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While allusions to the Camino de Santiago are concealed in Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises, Jake Barnes follows the Camino path in Paris, Burguete, Pamplona, San Sebastian and Madrid, and he visits the specific citygates, hostels, and hospitals used by Medieval pilgrims. The way Barnes uses language, perceives space and direction, depend largely upon his location in relation to the pilgrimage route. As his inner north, the Camino de Santiago provides a hidden structure in the novel: through a discussion of the social history of the Camino in Celtic and Catholic traditions, this article examines Hemingway's first novel through the lens of the pilgrimage, an approach that sheds important light on how Hemingway's conversion to Catholicism shaped his writing. KEYWORDS: Camino de Santiago, Pilgrimage, Spain, France, Cabo Fisterra in Galicia is the westernmost point of continental Europe, the promontory closest to the sunset. The Celts (for whom Galicia is named) believed the overland journey to that [...]

Recently scholars have explored the close collaboration of Ernest Hemingway and Ezra Pound on in our time as the final volume in the 'Inquest' series edited by Pound and published [...]

As Hemingway wrote to his editor, Maxwell Perkins, he once thought 'A Way You'll Never Be' would give his collection, Winner Take Nothing, an action-packed tale. Instead, the story became what Hemingway described as a 'hell of a difficult one.' At the center of its difficulty and its power are interior monologues from the viewpoint of Nick Adams, who veers between memories of battles on the Italian front, memories of Paris, and dreams centered on a yellow house. In order to understand Nick's monologues, this essay explores four allusions in the story--to an Italian battle cry ('Savoia'), to a 'teleferica,' to Parisian night scenes, and to a yellow house. Hemingway completed a story whose difficulties are central to its powerful portrait of Nick's struggle for self-command. KEYWORDS: Monologue, War, Trauma, Memory, In 'A Way You'll Never Be,' published in his 1933 collection Winner Take Nothing, Hemingway follows the model of the much earlier chapter VI of In Our Time. In both, [...]

The character Insulso Sogliardo in Ben Jonson's 1599 play Every Man Out of His Humour has long been seen by many Shakespeare scholars as being a lampoon of William Shakspere. [...]

The epigram 'To Our English Terence' by John Davies of Hereford is well known in Shakespeare studies. Less well known is the transparent reference to the most famous legal tract [...]

In some places Luke uses a form of Isaiah that resembles the LXX, but in other passages his quotations correspond to the form of Isaiah that is reflected in the [...]

'One can hardly tell which is the sea and which is the land,' said Prue. --Virginia Woolf, To the Lighthouse Among the significant effects, or by-products, of Anglophone postcolonial theory [...]

EVERY ALLUSION HAS A POLITICAL UNCONSCIOUS, an aspect that reveals how the author using the allusion unknowingly oriented herself or himself toward contemporary ideologies. This is because allusions generate more [...]

Cormac McCarthy's novel Suttree has perhaps more intertextual references than any other of his works. They serve as metaphorical hyperlinks that make use of literary shorthand to develop and signify […]

I. Genre and Settings IN 1945 C. S. LEWIS PUBLISHED A SMALL BOOK TITLED The Great Divorce: A Dream. The subtitle appears on the British edition, but not the American. [...]

In March 1642, his vehement dispute with Parliament drawing to a climax, Charles I left the London area and moved his court north. For the next four months, the Royalist [...]

The intertextual references between the 'Dialogus' of Tacitus and the letters of Pliny with regard to boar hunting are investigated. The clues in the letters of Pliny indicating the interactions between them and his pointed reference to boars as an allusion to a character in the 'Dialogus' are discussed.

Professor Zachary Leader in his edition 'The Letters of Kingsley Amis and The Waste Land' allows a lot of allusions and echoes either to go unidentified or a few are wrongly identified. It is felt that since Amis's mind was fertile and exuberantly inventive it was difficult to recover plenty of sources that went uncharted.

MELBOURNE became marvellous in 1885, when George Augustus Sala appealed to the vanity of the colonial city with a series of articles that included one entitled 'Marvellous Melbourne'--indeed Graeme Davison [...]

This memoir-essay covers the time period from 1952 to the present and chronicles the author's efforts to define and explain Hemingway's use of religious allusion in his fiction. Cited are [...]

This article describes how the manner in which Roman political history is portrayed in 'Agricola' reveals Tacitus' views on politics. Topics include political geography, conquest, allusion, imperialism, and realism.

This article discusses allusions in SHakepseare's works. The author uses examples from 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'.

This article discusses the problematic phrasing of Touchstone's poetry in act three, scene three of William Shakespeare's 'As You Like It.' Topics include textual corruption and allusion.

Issues regarding archaeological allusions in poetry are discussed. One of the best known is probably Shelley's sonnet 'Ozymandias,' inspired by the 13th-century BC ruins at the mortuary complex of Rameses II. Others discussed include George Seferis' poem 'Mycenae' and Seamus Heaney's 'Mycenae Lookout.'

Allusions to Pseudo-Hesiod's 'Shield of Heracles' occur in Vergil's description of the shield of Aeneas in 'Aeneid' 8. 617-731. The allusions help to convey a sense of the weaponry's destructive power.

The figure of Gesander in Valerius Flaccus alludes to that of Mezentius in the 'Aeneid.' Topics discussed include lexical correspondence, traces of the source in other authors, thematic similarity, the portrayal of father-and-son relationships, and Gesander's death.

This article discusses the manner in which nature and landscape are portrayed in the works of Louisa Anne Meredith. Topics include imagery, power, masculinity, colonialism, and allusion.

'The pearl' opens with a reference to learning imaged as a wine-press: I know the wayes of Learning; both the head And pipes that feed the presse, and make it [...]

Martial's epigram imposes a satiric effect on the reader's interpretation of literary allusions. The boorish Euctus, the subject of the epigram, enjoys disrupting the merriment of his invited dinner guests. He annoyingly boasts of the mythical pedigree of his vast array of embossed silver goblets, but surprises them by ironically serving new wine in the supposedly ancient vessels. The character Euctus is seen as a combination of two satirical types. One is the owner of silverware who boasts of its false antiquity and the other is the vulgar and boorish host.

Apuleius is highly admired for his expert use of style with both archaic forms and neologisms. His propensity for allusion has also been much commented upon as he openly engages in corrective or competitive allusions in the fish chapters of 'Apology.' He uniquely uses obscene names when referring to fish, explaining that he is trying to supplement and correct Greek biological writers like Theophrastus and Aristotle. Likewise, Sallust has also gained a good reputation as an archaist and word-smith.

In 1923, Harold Monro wrote an imaginary dialogue with T. S. Eliot, in which he questioned the author of The Waste Land about its intended audience: I have heard it [...]

The recent appearance in the World's Classics series of all three novels, The Lost Stradivarius, Moon fleet, and The Nebuly Coat, by John Meade Falkner (1858-1952) has brought before a [...]

Most of the allusions contained in T.S. Eliot's 'Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein with a Cigar' have been uncovered, except for the phrase 'the seven laws.' Critics Laura Riding and Robert Graves asserted that the phrase's meaning could be discovered in Baedeker, the Classical Dictionary or the 'Merchant of Venice.' They stressed that this allusion illustrates the limited humorous appeal of modernist verse. Meanwhile, Elizabeth Drew and John Ruskin argued that the phrase alluded to the 'Seven Lamps of Architecture' and refered to seven moral-aesthetic principles., . . . Who clipped the lion's wings And flea'd his rump and pared his claws? Thought Burbank, meditating on Time's ruins, and the seven laws. (Complete Poems 29-32) T. [...]

'In Our Time,' Ernest Hemingway's collection of stories published in 1925, contains many allusions to T.S. Eliot's poem 'The Waste Land.' Both works employ broken images to convey the authors' view of the sterility and confusion of the modern world. More particularly, 'Mr. and Mrs. Elliot,' the title of the first story from 'In Our Time,' obviously refers to Eliot, especially since Hemingway often spelled Eliot's surname with two 'l's. The images and characters of Hemingway's stories parallel those of Eliot's poem.

A historian in 1876 and another in 1897 observed the parallel between English dramatist Philip Massinger's 'Believe as You List' and Frederick V, the exiled King of Bohemia. Modern literary critics do not seem to subscribe to this observation nor its arguments, however. Yet there is at least one allusion in the play which adds an interesting Dutch dimension to scene II.ii.51-2 of the play and appears to substantiate the arguments of the 19th-century historians.

Two of Ben Jonson's poems are related by an allusion which affects their meaning. 'An Execration Upon Vulcan', the 43rd poem in 'The Underwood' collection, has an ending couplet matching the opening couplet in the 47th poem, 'An Epistle Answering to One that Asked to be Sealed of the Tribe of Ben.' The connecting allusion concerns fire, with a curse in the first poem alluded to as men's fortitude in the second poem. This allusion conveys a humorous self-mockery of the poet which would otherwise be missed., Two poems in The Underwood, #43 and #47, are connected in an unobtrusive fashion. The couplet ending the first poem, 'An Execration Upon Vulcan,' has the same rhyme--and virtually the [...]

The Golden Man and the Golden Age: The Relationship of English Poets and the New World Reconsidered David McInnis University of Melbourne mcinnisd@unimelb.edu.au David McInnis. 'The Golden Man and the [...]

The article examines the novel 'Le Naufrage De La Pucelle' written by Jean Molinet.

Brahms's last symphony was written during the summer months of 1884 and 1885 in Murzzuschlag. The composer announced the work independently to two of his closest correspondents, characterizing it in [...]