1,982 results on '"Alpha-Methyltyrosine"'
Search Results
2. A 12-Week Crossover Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of L1-79 in Subjects Aged 12-21 Years With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Published
- 2024
3. SM-88 Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Ewing's Sarcoma and as Salvage Therapy for Sarcoma (HopES)
- Author
-
Tyme, Inc
- Published
- 2024
4. Understanding Dopamine Mechanisms in Cocaine Addiction Using AMPT and Methylphenidate With [11C]RAC/[11C]PHNO PET
- Published
- 2023
5. Dopamine transporter knockdown mice in the behavioral pattern monitor: A robust, reproducible model for mania-relevant behaviors
- Author
-
Kwiatkowski, Molly A, Hellemann, Gerhard, Sugar, Catherine A, Cope, Zackary A, Minassian, Arpi, Perry, William, Geyer, Mark A, and Young, Jared W
- Subjects
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mental Health ,Animals ,Antimanic Agents ,Behavior ,Animal ,Bipolar Disorder ,Cohort Studies ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Dopamine Agonists ,Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Exploratory Behavior ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Locomotion ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Quinolones ,Reproducibility of Results ,Thiophenes ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Valproic Acid ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Reproducibility ,Meta-analysis ,Rodent ,Hyperactivity ,Exploration ,Bipolar disorder ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
Efforts to replicate results from both basic and clinical models have highlighted problems with reproducibility in science. In psychiatry, reproducibility issues are compounded because the complex behavioral syndromes make many disorders challenging to model. We develop translatable tasks that quantitatively measure psychiatry-relevant behaviors across species. The behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) was designed to analyze exploratory behaviors, which are altered in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), especially during mania episodes. We have repeatedly assessed the behavioral effects of reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) expression in the BPM using a DAT knockdown (KD) mouse line (~10% normal expression). DAT KD mice exhibit a profile in the BPM consistent with acutely manic BD patients in the human version of the task-hyperactivity, increased exploratory behavior, and reduced spatial d (Perry et al., 2009). We collected data from multiple DAT KD BPM experiments in our laboratory to assess the reproducibility of behavioral outcomes across experiments. The four outcomes analyzed were: 1) transitions (amount of locomotor activity); 2) rearings (exploratory activity); 3) holepokes (exploratory activity); and 4) spatial d (geometrical pattern of locomotor activity). By comparing DAT KD mice to wildtype (WT) littermates in every experiment, we calculated effect sizes for each of the four outcomes and then calculated a mean effect size using a random effects model. DAT KD mice exhibited robust, reproducible changes in each of the four outcomes, including increased transitions, rearings, and holepokes, and reduced spatial d, vs. WT littermates. Our results demonstrate that the DAT KD mouse line in the BPM is a consistent, reproducible model of mania-relevant behaviors. More work must be done to assess reproducibility of behavioral outcomes across experiments in order to advance the field of psychiatry and develop more effective therapeutics for patients.
- Published
- 2019
6. Metyrosine (Demser®) for the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders in Patients With Velocardiofacial Syndrome
- Published
- 2019
7. Behavioral Response to Catecholamine Depletion in Individuals With Schizophrenia and Healthy Volunteers.
- Author
-
Suker, Samir, Mihov, Yoan, Wolf, Andreas, Mueller, Stefanie V, and Hasler, Gregor
- Subjects
DOPAMINE antagonists ,DRUG therapy for schizophrenia ,DRUG efficacy ,STATISTICS ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CATECHOLAMINES ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,BLIND experiment ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,TYROSINE ,CROSSOVER trials ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Background and Hypothesis Dysfunction of the dopamine system is the leading neurobiological hypothesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in the context of aberrance salience theory of delusions using catecholamine depletion. We hypothesized that acute dopamine depletion improves both positive symptoms and salience attribution in individuals with schizophrenia. Study Design Catecholamine depletion was achieved by oral administration of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) in 15 individuals with schizophrenia and 15 healthy volunteers. The study design consisted of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover, single-site experimental trial. The main outcome measures were the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Salience Attribution Test. Study Results Catecholamine depletion transiently reduced specific psychotic symptoms in symptomatic individuals with schizophrenia, namely delusions and positive formal thought disorder (interaction treatment-by-timepoint, P =.013 and P =.010, respectively). We also found trends for catecholamine depletion to increase relevant bias and adaptive salience in participants with schizophrenia while decreasing them in healthy controls (interaction group-by-treatment, P =.060 and P =.089, respectively). Exploratory analyses revealed that in participants with schizophrenia, higher relevant bias at 3 hours after the end of AMPT treatment corresponded to lower delusional symptoms (Spearman's rho = −0.761, P =.001). Conclusions This study suggests that the relationship between dopamine hyperactivity and delusional symptoms in schizophrenia is mediated by impaired attribution of salience to reward-predicting stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Influence of Striatal Astrocyte Dysfunction on Locomotor Activity in Dopamine-depleted Rats
- Author
-
Dmitry Voronkov, Alla Stavrovskaya, Artyom Olshanskiy, Anastasia Guschina, Rudolf Khudoerkov, and Sergey Illarioshkin
- Subjects
astrocyte ,2-aminoadipic acid ,alpha-methyltyrosine ,corpus striatum ,motor activity ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Introduction: Astrocyte dysfunction is the common pathology failing astrocyte-neuron interaction in neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s Disease (PD). The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of astrocytic dysfunction caused by striatal injections of selective glial toxin L-Aminoadipic Acid (L-AA) on the rats’ locomotor activity in normal conditions and under alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine depletion of catecholamines synthesis. Methods: Thirty-three male Wistar rats were used in the experiments. Intrastriatal L-AA injections (100 µg) were performed into the right striatum. Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (a-MT, 100 mg/kg, inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase) was intraperitoneally injected for catecholamine depletion. The animals were divided into 5 groups, as follows: 1. L-AA treated (n=7), 2. L-AA+a-MT treated (n=5), 3. Sham-operated (n=7), 4. Sham+a-MT treated (n=5), 5. Intact control (n=9). For assessing motor function, open field and beam walking tests were used on the third day after the operation. Neuronal and astrocyte markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, tyrosine hydroxylase, & neuronal nuclear antigen) were examined in the striatum by immunohistochemistry. Results: Administrating L-AA led to astrocytic degeneration in the striatum. No neuronal death and disruption of dopaminergic terminals were detected. L-AA and a-MT-treated animals’ distance traveled was significantly (P=0.047) shorter than the Sham-operated group injected with a-MT. In the walking beam test, the number of unilateral paw slippings was significantly (P
- Published
- 2021
9. The Noradrenergic System is Partly Involved in Resveratrol Antidepressant and Anti-Obsessive Like Effects in Mice Model
- Author
-
Azadeh Mesripour and Fatemeh Payandekhah
- Subjects
adrenergic antagonists ,alpha-methyltyrosine ,depression ,norepinephrine ,resveratrol ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Background and objectives: Resveratrol is a natural phenol in food particularly the skin of fruits like red grapes. It has shown biological, and antidepressant effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of adrenergic system on antidepressant and anti-obsessive effect of resveratrol. Methods: Male mice (weighing 27±2 g) were used. A tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT 100 mg/kg), α1 adrenergic receptors (AR) antagonist (prazosin, 1 mg/kg), α2-AR antagonist (yohimbine, 1 mg/kg), β-AR antagonist (propranolol, 2 mg/kg) and a tricyclic antidepressant (imipramine, 5 mg/kg), were injected before resveratrol (60 mg/kg). Locomotor activity, burring behavior during marble burring test, and immobility time during forced swimming test (FST) were evaluated. Results: No significant difference was observed in the locomotor activity between groups. The immobility time increased following pretreatment with AMPT (147.3±6.35s vs resveratrol alone 85.67±4.51s, p
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The Influence of Striatal Astrocyte Dysfunction on Locomotor Activity in Dopamine-depleted rats.
- Author
-
Voronkov, Dmitry, Stavrovskaya, Alla, Olshanskiy, Artyom, Guschina, Anastasia, Khudoerkov, Rudolf, and Illarioshkin, Sergey
- Subjects
- *
GLIAL fibrillary acidic protein , *TYROSINE hydroxylase , *GLUTAMINE synthetase , *PARKINSON'S disease , *RATS - Abstract
Introduction: Astrocyte dysfunction is the common pathology failing astrocyte-neuron interaction in neurological diseases, including Parkinson's Disease (PD). The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of astrocytic dysfunction caused by striatal injections of selective glial toxin L-Aminoadipic Acid (L-AA) on the rats' locomotor activity in normal conditions and under alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine depletion of catecholamines synthesis. Methods: Thirty-three male Wistar rats were used in the experiments. Intrastriatal L-AA injections (100 µg) were performed into the right striatum. Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (a-MT, 100 mg/kg, inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase) was intraperitoneally injected for catecholamine depletion. The animals were divided into 5 groups, as follows: 1. L-AA treated (n=7), 2. L-AA+a-MT treated (n=5), 3. Sham-operated (n=7), 4. Sham+a-MT treated (n=5), 5. Intact control (n=9). For assessing motor function, open field and beam walking tests were used on the third day after the operation. Neuronal and astrocyte markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, tyrosine hydroxylase, & neuronal nuclear antigen) were examined in the striatum by immunohistochemistry. Results: Administrating L-AA led to astrocytic degeneration in the striatum. No neuronal death and disruption of dopaminergic terminals were detected. L-AA and a-MT-treated animals' distance traveled was significantly (P=0.047) shorter than the Sham-operated group injected with a-MT. In the walking beam test, the number of unilateral paw slippings was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the L-AA-treated group than Sham-operated animals. Administrating a-MT alone and L-AA did not change rats' performance in walking beam tests. Conclusion: Astrocyte ablation in dopamine depleted striatum resulted in reduced motor activity and asymmetrical gait disturbances. These findings demonstrated the role of astroglia in motor function regulation in the nigrostriatal system and suggest the possible association of glial dysfunction with motor dysfunction in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The effect of metyrosine on oxidative gastric damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochemical and histopathological evaluation
- Author
-
Orhan Çimen, Ferda Keskin Çimen, Mine Gülaboğlu, Aslı Özbek Bilgin, Arif Burak Çekiç, Hüseyin Eken, Zeynep Süleyman, Yasin Bilgin, and Durdu Altuner
- Subjects
Reperfusion Injury ,Ischemia ,Stomach ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Rats. ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of metyrosine against I/R induced gastric damage in rats. Methods: Eighteen albino Wistar male rats were divided into groups; gastric I/R (GIR), 50 mg/kg metyrosine+gastric I/R (MGIR), and sham (SG) groups. 50 mg/kg metyrosine was given to the MGIR group, and distilled water was given to the GIR and SG groups by the oral gavage. After 30 minutes, 25 mg/kg thiopental sodium was injected intraperitoneally. Ischemia was achieved for 1 hour by clamping the celiac artery of the MGIR and GIR groups, then reperfusion was achieved for 3 hours. After that, animals were killed with 50 mg/kg thiopental. Biochemical and histopathological examinations performed on the gastric tissues. Results: Metyrosine decreased the MDA and MPO and the increased the tGSH and SOD. In addition, it reduced inflammation by suppressing the decrease of COX-1 and the increase of COX-2. Histopathologically, metyrosine decreased symptoms caused by I/R such as mucosal necrosis, hemorrhage, edema, PMNL infiltration, and dilated congested blood vessels. Conclusions: Metyrosine prevented the I/R induced oxidative stress in the gastric tissue. Metyrosine may be beneficial for gastric I/R injury.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Findings from Wayne State University Update Understanding of Traumatic Brain Injury (Alpha-methyltyrosine Reduces the Acute Cardiovascular and Behavioral Sequelae In a Murine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury).
- Subjects
BRAIN injuries ,DISEASE complications ,STATE universities & colleges ,CENTRAL nervous system diseases ,BLOOD-brain barrier disorders ,TOTAL body irradiation - Abstract
Keywords: Detroit; State:Michigan; United States; North and Central America; Anions; Blood Brain Barrier; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Brain Injury; Brain Research; Cardiology; Cardiovascular; Cardiovascular Research; Cardiovascular System; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Chemicals; Chlorides; Craniocerebral Trauma; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Hydrochloric Acid; Potassium Chloride; Traumatic Brain Injury; alpha-Methyltyrosine EN Detroit State:Michigan United States North and Central America Anions Blood Brain Barrier Blood-Brain Barrier Brain Diseases and Conditions Brain Injury Brain Research Cardiology Cardiovascular Cardiovascular Research Cardiovascular System Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Chemicals Chlorides Craniocerebral Trauma Genetics Health and Medicine Hydrochloric Acid Potassium Chloride Traumatic Brain Injury alpha-Methyltyrosine 381 381 1 11/06/23 20231106 NES 231106 2023 NOV 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cardiovascular Week -- Investigators publish new report on Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions - Traumatic Brain Injury. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis decreased blood brain barrier leakage and improved behavioral outcomes after TBI. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
13. Alpha-methyltyrosine reduces the acute cardiovascular and behavioral sequelae in a murine model of traumatic brain injury.
- Author
-
Woodman R, Miller C, Student J, Freeman K, Perl D, and Lockette W
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, alpha-Methyltyrosine, Catecholamines, Chlorides, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Progression, Bicarbonates, Brain Injuries, Traumatic complications, Brain Injuries, Traumatic drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Increased catecholamines contribute to heightened cardiovascular reactivity and behavioral deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI); adrenergic receptor blockade has limited success in reducing adverse sequelae of TBI. Injury-induced increases in the synthesis of catecholamines could contribute to adverse outcomes in TBI. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis with alpha-methyltyrosine (αMT) could offer a benefit after TBI., Methods: Original research trial in mice randomized to αMT (50 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) or vehicle for 1 week after TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Primary outcomes of cardiovascular reactivity and behavioral deficits were assessed after 1 week. Secondary outcomes included blood brain barrier permeability and quantification of gene transcription whose products determine intraneuronal chloride concentrations, the release of catecholamines, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. These genes were the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor ("Adra2c"), the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter ("Nkcc1"), and the potassium chloride cotransporter ("Kcc2"). We also assessed the effect of TBI and αMT on the neuronal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger ("Ae3")., Results: Traumatic brain injury-induced increases in blood pressure and cardiac reactivity were blocked by αMT. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis decreased blood brain barrier leakage and improved behavioral outcomes after TBI. Traumatic brain injury diminished the transcription of Adra2c and enhanced expression of Nkcc1 while reducing Kcc2 transcription; αMT prevented the induction of the Nkcc1 by TBI without reversing the effects of TBI on Kcc2 expression; αMT also diminished Ae3 transcription., Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury acutely increases cardiovascular reactivity and induces behavioral deficits in an αMT-sensitive manner, most likely by inducing Nkcc1 gene transcription. Alpha-methyltyrosine may prove salutary in the treatment of TBI by attenuating the enhanced expression of Nkcc1, minimizing blood brain barrier leakage, and diminishing central catecholamine and sympathetic output. We also found an unreported relationship between Kcc2 and the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, which should be considered in the design of trials planned to manipulate central intraneuronal chloride concentrations following acute brain injury., (Copyright © 2023 Written work prepared by employees of the Federal Government as part of their official duties is, under the U.S. Copyright Act, a “work of the United States Government” for which copyright protection under Title 17 of the United States Code is not available. As such, copyright does not extend to the contributions of employees of the Federal Government.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Role for Metyrosine in the Treatment of Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- Author
-
Toby N. Weingarten, William F. Young, Irina Bancos, Lucinda Gruber, Sina Jasim, and Allison Ducharme-Smith
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Side effect ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Sedation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Metyrosine ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Context (language use) ,Pheochromocytoma ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biochemistry ,Paraganglioma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Humans ,Chemotherapy ,Mini-Reviews ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,medicine.disease ,Blockade ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Anesthesia ,Hypertension ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Context Treatment of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) requires preintervention titration of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade, but patients may still be at risk for complications from catecholamine excess. Metyrosine decreases catecholamine production, making it an attractive therapeutic adjunct for select patients. Evidence Acquisition A systematic literature review was performed (Ovid Medline and Scopus databases) on December 17, 2019, including studies with humans and original data. Studies with 10 or more patients on metyrosine for PPGL were included. Studies were screened for overlapping populations, and the most comprehensive study was included. The references of included studies were reviewed for additional data. Patient data from our institution between 2000 and 2015 were also reviewed. Evidence Synthesis Metyrosine is well tolerated when used for a short course and can improve intraoperative outcomes in PPGL. Metyrosine should be considered when a difficult PPGL resection is expected (eg, pericardiac paraganglioma, abdominal paraganglioma with great vessel involvement), a large release of catecholamines is anticipated (eg, ablative therapy, chemotherapy), or when standard alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade are not tolerated or cannot adequately control hypertension. Side effects are generally mild and self-limited, with sedation in a majority of patients. Extrapyramidal side effects are rare but can limit use of metyrosine. Because of its expense and limited availability, metyrosine use should be carefully planned and timed in relation to surgery. Conclusions Metyrosine is a safe addition to traditional alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade and should be considered in those patients with PPGL at high risk for acute release of catecholamines.
- Published
- 2021
15. Validation of the forced swim test in Drosophila, and its use to demonstrate psilocybin has long-lasting antidepressant-like effects in flies
- Author
-
M. Hibicke and C. D. Nichols
- Subjects
Male ,Mammals ,Multidisciplinary ,Citalopram ,Motor Activity ,Antidepressive Agents ,Methamphetamine ,Psilocybin ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Animals ,Humans ,Drosophila ,Female ,Swimming - Abstract
Psilocybin has been shown to be a powerful, long-lasting antidepressant in human clinical trials and in rodent models. Although rodents have commonly been used to model psychiatric disorders, Drosophila have neurotransmitter systems similar to mammals and many comparable brain structures involved in similar behaviors. The forced swim test (FST), which has been used extensively to evaluate compounds for antidepressant efficacy, has recently been adapted for Drosophila. The fly FST has potential to be a cost-effective, high-throughput assay for evaluating potential antidepressants. For this study we pharmacologically validated the fly FST using methamphetamine, DL-α-methyltyrosine, and the antidepressant citalopram. While methamphetamine and DL-α-methyltyrosine altered overall locomotor activity in the Drosophila Activity Monitor System (DAMS), they had no significant impact on measures of immobility in the FST. Conversely, chronic citalopram decreased measures of immobility in the FST in both sexes without increasing DAMS activity. We used the validated FST to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of high (3.5 mM) and low (0.03 mM) doses of psilocybin. Both doses of psilocybin significantly reduced measures of immobility in male flies, but not females. 0.03 mM had an effect size comparable to chronic citalopram, and 3.5 mM had an effect size approximately twice that of chronic citalopram.
- Published
- 2022
16. Pharmacological depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine with para-chlorophenylalanine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine reverses the antidepressant-like effects of adolescent caffeine exposure in the male rat
- Author
-
Alifayaz Abdulzahir, Jordan Sanford, Kaylin Hwang, and Sarah M. Turgeon
- Subjects
Male ,Serotonin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Anxiety ,Motor Activity ,Open field ,Antidepressant like ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Norepinephrine (medication) ,Norepinephrine ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurochemical ,Caffeine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Saline ,Pharmacology ,Behavior, Animal ,Depression ,Age Factors ,Fenclonine ,Anxiety Disorders ,Antidepressive Agents ,Rats ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Serotonin Antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Behavioural despair test ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Adolescent exposure to caffeine has been shown to decrease immobility in the forced swim test, suggesting and antidepressant-like effect of caffeine; however, studies have produced different results with regard to caffeine-induced active behaviors. The present study attempted to clarify the possible neurochemical mechanisms of caffeine's action by selectively depleting norepinephrine with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or serotonin with para-chlorophenylalanine in two separate experiments and assessing the ability for caffeine to alter anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior. Caffeine-treated adolescent male rats were exposed to caffeine (0.25 g/L) in their drinking water beginning on P28. A-methyl-p-tyrosine, para-chlorophenylalanine, or saline were administered prior to light-dark, open field, and forced swim testing beginning on P45. Caffeine-induced reductions in immobility and increases in swimming in the forced swim test were reversed by both a-methyl-p-tyrosine and para-chlorophenylalanine. Caffeine-induced increases in crosses and rears were reversed by para-chlorophenylalanine but not alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, whereas caffeine-induced increases in transitions in the LD test were reversed by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine but not para-chlorophenylalanine. Taken together, these results suggest that caffeine-induced decreases in immobility in male rats requires both norepinephrine and serotonin as depletion of either prevents the induction of immobility by chronic caffeine.
- Published
- 2020
17. Approach to the Patient
- Author
-
Henri J L M Timmers, Annika M A Berends, Jacques W.M. Lenders, Michiel N. Kerstens, and Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS)
- Subjects
sympathetic paraganglioma ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16] ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Sympathetic paraganglia ,Biochemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Patient-Centered Care ,HALOTHANE ANESTHESIA ,Perioperative management ,Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 16] ,perioperative management ,HYPERTENSIVE RESPONSE ,Combined Modality Therapy ,pheochromocytoma ,EUROPEAN-SOCIETY ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Curative treatment ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY ,Female ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Perioperative Care ,Paraganglioma ,Pheochromocytoma ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Perioperative Period ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Sympathetic Paraganglioma ,CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS ,ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT ,Paraganglia, Chromaffin ,business.industry ,HEMODYNAMIC INSTABILITY ,General surgery ,Biochemistry (medical) ,alpha-receptor blockade ,Surgical procedures ,medicine.disease ,ALPHA-METHYLTYROSINE ,Autonomic Nervous System Diseases ,Chromaffin cell ,HISTAMINE-RELEASE ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,business - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 225527.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare chromaffin cell tumors originating in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic paraganglia, respectively, which share the capacity to synthesize and release catecholamines. The incidence of PPGL has increased in recent years. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for PPGL. Management of patients with PPGL is complex and should be done by a specialized multidisciplinary team in centers with broad expertise. Surgical resection of a PPGL is a high-risk procedure for which optimal pretreatment with antihypertensive drugs is required in combination with state-of-the-art surgical procedures and anesthesiological techniques. In this article we discuss the underlying evidence and the pros and cons of presurgical medical preparation. Finally, the areas of uncertainty and controversies in this field are addressed.
- Published
- 2020
18. Uptake of positron emission tomography tracers reflects the tumor immune status in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Author
-
Keigo Hara, Kengo Kuriyama, Ken Shirabe, Hiroshi Saeki, Shigemasa Suzuki, Takayuki Asao, Tetsuya Higuchi, Tamami Higuchi, Yoshito Tsushima, Makoto Sakai, Makoto Sohda, Hideyuki Saito, Kyoichi Kaira, Takehiko Yokobori, Hiroyuki Kuwano, and Tomonori Yoshida
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,FDG‐PET ,Esophageal Neoplasms ,CD34 ,FAMT‐PET ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Basic and Clinical Immunology ,Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ,PD-L1 ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,hot tumor ,esophageal cancer ,Stage (cooking) ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,Original Articles ,CD8 ,Esophageal cancer ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Lymphatic system ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Oncology ,Positron emission tomography ,PD‐L1 ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Immunohistochemistry ,Original Article ,Female ,Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,business - Abstract
The relationship between the local immune status and cancer metabolism regarding 18F‐FDG and 18F‐FAMT uptake in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. The present study examined the correlations between tumor immune status, clinicopathological factors, and positron emission tomography (PET) tracer uptake in ESCC. Forty‐one ESCC patients who underwent 18F‐FDG PET and 18F‐FAMT PET before surgery were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemistry was conducted for programmed death 1 (PD‐1), CD8, Ki‐67, CD34, GLUT1 (18F‐FDG transporter) and LAT1 (18F‐FAMT transporter). ESCC specimens with high tumoral PD‐L1 and high CD8‐positive lymphocytes were considered to have “hot tumor immune status.” High PD‐L1 expression (53.7%) was significantly associated with tumor/lymphatic/venous invasion (P = 0.028, 0.032 and 0.018), stage (P = 0.041), CD8‐positive lymphocytes (P, High positron emission tomography (PET) tracer uptake is significantly correlated with hot tumor immune status (high PD‐L1 expression and infiltrative CD8‐positive T lymphocytes) in ESCC. PET imaging has the potential to select hot ESCC tumors that may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- Published
- 2020
19. Enhancing the accumulation level of 3-[
- Author
-
Ayaka, Kanai, Hirofumi, Hanaoka, Aiko, Yamaguchi, Isa, Mahendra, Citra, Palangka, Yasuhiro, Ohshima, Tetsuya, Higuchi, and Yoshito, Tsushima
- Subjects
Iodine Radioisotopes ,Mice ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Probenecid ,Neoplasms ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Animals ,Tissue Distribution ,Radiopharmaceuticals - Abstract
3-[Three biodistribution studies of [Probenecid preloading significantly delayed blood clearance and consequently enhanced the accumulation of [Preloading probenecid significantly delayed blood clearance and consequently enhanced the accumulation of [
- Published
- 2021
20. A first-in-human study of the novel metabolism-based anti-cancer agent SM-88 in subjects with advanced metastatic cancer
- Author
-
Alexander G. Vandell, Giuseppe Del Priore, Damian Stega, Marcus Smith Noel, Jeanetta Stega, and Steve Hoffman
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,SM-88 ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Pilot Projects ,Phase 1 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Stable Disease ,Quality of life ,Hyperpigmentation ,Phase I Studies ,Neoplasms ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Progression-free survival ,Adverse effect ,Aged ,Melanins ,Sirolimus ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,SMK therapy ,Cancer ,Exanthema ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cancer metabolism ,Survival Analysis ,Rash ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,030104 developmental biology ,Tolerability ,Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ,Phenytoin ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Quality of Life ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Summary Purpose SM-88 (D,L-alpha-metyrosine; racemetyrosine) is a novel anti-cancer agent, used with melanin, phenytoin, and sirolimus (SMK Therapy). This pilot first-in-human study characterized the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of SMK Therapy in subjects with advanced metastatic cancer. Methods All subjects (n = 30) received SMK Therapy for an initial 6 week Cycle (5 days on, 2 off per week) and continued if well tolerated. Safety signals, clinical response, overall survival, progression free survival (PFS), and quality of life changes were assessed. Results The most common drug related adverse events were hyperpigmentation and rash. All drug related adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity. Following treatment with SMK Therapy, 4 subjects achieved complete response, 6 partial response, and 17 stable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 (total clinical benefit 90%). Responses were observed within 6 weeks, and continued to improve, with 3 complete and 3 partial responders achieving best response after at least 3.2 months. Durable stable disease was observed, lasting a median duration of 11 months (range 1–31 months). Median overall survival for all subjects was 29.8 months, and median PFS was 13 months. Following 6 weeks of treatment, most (83.3%) subjects showed an improvement in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and an improvement in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ 30) global health status (baseline 61.2 ± 25.0; end of Cycle 1 80.7 ± 14.7; n = 29; p Conclusions The results of this study support continued development of SM-88.
- Published
- 2019
21. Correlation between urinary fractionated metanephrines in 24-hour and spot urine samples for evaluating the therapeutic effect of metyrosine: a subanalysis of a multicenter, open-label phase I/II study
- Author
-
Tadashi Matsuda, Tsuneo Imai, Takahiro Okamoto, Kazuhiro Takekoshi, Suguru Asada, Nobuyuki Kawata, Fumitoshi Satoh, Tomoaki Tanaka, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Mitsuhide Naruse, Masanobu Yamada, Mika Tsuiki, Takuyuki Katabami, Masatoshi Nomura, and Akiyo Tanabe
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Urinary system ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Urology ,Metyrosine ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Pheochromocytoma ,Urine ,Normetanephrine ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Paraganglioma ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Japan ,Preoperative Care ,Humans ,Medicine ,Vanillylmandelic acid ,Child ,Metanephrine ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Therapeutic effect ,Metanephrines ,Middle Aged ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,ROC Curve ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,business - Abstract
We recently conducted an open-label phase I/II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative and chronic treatment with metyrosine (an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis) in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) in Japan. We compared creatinine-corrected metanephrine fractions in spot urine and 24-hour urine samples (the current standard for the screening and diagnosis of PPGLs) from 16 patients to assess the therapeutic effect of metyrosine. Percent changes from baseline in urinary metanephrine (uMN) or normetanephrine (uNMN) were compared between spot and 24-hour urine samples. Mean percent changes in uMN or uNMN in spot and 24-hour urine were -26.36% and -29.27%, respectively. The difference in the percent change from baseline between uMN or uNMN in spot and 24-hour urine was small (-2.90%). The correlation coefficient was 0.87 for percent changes from baseline between uMN or uNMN measured in spot and 24-hour urine. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of uMN or uNMN measured in spot urine vs. 24-hour urine (reference standard) to assess the efficacy of metyrosine treatment was 0.93. Correlations and ROCs between 24-hour urinary vanillylmandelic acid, adrenaline, and noradrenaline and 24-hour uMN or uNMN were similar to those between spot uMN or uNMN and 24-hour uMN or uNMN. No large difference was observed between spot and 24-hour urine for the assessment of metyrosine treatment by quantifying uMN or uNMN in Japanese patients with PPGLs. These results suggest that spot urine samples may be useful in assessing the therapeutic effect of metyrosine.
- Published
- 2019
22. 5-HT
- Author
-
Nazlı, Turan Yücel, Ümmühan, Kandemir, Ümide, Demir Özkay, and Özgür Devrim, Can
- Subjects
Male ,hot-plate test ,Pain ,tail-immersion test ,vortioxetine ,Piperazines ,Article ,Mice ,monoamines ,Animals ,tail-clip test ,Maze Learning ,Phentolamine ,Analgesics ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Diazepam ,Morphine ,Naloxone ,Fenclonine ,Brain ,Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha ,Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists ,Analgesics, Opioid ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Motor Skills ,Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A ,opioid ,Analgesia ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - Abstract
Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant drug that affects several brain neurochemicals and has the potential to induce various pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, we investigated the centrally mediated analgesic efficacy of this drug and the mechanisms underlying this effect. Analgesic activity of vortioxetine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) was examined by tail-clip, tail-immersion and hot-plate tests. Motor performance of animals was evaluated using Rota-rod device. Time course measurements (30–180 min) showed that vortioxetine (10 and 20 mg/kg) administrations significantly increased the response latency, percent maximum possible effect and area under the curve values in all of the nociceptive tests. These data pointed out the analgesic effect of vortioxetine on central pathways carrying acute thermal and mechanical nociceptive stimuli. Vortioxetine did not alter the motor coordination of mice indicating that the analgesic activity of this drug was specific. In mechanistic studies, pre-treatments with p-chlorophenylalanine (serotonin-synthesis inhibitor), NAN-190 (serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist), α-methyl-para-tyrosine (catecholamine-synthesis inhibitor), phentolamine (non-selective α-adrenoceptor blocker), and naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor blocker) antagonised the vortioxetine-induced analgesia. Obtained findings indicated that vortioxetine-induced analgesia is mediated by 5-HT1A serotonergic, α-adrenergic and opioidergic receptors, and contributions of central serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmissions are critical for this effect.
- Published
- 2021
23. Involvement of dopamine D
- Author
-
Inara Fernanda Misiuta, Raupp-Barcaro, Isabella Caroline, da Silva Dias, Erika, Meyer, Jeane Cristina Fonseca, Vieira, Giovana, da Silva Pereira, Arthur Ribeiro, Petkowicz, Rúbia Maria Weffort, de Oliveira, and Roberto, Andreatini
- Subjects
Male ,Adrenergic Antagonists ,Behavior, Animal ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,Neurogenesis ,Adrenergic Agonists ,Hippocampus ,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ,Antidepressive Agents ,Mice ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Amantadine ,Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors - Abstract
The present study investigated the pharmacological mechanisms of the antidepressant-like effects of amantadine in mice and their influence on hippocampal neurogenesis. To improve the translational validity of preclinical results, reproducibility across laboratories and replication in other animal models and species are crucial. Single amantadine administration at doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg resulted in antidepressant-like effects in mice in the tail suspension test (TST), reflected by an increase in immobility time. The effects of amantadine were seen at doses that did not alter locomotor activity. The tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor α-methyl-ρ-tyrosine did not influence the anti-immobility effect of amantadine in the TST. Pretreatment with the α
- Published
- 2021
24. α-Emitting cancer therapy using
- Author
-
Kazuko, Kaneda-Nakashima, ZiJian, Zhang, Yoshiyuki, Manabe, Atsushi, Shimoyama, Kazuya, Kabayama, Tadashi, Watabe, Yoshikatsu, Kanai, Kazuhiro, Ooe, Atsushi, Toyoshima, Yoshifumi, Shirakami, Takashi, Yoshimura, Mitsuhiro, Fukuda, Jun, Hatazawa, Takashi, Nakano, Koichi, Fukase, and Atsushi, Shinohara
- Subjects
Male ,Drug Carriers ,Original Articles ,Alpha Particles ,anti‐cancer drug ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1 ,Disease Models, Animal ,Mice ,HEK293 Cells ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Drug Discovery and Delivery ,astatine‐211 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Animals ,Feasibility Studies ,Humans ,DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ,Female ,Original Article ,large neutral amino acid transporter 1 ,nuclear medicine ,Astatine ,amino acid - Abstract
α‐Methyl‐l‐tyrosine (AMT) has a high affinity for the cancer‐specific l‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). Therefore, we established an anti‐cancer therapy, with 211At‐labeled α‐methyl‐l‐tyrosine (211At‐AAMT) as a carrier of 211At into tumors. 211At‐AAMT had high affinity for LAT1, inhibited tumor cell growth, and induced DNA double‐stranded breaks in vitro. We evaluated the accumulation of 211At‐AAMT in vivo and the role of LAT1. Treatment with 0.4 MBq/mouse 211At‐AAMT inhibited tumor growth in the PANC‐1 tumor model and 1 MBq/mouse 211At‐AAMT inhibited metastasis in the lung of the B16F10 metastasis model. Our results suggested that 211At would be useful for anti‐cancer therapy and that LAT1 is suitable as a target for radionuclide therapy., α‐Methyl‐l‐tyrosine (AMT) has a high affinity for the cancer‐specific l‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). Therefore, we establish an anti‐cancer therapy using 211At‐labeled α‐methyl‐l‐tyrosine (211At‐AAMT) as a carrier of 211At into tumors. 211At is useful for anti‐cancer therapy and LAT1 was suitable as a target for nuclear medicine.
- Published
- 2020
25. Preoperative Management of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- Author
-
Li Ding, Qing He, Fang Fang, and Ming Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,hypertension ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Signs and symptoms ,Disease ,Review ,Neuroendocrine tumors ,lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Pheochromocytoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,paraganglioma ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Paraganglioma ,Preoperative Care ,medicine ,Palpitations ,Humans ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ,preoperative management ,lcsh:RC648-665 ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Calcium Channel Blockers ,pheochromocytoma ,α-adrenergic receptor antagonists ,Receptors, Adrenergic ,030104 developmental biology ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Radiology ,Headaches ,medicine.symptom ,business ,adrenergic receptors ,catecholamines - Abstract
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors, characterized by excessive release of catecholamines (CAs), and manifested as the classic triad of headaches, palpitations, profuse sweating, and a variety of other signs and symptoms. The diagnosis of PPGL requires both evidence of excessive release of CAs and anatomical localization of CA-secreting tumor. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for all patients with PPGL unless contraindicated. However, without proper preparation, the release of excessive CAs, especially during surgery, can result in lethal cardiovascular complications. Herein, we briefly reviewed the pathogenesis of this disease, discussed the current approaches and evidence available for preoperative management, summarizing the results of the latest studies which compared the efficacies of preoperative management with or without α adrenergic-receptor antagonists, aiming to facilitate better understanding of the preoperative management of PPGL for the physicians.
- Published
- 2020
26. Effect of levodopa/carbidopa on stress response in zebrafish
- Author
-
Renan, Idalencio, Taise Miranda, Lopes, Suelen Mendonça, Soares, Aline, Pompermaier, Heloísa Helena, de Alcantara Barcellos, Fabiana, Kalichak, Michele, Fagundes, Caio Maximino, de Oliveira, and Leonardo José Gil, Barcellos
- Subjects
Male ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,Hydrocortisone ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Dopamine ,Dopaminergic Neurons ,Carbidopa ,Zebrafish Proteins ,Levodopa ,Drug Combinations ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Stress, Physiological ,Adrenal Glands ,Dopamine Agonists ,Animals ,Female ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Zebrafish - Abstract
The dopaminergic system of zebrafish is complex and the numerous pathways and receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) are being extensively studied. A critical factor for the synthesis, activation and release of catecholamines (CAs) is the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme which converts L-tyrosine into levodopa. Levodopa thus is the intermediary in the synthesis of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) and promotes its release; therefore, CAs play an important role in the CNS with hormonal functions. Here, we use levodopa/carbidopa to clarify the involvement of the dopaminergic pathway in the stress response in zebrafish submitted to an acute stress challenge. Acute stress was induced by chasing fish with a net for 2 min and assessed by measuring whole-body cortisol levels. Two experiments were carried out, the first with exposure to levodopa/carbidopa and the second with exposure to AMPT and levodopa/carbidopa. Levodopa/carbidopa balances the stress response through its action on the zebrafish hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Changes in cortisol levels suggest that DA was related to the balance of the stress response and that NE decreased this response. These effects were specific to stress since levodopa/carbidopa did not induce changes in cortisol in non-stressed fish.
- Published
- 2020
27. Epinephrine use in COVID-19: friend or foe?
- Author
-
Dong Liu, Juan Li, and Pan Luo
- Subjects
intensive & critical care ,Male ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,CD3 Complex ,Epinephrine ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,T-Lymphocytes ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,In Vitro Techniques ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Immunotherapy, Adoptive ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,Norepinephrine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Catecholamines ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Myeloid Cells ,030212 general & internal medicine ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,business.industry ,Syndrome ,PostScript ,Virology ,infection control ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Cytokines ,infectious diseases & infestations ,pathology ,Female ,pharmacology ,business ,Atrial Natriuretic Factor ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a life-threatening complication of several new immunotherapies used to treat cancers and autoimmune diseases
- Published
- 2020
28. A fluorescence signal amplification strategy for modification-free ratiometric determination of tyrosinase in situ based on the use of dual-templated copper nanoclusters
- Author
-
Zhenyu Lin, Longhua Guo, Bin Qiu, Yong Wu, Wen Qiu, Huanan Zhao, Xuemin Huang, Wei Pan, and Jian Wang
- Subjects
animal structures ,Tyrosinase ,Metal Nanoparticles ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Limit of Detection ,Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ,Bovine serum albumin ,Detection limit ,Glycylglycine ,integumentary system ,biology ,Monophenol Monooxygenase ,Substrate (chemistry) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Monomer ,Förster resonance energy transfer ,chemistry ,embryonic structures ,biology.protein ,Methyldopa ,0210 nano-technology ,Copper - Abstract
A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based in situ fluorescence signal amplification strategy is described for the determination of tyrosinase (TYR). In this assay, a dual-templated copper nanocluster (CuNCs) stabilized by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glycylglycine (Gly-Gly) was used as an energy donor. Metyrosine was employed as a TYR substrate because its enzyme catalytic product (methyldopa) was able to function as a monomer molecule to form fluorescent polymethyldopa (PMeDP) with the assistance of BSA/Gly-Gly CuNCs. In this process, PMeDP can combine with BSA/Gly-Gly CuNCs without extra modification and then acts as an energy receptor, which leads to a remarkable FRET from BSA/Gly-Gly CuNCs to PMeDP. Interestingly, the fluorescence intensity of PMeDP was strengthened greatly in the FRET-based sensor compared to the separate excitation, which provided good sensitivity for TYR sensing. Illuminated under a UV light source, the fluorescence signal change is observed from dark violet to bright green. Therefore, the present sensing system affords a reliable ratiometric assay for TYR determination. Also, the ratio of fluorescence intensity between PMeDP (λem at 505 nm, F505) and BSA/Gly-Gly CuNCs (λem at 415 nm, F415) was used for quantitative determination of TYR. The sensing system was easily operated in aqueous media with an exciting detection limit of 44.0 U L−1. This sensing strategy has been applied to the screening of inhibitors.
- Published
- 2020
29. Relationship Between Tumor Immune Markers and Fluorine-18-α-Methyltyrosine ([
- Author
-
Kimihiro, Shimizu, Kyoichi, Kaira, Tetsuya, Higuchi, Takeshi, Hisada, Takehiko, Yokobori, Tetsunari, Oyama, Takayuki, Asao, Yoshito, Tsushima, and Ken, Shirabe
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Analysis of Variance ,Fluorine Radioisotopes ,Lung Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,B7-H1 Antigen ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,ROC Curve ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Female ,Aged - Abstract
3-[A total of 75 patients with NSCLC who underwent [High uptake of [The uptake of [
- Published
- 2019
30. Polymethyldopa Nanoparticles-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Detection of Tyrosinase Activity
- Author
-
Jiahui Zhao, Xiurong Yang, Shuang Wang, Jian Sun, Guoyong Liu, and Shasha Lu
- Subjects
Indoles ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Polymers ,Tyrosinase ,Metyrosine ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,Polymerization ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ethanolamine ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Instrumentation ,Enzyme Assays ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Monophenol Monooxygenase ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Substrate (chemistry) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,chemistry ,Pyrones ,Nanoparticles ,Methyldopa ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Being a typical copper-containing oxidase, tyrosinase plays critical roles in biological activity, and its aberrant expression might cause diverse skin diseases. Herein, we, for the first time, have found an interesting green fluorogenic reaction between methyldopa and ethanolamine. By combining transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrum analysis, we have confirmed that there is a reliable method for preparing the bright green fluorescent polymethyldopa nanoparticles (PMNPs) by simply mixing methyldopa and ethanolamine at room temperature. Inspired by such a simple and convenient fluorogenic reaction, a novel polymethyldopa nanoparticles-based fluorescent sensor for detection of tyrosinase activity was developed by using the commercially available metyrosine as a substrate, accompanied by the tyrosinase-catalyzed specific conversion of metyrosine into methyldopa. According to the intrinsic sensitivity/selectivity of fluorescence technology and unambiguous response mechanism, our fluorescent sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance and can be utilized in the determination of the tyrosinase activity in real biological samples and inhibitor screening.
- Published
- 2018
31. Image screening for maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis with CT
- Author
-
Keisuke, Suzuki, Jun, Kurihara, Mai, Kim, Sakura, Yanagisawa, Masaru, Ogawa, Takaya, Makiguchi, and Satoshi, Yokoo
- Subjects
alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Humans ,Actinomycosis - Abstract
Clinical features and imaging findings of maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis are similar to those of intraosseous carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the imaging findings for screening of maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis using CT and PET.Reports on maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis published between 1997 and 2016 were searched in PubMed using "actinomycosis," "maxilla," and "mandibular" as keywords. Ten cases suspected to have malignant tumors on diagnostic imaging findings were selected. In addition, three patients who visited Gunma University Hospital were also included. The 13 total cases were subjected to a pooled analysis of diagnostic screening of maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis using CT,CT images of the 13 cases with maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis were investigated; spotty-type bone resorption was observed in 66.7% (8/12). Moreover, FDG-PET/CT showed abnormal accumulation, but FAMT-PET/CT showed no apparent abnormal accumulation.Clinical and imaging findings of maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis are similar to those of intraosseous carcinoma. Differential diagnostic screening can confirm spotty-type bone resorption in cortical bone with CT and specific accumulation in malignant tumors with FAMT-PET/CT. This screening facilitates the rapid implementation of therapeutic interventions.
- Published
- 2019
32. The effect of metyrosine on oxidative gastric damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochemical and histopathological evaluation
- Author
-
Ferda Keskin Cimen, Arif Burak Cekic, Mine Gulaboglu, Huseyin Eken, Yasin Bilgin, Zeynep Suleyman, Orhan Cimen, Durdu Altuner, and Aslı Özbek Bilgin
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Necrosis ,RD1-811 ,Ischemia ,Metyrosine ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Edema ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Rats, Wistar ,business.industry ,Stomach ,Rats ,medicine.disease ,Disease Models, Animal ,Oxidative Stress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Gastric Mucosa ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Reperfusion Injury ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Reperfusion injury ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of metyrosine against I/R induced gastric damage in rats. Methods: Eighteen albino Wistar male rats were divided into groups; gastric I/R (GIR), 50 mg/kg metyrosine+gastric I/R (MGIR), and sham (SG) groups. 50 mg/kg metyrosine was given to the MGIR group, and distilled water was given to the GIR and SG groups by the oral gavage. After 30 minutes, 25 mg/kg thiopental sodium was injected intraperitoneally. Ischemia was achieved for 1 hour by clamping the celiac artery of the MGIR and GIR groups, then reperfusion was achieved for 3 hours. After that, animals were killed with 50 mg/kg thiopental. Biochemical and histopathological examinations performed on the gastric tissues. Results: Metyrosine decreased the MDA and MPO and the increased the tGSH and SOD. In addition, it reduced inflammation by suppressing the decrease of COX-1 and the increase of COX-2. Histopathologically, metyrosine decreased symptoms caused by I/R such as mucosal necrosis, hemorrhage, edema, PMNL infiltration, and dilated congested blood vessels. Conclusions: Metyrosine prevented the I/R induced oxidative stress in the gastric tissue. Metyrosine may be beneficial for gastric I/R injury.
- Published
- 2018
33. Perioperative hemodynamics and outcomes of patients on metyrosine undergoing resection of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma
- Author
-
David P. Martin, Darrell R. Schroeder, James J. Butz, Toby N. Weingarten, Travis J. McKenzie, William F. Young, Alexandre N. Cavalcante, Irina Bancos, and Juraj Sprung
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Diastole ,Hemodynamics ,Blood Pressure ,Pheochromocytoma ,Paraganglioma ,Intraoperative Period ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interquartile range ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Vasoconstrictor Agents ,Postoperative Period ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Propensity Score ,Retrospective Studies ,Phenoxybenzamine ,business.industry ,Acute kidney injury ,General Medicine ,Perioperative ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Treatment Outcome ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Blood pressure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Anesthesia ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Laparoscopy ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
Introduction To describe outcomes of patients with metyrosine (MET) pretreatment for abdominal surgical resection of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) compared with patients who had phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) pretreatment. Methods Retrospective review of perioperative outcomes for PCC/PGL patients treated with MET and propensity-matched comparison of MET and PBZ (MET + PBZ) with PBZ alone. Results MET preparation was given in 63 cases (26 laparoscopic and 37 open, of which 55 also received PBZ). All patients had wide perioperative hemodynamic oscillations. Patients with open procedures required more intravenous fluids and blood transfusions; 35% required postoperative vasopressor infusions for hypotension and 38% developed acute kidney injury. One laparoscopic procedure required postoperative vasopressor infusion, and 12% of patients developed acute kidney injury. Forty-five MET + PBZ patients were propensity-matched with PBZ-only patients. Intraoperatively, MET + PBZ patients had lower minimum systolic and diastolic blood pressures than PBZ-only patients (median systolic, 74 vs 80 mm Hg, P = 0.01; median diastolic, 42 vs 46 mm Hg, P = 0.005) and larger intraoperative blood pressure oscillations (median systolic range, 112 vs 93 mm Hg, P = 0.06; median diastolic range, 58 vs 51 mm Hg, P = 0.02). Postoperative vasopressor infusion use was similar between MET + PBZ and PBZ only (16% vs 11%, P = 0.76). Major outcomes were not different between regimens. Conclusion Large hemodynamic oscillations were present in our PCC/PGL patients treated with MET + PBZ. These patients had a wider range of intraoperative blood pressure variations than PBZ-only patients. No differences in postoperative comorbid outcomes were found between MET + PBZ and PBZ-only groups.
- Published
- 2017
34. Blockade of the dopaminergic neurotransmission with AMPT and reserpine induces a differential expression of genes of the dopaminergic phenotype in substantia nigra
- Author
-
Sergio Ortiz-Padilla, Yadira Bastián, Abril Armenta Manjarrez, Elier Soto-Orduño, J. Alfredo Méndez, and Marisa Escobar Barrios
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Reserpine ,Dopamine ,Hippocampus ,Gene Expression ,Substantia nigra ,Synaptic Transmission ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,AMPT ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Maze Learning ,Pharmacology ,Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors ,Chemistry ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,Dopaminergic Neurons ,Receptors, Dopamine D1 ,Dopaminergic ,Retrograde tracing ,Substantia Nigra ,Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists ,030104 developmental biology ,Phenotype ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,nervous system ,GABAergic ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons have the ability to release Dopamine from their axons as well as from their soma and dendrites. This somatodendritically-released Dopamine induces an autoinhibition of Dopaminergic neurons mediated by D2 autoreceptors, and the stimulation of neighbor GABAergic neurons mediated by D1 receptors (D1r). Here, our results suggest that the somatodendritic release of Dopamine in the substantia nigra (SN) may stimulate GABAergic neurons that project their axons into the hippocampus. Using semiquantitative multiplex RT-PCR we show that chronic blockade of the Dopaminergic neurotransmission with both AMPT and reserpine specifically decreases the expression levels of D1r, remarkably this may be the result of an antagonistic effect between AMPT and reserpine, as they induced the expression of a different set of genes when treated by separate. Furthermore, using anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques, we found that the GABAergic neurons that express D1r also project their axons in to the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Finally, we also found that the same treatment that decreases the expression levels of D1r in SN, also induces an impairment in the performance in an appetitive learning task that requires the coding of reward as well as navigational skills. Overall, our findings show the presence of a GABAergic interconnection between the SNr and the hippocampus mediated by D1r.
- Published
- 2019
35. A Novel Model of Dexamethasone-Induced Hypertension: Use in Investigating the Role of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
- Author
-
Randy Strong, Alexandra Estela Soto-Pina, Helmut B. Gottlieb, C. S. Sheela Rani, Cynthia Franklin, and Carmen Hinojosa-Laborde
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Mean arterial pressure ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Blood Pressure ,Dexamethasone ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,Serine ,medicine ,Animals ,Phosphorylation ,Pharmacology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,business.industry ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Dose–response relationship ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,Adrenal Medulla ,Hypertension ,Molecular Medicine ,Adrenal medulla ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Our objective was to study hypertension induced by chronic administration of synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), under nonstressful conditions and examine the role of catecholamine biosynthesis. To achieve this, we did the following: 1) used radiotelemetry to record mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in freely moving rats, and 2) administered different doses of DEX in drinking water. To evaluate the involvement of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis, we treated rats with the TH inhibitor, α-methyl-para-tyrosine (α-MPT), for 3 days prior to administration of DEX and assessed TH mRNA and protein expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in the adrenal medulla. We observed a dose-dependent elevation in blood pressure with a DEX dose of 0.3 mg/kg administered for 10 days, significantly increasing MAP by +15.0 ± 1.1 mm Hg, while concomitantly reducing HR. Although this DEX treatment also significantly decreased body weight, pair-fed animals that showed similar decreases in body weight due to lowered food intake were not hypertensive, suggesting that body weight changes may not account for DEX-induced hypertension. Chronic DEX treatment significantly increased the TH mRNA and protein levels in the adrenal medulla, and α-MPT administration not only reduced DEX pressor effects, but also inhibited TH (serine(40)) phosphorylation. Our study thus validates a novel model to study hypertension induced by chronic intake of DEX in freely moving rats not subject to the confounding factors of previous models and establishes its dependence on concomitant activation of peripheral catecholamine biosynthesis.
- Published
- 2016
36. Cardiac sympathetic activity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
- Author
-
Hein J. Verberne, Therese van Amelsvoort, Berthe L. F. van Eck-Smit, Derk O. Verschure, Jan Booij, G. Aernout Somsen, Erik Boot, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Psychiatrie (9), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Nuclear Medicine, and Other departments
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Adrenergic ,AMPT ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Scintigraphy ,Placebo ,Planar MIBG myocardial scintigraphy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Norepinephrine ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,DiGeorge syndrome ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,DiGeorge Syndrome ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Monoamine depletion ,business.industry ,Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ,Heart ,medicine.disease ,3-Iodobenzylguanidine ,Endocrinology ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,22q11.2 deletion syndrome ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Female ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,Cardiac sympathetic activity - Abstract
Aim: 21.111.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) affects calechol-O-methyl-Lransferase (COMT), which involves the degradation of norepinephrine (NE). Clinically, adults with 22q11.2DS are al increased risk for sudden unexpected death. Although the causes are likely multifactorial, increased cardiac sympathetic activity with subsequent fatal arrhythmia, due to increased levels of NE, should be considered as a possible mechanism predisposing to this premature death. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cardiac sympathetic activity is increased in 22q11.2DS, both at baseline and following an acute NE depletion with alpha-methyl-parcktyrosine (AMPT). Methods: Five adults with 22q11.2DS and five age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent 2 sessions with either AMPT or placebo administration before I-123-tnlBG scintigraphy. Heal t-to-mediastinum ratios (H/M) were determined from the images 15 mm (early) and 4 h (late) after administration of I-123-thIBC and the washout (WO) was calculated as an indicator of adrenergic drive. Results: At baseline there were no significant differences in both early and late H/M between 22q11.2DS and controls. However, there was a significant difference in WO between 22c111.2DS and controls (-4.92 +/- 2.8 and -1044 +/- 7.2, respectively; p = 0.027), but a "negative WO" does not support an increased sympathetic drive. In addition there was a trend towards a higher late H/M after AMPT administration compared to baseline which was more pronounced in 22q11.2DS. Conclusion: This study for the first time suggests normal cardiac sympathetic activity in adults with 22q11.2DS assessed by I-123-mIBG scintigraphy. Although there is a small difference in acIrenergic drive compared to healthy subjects, this most likely does not explain the increased unexpected death rate in the 22(111.2 DS population. 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All lights reserved.
- Published
- 2016
37. Reversible Pharmacological Induction of Motor Symptoms in MPTP-Treated Mice at the Presymptomatic Stage of Parkinsonism: Potential Use for Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
- Author
-
G. R. Khakimova, E. A. Kozina, Valerian G Kucheryanu, and Michael V. Ugrumov
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Parkinson's disease ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Substantia nigra ,Motor Activity ,Models, Biological ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Catecholamines ,Nerve Fibers ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dopamine ,medicine ,Animals ,MPTP ,Parkinsonism ,Neurodegeneration ,Dopaminergic ,Parkinson Disease ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Neostriatum ,Substantia Nigra ,Early Diagnosis ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,030104 developmental biology ,Neurology ,chemistry ,1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A crucial event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is the death of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system, which are responsible for the regulation of motor function. Motor symptoms first appear in patients 20-30 years after the onset of the neurodegeneration, when there has been a loss of an essential number of neurons and depletion of compensatory reserves of the brain, which explains the low efficiency of treatment. Therefore, the development of a technology for the diagnosing of Parkinson's disease at the preclinical stage is of a high priority in neurology. In this study, we have developed at an experimental model a fundamentally novel for neurology approach for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease at the preclinical stage. This methodology, widely used for the diagnosis of chronic diseases in the internal medicine, is based on the application of a challenge test that temporarily increases the latent failure of a specific functional system, thereby inducing the short-term appearance of clinical symptoms. The provocation test was developed by a systemic administration of α-methyl-p-tyrosine (αMpT), a reversible inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase to MPTP-treated mice at the presymptomatic stage of parkinsonism. For this, we first selected a minimum dose of αMpT, which caused a decrease of the dopamine level in the striatum of normal mice below the threshold at which motor dysfunctions appear. Then, we found the maximum dose of αMpT at which a loss of dopamine in the striatum of normal mice did not reach the threshold level, and motor behavior was not impaired. We showed that αMpT at this dose induced a decrease of the dopamine concentration in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice at the presymptomatic stage of parkinsonism below a threshold level that results in the impairment of motor behavior. Finally, we proved that αMpT exerts a temporal and reversible influence on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of MPTP-treated mice with no long-term side effects on other catecholaminergic systems. Thus, the above experimental data strongly suggest that αMpT-based challenge test might be considered as the provocation test for Parkinson's disease diagnosis at the preclinical stage in the future clinical trials.
- Published
- 2016
38. Role of brainstem serotonin in analgesia produced by low-intensity exercise on neuropathic pain after sciatic nerve injury in mice
- Author
-
Claudio Da Cunha, Marina Machado Córdova, Franciane Bobinski, Cristina Martins-Silva, Kathleen A. Sluka, Anicleto Poli, Rita Gomes Wanderley Pires, Adair R.S. Santos, Tamara Andrea Alarcon Ferreira, Caroline Cunha do Espírito Santo, and Patrícia A. Dombrowski
- Subjects
Serotonin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Interleukin-1beta ,Physical exercise ,Tryptophan Hydroxylase ,Article ,Mice ,Peripheral Nerve Injuries ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Fenclonine ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Behavior, Animal ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,Chronic pain ,Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ,Tryptophan hydroxylase ,Sciatic nerve injury ,medicine.disease ,Sciatic Nerve ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,Receptors, Serotonin ,Neuropathic pain ,Peripheral nerve injury ,Neuralgia ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Brain Stem ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Physical exercise is a low-cost, safe, and efficient intervention for the reduction of neuropathic chronic pain in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms for how exercise reduces neuropathic pain are not yet well understood. Central monoaminergic systems play a critical role in endogenous analgesia leading us to hypothesize that the analgesic effect of low-intensity exercise occurs through activation of monoaminergic neurotransmission in descending inhibitory systems. To test this hypothesis, we induced peripheral nerve injury (PNI) by crushing the sciatic nerve. The exercise intervention consisted of low-intensity treadmill running for 2 weeks immediately after injury. Animals with PNI showed an increase in pain-like behaviors that were reduced by treadmill running. Reduction of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) synthesis using the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor para-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester prevented the analgesic effect of exercise. However, blockade catecholamine synthesis with the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine had no effect. In parallel, 2 weeks of exercise increased brainstem levels of the 5-HT and its metabolites (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid), decreased expression of the serotonin transporter, and increased expression of 5-HT receptors (5HT-1B, 2A, 2C). Finally, PNI-induced increase in inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta, in the brainstem, was reversed by 2 weeks of exercise. These findings provide new evidence indicating that low-intensity aerobic treadmill exercise suppresses pain-like behaviors in animals with neuropathic pain by enhancing brainstem 5-HT neurotransmission. These data provide a rationale for the analgesia produced by exercise to provide an alternative approach to the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
- Published
- 2015
39. α-Methyltyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, decreases stress response in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- Author
-
Caio Maximino de Oliveira, Murilo S. de Abreu, Fernanda da Silveira Dametto, Heloísa Helena de Alcântara Barcellos, Letícia Marcheto, Michele Fagundes, Leonardo José Gil Barcellos, Fabiana Kalichak, João Gabriel Santos da Rosa, Renan Idalencio, and Thiago Acosta Oliveira
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hydrocortisone ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Danio ,Stimulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,AMPT ,Endocrinology ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibitor ,Zebrafish ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In this article, we show that the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor α-Methyl-l-tyrosine (AMPT) decreased the responsiveness of the zebrafish stress axis to an acute stressful challenge. These effects were specific for responses to stimulation, since unstimulated (basal) cortisol levels were not altered by AMPT. Moreover, AMPT decreased the stress response 15min after stimulation, but not after that time period. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the effects of AMPT on the neuroendocrine axis of adult zebrafish in acute stress responses. Overall, these results suggest a mechanism of catecholamine-glucocorticoid interplay in neuroendocrine responses of fish, pointing an interesting avenue for physiological research, as well as an important endpoint that can be disrupted by environmental contamination. Further experiments will unravel the mechanisms by which AMPT blocked the cortisol response.
- Published
- 2017
40. Effects of dopamine and serotonin synthesis inhibitors on the ketamine-, d-amphetamine-, and cocaine-induced locomotor activity of preweanling and adolescent rats: sex differences
- Author
-
Timothy J. Baum, Andrea E. Moran, Matthew G. Apodaca, Sanders A. McDougall, Angie Teran, Ginny I. Park, Jordan A. Taylor, Nazaret R. Montejano, Cynthia A. Crawford, Jasmine W. Rios, and Jasmine A.M. Robinson
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dextroamphetamine ,Dopamine Agents ,Serotonergic ,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ,Article ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,AMPT ,Serotonin Agents ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cocaine ,Dopamine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Drug Interactions ,Ketamine ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Amphetamine ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Behavior, Animal ,business.industry ,Dopaminergic ,Age Factors ,Fenclonine ,Rats ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Endocrinology ,NMDA receptor ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Female ,Serotonin ,business ,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ,Locomotion ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The pattern of ketamine-induced locomotor activity varies substantially across ontogeny and according to sex. Although ketamine is classified as an NMDA channel blocker, it appears to stimulate the locomotor activity of both male and female rats via a monoaminergic mechanism. To more precisely determine the neural mechanisms underlying ketamine’s actions, male and female preweanling and adolescent rats were pretreated with vehicle, the dopamine (DA) synthesis inhibitor ∝-methyl-DL-p-tyrosine (AMPT), or the serotonin (5-HT) synthesis inhibitor 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (PCPA). After completion of the pretreatment regimen, the locomotor activating effects of saline, ketamine, d- amphetamine, and cocaine were assessed during a 2 h test session. In addition, the ability of AMPT and PCPA to reduce dorsal striatal DA and 5-HT content was measured in male and female preweanling, adolescent, and adult rats. Results showed that AMPT and PCPA reduced, but did not fully attenuate, the ketamine-induced locomotor activity of preweanling rats and female adolescent rats. Ketamine (20 and 40 mg/kg) caused a minimal amount of locomotor activity in male adolescent rats, and this effect was not significantly modified by AMPT or PCPA pretreatment. When compared to ketamine, d- amphetamine and cocaine produced different patterns of locomotor activity across ontogeny; moreover, AMPT and PCPA pretreatment affected psychostimulant- and ketamine-induced locomotion differently. When these results are considered together, it appears that both dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms mediate the ketamine-induced locomotor activity of preweanling and female adolescent rats. The dichotomous actions of ketamine relative to the psychostimulants in vehicle-, AMPT-, and PCPA-treated rats, suggests that ketamine modulates DA and 5-HT neurotransmission through an indirect mechanism.
- Published
- 2020
41. Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibition in Substantia Nigra Decreases Movement Frequency
- Author
-
Tamara R McInnis, Mark A. Cantu, Deana M. Apple, Michael F. Salvatore, and Brandon S. Pruett
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Catheters ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Dopamine ,Movement ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Substantia nigra ,Striatum ,Nucleus accumbens ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,AMPT ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Rats, Inbred BN ,medicine ,Animals ,Saline ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,nervous system diseases ,Ventral tegmental area ,Substantia Nigra ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Locomotion ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Reduced movement frequency or physical activity (bradykinesia) occurs with high prevalence in the elderly. However, loss of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in aging humans, non-human primates, or rodents does not reach the ~80% loss threshold associated with bradykinesia onset in Parkinson’s disease. Moderate striatal dopamine (DA) loss, either following TH inhibition or decreased TH expression, may not affect movement frequency. In contrast, moderate DA or TH loss in the substantia nigra (SN), as occurs in aging, is of similar magnitude (~40%) to nigral TH loss at bradykinesia onset in Parkinson’s disease. In aged rats, increased TH expression and DA in SN alone increases movement frequency, suggesting aging- related TH and DA loss in the SN contributes to aging-related bradykinesia or decreased physical activity. To test this hypothesis, the SN was targeted with bilateral guide cannula in young (6 months old) rats, in a within-subjects design, to evaluate the impact of nigral TH inhibition on movement frequency and speed. The TH inhibitor, α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) reduced nigral DA (~40%) 45–150 min following infusion, without affecting DA in striatum, nucleus accumbens, or adjacent ventral tegmental area. Locomotor activity in the open-field was recorded up to 3 hours following nigral saline or AMPT infusion in each test subject. During the period of nigra-specific DA reduction, movement frequency, but not movement speed, was significantly decreased. These results indicate that DA or TH loss in the SN, as observed in aging, contributes as a central mechanism of reduced movement frequency.
- Published
- 2018
42. Prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume of pretreatment
- Author
-
Soma, Kumasaka, Takahito, Nakajima, Yukiko, Arisaka, Azusa, Tokue, Arifudin, Achmad, Yasuhiro, Fukushima, Kimihiro, Shimizu, Kyoichi, Kaira, Tetsuya, Higuchi, and Yoshito, Tsushima
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Fluorine Radioisotopes ,Lung Neoplasms ,Metabolic tumor volume ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Survival Analysis ,18F-FAMT PET/CT ,Tumor Burden ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,PET ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Humans ,Female ,Lung cancer ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Retrospective Studies ,Research Article - Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) metabolic parameters—namely metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and total lesion retention (TLR)—on fluorine-18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and L- [3-18F]-α-methyltyrosine (18F-FAMT) PET/CT in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The study group comprised 112 NSCLC patients who underwent 18F-FDG and 18F-FAMT PET/CT prior to any therapy. The MTV, TLG, TLR, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumors were determined. Automatic MTV measurement was performed using PET volume computer assisted reading software. (GE Healthcare). Cox proportional hazards models were built to assess the prognostic value of MTV, TLG (for 18F-FDG), TLR (for 18F-FAMT), SUVmax, T stage, N stage, M stage, clinical stage, age, sex, tumor histological subtype, and treatment method (surgery or other therapy) on overall survival (OS). Results Higher TNM, higher clinical stage, inoperable status, and higher values for all PET parameters (both 18F-FAMT and 18F-FDG PET) were significantly associated (P
- Published
- 2018
43. Efficacy and safety of metyrosine in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: a multi-center trial in Japan
- Author
-
Masanobu Yamada, Takuyuki Katabami, Masatoshi Nomura, Mika Tsuiki, Kazuhiro Takekoshi, Fumitoshi Satoh, Akiyo Tanabe, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Tadashi Matsuda, Mitsuhide Naruse, Tomohiro Harada, Nobuyuki Kawata, Takahiro Okamoto, Tsuneo Imai, and Tomoaki Tanaka
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Anemia ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Sedation ,Urinary system ,Metyrosine ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Pheochromocytoma ,Normetanephrine ,Paraganglioma ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Japan ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,Humans ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Child ,Metanephrine ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Treatment Outcome ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
To assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of metyrosine (an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis) in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL), we conducted a prospective, multi-center, open-label study at 11 sites in Japan. We recruited PPGL patients aged ≥12 years requiring preoperative or chronic treatment, receiving α-blocker treatment, having baseline urinary metanephrine (uMN) or normetanephrine (uNMN) levels ≥3 times the upper limit of normal values, and having symptoms associated with excess catecholamine. Metyrosine treatment was started at 500 mg/day and modified according to dose-adjustment criteria up to 4,000 mg/day. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients who achieved at least 50% reduction in uMN or uNMN levels from baseline. Sixteen patients (11 males/5 females) aged 12-86 years participated. After 12 weeks of treatment and at the last evaluation of efficacy, the primary endpoint was achieved in 31.3% of all patients, including 66.7% of those under preoperative treatment and 23.1% of those under chronic treatment. Sedation, anemia, and death were reported in 1 patient each as serious adverse drug reactions during the 24-week treatment. Metyrosine was shown to be tolerated and to relieve symptoms by reducing excess catecholamine in PPGL patients under both preoperative and chronic treatment.
- Published
- 2018
44. Dopamine Transporter Knockdown Mice in the Behavioral Pattern Monitor: A Robust, Reproducible Model for Mania-Relevant Behaviors
- Author
-
Catherine A. Sugar, Jared W. Young, Gerhard Hellemann, William Perry, Zackary A. Cope, Molly A. Kwiatkowski, Mark A. Geyer, and Arpi Minassian
- Subjects
Bipolar Disorder ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Quinolones ,Toxicology ,Inbred C57BL ,Biochemistry ,Cohort Studies ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Behavioral syndrome ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antimanic Agents ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Gene knockdown ,Rodent ,biology ,Behavior, Animal ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Reproducibility ,Mental Health ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Dopamine Agonists ,Exploration ,medicine.symptom ,Mania ,Locomotion ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Thiophenes ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Animals ,In patient ,Bipolar disorder ,Biological Psychiatry ,Dopamine transporter ,Pharmacology ,Behavior ,Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Animal ,Valproic Acid ,Neurosciences ,Behavioral pattern ,Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.disease ,Hyperactivity ,030227 psychiatry ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Meta-analysis ,Disease Models, Animal ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Disease Models ,biology.protein ,Exploratory Behavior ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Efforts to replicate results from both basic and clinical models have highlighted problems with reproducibility in science. In psychiatry, reproducibility issues are compounded because the complex behavioral syndromes make many disorders challenging to model. We develop translatable tasks that quantitatively measure psychiatry-relevant behaviors across species. The behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) was designed to analyze exploratory behaviors, which are altered in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), especially during mania episodes. We have repeatedly assessed the behavioral effects of reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) expression in the BPM using a DAT knockdown (KD) mouse line (~10% normal expression). DAT KD mice exhibit a profile in the BPM consistent with acutely manic BD patients in the human version of the task-hyperactivity, increased exploratory behavior, and reduced spatial d (Perry et al., 2009). We collected data from multiple DAT KD BPM experiments in our laboratory to assess the reproducibility of behavioral outcomes across experiments. The four outcomes analyzed were: 1) transitions (amount of locomotor activity); 2) rearings (exploratory activity); 3) holepokes (exploratory activity); and 4) spatial d (geometrical pattern of locomotor activity). By comparing DAT KD mice to wildtype (WT) littermates in every experiment, we calculated effect sizes for each of the four outcomes and then calculated a mean effect size using a random effects model. DAT KD mice exhibited robust, reproducible changes in each of the four outcomes, including increased transitions, rearings, and holepokes, and reduced spatial d, vs. WT littermates. Our results demonstrate that the DAT KD mouse line in the BPM is a consistent, reproducible model of mania-relevant behaviors. More work must be done to assess reproducibility of behavioral outcomes across experiments in order to advance the field of psychiatry and develop more effective therapeutics for patients.
- Published
- 2017
45. Comparing the Air Medical Prehospital Triage Score With Current Practice for Triage of Injured Patients to Helicopter Emergency Medical Services: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis
- Author
-
Joshua B. Brown, Matthew R. Rosengart, Jason L. Sperry, Mark L. Gestring, Kenneth J. Smith, Joel S. Weissman, Andrew B. Peitzman, and Timothy R. Billiar
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aircraft ,Databases, Factual ,Cost effectiveness ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Poison control ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,medicine ,Emergency medical services ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Original Investigation ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Cost-effectiveness analysis ,Air Ambulances ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Triage ,Markov Chains ,Quality-adjusted life year ,Hospitalization ,Survival Rate ,Emergency medicine ,Wounds and Injuries ,Surgery ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Medical emergency ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,business - Abstract
Importance Little evidence exists to guide helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) triage, and current practice is inefficient. The Air Medical Prehospital Triage (AMPT) score was developed to identify patients most likely to benefit from HEMS compared with ground EMS. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the potential effect on costs and outcomes of a more targeted HEMS triage strategy, such as the AMPT score. Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of current practice compared with the AMPT score for HEMS scene triage of trauma patients. Design, Setting, and Participants A cost-effectiveness Markov model was developed for the US health care system to compare current practice with the AMPT score as HEMS scene triage strategies from the health care system perspective over a patient lifetime horizon. A base case was estimated using national data of patient characteristics from the National Trauma Databank from 2007 to 2012. Model inputs, including demographic information, health care costs, survival, and utility estimates, were derived from literature and national registries. Triage strategies were modeled as probability of HEMS transport. Multilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate survival probability between HEMS and ground EMS under the triage strategies. Costs considered included transport reimbursements, hospitalization, cost of health care in the first year postinjury, and annual cost of health care after the first year postinjury. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate robustness of model assumptions. Main Outcomes and Measures Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, with a threshold of $100 000 or less per quality-adjusted life-year defining cost-effectiveness. Results The base case had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $255 333 per quality-adjusted life-year for current practice compared with the AMPT score. Assuming 20% of patients have severe injuries and assuming HEMS only benefits these patients, current practice had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $176 686 per quality-adjusted life-year. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that current practice is inferior in 85% of iterations, only becoming favored when the cost-effectiveness threshold is greater than $310 000 per quality-adjusted life-year. Conclusions and Relevance Current practice is not cost-effective compared with the AMPT score for HEMS scene triage. The AMPT score was the preferred strategy across a range of model input values in sensitivity analyses. The AMPT score identifies patients most likely to benefit from HEMS while potentially reducing costs to the health care system and should be considered in air medical transport protocols for trauma patients.
- Published
- 2017
46. Wirkung von Alphamethyltyrosin auf das Lernverhalten und die HippocampusaktivitÄt.
- Author
-
Becker-Carus, Ch., Kimball, S., Gillich, U., and Matussek, N.
- Abstract
A chain of conditioned behavior patterns including a response to a discrimination task (tone-no tone), was established in rats with a positive reinforcement (food) being given at the end. A pseudoconditioning group was run as a control. Half of each group was injected with 50 mg/kg AMT per day, beginning on the 23rd day and a fifth (learning) in group beginning on the first day. During all sessions the EEG was recorded by means of implanted electrodes. The results showed that slow hippocampal rhythm (SHR) was present at the beginning of learning both in conditioning and pseudoconditioning groups. Only in the first group, where the tone became a releaser, was a SHR burst elicited with the CS (tone). As the behavior became automatic the SHR vanished. In all groups injected with AMT, there was always more synchronized SHR-activity. Learning under AMT-injection resulted in more correct lever pressing during tone and fewer pressings during the no-tone situation. No diminution in retention (of correct lever pressing) under AMT was seen, but non-reinforced pressing (false reactions) during the no-tone period increased, resembling vacuum activity in innate behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Preoperative Metyrosine Improves Cardiovascular Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- Author
-
Edward H. Kennedy, Debbie L. Cohen, Robert E. Roses, Edmund K. Bartlett, Douglas L. Fraker, Salman Zaheer, Lauren Fishbein, and Heather Wachtel
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Metyrosine ,Hemodynamics ,Pheochromocytoma ,Preoperative care ,Paraganglioma ,Preoperative Care ,Humans ,Medicine ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Neoplasm Staging ,Retrospective Studies ,Univariate analysis ,business.industry ,Adrenalectomy ,Retrospective cohort study ,Perioperative ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Surgery ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Blood pressure ,Oncology ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
The goal of preoperative pharmacotherapy for pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) resection is to minimize intraoperative hemodynamic instability and perioperative cardiovascular complications, but no standard preoperative regimen exists. Historically, treatment used metyrosine and phenoxybenzamine (MP). The recent metyrosine shortage required that phenoxybenzamine alone (PA) be used for treatment. The authors examined their experience to determine the impact of preoperative metyrosine treatment on patient outcomes. A retrospective cohort study investigated patients who underwent initial PCC/PGL resection (2000–2014). The primary outcome was intraoperative hemodynamics, measured by heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). The secondary outcomes included perioperative complications and cardiovascular-specific complications (CVC). Univariate analysis was performed, and adjusted risk differences were estimated after confounding was taken into account. Of 174 patients, 142 (81.6 %) were in the MP group. The MP and PA patients had comparable intraoperative use of antihypertensives (83.9 vs 78.1 %; p = 0.443), vasopressors (74.6 vs 87.5 %; p = 0.120), and fluid resuscitation (mean, 24.4 vs 24.8 ml/min; p = 0.761). Although the perioperative complication rate did not differ significantly between the MP and PA groups (respectively 23.4 vs 34.4 %; p = 0.198), the PA patients had a 15.8 % higher rate of CVC even after controlling for confounders (p = 0.034). Compared with the MP patients, the PA patients had significantly more hemodynamic instability intraoperatively, with a greater range in HR (7.4 bpm; p = 0.034) and SBP (14.8 mmHg; p = 0.020). In this study, preoperative metyrosine improved intraoperative hemodynamic stability and decreased CVC rates in patients undergoing PCC/PGLresection. These data suggest that the addition of preoperative metyrosine may improve operative outcomes.
- Published
- 2015
48. Failure of metyrosine therapy for preoperative management of pheochromocytoma: a case report
- Author
-
Benjamin Schelew, André S. Pollmann, and Kabilan Thanapaalasingham
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Phenoxybenzamine ,Metyrosine ,Pheochromocytoma ,Preoperative care ,Catecholamines ,Anesthesiology ,Preoperative Care ,Humans ,Medicine ,Treatment Failure ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibitor ,Intraoperative Complications ,Phentolamine ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Pheos ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Anesthesia ,Hypertension ,Alpha-Methyltyrosine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PHEOS) are rare catecholamine-secreting adrenal tumours requiring surgical resection. Preoperative alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade to prevent intraoperative hypertension has traditionally been achieved with phenoxybenzamine. Due to changes in the availability of phenoxybenzamine in Canada, alternate therapies are needed for patients. We report our first experience using metyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, for preoperative management in a symptomatic patient with a unilateral PHEO.A 50-yr-old male was referred to our centre with a history of symptoms suggestive of a catecholamine-secreting PHEO, including tachycardia, diaphoresis, nervousness, and tremor. Computerized tomography revealed a right adrenal mass, and additional positive imaging and elevated urine epinephrine levels supported a diagnosis of PHEO. The patient was admitted to hospital five days prior to surgery, and metyrosine therapy was initiated and titrated to 4 g daily over four days. Despite adequate blood pressure (BP) control leading up to the resection, the initial BP reading in the operating room was 191/106 mmHg, but it subsequently declined and was well controlled during induction (100-110 mmHg systolic BP). Significant hypertension (up to 201/110 mmHg) developed upon tumour manipulation and resolved with phentolamine administration and surgical isolation of the tumour. The patient's BP remained stable throughout the residual part of the procedure and in the recovery room and step-down unit.In the case of this patient's PHEO, the use of metyrosine was unsatisfactory in achieving sufficient inhibition of catecholamine synthesis as evidenced by significant intraoperative hypertension. Metyrosine could have a role in preoperative management of these patients, but it may not be optimal as monotherapy for some patients with actively secreting tumours.
- Published
- 2015
49. Behavioral Responses to Catecholamine Depletion in Unmedicated, Remitted Subjects with Bulimia Nervosa and Healthy Subjects
- Author
-
Lara Gamper, Gabriella Milos, Jair Stern, Ulrich Schnyder, Hanspeter Moergeli, Gregor Hasler, Simona Grob, University of Zurich, and Grob, Simona
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,610 Medicine & health ,Placebo ,Young Adult ,AMPT ,Norepinephrine ,Catecholamines ,Double-Blind Method ,Dopamine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Bulimia Nervosa ,Biological Psychiatry ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Catecholaminergic ,Cross-Over Studies ,Bulimia nervosa ,medicine.disease ,Pathophysiology ,Prolactin ,10057 Klinik für Konsiliarpsychiatrie und Psychosomatik ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Endocrinology ,Catecholamine ,Female ,Psychology ,2803 Biological Psychiatry ,Central Nervous System Agents ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Bulimia nervosa (BN) has been associated with dysregulation of the central catecholaminergic system. An instructive way to investigate the relationship between catecholaminergic function and psychiatric disorder has involved behavioral responses to experimental catecholamine depletion (CD). The purpose of this study was to examine a possible catecholaminergic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of bulimia nervosa.CD was achieved by oral administration of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) in 18 remitted female subjects with BN (rBN) and 31 healthy female control subjects. The study design consisted of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover, single-site experimental trial. The main outcome measures were bulimic symptoms assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Measures were assessed before and 26, 30, 54, 78, 102 hours after the first AMPT or placebo administration.In the experimental environment (controlled environment with a low level of food cues) rBN subjects had a greater increase in eating disorder symptoms during CD compared with healthy control subjects (condition × diagnosis interaction, p.05). In the experimental environment, rBN subjects experienced fewer bulimic symptoms than in the natural environment (uncontrolled environment concerning food cues) 36 hours after the first AMPT intake (environment × diagnosis interaction, p.05). Serum prolactin levels increased significantly, and to a comparable degree across groups, after AMPT administration.This study suggests that rBN is associated with vulnerability for developing eating disorder symptoms in response to reduced catecholamine neurotransmission after CD. The findings support the notion of catecholaminergic dysfunction as a possible trait abnormality in BN.
- Published
- 2015
50. VEGF-induced antidepressant effects involve modulation of norepinephrine and serotonin systems
- Author
-
Hiroyuki Sugiyama, Hiroshi Udo, Mitsuhiro Furuse, and Kousuke Hamasu
- Subjects
Male ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,Serotonin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Mice, Transgenic ,Tryptophan Hydroxylase ,Pharmacology ,Mice ,Norepinephrine ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Dopamine ,Internal medicine ,Monoaminergic ,medicine ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Swimming ,Neurons ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Depression ,Chemistry ,Fenclonine ,Brain ,Tryptophan hydroxylase ,Receptors, Adrenergic ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,alpha-Methyltyrosine ,Endocrinology ,Monoamine neurotransmitter ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Receptors, Serotonin ,Catecholamine ,Antidepressant ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Throughout life, we are exposed to a variety of stresses, which may be inevitable and noxious sometimes. During evolution, animals must have acquired some physiological means to counteract stress. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic and neurogenic factor, which has been shown to elicit antidepressant-like effects in response to different external stimuli, potentially functioning as an anti-stress molecule. However, it remains largely unknown how VEGF modulates mood-related behaviors. To investigate molecular correlates, we analyzed monoaminergic systems of VEGF transgenic mice that display antidepressant-like behavior. Immunostaining showed that overall morphologies of monoaminergic nuclei and their processes were normal. However, we found imbalances in brain monoamine contents, in which the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin, but not dopamine, were decreased exclusively in the regions where VEGF was expressed. The turnover of norepinephrine showed a marked increase and serotonin turnover showed a modest reduction, whereas dopamine turnover was not affected. The protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzymes of catecholamine and serotonin synthesis, remained constant. The mRNA levels of monoamine receptors were generally similar but adrenergic receptors of ADRα1A and ADRβ1 were down-regulated. Behavioral tests showed that serotonin- or norepinephrine-selective antidepressant drugs failed to additively enhance antidepressant-like behaviors, whereas monoamine depleting drugs attenuated VEGF-mediated antidepressant-like effect. These data suggest that VEGF-induced antidepressant-like effects involve modulation of norepinephrine and serotonin systems.
- Published
- 2014
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.