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1. Use of strips of rapid diagnostic tests as a source of ribonucleic acid for genomic surveillance of viruses: an example of SARS-CoV-2

Author

Alpha Kabiné Keita, Aminata Mbaye, Abdoul Karim Soumah, Kadio Jean Jacques Olivier Kadio, Haby Diallo, Thibaut Armel Chérif Gnimadi, Joel Balla Koivogui, Moriba Kowa Povogui, Jean Louis Monemou, Baba Traore, Nicole Vidal, Emilande Guichet, Ahidjo Ayouba, Eric Delaporte, Martine Peeters, Abdoulaye Toure, Alpha Kabinet Keita, and AFROSCREEN Team

Subjects
COVID-19 RDT, Molecular diagnostics, Genomic surveillance, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background This study aimed to demonstrate that the genomic material of SARS-CoV-2 can be isolated from strips of COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test cassettes. Method It was a prospective cross-sectional study involving patients admitted to treatment centers and sampling sites in the city of Conakry, Guinea. A total of 121 patients were double sampled, and 9 more patients were tested only for RDT. PCR was conducted according to the protocol of the RunMei kit. Sequencing was performed by using the illumina COVIDSeq protocol. Nine COVID-19 RDTs without nasopharyngeal swabs were in addition tested. Result Among the 130 COVID-19 RDTs, forty-seven were macroscopically positive, whereas seventy-two were positive according to PCR using RDT strip, while among the 121 VTM swabs, sixty-four were positive. Among eighty-three negative COVID-19 RDTs, twenty-seven were positive by PCR using RDT strip with a geometric mean Ct value of 32.49 cycles. Compared to those of PCR using VTM, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR using RDT strip were estimated to be 100% and 85.96%, respectively, with 93.39% test accuracy. Among the fifteen COVID-19 RDT extracts eligible for sequencing, eleven had sequences identical to those obtained via the standard method, with coverage between 75 and 99.6%. Conclusion These results show that COVID-19 RDTs can be used as biological material for the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2024
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2. Extensive Survey and Analysis of Factors Associated with Presence of Antibodies to Orthoebolaviruses in Bats from West and Central Africa

Author

Martine Peeters, Maëliss Champagne, Innocent Ndong Bass, Souana Goumou, Simon-Pierre Ndimbo Kumugo, Audrey Lacroix, Amandine Esteban, Dowbiss Meta Djomsi, Abdoul Karim Soumah, Placide Mbala Kingebeni, Flaubert Auguste Mba Djonzo, Guy Lempu, Guillaume Thaurignac, Eitel Mpoudi Ngole, Charles Kouanfack, Daniel Mukadi Bamuleka, Jacques Likofata, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Helene De Nys, Julien Capelle, Abdoulaye Toure, Eric Delaporte, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Steve Ahuka Mundeke, and Ahidjo Ayouba

Subjects
Ebola, Africa, bats, virus, antibody, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The seroprevalence to orthoebolaviruses was studied in 9594 bats (5972 frugivorous and 3622 insectivorous) from Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Guinea, with a Luminex-based serological assay including recombinant antigens of four orthoebolavirus species. Seroprevalence is expressed as a range according to different cut-off calculations. Between 6.1% and 18.9% bat samples reacted with at least one orthoebolavirus antigen; the highest reactivity was seen with Glycoprotein (GP) antigens. Seroprevalence varied per species and was higher in frugivorous than insectivorous bats; 9.1–27.5% versus 1.3–4.6%, respectively. Seroprevalence in male (13.5%) and female (14.4%) bats was only slightly different and was higher in adults (14.9%) versus juveniles (9.4%) (p < 0.001). Moreover, seroprevalence was highest in subadults (45.4%) when compared to mature adults (19.2%), (p < 0.001). Our data suggest orthoebolavirus circulation is highest in young bats. More long-term studies are needed to identify birthing pulses for the different bat species in diverse geographic regions and to increase the chances of detecting viral RNA in order to document the genetic diversity of filoviruses in bats and their pathogenic potential for humans. Frugivorous bats seem more likely to be reservoirs of orthoebolaviruses, but the role of insectivorous bats has also to be further examined.

Published
2023
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3. Temporal evolution of the humoral antibody response after Ebola virus disease in Guinea: a 60-month observational prospective cohort study

Author

Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo, MSc, Ahidjo Ayouba, PhD, Alpha Kabinet Keita, PhD, Guillaume Thaurignac, MSc, Mamadou Saliou Sow, MD, Cécé Kpamou, MSc, Thierno Alimou Barry, MD, Philippe Msellati, PhD, Jean-François Etard, PhD, Martine Peeters, PhD, René Ecochard, ProfPhD, Eric Delaporte, ProfPhD, Abdoulaye Toure, PhD, Ahidjo Ayouba, Sylvain Baize, Kaba Bangoura, Alimou Barry, Moumié Barry, Mamoudou Cissé, Mohammed Cissé, Eric Delaporte, Jean-François Delfraissy, Christelle Delmas, Alice Desclaux, Saliou Bella Diallo, Mamadou Safiatou Diallo, Mariama Sadjo Diallo, Jean-François Étard, Cécile Etienne, Ousmane Faye, Ibrahima Fofana, Bruno Granouillac, Suzanne Izard, Djenaba Kassé, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Sakoba Keita, Lamine Koivogui, Cécé Kpamou, Christine Lacarabaratz, Sandrine Leroy, Claire Levy Marchal, Yves Levy, N'Fally Magassouba, Laura March, Vincent Mendiboure, Philippe Msellati, Harissatou Niane, Martine Peeters, Yves-Marie Pers, Hervé Raoul, Sidi Lamine Sacko, Ibrahima Savané, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Bernard Taverne, Abdoulaye Touré, Fodé Amara Traoré, Falaye Traoré, Yamoussa Youla, and Yazdan Yazdanpanah

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Summary: Background: Insufficient long-term data are available on antibody kinetics in survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Likewise, few studies, with very small sample sizes, have investigated cross-reactions between Ebolavirus spp. In this study, we aimed to assess the humoral antibody response and its determinants in survivors of EVD and assess cross-reactivity of antibodies between diverse Ebolavirus spp. Methods: In this observational, prospective cohort study, we collected blood samples from patients from three recruitment sites in Guinea included in the Postebogui study, and we assessed IgG antibody binding to recombinant glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and 40-kDa viral protein (VP40) of Zaire (EBOV), Bundibugyo (BDBV), and Sudan (SUDV) Ebolaviruses. Participants from the PostEbogui study, from whom we had at least one blood sample that could be tested for the presence of antibodies, were eligible for this analysis. Patients in the PostEbogui study were assessed clinically at inclusion, 1 month and 3 months later, and subsequently every 6 months for up to 60 months after discharge from the Ebola treatment centre. We explored predictors of glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and VP40 antibody concentrations through a linear mixed model. A logistic mixed model was done to estimate the probability of seropositivity and associated determinants. We assessed cross-reactivity by use of hierarchical cluster analysis. Findings: Of the 802 patients included in the Postebogui study, 687 were included in our analyses. 310 (45%) patients were men and 377 (55%) were women, with an overall median age at the time of the first blood sample of 27·3 years (IQR 19·5–38·2). We observed an overall significant decrease over time of EBOV antibodies, with antibodies against nucleoproteins decreasing more rapidly. At 60 months after discharge from the Ebola treatment centre, the probability of having antibodies against glycoproteins was 76·2% (95% CI 67·2–83·3), against nucleoproteins was 59·4% (46·3–71·3), and against VP40 was 60·9% (51·4–69·8). Persistence of EBOV RNA in semen was associated with higher concentrations of IgG antibodies against nucleoprotein EBOV antigens. Individually, we observed in some survivors an antibody wax-and-wane pattern. The proportion of cross-reactions was highest between glycoproteins from Kissidougou and Mayinga EBOV strains (94·5%, 95% CI 92·5–96·1), followed by EBOV VP40 and BDBV VP40 (88·3%, 85·7–90·6), and EBOV VP40 and SUDV VP40 (83·3%, 80·3–86·1). Interpretation: The probability for survivors of EVD to have antibodies against one or more EBOV antigens remained high, although approximately 25% of survivors had undetectable antibodies, which could have implications, such as a possible decreasing population immunity, for future Ebola outbreaks in the same region. Funding: Reacting–Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, and Montpellier Université d'Excellence.

Published
2021
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4. Long-lasting severe immune dysfunction in Ebola virus disease survivors

Author

Aurélie Wiedemann, Emile Foucat, Hakim Hocini, Cécile Lefebvre, Boris P. Hejblum, Mélany Durand, Miriam Krüger, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Ahidjo Ayouba, Stéphane Mély, José-Carlos Fernandez, Abdoulaye Touré, Slim Fourati, Claire Lévy-Marchal, Hervé Raoul, Eric Delaporte, Lamine Koivogui, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Christine Lacabaratz, Yves Lévy, and PostEboGui Study Group

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Patients who have recovered from Ebola virus can have ongoing health problems. Here, the authors show that 35 Guinean survivors of the last West African Ebola epidemic have a chronic disease with high inflammatory cytokine expression and other markers of immune activation as well as evidence of intestinal tissue damage nearly two years after their release from hospital.

Published
2020
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5. Coronaviruses Are Abundant and Genetically Diverse in West and Central African Bats, including Viruses Closely Related to Human Coronaviruses

Author

Dowbiss Meta Djomsi, Audrey Lacroix, Abdoul Karim Soumah, Eddy Kinganda Lusamaki, Asma Mesdour, Raisa Raulino, Amandine Esteban, Innocent Ndong Bass, Flaubert Auguste Mba Djonzo, Souana Goumou, Simon Pierre Ndimbo-Kimugu, Guy Lempu, Placide Mbala Kingebeni, Daniel Mukadi Bamuleka, Jacques Likofata, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Abdoulaye Toure, Eitel Mpoudi Ngole, Charles Kouanfack, Eric Delaporte, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Ahidjo Ayouba, and Martine Peeters

Subjects
bat, coronavirus, Africa, diversity, Sarbecovirus, Rhinolophus, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Bats are at the origin of human coronaviruses, either directly or via an intermediate host. We tested swabs from 4597 bats (897 from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 2191 from Cameroon and 1509 from Guinea) with a broadly reactive PCR in the RdRp region. Coronaviruses were detected in 903 (19.6%) bats and in all species, with more than 25 individuals tested. The highest prevalence was observed in Eidolon helvum (239/733; 39.9%) and Rhinolophus sp. (306/899; 34.1%), followed by Hipposideros sp. (61/291; 20.9%). Frugivorous bats were predominantly infected with beta coronaviruses from the Nobecovirus subgenus (93.8%), in which at least 6 species/genus-specific subclades were observed. In contrast, insectivorous bats were infected with beta-coronaviruses from different subgenera (Nobecovirus (8.5%), Hibecovirus (32.8%), Merbecovirus (0.5%) and Sarbecovirus (57.6%)) and with a high diversity of alpha-coronaviruses. Overall, our study shows a high prevalence and genetic diversity of coronaviruses in bats and illustrates that Rhinolophus bats in Africa are infected at high levels with the Sarbecovirus subgenus, to which SARS-CoV-2 belongs. It is important to characterize in more detail the different coronavirus lineages from bats for their potential to infect human cells, their evolution and to study frequency and modes of contact between humans and bats in Africa.

Published
2023
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6. Unrecognized Ebola virus infection in Guinea: complexity of surveillance in a health crisis situation: case report

Author

Ibrahima Camara, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Abdoulaye Touré, Bakary Oularé, Elhadj Ibrahima Bah, Salifou Talassone Bangoura, Alioune Camara, and Alpha Kabinet Keita

Subjects
ebola, case report, guinea, Medicine
Abstract

The Ebola epidemic that raged in West Africa between 2013 and 2016 was the largest since the discovery of the virus in 1976. During this epidemic, more than 11,000 cases were notified with a lethality of over 67%. Several means of transmission have been described. The great difficulty noted during the epidemic was the estimation of the number of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic cases, however there is evidence that this population has been in contact with the virus for some time. Thus, they could be a source for the spread of the epidemic. In this paper, we report in Guinea-Conakry three stories of probable pauci-symptomatic form of ebola disease that would have been the cause of massive infection in a population sorely tried by the epidemic between 2014 and 2015 in Guinea.

Published
2020
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7. Outsmarting Ebola through stronger national health systems

Author

Obidimma Ezezika and Alpha Kabinet Keita

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The current outbreak occurring in the Congo highlights the continuous challenge that the continent of Africa faces with Ebola outbreaks. Since the first recorded Ebola outbreak occurred simultaneously in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and in Sudan in 1976, there have been 27 recorded outbreaks in Africa by country with the most severe occurring in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in 2014. In this Letter to the Editor, we argue that the best way to outsmart such a pathogen in Africa is through investments in stronger national health systems. Keywords: Health system, Ebola, Infectious disease

Published
2020
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8. High prevalence of Tropheryma whipplei in Lao kindergarten children.

Author

Alpha Kabinet Keita, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Koukeo Phommasone, Bountoy Sibounheuang, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Mayfong Mayxay, Didier Raoult, Paul N Newton, and Florence Fenollar

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Tropheryma whipplei is a bacterium commonly found in feces of young children in Africa, but with no data from Asia. We estimated the prevalence of T. whipplei carriage in feces of children in Lao PDR (Laos). METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Using specific quantitative real-time PCR, followed by genotyping for each positive specimen, we estimated the prevalence of T. whipplei in 113 feces from 106 children in Vientiane, the Lao PDR (Laos). T. whipplei was detected in 48% (51/106) of children. Those aged ≤ 4 years were significantly less frequently positive (17/52, 33%) than older children (34/54, 63%; p< 0.001). Positive samples were genotyped. Eight genotypes were detected including 7 specific to Laos. Genotype 2, previously detected in Europe, was circulating (21% of positive children) in 2 kindergartens (Chompet and Akad). Genotypes 136 and 138 were specific to Chompet (21% and 15.8%, respectively) whereas genotype 139 was specific to Akad (10.55%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:T. whipplei is a widely distributed bacterium, highly prevalent in feces of healthy children in Laos. Further research is needed to identify the public health significance of this finding.

Published
2015
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9. Molecular evidence for the presence of Rickettsia Felis in the feces of wild-living African apes.

Author

Alpha Kabinet Keita, Cristina Socolovschi, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Pavel Ratmanov, Christelle Butel, Ahidjo Ayouba, Bila-Isia Inogwabini, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole, Eric Delaporte, Martine Peeters, Florence Fenollar, and Didier Raoult

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Rickettsia felis is a common emerging pathogen detected in mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that, as with malaria, great apes may be exposed to the infectious bite of infected mosquitoes and release R. felis DNA in their feces.We conducted a study of 17 forest sites in Central Africa, testing 1,028 fecal samples from 313 chimpanzees, 430 gorillas and 285 bonobos. The presence of rickettsial DNA was investigated by specific quantitative real-time PCR. Positive results were confirmed by a second PCR using primers and a probe targeting a specific gene for R. felis. All positive samples were sequenced.Overall, 113 samples (11%) were positive for the Rickettsia-specific gltA gene, including 25 (22%) that were positive for R. felis. The citrate synthase (gltA) sequence and outer membrane protein A (ompA) sequence analysis indicated 99% identity at the nucleotide level to R. felis. The 88 other samples (78%) were negative using R. felis-specific qPCR and were compatible with R. felis-like organisms.For the first time, we detected R. felis in wild-living ape feces. This non invasive detection of human pathogens in endangered species opens up new possibilities in the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary analysis of infectious diseases, beside HIV and malaria.

Published
2013
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10. Tropheryma whipplei: a common bacterium in rural Senegal.

Author

Alpha Kabinet Keita, Hubert Bassene, Adama Tall, Cheikh Sokhna, Pavel Ratmanov, Jean-François Trape, Didier Raoult, and Florence Fenollar

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tropheryma whipplei is known as the cause of Whipple's disease, but it is also an emerging pathogen, detected in stool, that causes various chronic localized infections without histological digestive involvement and is associated with acute infections, including gastroenteritis and bacteremia. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a study in 2008 and 2009 using 497 non-diarrheic and diarrheic stool samples, 370 saliva samples, 454 sera samples and 105 samples obtained from water samples in two rural Sine-Saloum villages (Dielmo and Ndiop) in Senegal. The presence of T. whipplei was investigated by using specific quantitative PCR. Genotyping was performed on positive samples. A serological analysis by western blotting was performed to determine the seroprevalence and to detect seroconversion. Overall, T. whipplei was identified in 31.2% of the stool samples (139/446) and 3.5% of the saliva samples (13/370) obtained from healthy subjects. The carriage in the stool specimens was significantly (p

Published
2011
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11. Analyse comparative des initiatives One Health en Guinée et en République Démocratique du Congo : Un appel à l’opérationnalisation/ Comparative analysis of One Health initiatives in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo: A call for operationalization

Author

Stéphanie Maltais, Salifou Talassone Bangoura, Rolly Nzau Paku, Marlène Metena Mambote, Castro Hounmenou, Simon Rüegg, Justin Mulumbu Masumu, Rodrigue Deuboué Tchialeu, Sheila Makiala, Abdoulaye Touré, Alioune Camara, Alpha-Kabinet Keita, and Sanni Yaya

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

La Guinée et la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) sont deux pays confrontés à des maladies zoonotiques (ré)émergentes, lesquelles représentent de graves menaces pour la santé publique et pour l’économie. Cela renforce l’importance de mettre l'accent sur les approches interdisciplinaires pour la prévention, la détection et l’atténuation des maladies infectieuses afin de mettre en place des systèmes de réponses adéquats. Dans les dernières années, des efforts ont été fournis dans les deux pays pour la conception, la mise en œuvre et la promotion de l’approche “Une Seule Santé” (One Health) qui offre des solutions à l’interface homme-animal-plante-écosystèmes. Cependant, dans ces pays, il n’existe pas une approche systémique “Une Seule Santé” qui soit réellement opérationnelle. Ainsi, cet article vise à faire une analyse comparative des initiatives « One Health » (OH) en Guinée et en RDC. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il existe un engagement fort de la part du gouvernement guinéen à signer un ordre conjoint de collaboration entre les trois départements clés, mais la coopération et la collaboration entre les différents secteurs et disciplines font défaut. En RDC, trois plateformes existent, mais leurs actions ne sont pas coordonnées, ce qui démontre les lacunes dans la vision globale que devrait avoir l’approche OH. Le défi majeur dans ces deux pays est d'adopter une approche holistique pour dépasser les structures et les paradigmes organisationnels et disciplinaires pour développer une véritable coopération entre tous les secteurs directement ou indirectement touchés par les maladies à potentiel épidémique. Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are two countries facing (re)emerging zoonotic diseases, which pose serious threats to public health and the economy. This reinforces the importance of emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches for the prevention, detection, and mitigation of infectious diseases to put in place adequate response systems. In recent years, efforts have been made in both countries for the design, implementation, and promotion of the “One Health” (OH) approach which offers solutions at the human-animal-animal-plant-ecosystems interface. However, in these countries, there is no operational OH systemic approach. Thus, this article aims to make a comparative analysis of the OH initiatives in Guinea and the DRC. Findings suggest there is a strong commitment on the part of the government of Guinea to sign a joint order of collaboration between the three key departments, but cooperation and collaboration between different sectors and disciplines is lacking. In the DRC, three platforms exist but are not coordinated, which shows gaps in the overall vision that OH should be in the country. The major challenge in these two countries is to adopt a holistic approach to go beyond organizational and disciplinary structures and paradigms to develop real coordination and cooperation between all the sectors directly or indirectly affected by diseases with epidemic potential.

Published
2022

12. Large Diffusion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 After the Successive Epidemiological Waves, Including Omicron, in Guinea and Cameroon: Implications for Vaccine Strategies

Author

Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo, Marie Amougou-Atsama, Ahidjo Ayouba, Cece Kpamou, Eric Donald Mimbe Taze, Guillaume Thaurignac, Haby Diallo, Nadine Boutgam Lamare, Julie Bouillin, Abdoul Karim Soumah, Sébastien Awono Noah, Emilande Guichet, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Marie Varloteaux, Martine Peeters, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek, Abdoulaye Toure, Eric Delaporte, and Charles Kouanfack

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Oncology
Abstract

Background We aimed to estimate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence among the general population in Conakry, Guinea and Yaounde, Cameroon after the coronavirus disease 2019 Omicron wave. Methods We conducted population-based, age-stratified seroprevalence surveys in Conakry and Yaounde (May and June 2022). We collected demographic and epidemiologic information and dried blood spot samples that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using recombinant nucleocapsid and spike proteins with Luminex technology. Results Samples were obtained from 1386 and 1425 participants in Guinea and Cameroon, respectively. The overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence against spike and nucleocapsid proteins was 71.57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.48%–75.33%) in Guinea and 74.71% (95% CI, 71.99%–77.25%) in Cameroon. Seroprevalence increased significantly with age categories. Female participants were more likely than male participants to be seropositive. The seroprevalence in unvaccinated participants was 69.6% (95% CI, 65.5%–73.41%) in Guinea and 74.8% (95% CI, 72.04%–77.38%) in Cameroon. In multivariate analysis, only age, sex, and education were independently associated with seropositivity. Conclusions These findings show a high community transmission after the different epidemiological waves including Omicron, especially among people aged >40 years. In addition, our results suggest that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been underestimated as a significant proportion of the population has already contracted the virus and that vaccine strategies should focus on vulnerable populations.

Published
2023

13. High and Rapid Increase in Seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 in Conakry, Guinea: Results From 3 Successive Cross-Sectional Surveys (ANRS COV16-ARIACOV)

Author

Abou Aissata Soumah, Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo, Emilande Guichet, David Maman, Guillaume Thaurignac, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Julie Bouillin, Haby Diallo, Raphael Pelloquin, Ahidjo Ayouba, Cece Kpamou, Martine Peeters, Eric Delaporte, Jean-Francois Etard, and Abdoulaye Toure

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Oncology
Abstract

We conducted 3 successive seroprevalence surveys, 3 months apart, using multistage cluster sampling to measure the extent and dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic in Conakry, the capital city of Guinea. Seroprevalence increased from 17.3% (95% CI, 12.4%–23.8%) in December 2020 during the first survey (S1) to 28.9% (95% CI, 25.6%–32.4%) in March/April 2021 (S2), then to 42.4% (95% CI, 39.5%–45.3%) in June 2021 (S3). This significant overall trend of increasing seroprevalence (P

Published
2022

14. Factors Associated with Virological Suppression of HIV Viral Load in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Conakry, Guinea

Author

Camara, Alimou, primary, Maladho Diallo, Penda, additional, Bobo Diallo, Mamadou, additional, Nioké, Talla, additional, Cissé, Adama, additional, Alpha Sylla, Mamadou, additional, Lamah, Gobounet, additional, Diakité, Mamady, additional, Sadio Bah, Amadou, additional, Bhoye Keita, Mamadou, additional, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Keita, additional, Condé, Mamoudou, additional, Kourouma, Kaba, additional, Camara, Robert, additional, Koita, Youssouf, additional, Fodé Bangaly, Magassouba, additional, Camara, Alioune, additional, and Touré, Abdoulaye, additional

Published
2022
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15. Self-medication against COVID-19 in health workers in Conakry, Guinea

Author

Abdoulaye Toure, Saidouba Cherif Camara, Alioune Camara, Mamoudou Conde, Alexandre Delamou, Ibrahima Camara, Salifou Talassone Bangoura, Alimou Camara, Mamadou Bobo Diallo, Mamadou Bhoye Keita, Kaba Kourouma, Robert Camara, Jean-François Etard, and Alpha-Kabinet Keita

Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Data regarding the prevalence and consequences of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa are very limited. The study aimed to explore the frequency and risk factors of self-medication against COVID-19 by health personnel in this study. This cross-sectional study took place in June 2021, in Conakry, in the all three national hospitals and the six community medical centers, and five primary health centers. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with self-medication. A total of 975 health workers with a median age of 31 (IQR: 27-40) years, with 504 (51.7%) women were included. The majority were clinicians: physicians (33.1%) or nurses (33.1%). Of all, 46.2% reported having had at least one COVID-19 symptom during the 12 months preceding the survey. The proportion of self-medication was 15.3% among national hospital staff, 12.20% in municipality medical centers and 22.6% in primary health centers (p=0.06). More than two-thirds (68.7%) who selfmedicated did not have a test for SARSCoV- 2 infection. They took antibiotics including azithromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin (42.2%), acetaminophen (37.4%), vitamin C (27.9%), hydroxychloroquine (23.8%) and medicinal plants (13.6%). The median duration of self-medication was 4 days. Fatigue or asthenia, sore throat, loss of smell and sore throat of a close person were independently associated with selfmedication. Health care workers largely practiced self-medication during the Covid pandemic and without diagnostic testing. The results suggest the need for training and sensitization of medical personnel to avoid the consequences of the molecules used, including hepatotoxicity and antibiotic resistance.

Published
2021

16. A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa

Author

Aida Elargoubi, John M. Morobe, Jiro Yasuda, Madisa Mine, Faustinos T. Takawira, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Amal Souissi, Hela Karray, Dominique Goedhals, Michael Owusu, Mitoha O. Ayekaba, Pascale Ondoa, Bryan Fulbert Nkengfack Tegomoh, Daniel G. Amoako, Mathabo Mareka, Sameh Trabelsi, Dorcas Maruapula, Magalutcheemee Ramuth, Danny S. Park, Bamidele Soji Oderinde, Maitshwarelo I. Matsheka, Robert A. Kingsley, Philippe Dussart, Matthew Cotten, Hesham A. Elgahzaly, Oyewale Tomori, Arash Iranzadeh, Nicksy Gumede, Marta Giovanetti, Folarin Onikepe, Omoruyi E. Chukwuma, Nnaemeka Ndodo, Mba Nwando, Oladiji Femi, Sylvie L. Budiaki, Gemma L. Kay, Johnson C. Okolie, Saber Masmoudi, Okokhere Peter, Hlanai Gumbo, Sara H.A. Agwa, Mooko Sekhele, Imed Gaaloul, Sheila M. Mandanda, Enatha Mukantwari, Ngonda Saasa, Sanaâ Lemriss, Hellen Nansumba, Akano Kazeem, Upasana Ramphal, Carolyn Williamson, Belinda Louise Herring, Vagner Fonseca, Edidah M. Ong'era, Joana Q. Mends, Ahmed E Ogwell Ouma, Anika Vinze, Ahmad Sayed, Richard Phillips, Adewunmi M. Olubusuyi, Bourema Kouriba, Vivianne Gorova, John O. Gyapong, Tulio de Oliveira, Arnold W. Lambisia, Najla Kharrat, Wolfgang Preiser, Ojide Chiedozie Kingsley, Yenew K. Tebeje, Sherihane Aryeetey, Yaw Bediako, David A. Rasmussen, Wael H. Roshdy, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Siham Elhamoumi, Sylvie van der Werf, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Claudia Daubenberger, Oshomah Cyril, Andrew J. Page, Uwanibe Jessica, Matoke-Muhia Damaris, Daniel J. Bridges, Sumir Panji, Mahjoub Aouni, Adnene Hammami, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Daniel Lule Bugembe, Gugu Maphalala, Kim Hae-Young, Mohamed K. Khalifa, Safietou Sankhe, Fabian H. Leendertz, Richard Njouom, Ousmane Faye, Kwabena O. Duedu, Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Tobias Schindler, Bankole Bolajoko, Cathrine Scheepers, Francisca M. Muyembe, Ajogbasile F. Victoria, Mirabeau T. Youtchou, Ayoade Femi, Amel Chtourou, Kefentse A. Tumedi, Adrienne A. Amuri, Joyce M. Ngoi, Etile Anoh, Richmond Gorman, Mohamed Abouelhoda, Ali Ahmed Yahaya, Paulo Arnaldo, Alexander J. Trotter, Lahcen Belyamani, Isaac Ssewanyana, Susan Nabadda, Arshad Ismail, Julia C. Andeko, James Emmanuel San, Susan Engelbrecht, Sikhulile Moyo, Jinal N. Bhiman, Jean-Michel Heraud, Julius J. Lutwama, Samar Metha, Amadou Diallo, Soa-Fy Andriamandimby, Rosina A. A. Carr, Edgar Simulundu, Steve A. Mundeke, Nelson B. Silochi, Shymaa S. Ahmed, Nadia Touil, Ihekweazu Chikwe, Deogratius Ssemwanga, Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker, Houriiyah Tegally, Okogbenin Sylvanus, Abdoul K. Sangare, Mulenga Mwenda, Fausta Shakiwa Mosha, Amadou A. Sall, Derek Tshiabuila, D. James Nokes, Yvan Butera, Maximillian Mpina, Adedotun-Sulaiman Kemi, Onwe E. Ogah, Jean B. Lekana-Douk, Stephen F. Schaffner, Vincent Enouf, Chantal Akoua-Koffi, Diarra Bassirou, Edwin Shumba, Deelan Doolabh, Saba Gargouri, Kayode T. Adeyemi, Wonderful T. Choga, Nicola Mulder, Inbal Gazy, Mushal Allam, Saâd El Kabbaj, Christian T. Happi, Frank Tanser, Sobajo Tope, Michael R. Wiley, Katherine J. Siddle, Charles N. Agoti, John Kayiwa, George Githinji, Diego F. Cuadros, Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo, Fowotade Adeola, Sonia Lekana-Douki, Edith N. Ngabana, William Ampofo, U George, Elmostafa El Fahime, Jean-Claude C Makangara, Nalia Ismael, Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko, Samar K. Kassim, Nedio Mabunda, Hafaliana Christian Ranaivoson, Tapfumanei Mashe, Sylvie Behillil, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Donwilliams O. Omuoyo, Darren P. Martin, Azeddine Ibrahimi, Paul E. Oluniyi, Richard J Lessells, My V. T. Phan, Feriel Bouzid, Salako B. Lawal, Gert U. van Zyl, Fares Wasfi, Christophe Peyrefitte, Joyce Namulondo, Ugochukwu J. Anyaneji, Mariétou Faye Paye, Augustina Sylverken, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Malebogo Kebabonye, Sophie J Prosolek, Mahmoud el Hefnawi, Adeyemi O. O. Oluwapelumi, Fakayode O. Enoch, Eddy Kinganda Lusamaki, Gaetan Thilliez, Beatrice Dhaala, Gabriel K. Mbunsu, Lavanya Singh, Nnennaya A. Ajayi, Justin O'Grady, Olawoye Idowu, Ngoy Nsenga, Baba Marycelin, Ndongo Dia, Abdul Karim Sesay, Ikponmwosa Odia, Chika K. Onwuamah, Pardis C. Sabeti, Collins M. Morang’a, Hajar Lemriss, Dominic S. Y. Amuzu, Jones Gyamfi, Sofonias K. Tessema, Iyaloo Konstantinus, Pontiano Kaleebu, Patrick Semanda, Fawzi Derrar, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Joweria Nakaseegu, Ibtihel Smeti, Jocelyn Kiconco, Audu Rosemary, K Said, Bronwyn Kleinhans, Fatma Abdelmoula, Sureshnee Pillay, Abechi Priscilla, Manel Turki, Fred A. Dratibi, Berthe-Marie Njanpop-Lafourcade, Zaydah R. de Laurent, David Baker, Nadine Rujeni, Oguzie Judith, Peter K. Quashie, Phillip Armand Bester, Emmanuel Lokilo, Catherine Pratt, Nabil Abid, Mamadou Diop, Placide Mbala, Eduan Wilkinson, Johnathan A. Edwards, Ahmed Rebai, Haruka Abe, Ana Victoria Gutierrez, Thanh Le-Viet, Essia Belarbi, Steven Rudder, Jouali Farah, Maha Mastouri, Nei-yuan Hsiao, Happi Anise, Cara E. Brook, Lamia Fki-Berrajah, Gordon A. Awandare, Ugwu Chinedu, Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Sami Kammoun, Leonardo de Oliveira Martins, Martin M. Nyaga, Lynn Tyers, Jingjing Li, Ikhlas Ben Ayed, Mouna Ouadghiri, Amadou Koné, Reuben Ayivor-Djanie, Innocent Mudau, Thabo Mohale, Olumade Testimony, Eromon Philomena, Yeshnee Naidoo, Patrice Combe, Seydou Doumbia, Anne von Gottberg, Akpede George, Nosamiefan Iguosadolo, Mohamed G. Seadawy, Bronwyn McInnis, Faida Ajili, Grit Schubert, Tarik Aanniz, Maureen W. Mburu, Soumeya Ouangraoua, John N. Nkengasong, Jennifer Giandhari, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Stellenbosch University, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais = Federal University of Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte, Brazil] (UFMG), University of Cincinnati (UC), University of Cape Town, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Chicago, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso] (CHUSS), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research [Durban, South Africa] (CAPRISA), University of Washington [Seattle], The University of Ghana (WACCBIP) team was funded by a Wellcome/African Academy of Sciences Developing Excellence in Leadership Training and Science (DELTAS) grant (DEL-15-007 and 107755/Z/15/Z: Awandare), National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) (17.63.91) grants using UK aid from the UK government for a global health research group for genomic surveillance of malaria in West Africa (Wellcome Sanger Institute, UK) and the global research unit for Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA partnership, University of Edinburgh), and a World Bank African Centres of Excellent grant (WACCBIP-NCDs: Awandare). Project ADAGE PRFCOV19-GP2 (2020-2022) includes 40 researchers from the Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, the University of Sfax, the University of Monastir, the University Hospital Hédi Chaker of Sfax, the Military Hospital of Tunis, and Dacima Consulting. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tunisia. The Uganda contributions were funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC/UKRI) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID concordat agreement (grant agreement number NC_PC_19060) and by the Wellcome, DFID–Wellcome Epidemic Preparedness–Coronavirus (grant agreement number 220977/Z/20/Z) awarded to M.C. Work from Quadram Institute Bioscience was funded by The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Institute Strategic Programme Microbes in the Food Chain BB/R012504/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR10348, BBS/E/F/000PR10349, BBS/E/F/000PR10351, and BBS/E/F/000PR10352 and by the Quadram Institute Bioscience BBSRC–funded Core Capability Grant (project number BB/CCG1860/1). The Africa Pathogen Genomics Initiative (Africa PGI) at the Africa CDC is supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV018978 and INV018278), Illumina Inc, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Sequences generated in Zambia through PATH were funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The findings and conclusions contained within are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect positions or policies of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Funding for sequencing in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and part of the sequencing in the DRC was granted by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Sequencing efforts from Morocco have been supported by Academie Hassan II of Science and Technology, Morocco. Funding for surveillance, sampling, and testing in Madagasar was provided by the WHO, the CDC (grant U5/IP000812-05), the US Agency for International Development (USAID, cooperation agreement 72068719CA00001), and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response in the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS, grant number IDSEP190051-01-0200). Funding for sequencing was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (GCE/ID OPP1211841), Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, and the Innovative Genomics Institute at UC Berkeley. The Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute was supported by the following funding: H3ABioNet through funding from the National Institutes of Health Common Fund (U41HG006941)—H3ABioNet is an initiative of the Human Health and Heredity in Africa Consortium (H3Africa) program of the African Academy of Science (AAS), DHHS–NIH–National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (5K24AI131928-04 and 5K24AI131924-04), Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE), a DELTAS Africa Initiative (grant DEL-15-0060—the DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the AAS’s Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA) and supported by the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD Agency) with funding from the Wellcome Trust [grant 107752/Z/15/Z] and the UK government, and the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) and the Department of Technology and Innovation as part of the Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA) and the Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Strategic Equipment Fund. D.P.M. is funded by the Wellcome Trust (Wellcome Trust grant 222574/Z/21/Z). Sequencing activities at the NICD were supported by a conditional grant from the South African National Department of Health as part of the emergency COVID-19 response, a cooperative agreement between the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant number 5 U01IP001048-05-00), the African Society of Laboratory Medicine (ASLM) and Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through a sub-award from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant number INV-018978, the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome (Grant no 221003/Z/20/Z), the South African Medical Research Council (Reference number SHIPNCD 76756), the UK Department of Health and Social Care, managed by the Fleming Fund and performed under the auspices of the SEQAFRICA project. Furthermore, pandemic surveillance in South Africa and Senegal was supported in part through NIH grant U01 AI151698 for the United World Antiviral Research Network (UWARN). Support for pandemic surveillance from the Tulio de Oliveira group to other African countries is funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. Sequencing efforts in the DRC were funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation under grant INV-018030 awarded to C.B.P. and further supported by funding from the Africa CDC through the ASLM (African Society of Laboratory Medicine) for Accelerating SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance in Africa. Sequencing efforts in Rwanda were commissioned by the NIHR Global Health Research program (16/136/33) using UK aid from the UK government (funding to E.M. and N.R. through TIBA partnership) and additional funds from the government of Rwanda through RBC/National Reference Laboratory in collaboration with the Belgian Development Agency (ENABEL) for additional genomic sequencing at GIGA Research Institute–Liege/Belgium. The sequencing effort in Equatorial Guinea was supported by a public-private partnership, the Bioko Island Malaria Elimination Project, composed of the government of Equatorial Guinea Ministries of Mines and Hydrocarbons, and Health and Social Welfare, Marathon EG Production Limited, Noble Energy, Atlantic Methanol Production Company, and EG LNG. Sample collection and typing in Mali were supported by Fondation Merieux–France, and sequence efforts have been supported by the Enable and Enhance Initiative of the German Federal Government’s Security Cooperation against Biological Threats in the G5 Sahel Region. The Nigeria work was made possible by support from Flu Lab and a cohort of generous donors through TED’s Audacious Project, including the ELMA Foundation, MacKenzie Scott, the Skoll Foundation, and Open Philanthropy. Further Nigeria funding came from grants from the NIAID (www.niaid.nih.gov), NIH-H3Africa (https://h3africa.org) (U01HG007480 and U54HG007480), and the World Bank grant (worldbank.org) (ACE IMPACT project) to C.H. Analysis for the Gabon strains was supported by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (grant number JP20jm0110013) and a grant from AMED (grant number JP20wm0225003). Sequencing at KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme site in Kenya was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (project references 17/63/82 and 16/136/33), using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research, and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome Trust (grant# 102975, 220985)., and We acknowledge the authors from the originating laboratories and the submitting laboratories, who generated and shared, via GISAID, the genetic sequence data on which this research is based (table S4). We also acknowledge the contribution of K. Maria from the NGS-SA platform for their contribution toward the sequencing effort in Cape Town, South Africa. Similarly, we thank A. M. Elsaame, S. M. Elsayed, and R. M. Darwish from the Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI) for their efforts toward sequencing in Egypt. We thank S. Bane, M. Sanogo, D. Diallo, A. Combo Georges Togo, and A. Coulibaly from the University Clinical Research Centre (UCRC) at the University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako for the contribution they have made toward sequencing efforts in Mali. We acknowledge the contribution of M. Moeti and A. Salam Gueye from the WHO for their contribution toward combating SARS-CoV-2 on the African continent. We further wish to extend acknowledgment to S. Lutucuta and J. Morais from the Angolan Ministry of Health for their continued hard work with regards to SARS-CoV-2 sampling, sequencing, and pandemic response in Angola. From Malawi we wish to acknowledge the work of B. Chilima, B. Mvula, and M. Chitenje from the Malawian Ministry of Health for their work on the COVID-19 response within the country.

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Multidisciplinary, Early introduction, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Transmission (medicine), SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, Genetic Variation, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Genomics, Left behind, Geography, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Development economics, Pandemic, Africa, Epidemiological Monitoring, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, QH426, RA, Pandemics
Abstract

The progression of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Africa has so far been heterogeneous and the full impact is not yet well understood. Here, we describe the genomic epidemiology using a dataset of 8746 genomes from 33 African countries and two overseas territories. We show that the epidemics in most countries were initiated by importations, predominantly from Europe, which diminished following the early introduction of international travel restrictions. As the pandemic progressed, ongoing transmission in many countries and increasing mobility led to the emergence and spread within the continent of many variants of concern and interest, such as B.1.351, B.1.525, A.23.1 and C.1.1. Although distorted by low sampling numbers and blind-spots, the findings highlight that Africa must not be left behind in the global pandemic response, otherwise it could become a breeding ground for new variants.

Published
2021

17. Factors Associated With Virological Suppression of HIV Viral Load in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Conakry, Guinea

Author

Mamady Diakité, Gobounet Lamah, Amadou Sadio Bah, Fode Bangaly Magassouba, Robert Camara, Youssouf Koita, Mamoudou Conde, Adama Cissé, Penda Maladho Diallo, Talla Nioke, Mamadou Bhoye Keita, Alimou camara, Alioune Camara, Mamadou Bobo Diallo, Kaba Kourouma, Mamadou Alpha Sylla, Alpha Kabinet Keita, and Abdoulaye Touré

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, In patient, General Medicine, business, Virology, Viral load, Antiretroviral therapy
Abstract

BackgroundThe viral load has become an indispensable tool in evaluating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV / AIDS. This study aimed to assess virological suppression among in people living with HIV / AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Guinea.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study of more than three years that involved adult HIV-positive patients treated in different sites in Conakry. A total of 9815 viral load data were collected. The viral load was quantified by the Generic Biocentric technique and the detection threshold set at 350 copies/ml. Statistical analyses were performed by R software version R4.0.3..ResultsA total of 9815 viral load data collected at the national public health laboratory were analysed. The sample was dominated by women (72%), with an average age of 29 [29, 39]. Of these, 6,706 (68%) of HIV-positive people on ART had viral load suppression. The univaried analysis showed that women were 22% more likely to have VL suppression (p-value

Published
2021

18. Extensive Serological Survey of Multiple African Nonhuman Primate Species Reveals Low Prevalence of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to 4 Ebola Virus Species

Author

Audrey Lacroix, Severin Loul, Fabian H. Leendertz, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Abdoulaye Touré, Simon-Pierre Ndimbo-Kumugo, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Ahidjo Ayouba, Christian-Julian Villabona-Arenas, Martine Peeters, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Pierre Formenty, Nikki Tagg, Eric Delaporte, Christelle Butel, Eitel Mpoudi Ngole, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Placide Mbala Kingebeni, and Steve Ahuka-Mundeke

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, viruses, 030231 tropical medicine, ape, Sudan ebolavirus, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Immunoglobulin G, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Ebola virus, virus diseases, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Nucleoprotein, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Ebola, Africa, Cercopithecus cephus, biology.protein, monkey, Antibody
Abstract

Bats are considered a reservoir species for Ebola viruses, but nonhuman primates (NHPs) have represented a source of infection in several outbreaks in humans. Here we report serological screening of blood or fecal samples from monkeys (n = 2322) and apes (n = 2327). Thirty-six NHP species from Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ivory Coast were tested with a sensitive and specific Luminex-based assay for immunoglobulin G antibodies to 4 Ebola virus species. Using the simultaneous presence of antibodies to nucleoproteins and glycoproteins to define positivity, we showed that specific Ebola virus antibodies are not widespread among NHPs. Only 1 mustached monkey (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon was positive for Sudan ebolavirus. These observations support that NHPs are most likely intermediate hosts for Ebola viruses. With the increasing frequency of Ebola outbreaks, it is crucial to identify the animal reservoir and understand the ecology of Ebola viruses to inform disease control.

Published
2019

19. Resurgence of Ebola Virus in 2021 in Guinea Suggests a New Paradigm for Outbreaks

Author

Fodé B. Sako, Jacob Camara, Amadou A. Sall, Ariane Düx, Giuditta Annibaldis, Meike Pahlmann, Abdoulaye Toure, Ousmane Faye, Mamadou Condé, Haby Diallo, Steven T. Pullan, Amadou Sidibe, Moriba Povogui, Fara Raymond Koundouno, Christophe Peyrefitte, Liana E. Kafetzopoulou, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Saa L. Millimono, Mandiou Diakite, Ahmadou Doré, Karla Pietro, N'. Faly Magassouba, Fabian H. Leendertz, Nicole Vidal, Stephan Günther, Anke Thielebein, Julia Hinzmann, Dembo Diakite, Ahidjo Ayouba, Cheikh Loucoubar, Kaka Kourouma, Martin Faye, Philippe Lemey, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Mamadou D. Barry, Fodé Y. Soumah, Annick Renevey, Georges Ki-Zerbo, Kékoura Ifono, Andrew Rambaut, Abdoul K. Soumah, Miles W. Carroll, Mamadou S. Bah, Joseph Akoi Bore, Ibrahima Camara, Mamadou S. Sow, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Fodé A. Traore, Sophie Duraffour, Assaïtou Bah, John T. McCrone, Nathalie J. Vielle, Joshua Quick, Noël Tordo, Moussa Baldé, Mamadou Diop, Youssouf Sidibé, Martine Peeters, Madeleine Kourouma, Sakoba Keita, Mamadou B. Keita, Frédéric Le Marcis, Cé D. Saouromou, Anais Legand, Amadou Diallo, Pierre Formenty, Almudena Mari-Saez, Michael R. Wiley, Karifa Kourouma, Eric Delaporte, Barré Soropogui, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Laboratoire des Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), German Center for Infection Research - Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée [Conakry, Guinée] (CERFIG), Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital National Donka, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), CEA Tech Grand-Est (DGDE), CEA Tech en régions (CEA-TECH-Reg), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de Santé Publique [Conakry, Guinée] (INSP), Ministère de la Santé [Conakry, Guinea], Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère et de l'Océan Siméon Fongang (LPAO-SF), École Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Public Health England, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), World Health Organization [Geneva], The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska System, Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), University of Edinburgh, Division Prévention et Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Lyon, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department [Montpellier], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), University of Oxford [Oxford], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Tech Alsace Champagne-Ardenne Lorraine, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Michel de l'Hospital : laboratoire de recherche en sciences juridiques et politiques (CMH ), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
Male, Zaire ebolavirus, Time Factors, viruses, Disease, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Disease cluster, Models, Biological, Viral Zoonoses, Virus, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, Ebola virus, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Survivors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Clade, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Transmission (medicine), Guinea-2021, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Outbreak, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Ebolavirus, Virology, 3. Good health, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Female, Persistent Infection, epidemiology, Guinea, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Seven years after the declaration of the first epidemic of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, the country faced a new outbreak—between 14 February and 19 June 2021—near the epicentre of the previous epidemic1,2. Here we use next-generation sequencing to generate complete or near-complete genomes of Zaire ebolavirus from samples obtained from 12 different patients. These genomes form a well-supported phylogenetic cluster with genomes from the previous outbreak, which indicates that the new outbreak was not the result of a new spillover event from an animal reservoir. The 2021 lineage shows considerably lower divergence than would be expected during sustained human-to-human transmission, which suggests a persistent infection with reduced replication or a period of latency. The resurgence of Zaire ebolavirus from humans five years after the end of the previous outbreak of Ebola virus disease reinforces the need for long-term medical and social care for patients who survive the disease, to reduce the risk of re-emergence and to prevent further stigmatization. The viral lineage responsible for the February 2021 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea is nested within a clade that predominantly consists of genomes sampled during the 2013–2016 epidemic, suggesting that the virus might have re-emerged after a long period of latency within a previously infected individual.

Published
2021

20. Rapid survey to determine the predictive factors of vaccination coverage in children aged 0 to 59 months in Guinea

Author

Mariama Sylla, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Ibrahima Camara, Abdoulaye Touré, Alioune Camara, and Alpha Kabinet Keita

Subjects
pre-COVID-19, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Attendance, Odds ratio, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Logistic regression, vaccination, Confidence interval, Vaccination, Dispensary, Birth order, children, Vaccination coverage, Medicine, survey, Guinea, business, Original Research
Abstract

Background: The Expanded Program on Immunisation has made it possible to prevent more than 3 million deaths in children under 5 years. The objectives of this study were to estimate the vaccination coverage of children from 0 to 59 months and identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination coverage.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a dispensary in Conakry, Guinea between January and February 2020. Sociodemographic and vaccination information was collected from mothers of 380 randomly select children aged 0 to 59 months. Information on immunisation coverage was gathered from records vaccination cards and maternal reports. Logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with incomplete immunisation coverage.Results: Most (66.5%) children aged 12 months were up-to-date with their vaccinations. Factors associated with incomplete vaccination in this age group included: unavailability of vaccination cards (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.56–22.44) and lack of prenatal consultation attendance (aOR 2.93; 95% CI: 1.15–7.48). In contrast only 19.8% (95% CI: 13.9–26.7) of children aged 12–59 months were fully immunised. Factors associated with incomplete vaccination coverage in children aged 12–59 months included high birth order (aOR 10.23; 95% CI: 2.06–19.43), and lack of prenatal consultation attendance (aOR 5.34; 95% CI: 1.48–19.23).Conclusion: Child immunisation coverage is low in Guinea. These results highlight the need to develop strategies based on an integrated approach to overcome obstacles to childhood immunisation in Guinea.

Published
2020

21. Unrecognized Ebola virus infection in Guinea: complexity of surveillance in a health crisis situation: case report

Author

Elhadj Ibrahima Bah, Salifou Talassone Bangoura, Abdoulaye Touré, Bakary Oularé, Ibrahima Camara, Alioune Camara, Alpha Kabinet Keita, and Mamadou Saliou Sow

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Public health, viruses, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, General Medicine, Disease, Virus, West africa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ebola, Global health, Medicine, case report, Guinea, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, education, Ebola virus infection
Abstract

The ebola epidemic that raged in West Africa between 2013 and 2016 was the largest since the discovery of the virus in 1976. During this epidemic, more than 11,000 cases were notified with a lethality of over 67%. Several means of transmission have been described. The great difficulty noted during the epidemic was the estimation of the number of asymptomatic and pauci symptomatic cases, however there is evidence that this population has been in contact with the virus for some time. Thus, they could be a source for the spread of the epidemic. In this paper, we report in Guinea-Conakry three stories of probable pauci-symptomatic form of ebola disease that would have been the cause of massive infection in a population sorely tried by the epidemic between 2014 and 2015 in Guinea.

Published
2020

23. Ocular Complications in Survivors of the Ebola Outbreak in Guinea

Author

Esther Hereth-Hebert, Mamadou Oury Bah, Jean François Etard, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Serge Resnikoff, Christine Fardeau, Abdoulaye Toure, Alexis Niouma Ouendeno, Isaac Ceougna Sagno, Laura March, Suzanne Izard, Pierre Louis Lama, Moumié Barry, Eric Delaporte, Ahidjo Ayouba, Sylvain Baize, Amadou Camara, Mohammed Cissé, Jean-François Delfraissy, Christelle Delmas, Alice Desclaux, Saliou Bella Diallo, Mariama Sadio Diallo, Jean François Étard, Cécile Etienne, Bruno Granouillac, Djenaba Kassé, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Sakoba Keita, Esther Hereth Hébert, Lamine Koivugui, Cece Kpamou, Christine Lacarabaratz, Sandrine Leroy, Claire Levy Marchal, Yves Levy, N'Fally Magassouba, Martine Peeters, Hervé Raoul, Ibrahima Savané, Bernard Taverne, Abdoulaye Touré, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Service d'Ophtalmologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Eye Infections, Viral, Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Uveitis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Case fatality rate, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Survivors, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Child, Prospective cohort study, Keratitis, Ebola virus, business.industry, Incidence, Outbreak, Episcleritis, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Middle Aged, Eye infection, Ebolavirus, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Child, Preschool, DNA, Viral, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, Guinea, business, Follow-Up Studies, Scleritis, Cohort study
Abstract

International audience; PURPOSE:The Ebola outbreak of 2013-2016 severely affected West Africa and resulted in 2544 deaths and 1270 survivors in Guinea, the country where it began. This Ebola virus was the Zaire strain of the virus family Filoviridae. In this outbreak the case fatality rate was about 67%. The survivors, declared cured after 2 negative blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, face psychosocial disorders and rheumatic, ear-nose-throat, neurocognitive, and ophthalmologic complications. The goal of this study was to detect and describe ocular complications afflicting these survivors and to observe their occurrence and recurrences.DESIGN:Prospective observational cohort study.METHODS:This prospective observational multicenter cohort study was initiated in March 2015. The cohort study included 341 survivors followed up in the infectious disease ward of Conakry, Forecariah, and Nzérékoré as of May 2016. The patients received multidisciplinary medical follow-up expected to last at least 1 year that included an eye examination as part of complete, free treatment.RESULTS:Systematic examination of 341 patients revealed 46 cases of uveitis (13.5%), 6 cases of episcleritis (1.8%), and 3 cases of interstitial keratitis (0.9%). Uveitis was most frequently unilateral (78.3%) and anterior (47.8%) and occurred within the 2 months after discharge from the Ebola treatment center. Moreover, uveitis relapses were found up to 13 months after the negative PCR result for Ebola in the blood.CONCLUSION:Nearly 1 out of 6 survivors presented ocular disorders after discharge from the Ebola treatment center. An ophthalmologic follow-up for Ebola-infected patients should start, if possible, during the acute phase of the disease and last more than 1 year. Treatment guidelines need to be urgently developed and implemented.

Published
2017

24. Long-lasting severe immune dysfunction in Ebola virus disease survivors

Author

Aurélie Wiedemann, M.Sc. Emile Foucat, Hakim Hocini, M.Sc. Cécile Lefebvre, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Ahidjo Ayouba, M.Sc. Stéphane Mély, M.Sc. José-Carlos Fernandez, Abdoulaye Tou, Claire Lévy-Marchal, Hervé Raoul, Eric Delaporte, Lamine Koivogui, Christine Lacabaratz, and Yves Lévy

Abstract

Clinical follow-up of Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors revealed a persistence of clinical symptoms and higher risk of mortality. Long-term analyses of the immune and inflammatory profiles of EVD survivors are currently lacking. Here, we evaluate immune profile status and gene expression profiles in 35 Guinean EVD survivors (EBOV_S) from the last West African outbreak, a median of 23 months (IQR [18-25]) after discharge from the Ebola treatment center. We show a persistent increase of several biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation and gut tissue damage in EBOV_S compared to healthy donors living in the same area. These results are confirmed by phenotypic characterization of immune cell subsets revealing increases in activation marker expression and the frequencies of CD8+ T cells, exhausted B cells, non-classical NK cells and circulating dendritic cells. All survivors have EBOV-specific IgG antibodies and robust and polyfunctional EBOV-specific memory T-cell responses. Deep sequencing studies of the genes expressed in blood revealed a significant enrichment in genes associated with antiviral responses in EBOV_S. This study assess the long-term persistence of immunological dysfunction in survivors and identify a set of biological and genetic markers that could be used to define a signature of “chronic Ebola virus disease (CEVD)”.

Published
2019

25. Prevalence of infection among asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic contact persons exposed to Ebola virus in Guinea: a retrospective, cross-sectional observational study

Author

Bernard Taverne, Eric Delaporte, Ahidjo Ayouba, Muriel Rabilloud, Thierno Alimou Barry, Aboubacar Hawa Sylla, Charlotte Laniece-Delaunay, Mariama Djouldé Sall, Alseny Balde, Moriba Povogui, Ibrahima Camara, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Amara Bamba, Cécé Kpamou, Fabien Subtil, Emile Souro Kamano, Christelle Butel, Amadou Yalla Camara, Martine Peeters, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Guillaume Thaurignac, Maou Sakouvogui, Mamadou Saliou Diallo, Saran Doumbouya, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Philippe Msellati, Abdoulaye Touré, Amadou Bailo Diallo, Jean Louis Monemou, Aboubacar Mamy Conte, René Ecochard, Joel Balle Koivogui, Yves Levy, Abdoul Karim Soumah, Jean-François Etard, Jean-François Delfraissy, Sandrine Leroy, Ibrahima Balde, Diaby Aboubacar, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, and Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI)

Subjects
Male, Cross-sectional study, viruses, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Environmental exposure, Middle Aged, Ebolavirus, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Population study, Female, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Ebola virus, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Environmental Exposure, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Asymptomatic Diseases, Guinea, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

Funding Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Reacting, the French Ebola Task Force, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, and Montpellier University Of Excellence-University of Montpellier.; International audience; BACKGROUND : The prevalence of Ebola virus infection among people who have been in contact with patients with Ebola virus disease remains unclear, but is essential to understand the dynamics of transmission. This study aimed to identify risk factors for seropositivity and to estimate the prevalence of Ebola virus infection in unvaccinated contact persons.METHODS : In this retrospective, cross-sectional observational study, we recruited individuals between May 12, 2016, and Sept 8, 2017, who had been in physical contact with a patient with Ebola virus disease, from four medical centres in Guinea (Conakry, Macenta, N'zérékoré, and Forécariah). Contact persons had to be 7 years or older and not diagnosed with Ebola virus disease. Participants were selected through the Postebogui survivors' cohort. We collected self-reported information on exposure and occurrence of symptoms after exposure using a questionnaire, and tested antibody response against glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and 40-kDa viral protein of Zaire Ebola virus by taking a blood sample. The prevalence of Ebola virus infection was estimated with a latent class model.FINDINGS : 1721 contact persons were interviewed and given blood tests, 331 of whom reported a history of vaccination so were excluded, resulting in a study population of 1390. Symptoms were reported by 216 (16%) contact persons. The median age of participants was 26 years (range 7-88) and 682 (49%) were male. Seropositivity was identified in 18 (8·33%, 95% CI 5·01-12·80) of 216 paucisymptomatic contact persons and 39 (3·32%, 5·01-12·80) of 1174 (2-4) asymptomatic individuals (p=0·0021). Seropositivity increased with participation in burial rituals (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2·30, 95% CI 1·21-4·17; p=0·0079) and exposure to blood or vomit (aOR 2·15, 1·23-3·91; p=0·0090). Frequency of Ebola virus infection varied from 3·06% (95% CI 1·84-5·05) in asymptomatic contact persons who did not participate in burial rituals to 5·98% (2·81-8·18) in those who did, and from 7·17% (3·94-9·09) in paucisymptomatic contact persons who did not participate in burial rituals to 17·16% (12·42-22·31) among those who did.INTERPRETATION : This study provides a new assessment of the prevalence of Ebola virus infection among contact persons according to exposure, provides evidence for the occurrence of paucisymptomatic cases, and reinforces the importance of closely monitoring at-risk contact persons.

Published
2019

26. Survey of Ebola Viruses in Frugivorous and Insectivorous Bats in Guinea, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2015-2017

Author

Guillaume Thaurignac, Mare Geraerts, Eric Delaporte, Thomas Lemarcis, Simon-Pierre Ndimbo-Kumugo, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole, Abdoulaye Touré, Hélène M. De Nys, Ramadan Diallo, Amandine Esteban, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Placide Mbala Kingebeni, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Lamine Koivogui, Martine Peeters, Mathieu Bourgarel, Christelle Butel, Nicole Vidal, Justus Nsio-Mbeta, Christian-Julian Villabona-Arenas, Ahidjo Ayouba, François Roger, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Fabian H. Leendertz, Nikki Tagg, ROGER, François, Laboratoires d'excellence - From Genome and Epigenome to Molecular Medicine: turning new paradigms in biology into the therapeutic strategies of tomorrow - - EpiGenMed2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0012 - LABX - VALID, MUSE - - MUSE2016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0006 - IDEX - VALID, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Institute of Biomedical Research [Congo Kinshasa], Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa [Congo], Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale [Maférinyah, Guinée] (CNFRSR), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Ministère de L'Elevage et des Productions Animales [Conakry, Guinée], Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie [Kinshasa, Cameroun], Ministère de la Santé Publique du Cameroun, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA), Institut National de Santé Publique [Conakry, Guinée] (INSP), Ministère de la Santé [Conakry, Guinea], Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Études des Plantes Médicinales [Yaoundé, Cameroon] (IMPM), Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This work was supported in part by grants from Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, the Ebola Task Force, REACTing, EBO-SURSY project funded by the European Union, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Christophe Mérieux Prize 2015 (to J.-J.M.T.). A.K.K. was supported by a fellowship from the IRD and the University of Montpellier (MUSE, ANR-16-IDEX-0006). C.-J.V.-A. was supported by a fellowship from IRD, Labex EpiGenMed via the National Research Agency, Programme for Future Investment (ANR-10-LABX-12-01), and the University of Montpellier., We thank the staffs from the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Environment and the national ethics committees from the DRC, Cameroon, and Guinea for permission to perform this study. We thank all the field staff from the DRC (Guy Midingi and Servet Kimbonza), Guinea (Souana Goumou, Mamadou Kalif Diallo, Pépé Justin Beavogui, Philippe Kolié, Michel Guilavogui), and Cameroon (Innocent Ndong Bass, Aime Mebenga, Joseph Moudindo, Thomas Atemkem) for the collection of bat samples. We thank the staffs of the National Institute of Biomedical Research (Kinshasa, the DRC), the Kongo Central Provincial Government (Matadi, the DRC), and Projet PRESICA, Donald Mbohli from Project Grand Singes, and the staff of the Institut National de Santé Publique (Conakry, Guinea) for logistical support in the field. We thank Seny Mane for his involvement and support in the implementation of this project and Daouda Bangoura for his constant support for this project and the facilitation of field missions. We thank the veterinary staff from the Parc Zoologique de Montpellier and Wilhelma Zoo and Botanical Garden for providing control samples., ANR-10-LABX-0012,EpiGenMed,From Genome and Epigenome to Molecular Medicine: turning new paradigms in biology into the therapeutic strategies of tomorrow(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-10-LABX-0012/10-LABX-0012,EpiGenMed,From Genome and Epigenome to Molecular Medicine: turning new paradigms in biology into the therapeutic strategies of tomorrow(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0006 Initiatives d'excellence (IDEX/ISITE),MUSE,Ecosystèmes d'excellence, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI)

Subjects
MESH: Ebolavirus*/genetics, Epidemiology, serology, MESH: Animal Diseases/epidemiology, Africa, Cameroon, EVD, Ebola, Ebola virus, Ebola virus disease, Ebola virus infection, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Guinea, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Lissonycteris angolensis, Luminex, Micropteropus pusillus, Mops sp, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Sudan strain, Zaire strain, bats, cross-reactivity, cutoff, ecology, frugivorous bats, insectivorous bats, seroprevalence, survey, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, viruses, zoonoses, Antibodies, Viral, Disease Outbreaks, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chiroptera, MESH: Animals, Geography, Medical, MESH: Ebolavirus*/classification, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, virus diseases, Ebolavirus, 3. Good health, MESH: Animal Diseases/immunology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Cameroon/epidemiology, MESH: Animal Diseases/virology, MESH: History, 21st Century, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/veterinary, Zoology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Chiroptera/virology, MESH: Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, lcsh:R, Outbreak, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Antibodies, Viral, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Animal Diseases/history, MESH: Ebolavirus*/immunology, lcsh:Medicine, L73 - Maladies des animaux, medicine.disease_cause, Animal Diseases, Serology, Public Health Surveillance, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Public Health Surveillance, Infectious Diseases, Democratic Republic of the Congo, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, MESH: Guinea/epidemiology, animal structures, Biology, History, 21st Century, MESH: Geography, Medical, Survey of Ebola Viruses in Frugivorous and Insectivorous Bats in Guinea, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2015–2017, medicine, Animals, Seroprevalence, lcsh:RC109-216, Research, Insectivore, biology.organism_classification, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

International audience; To clarify the role of bats in the ecology of Ebola viruses, we assessed the prevalence of Ebola virus antibodies in a large-scale sample of bats collected during 2015-2017 from countries in Africa that have had previous Ebola outbreaks (Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo) or are at high risk for outbreaks (Cameroon). We analyzed 4,022 blood samples of bats from >12 frugivorous and 27 insectivorous species; 2-37 (0.05%-0.92%) bats were seropositive for Zaire and 0-30 (0%-0.75%) bats for Sudan Ebola viruses. We observed Ebola virus antibodies in 1 insectivorous bat genus and 6 frugivorous bat species. Certain bat species widespread across Africa had serologic evidence of Zaire and Sudan Ebola viruses. No viral RNA was detected in the subset of samples tested (n = 665). Ongoing surveillance of bats and other potential animal reservoirs are required to predict and prepare for future outbreaks.

Published
2018

27. Co-circulation of Plasmodium and Bacterial DNAs in Blood of Febrile and Afebrile Children from Urban and Rural Areas in Gabon

Author

Sydney Maghendji Nzondo, Rella Zoleko Manego, Gaël Mourembou, Pierre Blaise Matsiegui, Jean Bernard Lekana-Douki, Irene Pegha Moukandja, Didier Raoult, Florence Fenollar, Hervé Tissot-Dupont, Alpha Kabinet Keita, A. Ndjoyi-Mbiguino, and Lady Charlene Kouna

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Male, Rural Population, Bartonella, Plasmodium, Staphylococcus aureus, Adolescent, Fever, Urban Population, Streptococcus pyogenes, 030231 tropical medicine, Tropheryma, Bacteremia, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tropheryma whipplei, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Salmonella, Leptospira, Virology, parasitic diseases, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Gabon, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, biology, Coinfection, Infant, Articles, DNA, Protozoan, Coxiella burnetii, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, Parasitology
Abstract

Malaria is considered to be the most common etiology of fever in sub-Saharan Africa while bacteremias exist but are under assessed. This study aimed to assess bacteremias and malaria in children from urban and rural areas in Gabon. DNA extracts from blood samples of 410 febrile and 60 afebrile children were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasmodium spp. was the microorganism most frequently detected in febrile (78.8%, 323/410) and afebrile (13.3%, 8/60) children, (P < 0.001). DNA from one or several bacteria were detected in 15 febrile patients (3.7%) but not in the controls (P = 0.1). This DNA was more frequently detected as co-infections among febrile children tested positive for Plasmodium (4.6%, 15/323) than in those tested negative for Plasmodium (0%, 0/87; P = 0.04). The bacteria detected were Streptococcus pneumoniae 2.4% (10/410), Staphylococcus aureus 1.7% (7/410), Salmonella spp. 0.7% (3/410), Streptococcus pyogenes 0.2% (1/410) and Tropheryma whipplei 0.2% (1/410) only in febrile children. Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were not observed. This paper reports the first detection of bacteremia related to T. whipplei in Gabon and shows that malaria decreases in urban areas but not in rural areas. Co-infections in febrile patients are common, highlighting the need to improve fever management strategies in Gabon.

Published
2016

28. Prévalence des infections nosocomiales dans deux hôpitaux de Conakry (Guinée)

Author

Yacouba Dabo, Bintou Konaté, Naman Doumbouya, M. Keita, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Daniel Agbo Panzo, and Mamadou Saliou Sow

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030232 urology & nephrology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine
Abstract

Introduction : Les infections nosocomiales sont evitables par l’hygiene. Elles ne sont pas suffisamment etudiees et documentees en Guinee. C’est dans ce but que nous avons realise dans les services de chirurgie et de reanimation du CHU de Conakry, une etude « un jour donne ». Methodes : Quatorze services (12 de chirurgie et deux de reanimation) ont participe a l’etude. Au total, 310 patients ont ete inclus. Resultats : Une infection nosocomiale a ete observee chez 62 patients soit 20 %, [IC a 95 % 15,9-24,8 %]. Les infections du site operatoire ont ete significativement plus frequentes soit 67,7 % [IC 95 % 55,3-78,1 %], p = 0,0001 que les autres types d’infections (urinaire, peau et digestive) avec 20/62 32,3 %, [IC 95 % 21,9-44,6 %]. La duree moyenne d’hospitalisation de 29,1 ± 23,4 jours [IC 95 % 23,2 ± 35,04] pour les patients avec une infection nosocomiale etait significativement differente (p = 0,0001) de celle observee chez les patients sans infection, 15,9 ± 16,3 jours [IC 95 % 13,8 ± 17,9]. Staphylococcus aureus a ete la bacterie la plus frequemment signalee dans 51,6 % des cas, [IC 95 % 39,5-63,6 %]. Une infection a Escherichia coli a ete identifiee chez 13 patients porteurs de sonde urinaire 20,9 % [IC 95 % 12,7-32,6 %]. Au final, une letalite de 8,1 % a ete observee chez les patients qui ont developpe une infection au cours des soins. Discussion : Cette etude montre que les infections nosocomiales sont frequentes dans le CHU de Conakry. Il serait necessaire de mener d’autres etudes pour mettre en evidence les facteurs de risque afin de proposer des solutions.

Published
2016

29. FRI0447 FIRST COMPREHENSIVE LONG-TERM ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL CONSEQUENCES AMONG EBOLA SURVIVORS

Author

M. S. Sow, Yves-Marie Pers, Bernard Taverne, M. D. Sall, M. Barry, Eric Delaporte, Jean-François Etard, A. Dubois, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Laura March, A. Toure, and T. A. Barry

Subjects
myalgia, education.field_of_study, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Ebola virus, business.industry, Immunology, Population, Outbreak, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rheumatology, Median time, Cohort, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Risk factor, medicine.symptom, education, business
Abstract

Background:The tremendous size of the 2013-2016 West African outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) resulted in a sizeable population of survivors, many reporting short-term sequelae such as arthralgia and myalgia.Objectives:We aimed to report a detailed and long-term description of patients’ musculoskeletal (MS) symptoms.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study following systematic rheumatological screening of patients included in the Postebogui cohort (Conakry district). We used regression models to establish the magnitude of EVD as a risk factor for developing chronic MS pain by comparison with a control cohort and to establish risk factors for developing MS pain among survivors.Results:The study included 313 patients (55.6% female), with a median age of 28.2 years (IQR 21-37), and a median time from ETC discharge to rheumatological visit of 26.2 months (IQR 23-30). Chronic MS pain was reported in 216 (69%) patients, and was predominantly mechanical (48%). Enthesis and painful peripheral joints were largely involved (91%) with symmetrical distribution. Previous Ebola infection was a major risk factor for chronic MS pain (aOR, 6.662 [95% CI, 4.522–9.921]). Among survivors, increasing age (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.22) and female gender (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.22-11.80) were both associated with persistent MS pain, while myalgia experienced during the acute phase of EVD appeared protective (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04-0.42).Conclusion:Our study provides the most accurate long-term description of MS disorders among Ebola survivors. Joint and muscle pain sequelae are frequent and require specialized care.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Published
2020

30. Frequency and Determinants of Prescribing Antibiotics for Internal Medicine at Donka National Hospital (Guinea)

Author

Mohamed Cissé, Abdoulaye Touré, Salifou Talassone Bangoura, Mamadou Saliou Diallo, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Djibril Sylla, Alpha-Kabinet Keita, Alioune Camara, Alimou camara, and Sidikiba Sidibé

Subjects
Univariate analysis, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, General Medicine, Logistic regression, medicine.disease, Civil servants, Internal medicine, Health care, medicine, Medical prescription, business, Malaria
Abstract

Background: In hospitals, antibiotics are one of the most prescribed drug classes. The purpose of this study was to describe the extent and factors associated with the prescription of antibiotics in the Internal Medicine Department of Donka National Hospital. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 30, 2018 to January 31, 2019 among prescribers and patients hospitalized or seen on an outpatient basis. Data were collected by direct interview and through patient records. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with antibiotic prescribing. Results: Out of a total of 400 consultants, 82 (21%) patients received antibiotic therapy. Beta-lactam antibiotics were the most prescribed antibiotic (45%) and urogenital infections (24.3%) were the most common indication. In univariate analysis, the consultation by a trainee physician [OR = 3.06 (95% CI: 1.56-6)] was associated with a prescription for antibiotics. Students/students [OR = 1.85 (95% CI: 1.01-3.39)], civil servants [OR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.02-3.26)], patients residing in Conakry [OR = 2.06 (95% CI: 1.08-3.91)], those hospitalized [OR = 3.16 (95% CI: 1.55-6.46)] and those with a fever [OR = 6.49 (95% CI: 3.84-10.96)] were more likely to receive an antibiotic. Only fever [OR adjusted = 4.30 (95% CI: 2.43-7.61)] remained associated with the prescription of antibiotics in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The results showed that fever was the factor independently associated with the antibiotic prescription. In a country where malaria is the main cause of fever, the results suggest the need for training health care workers in antibiotic prescribing.

Published
2020

31. Serological evidence of ebola virus infection in rural Guinea before the 2014 West African epidemic outbreak

Author

Aminata Diallo, Martine Peeters, Guillaume Thaurignac, Lamine Koivogui, Ahidjo Ayouba, Talla Nioke, Eric Delaporte, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Falaye Traoré, Christelle Butel, Herrada, Anthony, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Institut National de Santé Publique [Conakry, Guinée] (INSP), Ministère de la Santé [Conakry, Guinea], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), and Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Rural Population, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Serological evidence, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Humans, Epidemics, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Ebola virus, Outbreak, Articles, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Middle Aged, Ebolavirus, 3. Good health, Titer, West african, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Geography, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunoglobulin G, Epidemic outbreak, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Parasitology, Guinea, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Dried Blood Spot Testing, Rural area, Ebola virus infection
Abstract

International audience; Questions remain as to whether an unnoticed Ebola outbreak occurred in Guinea before the 2014-2016 epidemic. To address this, we used a highly sensitive and specific Luminex-based assay for Ebola virus (EBOV) antibody detection to screen blood samples collected in the framework of the Demographic Health Survey performed in 2012 in Guinea. One sample (GF069) of 1,483 tested was positive at very high immunoglobulin G titer to Zaire EBOV in Guinée Forestière. Thus, at least 2 years before the 2014 EVD outbreak in Guinea, Zaire EBOV was circulating in rural areas of this country.

Published
2018

32. Noncontiguous finished genome sequence and description of Diaminobutyricimonas massiliensis strain FF2T sp. nov

Author

Didier Raoult, Caroline Michelle, Cheikh Ibrahima Lo, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Ngor Faye, P.-E. Fournier, Florence Fenollar, Jérôme Terras, Roshan Padhmanabhan, and Oleg Mediannikov

Subjects
Whole genome sequencing, Genetics, Culturomics, Strain (chemistry), taxono-genomics, Chromosome, Biology, 16S ribosomal RNA, Microbiology, Genome, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Infectious Diseases, Plasmid, lcsh:RC109-216, Diaminobutyricimonas massiliensis, genome, Gene
Abstract

Strain FF2 T was isolated from the blood sample of a 35 year-old febrile Senegalese male, in Dielmo, Senegal. This strain exhibited a 97.47% 16S rRNA sequence identity with Diaminobutyricimonas aerilata . The score from MALDI-TOF-MS does not allow any identification. Using a polyphasic study made of phenotypic and genomic analyses, strain FF2 T was Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, and exhibited a genome of 3,227,513 bp (1 chromosome but no plasmid) with a G+C content of 70.13% that coded 3,091 protein-coding and 56 RNA genes. On the basis of these data, we propose the creation of Diaminobutyricimonas massiliensis sp. nov.

Published
2015

34. [Prevalence of nosocomial infections in two hospitals in Conakry (Guinea)]

Author

Alpha Kabinet, Keita, Naman, Doumbouya, Mamadou Saliou, Sow, Bintou, Konaté, Yacouba, Dabo, Daniel Agbo, Panzo, and Mamady, Keita

Subjects
Adult, Hospitals, University, Male, Cross Infection, Intensive Care Units, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Guinea
Abstract

Nosocomial infections can be prevented by applying simple hygiene rules. However, they have not been sufficiently studied in the Republic of Guinea. For this purpose, we conducted a one-day study in the Conakry University Hospital surgery wards and intensive care units.Fourteen units (12 surgical wards and 2 intensive care units) participated in the study.A total of 310 patients were included. A nosocomial infection was observed in 62 patients, [20%, 95%CI 15.9-24.8%]. Surgical site infections were significantly more frequent with 42/62 cases [67.7%, 95%CI 55.3-78.1%, p = 0.0001] than other types of infections (urinary tract, skin and digestive) with 20/62 cases [32.3% 95%CI 21.9-44.6%]. The average hospital stay of 29.1 ± 23.4 days [95%CI, 23.2 ± 35.04] for patients with nosocomial infection was significantly different (p = 0.0001) from that observed in patients without nosocomial infection: 15.9 ± 16.3 days [95%CI, 13.8 ± 17.9]. Staphylococcus aureus was the pathogen most commonly isolated: 32/62 (51.6%; 95%CI 39.5-63.6%). Escherichia coli infection was identified in the bladder catheters of 13 patients [20.9%, 95%CI 12.7-32.6%]. Finally, five deaths were observed among the 62 patients with nosocomial infection.This study shows that nosocomial infections are common in Conakry University Hospital. Further studies must be conducted to identify the risk factors for nosocomial infections and to propose solutions.

Published
2016

35. Development of a sensitive and specific serological assay based on Luminex technology for detection of antibodies to Zaire Ebola virus

Author

Florian Binetruy, Martine Peeters, Eric Delaporte, Abdoulaye Touré, Vincent Foulongne, Ahidjo Ayouba, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Christelle Butel, Saye, Anne-Cécile, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Donka National Hospital, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Viral protein, viruses, serology, Cross Reactions, Biology, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, recombinant proteins, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, Ebola virus, 0302 clinical medicine, VP40, Antigen, medicine, Luminex, Humans, Serologic Tests, 030212 general & internal medicine, Immunoassays, Antigens, Viral, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Outbreak, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Ebolavirus, Virology, 3. Good health, Nucleoprotein, 030104 developmental biology, Africa, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology.protein, France, Antibody
Abstract

The recent Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa illustrates clearly the need for additional studies with humans and animals to elucidate the ecology of Ebola viruses (EBVs). In this study, we developed a serological assay based on the Luminex technology. Nine recombinant proteins representing different viral regions (nucleoprotein [NP], 40-kDa viral protein [VP40], and glycoprotein [GP]) from four of the five EBV lineages were used. Samples from 94 survivors of the EBOV outbreak in Guinea and negative samples from 108 patients in France were used to calculate test performance for EBOV detection and cross-reaction with other Ebola virus lineages. For EBOV antibody detection, sensitivities of 95.7%, 96.8%, and 92.5% and specificities of 94.4%, 95.4%, and 96.3% for NP, GP, and VP40, respectively, were observed. All EBOV-negative samples that presented a reaction, except for one, interacted with a single antigen, whereas almost all samples from EBOV survivors were simultaneously reactive with NP and GP (90/94) or with NP, GP, and VP40 (87/94). Considering as positive for past EBOV infection only samples that reacted with EBOV NP and GP, sensitivity was 95.7% and specificity increased to 99.1%. Comparing results with commercial EBOV NP and GP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; Alpha Diagnostic, San Antonio, TX), lower sensitivity (92.5%) and high specificity (100%) were observed with the same positivity criteria. Samples from EBOV survivors cross-reacted with GP from Sudan Ebola virus (GP-SUDV) (81.9%), GP from Bundibugyo Ebola virus (GP-BDBV) (51.1%), GP from Reston Ebola virus (GP-RESTV) (9.6%), VP40-SUDV (76.6%), and VP40-BDBV (38.3%). Overall, we developed a sensitive and specific high-throughput serological assay, and defined an algorithm, for epidemiological surveys with humans.

Published
2016

36. Tropheryma whipplei as a cause of epidemic fever, Senegal, 2010-2012

Author

Oleg Mediannikov, Didier Raoult, Cheikh Sokhna, Pavel Ratmanov, Florence Fenollar, Cristina Socolovschi, Hubert Bassene, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, Tropheryma whipplei as a Cause of Epidemic Fever, Senegal, 2010–2012, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Child, bacteria, Original Research, fever, education.field_of_study, biology, Whipple disease, Whipple Disease, Senegal, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Tropheryma whipplei, epidemic fever, Child, Preschool, Female, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Adolescent, Genotype, 030106 microbiology, Population, Tropheryma, Typhoid fever, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Family, Serologic Tests, bacteremia, Epidemics, education, Research, lcsh:R, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia felis, Immunology, Malaria
Abstract

Findings suggest that the bacterium has role in febrile episodes, is contagious, and has an epidemic character., The bacterium Tropheryma whipplei, which causes Whipple disease in humans, is commonly detected in the feces of persons in Africa. It is also associated with acute infections. We investigated the role of T. whipplei in febrile patients from 2 rural villages in Senegal. During June 2010–March 2012, we collected whole-blood finger-prick samples from 786 febrile and 385 healthy villagers. T. whipplei was detected in blood specimens from 36 (4.6%) of the 786 febrile patients and in 1 (0.25%) of the 385 apparently healthy persons. Of the 37 T. whipplei cases, 26 (70.2%) were detected in August 2010. Familial cases and a potential new genotype were observed. The patients’ symptoms were mainly headache (68.9%) and cough (36.1%). Our findings suggest that T. whipplei is a cause of epidemic fever in Senegal.

Published
2016

37. High prevalence of Tropheryma whipplei in Lao kindergarten children

Author

Paul N. Newton, Bountoy Sibounheuang, Didier Raoult, Mayfong Mayxay, Florence Fenollar, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Koukeo Phommasone, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Oxford

Subjects
AFRICA, Veterinary medicine, SENEGAL, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Genotype, POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION, lcsh:RC955-962, Tropheryma, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, DISEASE, SALIVA, Tropheryma whipplei, Feces, Prevalence, Humans, Child, Genotyping, High prevalence, Schools, biology, Whipple Disease, STOOL, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Genetic Variation, lcsh:RA1-1270, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, Laos, WHIPPELII DNA, BACTERIUM, Child, Preschool, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Research Article
Abstract

Background Tropheryma whipplei is a bacterium commonly found in feces of young children in Africa, but with no data from Asia. We estimated the prevalence of T. whipplei carriage in feces of children in Lao PDR (Laos). Methods/Principal Findings Using specific quantitative real-time PCR, followed by genotyping for each positive specimen, we estimated the prevalence of T. whipplei in 113 feces from 106 children in Vientiane, the Lao PDR (Laos). T. whipplei was detected in 48% (51/106) of children. Those aged ≤4 years were significantly less frequently positive (17/52, 33%) than older children (34/54, 63%; p< 0.001). Positive samples were genotyped. Eight genotypes were detected including 7 specific to Laos. Genotype 2, previously detected in Europe, was circulating (21% of positive children) in 2 kindergartens (Chompet and Akad). Genotypes 136 and 138 were specific to Chompet (21% and 15.8%, respectively) whereas genotype 139 was specific to Akad (10.55%). Conclusions/Significance T. whipplei is a widely distributed bacterium, highly prevalent in feces of healthy children in Laos. Further research is needed to identify the public health significance of this finding., Author Summary Tropheryma whipplei is a common bacterium carried in feces of young children. Here, using specific PCR, we estimated the prevalence of T. whipplei in 113 feces from 106 children in Vientiane, the Lao PDR (Laos). T. whipplei was detected in 48% (51/106) of children. Eight genotypes were detected, including 7 specific to Laos. Genotype 2, previously detected in Europe, was circulating (21% of positive children) in 2 kindergartens (Chompet and Akad). Genotypes 136 and 138 were specific to Chompet (21% and 15.8%, respectively), whereas genotype 139 was specific to Akad (10.55%). Long regarded as a rare bacterium, now we can affirm that T. whipplei is a widely distributed bacterium, highly prevalent in feces including those from children in Vientiane.

Published
2015

38. Tropheryma whipplei in Senegal

Author

Didier Raoult, Oleg Mediannikov, Cheikh Sokhna, Adama Tall, Georges Diatta, Florence Fenollar, Hubert Bassene, and Alpha Kabinet Keita

Subjects
Tropheryma whipplei, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, lcsh:RC109-216, General Medicine, Biology, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Microbiology
Published
2014
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39. Tropheryma whipplei as a commensal bacterium

Author

Florence Fenollar, Didier Raoult, and Alpha Kabinet Keita

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), biology, Whipple Disease, Tropheryma, Disease, History, 20th Century, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Microbiology, Virology, History, 21st Century, Tropheryma whipplei, Carriage, medicine, Bacterial agent, Animals, Humans, Whipple's disease, Bacteria
Abstract

Tropheryma whipplei is the bacterial agent of the well-known and rare Whipple’s disease, mainly observed among Caucasians. This bacterium has recently been involved in other chronic and acute infections. For a long time, the only known source of the bacterium was patients with Whipple’s disease; however, thanks to the advent of molecular biology, T. whipplei has now been detected in specimens from healthy individuals, mainly in stool and saliva samples. The prevalence of carriage depends on several factors, such as age, exposure and geographical area, reaching 75% in stool specimens from children less than 4 years old in rural Africa. T. whipplei is a commensal bacterium that only causes Whipple’s disease in a subset of individuals, probably those with a still-uncharacterized specific immunological defect.

Published
2012

40. Intrafamilial Circulation ofTropheryma whipplei, France

Author

Alpha Kabinet Keita, Didier Raoult, Sylvain Buffet, and Florence Fenollar

Subjects
Male, Epidemiology, animal diseases, lcsh:Medicine, Serology, Feces, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Genotype, Prevalence, Child, bacteria, education.field_of_study, seroprevalence, biology, Whipple disease, Whipple Disease, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Tropheryma whipplei, Child, Preschool, Carrier State, Female, France, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Adolescent, Population, Tropheryma, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Young Adult, intrafamilial circulation, Humans, Seroprevalence, lcsh:RC109-216, Family, Saliva, education, Genotyping, Aged, Research, lcsh:R, Infant, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Case-Control Studies, Immunology
Abstract

High prevalence within families might reflect a specific immune condition., Tropheryma whipplei, which causes Whipple disease, has been detected in 4% of fecal samples from the general adult population of France. To identify T. whipplei within families, we conducted serologic and molecular studies, including genotyping, on saliva, feces, and serum from 74 relatives of 13 patients with classic Whipple disease, 5 with localized chronic T. whipplei infection, and 3 carriers. Seroprevalence was determined by Western blot and compared with 300 persons from the general population. We detected T. whipplei in 24 (38%) of 64 fecal samples and 7 (10%) of 70 saliva samples from relatives but found no difference between persons related by genetics and marriage. The same circulating genotype occurred significantly more often in families than in other persons. Seroprevalence was higher among relatives (23 [77%] of 30) than in the general population (143 [48%] of 300). The high prevalence of T. whipplei within families suggests intrafamilial circulation.

Published
2012

41. Tropheryma whipplei: a common bacterium in rural Senegal

Author

Florence Fenollar, Pavel Ratmanov, Hubert Bassene, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Didier Raoult, Cheikh Sokhna, Adama Tall, and Jean-François Trape

Subjects
Bacterial Diseases, Male, Rural Population, Serum, Disease, Serology, Cohort Studies, Feces, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Child, Aged, 80 and over, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Middle Aged, Senegal, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Carrier State, Medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, Water Microbiology, Actinomycetales Infections, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, Molecular Sequence Data, Tropheryma, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tropheryma whipplei, Young Adult, Emerging pathogen, medicine, Humans, Saliva, Aged, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, lcsh:RA1-1270, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Bacteremia, business, Bacteria
Abstract

Background Tropheryma whipplei is known as the cause of Whipple's disease, but it is also an emerging pathogen, detected in stool, that causes various chronic localized infections without histological digestive involvement and is associated with acute infections, including gastroenteritis and bacteremia. Methods/Principal Findings We conducted a study in 2008 and 2009 using 497 non-diarrheic and diarrheic stool samples, 370 saliva samples, 454 sera samples and 105 samples obtained from water samples in two rural Sine-Saloum villages (Dielmo and Ndiop) in Senegal. The presence of T. whipplei was investigated by using specific quantitative PCR. Genotyping was performed on positive samples. A serological analysis by western blotting was performed to determine the seroprevalence and to detect seroconversion. Overall, T. whipplei was identified in 31.2% of the stool samples (139/446) and 3.5% of the saliva samples (13/370) obtained from healthy subjects. The carriage in the stool specimens was significantly (p, Author Summary Tropheryma whipplei is known as the cause of Whipple's disease. It is also an emerging pathogen, detected in stool that causes various chronic localized infections without histological digestive involvement and is associated with acute infections, including gastroenteritis and bacteremia. We have studied the presence of T. whipplei on non-diarrheic and diarrheic stool samples, saliva samples, and sera samples in two rural Sine-Saloum villages (Dielmo and Ndiop) in Senegal. T. whipplei was identified in 31.2% of the stool samples and 3.5% of the saliva samples from healthy subjects. The carriage in the stool specimens was higher in children who were between 0 and 4 years old (75%) compared to samples obtained from individuals between 5 to 10 (30.2%) or between 11 and 99 (17.4%). The carriage in the stool was also more common in subjects with diarrhea (49%). We identified 22 different genotypes of T. whipplei. Only one genotype was common to both villages. Among the specific genotypes, one was epidemic in Dielmo and another in Ndiop. The seroprevalence was estimated at 72.8%. T. whipplei is a common bacterium in the Sine-Saloum area of rural Senegal that is contracted early in childhood. Epidemic genotypes suggest a human transmission of the bacterium.

Published
2011

42. Tropheryma whipplei prevalence strongly suggests human transmission in homeless shelters

Author

Sékéné Badiaga, Florence Fenollar, Didier Raoult, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Pavel Ratmanov, Philippe Brouqui, and Samir Benkouiten

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), biology, business.industry, Tropheryma, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, law.invention, Microbiology, Tropheryma whipplei, Transmission (mechanics), Infectious Diseases, law, Ill-Housed Persons, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, France, Seasons, business, Whipple Disease
Published
2013
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43. Ebola virus circulation in a non‐epidemic Guinean rural area: A mixed‐method approach to assessing endemicity

Author

Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou, Fréderic Le Marcis, Djiba Kaba, Maladho Diaby, Abdoul-Karim Soumah, Haby Diallo, Guillaume Thaurignac, Saidouba Cherif Camara, Ahidjo Ayouba, Martine Peeters, Alpha-Kabinet Keita, Eric Delaporte, and Abdoulaye Touré

Subjects
Ebola virus disease, Seroprevalence, Guinea rural population, Outbreak, Surveillance strategies, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of orthoebolavirus antibodies in Madina Oula, a non-epidemic rural area in Guinea, in 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 14 to April 3, 2022 involving recording household and socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle data, and collecting dried blood spots from 878 individuals in 235 households. Dried blood spots were tested using multiplex serology to detect antibodies to different orthoebolaviruses: Ebola virus, Bundibugyo virus, Sudan virus, Reston virus, and Bombali virus. Seroprevalence was estimated with a 95% confidence interval and a Z-test was performed to compare the seropositivity between children aged under 15 years and those over 15 years. Household and participant characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistic, and socio-historical conditions were discussed. Results: The serological analysis conducted in 2022 on 878 participants revealed varying reactivity to orthoebolavirus antigens, notably, with glycoprotein antigens, particularly, glycoprotein Sudan virus (16%). A total of 21 samples exhibited reactivity with at least two antigens, with a median age of 27 years (interquartile range 10.00-35.00), ranging from 2 to 80 years. There is no significant difference between seropositivity in children aged under 15 (2.86%) years and those over 15 (2.14%) years. The antibody presence varied per village, with the highest prevalence observed in Ouassou and Dar-es-Salam. Conclusions: Serological data in a region unaffected by recent Ebola outbreaks indicate possible orthoebolavirus endemicity, emphasizing the need for preparedness against known or novel orthoebolaviruses with potential cross-reactivity.

Published
2024
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44. Exploratory analysis of the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of healthcare workers about arboviruses in the context of surveillance in the Republic of Guinea.

Author

Salifou Talassone Bangoura, Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou, Sidikiba Sidibé, Saidouba Cherif Camara, Aminata Mbaye, Marie-Marie Olive, Alioune Camara, Alexandre Delamou, Alpha-Kabinet Keita, Eric Delaporte, Nagham Khanafer, and Abdoulaye Touré

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundThe escalating risk and contemporary occurrences of arbovirus infections prompt a critical inquiry into the ability of nations to execute efficient surveillance systems capable to detect, prevent and respond to arbovirus outbreaks. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the major actors in the surveillance of infectious diseases with epidemic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of HCWs regarding arboviruses in the public health facilities of Conakry, Guinea.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted during the from December 27, 2022, to January 31, 2023, encompassing from public health facilities in Conakry. The data collection process encompassed various aspects, including the characteristics of health facilities, socio-demographic and professional attributes of HCWs, the information received concerning arboviruses and the sources of information, as well as a series of inquiries designed to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. Subsequently, scores were computed for knowledge, attitude and perception. To identify the factors influencing the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HCWs regarding arboviruses, Decision Tree and Inference Conditional Tree models were used.ResultsA total of 352 HCWs participated in the study, comprising 219 from national hospitals, 72 from municipal hospitals and 61 from primary health centers. More than half of the respondents (54.3%) had never received information on arboviruses. Only 1% of the respondents had good knowledge about arboviruses, 95.7% had a negative attitude about arboviruses. Moreover, nearly 60% of the respondents had a moderate perception and 24.1% had a good perception. The analysis revealed significant associations between the knowledge and attitudes of respondents concerning arboviruses and their years of professional experience and age.ConclusionThis study highlights the imperative requirement for comprehensive training targeting HCWs to enhance their capacity for early case detection within healthcare facilities. Additionally, there is a crucial need for analogous studies adopting a mixed-methods approach across all healthcare regions in Guinea.

Published
2023
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45. Self-medication against COVID-19 in health workers in Conakry, Guinea

Author

Abdoulaye Toure, Saidouba C. Camara, Alioune Camara, Mamoudou Conde, Alexandre Delamou, Ibrahima Camara, Salifou T. Bangoura, Alimou Camara, Mamadou B. Diallo, Mamadou B. Keita, Kaba Kourouma, Robert Camara, Jean-Francois Etard, and Alpha-Kabinet Keita

Subjects
sars cov-2, self-medication, covid-19, health workers, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Data regarding the prevalence and consequences of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa are very limited. The study aimed to explore the frequency and risk factors of self-medication against COVID-19 by health personnel in this study. This cross-sectional study took place in June 2021, in Conakry, in the all three national hospitals and the six community medical centers, and five primary health centers. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with self-medication. A total of 975 health workers with a median age of 31 (IQR: 27-40) years, with 504 (51.7%) women were included. The majority were clinicians: physicians (33.1%) or nurses (33.1%). Of all, 46.2% reported having had at least one COVID-19 symptom during the 12 months preceding the survey. The proportion of self-medication was 15.3% among national hospital staff, 12.20% in municipality medical centers and 22.6% in primary health centers (p=0.06). More than two-thirds (68.7%) who selfmedicated did not have a test for SARSCoV- 2 infection. They took antibiotics including azithromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin (42.2%), acetaminophen (37.4%), vitamin C (27.9%), hydroxychloroquine (23.8%) and medicinal plants (13.6%). The median duration of self-medication was 4 days. Fatigue or asthenia, sore throat, loss of smell and sore throat of a close person were independently associated with selfmedication. Health care workers largely practiced self-medication during the Covid pandemic and without diagnostic testing. The results suggest the need for training and sensitization of medical personnel to avoid the consequences of the molecules used, including hepatotoxicity and antibiotic resistance.

Published
2022
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