Search

Purpose: To compare functional and anatomic outcome of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) treatments in neovascular age-related macular degeneration by using the treat and extend (TE) protocol.Methods: In this retrospective chart study, treatment naïve 74 eyes of 74 age-related macular degeneration patients treated with IVR and IVA (38 eyes in IVR and 36 eyes in IVA group) with TE protocol were included. Following three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections, TE protocol was applied to each group. Patients were followed up for at least 36 months. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macula thickness (CMT) and injection numbers over 3 years were compared.Results: Among 36 months period, the mean number of injections was 17 ± 4 for both groups (p > 0.05). In terms of CMT, there was no statistically significant difference between groups at 36 months compared to baseline. A decrease of 72.55 ± 39.37 μm in CMT was detected in IVR group, whereas the decrease was 70.58 ± 33.96 μm in IVA group (p > 0.05). There was a significant increase in BCVA at 36 months of measurements. In addition, BCVA demonstrated an increase of 4.1 ± 0.44 letters in IVR group and 4.36 ± 0.67 letters in IVA group after 36 months compared to the baseline (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Both IVR and IVA injections provided significant improvements and stability in BCVA and CMT, however there was no significant difference between IVR and IVA injections with TE protocol of 36 months.

Objectives: Spina bifida is one of the most common congenital diseases in Turkey and around the world. Despite the developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods, abnormal ocular characteristicsin spina bifida patients are still quite common. We investigated the ocular characteristics of spina bifida patients with and without hydrocephalus.Methods: We included 37 patients who were previously referred to the Istanbul Bilim University, Department of Ophthalmology and already had computed tomography (CT) scans. We retrospectively investigated the patients’ ophthalmologic findings (refractive errors, strabismus, and optic disc characteristics) and used their recent CT images to measure the Evans ratios (ERs), which indirectly reflect the grade of hydrocephalus. The patients were divided into three groups according to their ERs (ER ≤ 0.3, 0.3-0.5, and ≥ 0.5), and then the ocular characteristics of these groups were compared. In addition, the patients were divided into three groups according to their ages ( ≤ 1 year, 1-3 years, and ≥ 3 years), and the ERs and rates of refraction defects in these groups were compared.Results: There was no relationship between specific ocular characteristics and ER or between age and ER. However, refraction errors were observed more fr equently as patient age increased.Conclusions: The degree of hydrocephalus does not affect the ocular characteristics of patients with spina bifida, but emmetropization may be deteriorated in these patients.

The area of investigation is located on the south-eastern shore of Lake Van in Eastern Turkey where a destructive earthquake took place on 23rd October, 2011 (Mw = 7.1). Following the earthquake, different source mechanisms, deformations, and types of faulting have been suggested by different scientists. In this research, Edremit district and vicinities located on the southern side of Van have been investigated to understand the deformation pattern in a travertine (400 ka) formation on the surface, and its structural and stratigraphic relationships with the main faults under the surface by using two-dimensional (2D) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profiles. The results were used to document the deformation pattern of rocks with the Miocene and the Holocene (400 ka travertine) in ages. By means of the investigations, deformation patterns implying the tectonic regimes during the Oligocene–Miocene–Pliocene, and Quaternary time have been determined. According to detailed field work, the local principal stress direction has been defined as approximately N 35° W. This is also supported by the joint set and slip-plane data. Moreover, Oligocene– Miocene units provide a similar principal stress direction. Our data suggest that the southern part of the Elmalık fault is characteristic of reverse faults rather than of the normal fault system that has been previously reported. In addition, the Gürpınar fault controlling the deformation patterns of the region is a reverse fault with dextral component.

Aim: We modified conventional 2-snip punctoplasty to ease procedure and to perform with simple equipment which is widely accessible in the operation rooms. Methods: This new procedure has been performed to 10 eyes of 6 patients. After the appropriate width has been provided, a 27G anterior chamber cannula which is actually manufactured for cataract surgery was inserted to punctum and pushed forward 2 mm vertically and 1 mm horizontally. After that, the surgeon exposed the tip of cannulas by opening conjunctiva with conjunctival scissors (Westcott Conjunctival Scissors) from the projection site of the tip of the cannula. The Rycroft cannula is used for better guidance for canaliculus anatomy instead of lacrimal cannulas. After canaliculus was hanged with the cannula, a conjunctival incision was made from the entrance of cannula to the punctum towards the point where the cannula exposed from conjunctiva via Westcott scissors. In the next step, two sides of the formed flap were held with toothed forceps orderly and were removed by cutting with conjunctival scissors. Results: After 6 month follow-up, none of the patients complained with epiphora and satisfied with the surgery. All participants have been defined with the presence of Grade 3-5 punctal aperture with the references of Punctum Size Grading by Slit-Lamp Examination. Conclusion: In this article, we could apply this method to a very limited number of patients and our follow-up (6 months) is relatively short to claim the re-stenosis ratio but in the immediate postoperative period, we didn’t encounter any re-stenosis., Amaç: Bu çalışmada, yaygın olarak bulunan ameliyat aletleri ile yapılabilmesi ve daha kolay uygulanabilmesi amacıyla, geleneksel 2-kesili punktoplasti ameliyatının bir modifikasyonunu tanımladık.Yöntemler: Bu yeni operasyon tekniği 6 hastanın 10 gözüne uygulandı. Punktumda yeterli genişlik oluşturulduktan sonra, katarakt operasyonu için üretilmiş olan 27G ön kamara kanülü punktuma yerleştirildi, 2 mm dikey ve 1 mm yatay düzlemde ilerletildi. Daha sonra, kanülün konjonktivaya izdüşümünden Westcott konjonktiva makasıyla kesi yapılarak kanül ucu dışarı çıkarıldı. Kanalikül Rycroft kanülü ile asıldıktan sonra punktum ile konjonktivadan çıkan kanül arasına kesi yapıldı. Daha sonra, oluşturulan flep dişli penset ile tutulup konjonktiva makasıyla kesilerek operasyona son verildi. Bulgular: 6 aylık takip sonrasında hiçbir hastada epifora şikayetine rastlanmadı. Tüm hastalarda punktum büyüklüğü evreleme sistemine göre evre 3 ile 5 arasında açıklık bulunduğu görüldü.Sonuç: Bu makalede tanımladığımız operasyon oldukça sınırlı sayıda hastaya yapılmıştır. Ayrıca kontrol süremiz (6ay) tekrar tıkanma oranını belirlemekte kısa sayılabilecek bir süredir. Ancak bu sürede hiçbir hastada yeniden tıkanma olmaması umut vadedicidir.

Objective: To investigate the various ocular findings associated with spina bifida. Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective study which included 122 patients (56 female patients and 66 male patients) with spina bifida who were referred to Ophthalmology Department forophthalmologic evaluation between 2015 and 2017. All patients had shunt replacement surgery byNeurosurgery Department before the ophthalmic examinations. Results: Results of the Hirschbergand cover tests showed that 49 (40.5%) patients had strabismus and 72 (59.5%) patients did not havestrabismus. The mean spherical equivalent refraction was +1±2.01 D in the right eyes and+1.12±1.97D in the left eyes. The mean astigmatism was-1.04±0.92 D in the right eyes and-1.08±0.95 D in the lefteyes. Hypermetropia was common (80%) among the patients with esotropia in the left eye, myopia wascommon (75%) among the patients with exotropia in the left eye. There was a statistically significantrelationship between the spherical equivalent refraction of the left eye and strabismus type(X2=5.695; p=0.045). Funduscopic examination detected unilateral optic atrophy in three (2.5%) patients, bilateral optic atrophy in six (4.9%) patients, and bilateral papilledema in three (2.5%) patients. Strabismus was more common in patients with fundus abnormalities (n=8, 66.7%).Conclusions: Ocular findings such as strabismus and refractory error are very common in patientswith spina bifida. Therefore, these patients should be followed up closely after birth for abnormalocular findings by a team of ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons. Amaç: Spina bifidalı hastalarda görülen çeşitli oftalmik bulguların sıklığını değerlendirmek Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma 2015-2017 yılları arasında oftalmolojik muayene amaçlı Oftalmoloji Departmanı'na refere edilmiş 122 hastayı (56 kadın, 66 erkek) içeren retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Tüm hastalar oftalmolojik muayene öncesi Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi Departmanı tarafından şant replasmanı uygulanmış hastalardır. Bulgular: Hirschberg ve kapama testinde 49 (40.5%) hastada kayma saptanmış, 72 (%59,5) hastada kayma saptanmamıştır. Ortalama sferik ekivalan sağ gözlerde +1±2,01 D, sol gözlerde+1,12±1,97 D olarak saptanmıştır. Ortalama astigmatizma sağ gözlerde - 1,04±0,92 D, sol gözlerde -1,08±0,95 D olarak bulunmuştur. Sol gözlerde ezotropyası olan hastalarda hipermetropi (%80) oranı yüksekti, ekzotropyası olan hastalarda ise miyopi (%75) oranı yüksekti. Sol gözlerde sferik ekivalan refraksiyonu ve kayma tipi arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (X2 =5,695; p=0,045). Fundus incelemesinde 3 hastada (%2,5) tek taraflı optik atrofi, 6 (%4,9) hastada çift taraflı optik atrofi, 3 (%2,5) hastada çift taraflı papilödem saptanmıştır. Anormal fundus bulgusu olan hastalarda olmayanlara göre kayma daha sıktı (n=8, %66,7). Sonuç: Kayma, refraktif bozukluklar gibi göz bulguları spina bifidalı hastalarda oldukça sık görülmektedir. Bu hastalar anormal göz bulguları açısından doğumdan itibaren oftalmologlar ile beyin ve sinir cerrahlarından oluşan bir ekip tarafından yakından takip edilmelidir.

PurposeTo evaluate effects of intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab administration on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) recordings in normotensive patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Patients and methodsA total of 72 patients (mean age: 61.8(6.2) years, 52.8% were females) diagnosed with AMD were included in this study as divided into ranibizumab (n=34) and bevacizumab (n=38) treatment groups. Twenty-four hour, nighttime, and daytime ABMP values for systolic and diastolic BP were recorded in study groups before and after the third intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or bevacizumab.ResultsRanibizumab injection had no impact on ABPM recordings and dipping status. In the bevacizumab group, increased daytime (129.0(6.6) vs 127.7(6.6) mm Hg, P=0.002) and nighttime systolic (116.9(7.5) vs 112.6(7.1) mmHg, p0.001) BP and decreased daytime diastolic (80.1(6.5) vs 82.4(6.1)mm Hg, P=0.001) BP were noted in the post-injection period. Also, percentage of non-dippers was significantly increased from 5.3% at pre-injection to 28.9% (P=0.004) at the post-injection period.ConclusionIn conclusion, given that it has no significant impact on ABPM recordings and dipping status, in our study, intravitreal ranibizumab injection may be the better choice in the management of AMD.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of multiple intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injections on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).One hundred sixty-eight eyes of 168 patients with nAMD who received an IVR at least 3 times were included in this prospective interventional case series. The RNFL thickness data on 80 healthy eyes, used as the control group, were obtained. The patients were grouped as follows: 3-10 injections (group 1, 62 eyes, 37%), 10-20 injections (group 2, 62 eyes, 37%), and ≥20 injections (group 3, 44 eyes, 26%). The RNFL thickness was measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.The mean baseline measurement of the RNFL thickness was 97.4 ± 6.4 μm in the control group, 96.4 ± 5.6 μm in group 1, 93.8 ± 4.6 μm in group 2, and 93.2 ± 5.3 μm in group 3. At the last follow-up, it was 95.1 ± 2.4 μm in the control group, 93.4 ± 7.3 μm in group 1, 90.5 ± 3.6 μm in group 2, and 89.2 ± 4.9 μm in group 3 (all P values0.050). A statistically significant difference was not found between the mean total RNFL thickness of the eyes that received injections and that of the eyes in the healthy control group (P value0.050). A statistically significant difference was not found in all the treatment groups between the intraocular pressure level taken 1 day after the administration of the injections and that recorded preintervention (all P values0.050).Repeated IVR did not lead to a significant change in RNFL thickness in patients with nAMD.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the role of complement factor H (CFH) in response to intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatment, which is administered to patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Methods: In this retrospective study, 90 nAMD patients' 90 eyes were evaluated. IVR was injected once a month for three consecutive months, and then, patients were followed up for five years by using pro re nata method.Results: Average visual acuity (BCVA) values in TT group for the third, fourth and fifth years were found to be significantly higher than those in TC and CC groups, while average BCVA values in TC group were significantly higher than those in CC group (all p = .000 < .0167).Conclusion: Patients with CFH TT genotype responded significantly better to treatment after third year, while patients with CC genotype had a poorer response to IVR. WOS: 000440751300024 28471284 Q2

AIM: To investigate the place of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in the diagnosis of and prognosis for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: One hundred AMD patients and 100 healthy controls were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained from the venous blood, which is used for routine analysis, and these samples were subjected to complete blood count. NLR was defined as the neutrophil count divided by the number of lymphocytes, and PLR was defined as the platelet count divided by the number of lymphocytes. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups under consideration in terms of demographic features (P>0.05). The average NLR in the patient group was found to be significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P

Pepper spray is used both by civilians and by law enforcement. Burning sensation occurs when exposed to skin, pain and temporary blindness occurs when exposed to the eyes. This study focused on the effect of pepper spray on lacrimal tear production and subsequently on corneal sensitivity in a large group after an intense exposure.Ninety-six people who were exposed to pepper spray during the Gezi park protests volunteered. Subjects were asked if they wore any protective goggles and if they irrigated their eyes after exposure. They were asked to record their symptoms regarding dry eye in a standardized questionnaire. Schirmer I and II tests were performed.Eighty-two people wore protective goggles during exposure, whereas 14 people did not have any protection. Both Schirmer results in unprotected subjects were significantly lower than that in protected subjects. Schirmer I and II results of unprotected subjects were not statistically different, whereas they were statistically different in protected subjects. Thirty-five percent of unprotected subjects and 24% of protected subjects expressed symptoms of dry eye.The active ingredient of pepper spray is oleoresin capsicum. It is randomly diffused to polymodal nerve terminals, leading to opening of non-selective cationic channels and block neuronal transmission. The lower results of both Schirmer in unprotected group emphasize the importance of a protective Google glass around the eyes during exposal, serving as a barrier minimalizing the contact of the spray with the eyes. The combination of the low results and lack of symptoms could suggest that corneal reflex lacrimation in our subjects was not abundant enough. The findings of this study could not fully represent long term findings but it could be assumed that our findings could be indicative of the sensory denervation and alterations demonstrated in studies investigating the long term effects of oleoresin capsicum.

In the Thrace Peninsula, Neogene units were deposited in two areas, the Enez Basin in the south and the Thrace Basin in the north. In the southwesternmost part of the peninsula, upper lowerlower upper Miocene continental to shallow marine clastics of the Enez Formation formed under the influence of the Aegean extensional regime. During the last stage of the transpressional activity of the NW-trending right-lateral strikeslip BalkanThrace Fault, which had controlled the initial early middle Eocene deposition in the Thrace Basin, a mountainous region extending from Bulgaria eastwards to the northern Thrace Peninsula of Turkey developed. A river system carried erosional clasts of the metamorphic basement southwards into the limnic depositional areas of the Thrace Basin during middle Miocene time. Deposition of fluvial, lacustrine, and terrestrial strata of the Ergene Formation, which conformably and transitionally overlie the Enez Formation, began in the late middle Miocene in the southwest part and in the late Miocene in the north-northeast part of the basin. Activity along the NE-trending right-lateral strikeslip faults (the XanthiThrace Fault Zone) extending from northeast Greece northeastwards through the Thrace Peninsula of Turkey to the southern shelf of the western Black Sea Basin began during the middle Miocene in the northern Aegean, at the beginning of the late Miocene in the southwest part, and at the end of the late Miocene in the northeast part of the Thrace region. Although the Neogene deposits in the Thrace Basin were evaluated as the products of a northerly fault, our data indicate that the NW-trending northerly fault zone became effective only during the initial stage of the basin development. The later stage deposition in the basin was controlled by the NE-trending XanthiThrace Fault Zone, and the deposits of this basin progressively evolved north/northeastwards during the late Miocene. During the late early Miocenelate Miocene interval, extension within the Thrace region was part of the more regional Aegean extensional realm, but from latest Miocene time, it has been largely decoupled from the Aegean extensional realm to the south.

BACKGROUND To evaluate combination treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab injection and reduced fluence photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization associated with angioid streaks. METHODS This is an interventional case series of 10 previously untreated eyes of 10 patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks. All eyes were treated with reduced fluence photodynamic therapy using 25 J/cm, immediately followed by intravitreal ranibizumab injection at baseline, and subsequent injections were performed on an as-needed basis thereafter. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography findings. RESULTS After 12 months of follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity improved by >2 lines in 6 eyes (60%), remained within 2 lines of baseline in 3 eyes (30%), and decreased by ≥ 3 lines in only 1 eye (10%). The mean central foveal thickness decreased significantly from 332.2 μm at baseline to 235.7 μm at the last follow-up (P < 0.001), as measured by optical coherence tomography. CONCLUSION The preliminary results of this prospective study indicate that combination treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab injection and reduced fluence photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization associated with angioid streaks seems to be effective in reducing or eliminating retinal edema, regression of neovascularization, and improving or stabilizing visual acuity without any complications. Large controlled studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of this combination regimen.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% with brimonidine 0.2% in preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations after neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy.In this prospective, randomized, double-masked study, 195 eyes of 195 consecutive patients who had YAG laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification were recruited. Eyes received either 1 drop of bimatoprost 0.03% (98 patients) or brimonidine 0.2% (97 patients) at 1h before laser surgery. A masked observer measured IOP by Goldmann applanation tonometry before treatment and after treatment at 1h, 3h, 24h, and 7 days. Inflammation was evaluated after surgery. Formation of cystoid macular edema was assessed by measuring the macular thickness before and after laser surgery.The average peak of postoperative IOP elevation was 2.2±3.9mm Hg in the bimatoprost 0.03% and 3.6±3.1mm Hg in the brimonidine 0.2% group. The difference was statistically significant (P0.001). Postoperative IOP elevations of 10mm Hg or more occurred in 1 eye (1.56%) in the bimatoprost 0.03% group and 5 eyes (7.35%) in the brimonidine 0.2%. This difference was statistically significant (P0.001). Macular edema and anterior chamber reaction were not observed related to bimatoprost. No clinically significant side effects were noted in either group.Our results indicate that prophylactic use of bimatoprost 0.03% is more effective than brimonidine 0.2% in preventing IOP elevation immediately after YAG laser capsulotomy. Bimatoprost 0.03% as a prostamide analog may provide new option for preventing IOP elevation after YAG laser capsulotomy.

To evaluate and determine the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab in treatment of persistent central serous chorioretinopathy.This prospective, comparative clinical study included 30 eyes of 30 patients with persistent, symptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy of 3 months' duration or more. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients were treated with intravitreal injections of 2.5 mg (0.1 ml) bevacizumab (treatment group). Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with the same characteristics who declined treatment were an acceptable control group. The visual and anatomic responses were observed with best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness measured by optic coherence tomography at baseline,1, 3, and 6 months after treatment.Twelve (80%) eyes in the treatment group compared with 8 (53.3%) eyes in the control group showed morphologic restitution at 6 months (P0.01). All 15 (100%) treated eyes had stable or improved vision, compared with 10 (66.6%) eyes in the control group (P0.01). At 6 months, the mean +/- SD central foveal thickness for the treatment group remained significantly lower compared to the control group, with 174 +/- 68 microm and 297 +/- 172 microm, respectively (P0.001). Injection-related complications were not encountered.Our results indicate that intravitreal bevacizumab injection may be a new, promising treatment option for select patients with idiopathic persistent central serous chorioretinopathy. Continued studies with intravitreal bevacizumab in this population will help to establish its long-term efficacy.

To report and evaluate the anatomic, clinical, and visual acuity response after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injection in patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP).This study included 30 eyes of 30 patients with RP who had persistent CME at least 6 months despite medication with acetazolamide. Fifteen eyes of 15 eligible patients were treated with 0.5 mg IVR injection (treatment group). Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with the same characteristics who refused treatment were accepted as control group. The primary outcome of the study (morphologic restitution) was the complete or significant resolution of cystoid space on optic coherence tomography (OCT) without relapse or complication at 6 months. The serial changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were measured.Thirteen eyes (86.6%) in the treatment group had significant resolution of CME at 6 months after single IVR injection. The difference between the 2 groups in BCVA was not statistically significant (P0.05). The baseline mean +/- SD CFT for the treatment and control groups were 478 +/- 88 microm and 469 +/- 75 microm, respectively (P0.05). At 6 months after treatment, the mean +/- SD CFT of the treatment group improved to 272 +/- 65 microm whereas that in the control group was 480 +/- 92 microm (P0.001).This investigation indicated that IVR may provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of CME secondary to RP. No adverse event was found to be associated with the treatment. Continued experience with IVR in this population will help establish its longer-term efficacy.

To report the effects of simultaneous intravitreal and intracameral injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab (Avastin) in 15 neovascular glaucoma (NVG) cases secondary to iris and/or angle neovascularization.The study included 15 eyes of 15 patients (seven women, eight men) with NVG secondary to central retinal vein occlusions (CRVO) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Eight eyes had had CRVO and seven PDR prior to NVG. The severity of neovascularization and peripheric anterior synechiae (PAS) was scored from mild (+) to severe (+++). A total dose of 1.25 mg bevacizumab in 0.05 mL was injected into the vitreous cavity and the same dose of bevacizumab into anterior chamber by sterile 30-gauge needle.After treatment neovascularizations on iris and angle were completely resolved 36 h after injection in all patients. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was decreased under 22 mmHg in six cases without any medication. Six cases need medical treatment to achieve appropriate IOP level. Surgical procedure was necessary in three patients who persist high IOP levels despite completely resolved neovascularizations.Simultaneous intravitreal and intracameral injection of bevacizumab can cause an immediate regression of neovascularization secondary to PDR or CRVO and could be an useful adjuvant to prevent dense PAS formation that lead to persistent IOP increasing.

To evaluate and report the effectiveness, visual, anatomical, and clinical outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).Our prospective study included 13 eyes of 7 patients (4 women and 3 men) in the age range of 25-69 years (mean 44.14 years) with cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to RP. Intravitreal bevacizumab at a dose of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml was injected via a 28-gauge needle. The response rate to treatment was monitored functionally by visual acuity assessment and anatomically using the optical coherence tomography.The baseline mean central macular thickness was 370.15 microm (range 245-603 microm. The central macular thickness decreased to 142.53 microm (range 124-168 microm) after bevacizumab injections. The pre- and post-treatment visual acuity ranges were 5/400-20/100 and 20/200-20/63, respectively.Our data reveal that intravitreal bevacizumab administration is effective for the treatment of CME in RP. Further studies with a larger population and longer follow-up period are warranted to assess the efficacy of the treatment.

A magnitude of 7.1 Mw earthquake struck Van city on October 23, 2011. Although, construction practices of all rural housing units are similar in the region, the earthquake caused massive damage to villages located on soft soils in northern region of the city. In this study, the effects of soil conditions on damaged housing units were determined by conducting horizontal to vertical spectral ratios of microtremor (HVSR) measurements. The level of damage in the villages that are settled on lacustrine and stream sediments has verified that the damage correlates well with comparatively high HVSR peak period and HVSR peak amplitude values in the range of 0.2–1.6 s and 4–10, respectively. The HVSR peak period and HVSR peak amplitude levels on rock units are in the range of 0.1–0.2 s and 1.5–2, respectively. It is important to note that hillside effect is found to be another key factor that increased the level of damage to the housing units in some villages.

We report central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in a patient with Susac syndrome. The diagnosis of Susac syndrome was based on the results of funduscopy, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and audiometric testing. Our case demonstrates that possible choroidal involvement in Susac syndrome may lead to the development of CSC. (C) 2015 by North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

Purpose: To report a case of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) as a possible complication of latanoprost treatment.Methods: A 65-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of blurred vision and metamorphopsia in her right eye. She was previously diagnosed with unilateral glaucoma, and treatment was initiated with topical latanoprost 0.005% for the right eye. The symptoms occurred 1 month after initiation of glaucoma treatment.Results: Visual acuity (VA) of the patient had reduced to 20/50 in right eye. Fluorescein angiography revealed a focal RPE leak near to the fovea with neurosensory detachment due to CSC, which was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. After cessation of the therapy, her clinical and morphological status improved spontaneously. The neurosensory detachment resolved almost completely and VA improved to 20/20 simultaneously.Conclusions: The authors report the first case of CSC associated with latonoprost therapy. This case demonstrates that topical latanoprost may lead to t...

The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), a complex of cerebral disorders including headache, seizures, visual disturbances, is associated with a variety of conditions in which blood pressure rises acutely. Arterial hypertension can occur in systemic administration of bevacizumab. A few cases of systemic injection of bevazicumab-induced PRES have been reported. In this article, we first report on a patient who developed PRES following intravitreal bevazicumab.

To determine the short-term effect of intravitreal bevacizumab administration on systemic blood pressure levels of patients and to evaluate the safety of the drug in these patients. Study population was divided into two groups: group A comprised patients who had hypertension and were under medication with antihypertensive drugs; group B comprised patients with normal blood pressure and were not under medication with antihypertensive drugs. All patients were graded according to their blood pressure levels before single dose of bevacizumab (0.05 ml; 1.25 mg) injection, and at day 1 and weeks 1, 3, and 6 thereafter. The blood pressure levels were analysed using repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA). A P-value of

Purpose To describe and report the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) as primary treatment for secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) after choroidal rupture due to blunt-head trauma. Design Interventional case report. Methods The study was of the left eye of a patient who presented with choroidal neovascularization secondary to choroidal rupture due to blunt-head trauma. The patient received single intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg (0.05 ml) bevacizumab as treatment for CNV after informed consent was signed. The patient underwent fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) and optic coherence tomography (OCT) before the bevacizumab injection and then again three months after. Visual acuity was also measured before and after treatment. The patient was re-examined on the first day, and monthly thereafter. After intravitreal injection of bevacizumab the visual and anatomic responses were observed. Results The patient showed regression of the neovascularization three months after injection of bevacizumab. There was no loss of vision in the immediate postoperative period and at the 3rd month vision improved from 20/60 to 20/20. Central retinal thickness decreased. No cataract progression, endophthalmitis, or injection-related complications were observed. Conclusions Our study shows that intravitreal 1.25 mg bevacizumab can be an effective alternative treatment for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to choroidal rupture.

Retinal artery occlusions are usually the result of emboli, although non-embolic causes such as vasculitides, coagulopathies, and vasospasms resulting from migraines and inflammatory conditions do occur. Bevacizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody, is designed to bind to and inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is a protein that plays a critical role in tumour angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels to the tumour. The use of bevacizumab has spread worldwide, but the drug related adverse events associated with its use have been reported in a few retrospective reviews. We report on a previously unpublished case of retinal artery occlusion following the use of systemic bevacizumab.