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Commiphora gileadensis is a small tree belonging to the Burseraceae family. Previously, it was used in the treatment of symptoms such as fever and cough. Recently, several studies showed that Commiphora gileadensis promoted antibacterial activity for many Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Commiphora gileadensis methanolic extract on mice liver, heart and kidney after treatment with mixture of toxins. Forty Balb/c mice were randomly classified into four groups; normal control, Commiphora gileadensis, toxins, and Commiphora gileadensis + toxins. The weight of each mouse was obtained before the experiment began, after four weeks, and at the end of the experiment. After eight weeks, the blood samples were collected from each mouse for a complete blood count (CBC) as well as liver, kidney, and cardiac function tests. Moreover, the liver, kidney, and heart homogenates were obtained for the measurement of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological examination was done for the liver, heart, and kidney of each mouse. The Commiphora gileadensis group showed a significant increase in weight after four weeks and at the end of the experiment compared with the control group (p < 0.01). The liver and cardiac function test results were significantly reduced in the Commiphora gileadensis + toxins group compared with the toxin group (p < 0.05). Moreover, LPO levels significantly decreased in the Commiphora gileadensis + toxins group compared with the toxin group in the liver, kidney, and heart homogenates (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), while GSH and GSH-Px significantly increased in the Commiphora gileadensis + toxins group compared with the toxin group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). A histopathological study showed that Commiphora gileadensis restores the normal morphology of the liver, kidney, and heart after treatment with a mixture of toxins. The Commiphora gileadensis methanolic extract restores liver, kidney, and cardiac function as well as their normal architecture after treatment with a mixture of toxins as a result of its antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of Commiphora gileaden-sis methanolic extract on mice treated with mixture of toxins (acetaminophen, gentamicin and Nerium oleander ethanolic extract). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure of water to a magnetic field increases its solubility, conductivity, and mineral content. Previous studies have shown that magnetized water can cause weight gain, increase milk production, and help treat diseases in livestock. This study aimed to evaluate magnetized water's antioxidant activity in oxidatively stressed mice by Nerium oleander ethanolic extract. Forty 6- to 8-week-old Blab/c mice were classified into four groups: control, magnetized water, Nerium oleander, and magnetized water plus Nerium oleander. The weight of each mouse was measured at the beginning of the experiment, after 3 and 6 weeks, and at the end of the experiment. After 6 weeks, a blood sample was collected from each mouse in plain and EDTA tubes to measure hematological and chemical parameters, respectively. Moreover, the mice were sacrificed, and then the liver, kidney, and heart were immediately collected and washed with saline and used for measuring oxidants and antioxidant parameters and for histopathological examination. In addition to serum ALT, AST, total CK, CK-MB, and c-troponin I levels, the following hematological parameters were measured: Red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCV. Moreover, lipid peroxidation (LPO), carbonyl carbon (CC), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in hepatic, kidney, and cardiac homogenates. After 6 weeks and at the end of the experiment, the mice in the magnetized water group had a significantly higher weight gain (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The hematological parameters did not show statistically significant differences among the groups. Serum AST, ALT, total CK, CK-MB, and c- troponin I levels showed statistically significant differences between the four groups (p < 0.01). In the cardiac homogenate, both LPO and CC levels were significantly reduced in the magnetized water group, while GSH was increased (p < 0.01). Moreover, catalase, GSH-Px, and SOD activities were significantly elevated in the magnetized water group in the same homogenate. In the hepatic homogenate, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, GSH- Px, and SOD was significantly increased in the magnetized water group (p < 0.05). Finally, the activity of catalase was significantly increased in the kidney homogenate of the magnetized water group (p < 0.05). The histopathologic appearance of liver and cardiac tissues induced by injection of mice with Ne- rium oleander were milder in group drinking magnetized water. The present study concludes that magnetized water increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. These enzymes increased the activity of antioxidant molecules and reduced glutathione, while they decreased lipid peroxidation and carbonyl carbon during oxidative stress in mice. Moreover, magnetized water caused a weight gain in these mice, resulting from the increased solubility of this water for minerals and vitamins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zamzam is a Muslim holy water from a well in Al-Haram in the holy city of Makkah. It has alkaline pH and high levels of minerals such as calcium, sodium, and magnesium. A previous study found that alkaline water induces antioxidant activity during oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate Zamzam's antioxidant activity during oxidative stress induced by Nerium oleander in mice. Forty 6-to 8-week-old Blab/c mice were classified into four groups: control, Zamzam water, Nerium oleander, and Zamzam water-Nerium oleander. The weight of each mouse was measured at the beginning, after 3 and 6 weeks, and at the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was collected from each mouse in plain and EDTA tubes for estimation of hematological and chemical parameters, respectively. Furthermore, the mice were sacrificed, and the heart, liver, and kidney were immediately collected and washed with saline. These organs were used for histopathological and biochemical tests. The hematological parameters (RBCs count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCV, besides serum ALT, AST, total CK, CK-MB, and ctroponin I were measured for each mouse. Moreover, lipid peroxidation (LPO), carbonyl carbon (CC), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in cardiac, hepatic, and kidney homogenates. The mice in the Zamzam water group had significantly higher weight gain by the end of 3 and 6 weeks (p<0.05), and at the end of the experiment (p<0.01). The hematological parameters had no statistically significant differences between the four groups. Serum AST, ALT, total CK, CK-MB, and ctroponin I showed statistically significant differences among all groups (p<0.01). Both LPO and CC levels in cardiac homogenate were significantly reduced in the Zamzam water group (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Moreover, GSH level and catalase, GSH Px, and SOD activities were significantly elevated in the Zamzam water group in the same homogenate. In hepatic homogenate, GSH level and catalase activity were increased significantly in the Zamzam water group (p<0.05). Finally, the LPO level was significantly decreased (p<0.01), while catalase activity increased (p<0.05) in the Zamzam water group. Zamzam water has an antioxidant capacity during oxidative stress. This capacity may result from the induction of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, Zamzam's minerals and chemical elements have nutritional value that induces weight gain in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]