kazetaritza egiteko moduak eta herritarrek sarean daukaten interakzioa erabat aldatu du, eta horrek gatazken eraldatze prozesua eragiten du. Ondorioak.Artikulu honek prentsa askatasunaren kontrako erasoen memoria gatazkak eraldatzeko prozesuen baitan kokatzea proposatzen du. Era berean, adierazpen askatasunaren kontzeptua eszenatoki digitalaren barruan berriz ere formulatzeko beharra dagoela ondorioztatzen du. EnglishIntroduction. This article makes a historical comparative analysis of the conceptualisation and development of the freedom of the press in the last 50 years of conflict in Colombia and the Basque Country. Methodology. Through a diachronic examination, this work studies the concepts of censorship and self-censorship in both case studies. The time frame covers the period from the first liberal conceptualisation of the freedom of the press in the 19th century, up until the political transformation of the conflicts initiated in both cases in 2011. Results. Colombia and the Basque Country are currently going through a process of transition from violent conflict to peace. This process, in addition, is taking place at the same time as the digital transition of the Media, which is transforming journalism and the way of interacting on the Internet. Conclusions. This article proposes to include the memory of violations against the freedom of the press in the process of conflict transformation and it also concludes that there is a need to rethink the concept of freedom of speech on the Internet. [