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The bio/sensors performance has been established to be significantly affected through partially or entirely alignment of nano/microfibrous in polymeric mats. The matter of crystalline/amorphous proportion in semicrystalline polymers is another factor that can affect the application of the piezoelectric patches. The present work deals with fabricating the scaffolds of micro/nanofibers through a modified electrospinning procedure. The ratio of the relevant organic and polar solvents, the beading, the degree of fiber alignment, and fiber thickness have been intentionally elaborated. An unaligned unbeaded nanofibrous mat has been fabricated after tuning the solvents to poly-lactic acid ratio. This paper, for the first time, deals with the calculation of the value of d33 value of a commercial PLA and its improvement, it has been revealed that the d33 piezoelectric property is improved as a consequence of the thermo-mechanical processing above the cold crystallization temperature. The applied thermo(mechanical) processing causes the structural evolution from amorphous to crystallized states. Formation of the α and α' crystalline phases is introduced as the main responsible for the improvement of the piezoelectric property. This improvement not only is correlated with the degree of crystallinity, but also the orientation and alignment of the crystallites is known to be influential. In this respect, the complex helical chain structural evolution of poly-lactic acid has been analyzed through Herman's orientation function. It has been found that, besides the characterized disorder-to-order phase transformation, the C=O branched out dipoles interactions significantly affects by the texturization of the aligned polymeric chains in the direction of the electrospinning which is known as the main factor to promote the piezoelectric property of processed mat.

Oils extracted from Cymbopogon citratus, Lantana camara, Artemisia camphorata, and Imperata cylindrica plants were used as potential insecticides against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The phytochemical composition of the isolated oils was identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Oil contact toxicities were evaluated against the adults of S. oryzae. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and transaminases enzymes (AST) were measured. L. camara oil (LC50 = 9.81 mg/cm2) demonstrated the highest effect, followed by C. citratus oil (LC50 = 10.89 mg/cm2), A. camphorata EO (LC50 = 16.12 mg/cm2), and I. cylindrica oil (LC50= 36.85 mg/cm2) against the adults of S. oryzae. The inhibition percentages of AChE were 38.8, 41.7, 35.0, and 27.2%; ALP were 42.4, 49.3, 28.1, and 18.7%; AST were 33.9, 38.7, 20.8, and 11.8%; and ALT were 22.7, 30.5, 14.6, and 9.6% after treated S. oryzae with oils from C. citratus, L. camara, A. camphorata and I. cylindrica, respectively. The highest abundant compounds in C. citratus were geranial (25.95%), nerylacetal (8.85%), and neral (8.45%), in L. camara were caryophyllene (12.2%), and 3-elemene (8.89%), in A. camphorata were germacrene D-4-ol (20.83%), and borneol (19.47%), and in I. cylindrica were 5-phenylundecane (10.68%), and 6-phenyldodecane (8.70%).

In the present study, and for the waste valorization, Moringa oleifera seeds-removed ripened pods (SRRP) were used for papersheet production and for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Fibers were characterized by SEM–EDX patterns, while the phytoconstituents in ethanol extract was analyzed by HPLC. The inhibition percentage of fungal mycelial growth (IFMG) of the treated Melia azedarach wood with M. oleifera SRRP extract at the concentrations of 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 µg/mL against the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium culmorum was calculated and compared with fluconazole (25 µg). The produced papersheet was treated with the ethanol extract (4000, 2000, and 1000 µg/mL) and assayed for its antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia amylovora, and Pectobacterium atrosepticum by measuring the inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). According to chemical analysis of M. oleifera SRRP, benzene:alcohol extractives, holocellulose, lignin, and ash contents were 7.56, 64.94, 25.66 and 1.53%, respectively, while for the produced unbleached pulp, the screen pulp yield and the Kappa number were 39% and 25, respectively. The produced papersheet showed tensile index, tear index, burst index, and double fold number values of 58.8 N m/g, 3.38 mN m2/g, 3.86 kPa m2/g, and 10.66, respectively. SEM examination showed that the average fiber diameter was 16.39 µm, and the mass average of for elemental composition of C and O by EDX were, 44.21%, and 55.79%, respectively. The main phytoconstituents in the extract (mg/100 g extract) by HPLC were vanillic acid (5053.49), benzoic acid (262.98), naringenin (133.02), chlorogenic acid (66.16), and myricetin (56.27). After 14 days of incubation, M. oleifera SRRP extract-wood treated showed good IFMG against R. solani (36.88%) and F. culmorum (51.66%) compared to fluconazole, where it observed 42.96% and 53.70%, respectively. Moderate to significant antibacterial activity was found, where the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 500, 650, and 250 µg/mL against the growth of A. tumefaciens, E. amylovora, and P. atrosepticum respectively, which were lower than the positive control used (Tobramycin 10 µg/disc). In conclusion, M. oleifera SRRP showed promising properties as a raw material for pulp and paper production as well as for the extraction of bioactive compounds.

To determine the toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper, adult oribatid soil mites Oppia nitens were exposed for 28 days to LUFA 2.2 soil spiked at concentrations of 0–6400 mg Cu kg−1 dry soil. Effects on survival and reproduction were related to total and available (0.01 M CaCl2 extractable and pore water) concentrations in the soil and concentrations in the animals. The mites showed a concentration-dependent uptake of copper, which, however, decreased at toxic concentrations. Overall bioaccumulation factors were low, suggesting a low tendency for copper bioaccumulation. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) values were 3251 mg Cu kg−1 dry soil, 1130 mg Cu kg−1 dry soil, 1977 mg Cu L−1 pore water, and 592 mg Cu kg−1 dry body weight, and the estimated 50 % effective concentrations (EC50) for effects of copper on reproduction were 589 mg Cu kg−1 dry soil, 116 mg Cu kg−1 dry soil, 78.5 mg Cu L−1 pore water, and 413 mg Cu kg−1 dry body weight, based on measured soil total concentrations, 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable, porewater, and internal concentrations, respectively. The results show that the mite O. nitens is a suitable test organism for measuring metal bioavailability and toxicity in soil.

A new genus and species of oribatid mites (Oribatida) of the family Zetomotrichidae are described from soil in the Central Plateau of Iran, Yazd Province. Iranotrichus gen. nov., with type species Iranotrichus crassisetosus sp. nov., differs from all other genera of the family by a combination of the following character states: large body size; denticulate rostrum; dorsosejugal furrow medially interrupted; divided posterior margin of notogaster; prodorsal, notogastral and ventral plates ornamented with fine, fragmented longitudinal striae; large, thick notogastral seta c2; presence of notogastral lyrifissures ia and im, humeral sac and pyriform organ; absence of custodium; barbed epimeral setae, 1a and 1c longer than others, 1a longest; four pairs of genital, two pairs of anal and three pairs of adanal setae; tarsus I with 20 setae; presence of thick setae on genua I and II, tibia II and tarsi II–IV, with seta tc″ on tarsus IV slightly enlarged but not a thick spine; leg IV enlarged, acetabulum not dorsally displaced. Leg IV representing an intermediate stage between the genera with a well-developed jumping leg and those without a jumping leg. In addition, data on geographic distribution and some information about all known genera of Zetomotrichidae are given.

During investigations of oribatid mites from Shiraz, Fars Province in southern Iran, a new species of Epilohmannia (Acari: Oribatida: Epilohmanniidae) was found from soils under oak and willow trees. Epilohmannia rotundistriata sp. nov. is distinguishable from other species by the broadly rounded rostrum with longitudinal striations; bothridial seta with long, finely barbed stalk and strongly swollen, fusiform head bearing many distinct barbs; anterior margin of notogaster concave; notogastral setae c1 and c2 situated transversely nearly at the same level; anal and adanal setae thickened, barbed, ad3 distinctly shorter than the other two adanal setae; all apodemes well developed; tarsi of leg IV with three thick spine-like setae (a″, s and tc′). A key for identifying known species of Epilohmannia in Iran, is provided.

Africa is the second populous continent, and its population has the fastest growing rate. Some African countries are still plagued by poverty, poor sanitary conditions and limited resources, such as clean drinking water, food supply, electricity, and effective waste management systems. Underfunded healthcare systems, poor training and lack of awareness of policies and legislations on handling medical waste have led to increased improper handling of waste within hospitals, healthcare facilities and transportation and storage of medical waste. Some countries, including Ethiopia, Botswana, Nigeria and Algeria, do not have national guidelines in place to adhere to the correct disposal of such wastage. Incineration is often the favoured disposal method due to the rapid diminishment of up to 90% of waste, as well as production of heat for boilers or for energy production. This type of method – if not applying the right technologies – potentially creates hazardous risks of its own, such as harmful emissions and residuals. In this study, the sustainability aspects of medical waste management in Africa were reviewed to present resilient solutions for health and environment protection for the next generation in Africa. The findings of this research introduce policies, possible advices and solutions associated with sustainability and medical waste management that can support decision-makers in developing strategies for the sustainability by using the eco-friendly technologies for efficient medical waste treatment and disposal methods and also can serve as a link between the healthcare system, decision-makers, and stakeholders in developing health policies and programmes.

Background Coronary stents are routinely placed in the treatment and prophylaxis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Current coronary stent designs are prone to developing blockages: in-stent thrombosis (IST) and in-stent re-stenosis (ISR). This is a systematic review of the design of current coronary stent models, their structural properties and their modes of application, with a focus on their associated risks of IST and ISR. The primary aim of this review is to identify the best stent design features for reducing the risk of IST and ISR. To review the three major types of stents used in clinical settings today, determining best and relevant clinical practice by exploring which types and features of offer improved patient outcomes regarding coronary angioplasty. This information can potentially be used to increase the success rate of coronary angioplasty and stent technology in the future taking into account costs and benefits. Methods Scientific databases were searched to find studies concerning stents. After the exclusion criteria were applied, 19 of the 3192 searched literature were included in this review. Studies investigating three major types of stent design were found: bare-metal stents (BMS), drug-eluting stents (DES) and bioresorbable stents (BRS). The number of participants varied between 14 and 1264. On average 77.4% were male, with a mean age of 64 years. Results From the findings of these studies, it is clear that DES are superior in reducing the risk of ISR when compared to BMS. Conflicting results do not clarify whether BRS are superior to DES at reducing IST occurrence, although studies into newer BRS technologies show reducing events of IST to 0, creating a promising future for BRS showing them to be non-inferior. Thinner stents were shown to reduce IST rates, due to better re-endothelialisation. Scaffold material has also been shown to play a role with cobalt alloy stents reducing the risk of IST. This study found that thinner stents that release drugs were better at preventing re-blockages. Some dissolvable stents might be better at stopping blood clots blocking the arteries when compared to metal stents. The method and procedure of implanting the stent during coronary angioplasty influences success rate of these stents, meaning stent design is not the only significant factor to consider. Conclusions Positive developments in coronary angioplasty could be made by designing new stents that encompass all the most desirable properties of existing stent technology. Further work is needed to investigate the benefits of BRS in reducing the risk of IST compared to DES, as well as to investigate the effects of different scaffold materials on IST and ISR outcomes.

A new species of oribatid mite of the family Galumnidae, Pergalumna sistanbaluchestanica sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on adult specimens from soil in Sistan and Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran. The new species is characterized by dentate rostrum; long interlamellar setae; long, setiform, finely barbed bothridial setae; complete dorsosejugal furrow; large, nearly triangular porose areas Aa; presence of median pore in females and males; large, elongated postanal porose area and large body size. The new species is most similar morphologically to P. seminervosa Mahunka & Mahunka-Papp, 2008, however, differs from it in morphology of bothridial setae and notogastral porose areas Aa and also by the surface ornamentation of the pteromorphs and genital plates; localization of setal alveoli la and lyrifissures im and body size. An identification key to known species of Pergalumna from the Palaearctic region is given.

Human shoulder joints exhibit stable but highly active characteristics due to a large amount of soft tissues. Finite Element (FE) modelling plays an important role in enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of shoulder disorders. However, the previous FE shoulder models largely neglected the Three-Dimensional (3D) volume of soft tissues and their sophisticated interactions with the skeletons. This study develops a 3D model of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles and tendons. It also includes cartilage and, for the first time, main ligaments around the joint to provide a better computational representation of the delicate interaction of the soft tissues. This model has potential value for studying the force transfer mechanism and overall joint stability variation caused by 3D pathological changes of rotator cuff tendons. Motion analysis systems and Magnetic Resonance (MR) scans were used to collect shoulder movement and geometric data from a young healthy subject, respectively. Based on MR images, a FE model with detailed representations of the musculoskeletal components was constructed. A multi-body model and the measured motion data were utilised to estimate the loading and boundary conditions. Quasi-static FE analyses simulated four instants of the measured scapular abduction. Simultaneously determined glenohumeral motion, stress/strain distribution in soft tissues, contact area, and mean/peak contact pressure were found to increase monotonically from 0° to 30° of abduction. The results of muscle forces, bone-on-bone contact force, and superior-inferior movement of the humeral centre during motion were consistent with previous experimental and numerical results. It is concluded that the constructed FE shoulder model can accurately estimate the biomechanics in the investigated range of motion and may be further used for the comprehensive study of shoulder musculoskeletal disorders.

A three-dimensional variable-density finite element model was developed to study the combined effects of overabstraction and seawater intrusion in the Pingtung Plain coastal aquifer system in Taiwan. The model was generated in different layers to represent the three aquifers and two aquitards. Twenty-five multilayer pumping wells were assigned to abstract the groundwater, in addition to 95 observation wells to monitor the groundwater level. The analysis was carried out for a period of 8 years (2008–2015 inclusive). Hydraulic head, soil permeability, and precipitation were assigned as input data together with the pumping records in different layers of the aquifer. The developed numerical model was calibrated against the observed head archives and the calibrated model was used to predict the inland encroachment of seawater in different layers of the aquifer. The effects of pumping rate, sea-level rise, and relocation of wells on seawater intrusion were examined. The results show that all layers of the aquifer system are affected by seawater intrusion; however, the lengths of inland encroachment in the top and bottom aquifers are greater compared with the middle layer. This is the first large-scale finite-element model of the Pingtung Plain, which can be used by decision-makers for sustainable management of groundwater resources and cognizance of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers.

The poly (e-caprolactonediol) based polyurethane (PCL-Diol-b-PU)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted-chitosan (PNIPAAm-g-chitosan) core-shell nanofibers were synthesized via coaxial electrospinning process. Paclitaxel and 5-FU anticancer drugs were incorporated into the core of nanofibers. The nanofibers surface was coated using magnetic gold nanoparticles and the potential of synthesized nanofibers was investigated for the sustained release of paclitaxel and 5-FU toward 4T1 breast cancer cells death in vitro and in vivo. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD and DLS analysis. The surface morphology of nanofibers was studied under various applied voltage and different shell flow rates. The paclitaxel and 5-FU release profiles from nanofibers were examined under acidic and physiological pH. The maximum 4T1 cell killing was found to be 78% using magnetic gold coated-nanofibers in the presence of external magnetic field. The SEM images after incubation of nanofibers in 4T1 breast cancer cells indicated the well adhesion of cells on the nanofibers surface. The in vivo studies showed that the tumor volume did not change during 10 days. The minimum increase in tumor volume was obtained using paclitaxel and 5-FU loaded-nanofibers coated by the magnetic gold nanoparticles. The obtained results demonstrated the high therapeutic efficiency of synthesized nanofibrous carrier toward breast cancer treatment.

Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common pathological conditions to affect the human knee joint. In order to analyse the biomechanical causes and effects of OA, accessing the internal structures such as cartilage or the menisci directly is not possible. Therefore, computational models can be used to study the effects of OA on the stresses and strains in the joint and the susceptibility to deformations within the knee joint. Methods In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of a knee complex was constructed using MRI scans. Medical image processing software was used to create accurate geometries of bones, articular cartilages, menisci, patella, patella tendon and all the relevant ligaments. Finally, a 3D model of OA knee joint was created with a few changes to the cartilage. The cartilage was thinned, and the material properties were altered in order to simulate OA in the joint. 3D gait measurements were analysed to define loading and boundary conditions. Results The developed model analysed the possibility of osteoarthritis. It was shown that the medial regions of cartilage layers and menisci in the knee joint sustain higher values of stress for OA conditions, while for the healthy knee, the stresses are more evenly distributed across the cartilage in the medial and lateral regions. Conclusion The results suggest that any treatment for knee osteoarthritis should focus more on the medial region of the tibiofemoral cartilage in order not to cause degradation.

Background Knee osteoarthritis is a disease of the joint causing decreased function and pain. Currently, treatments range from medication to surgery, with the use of different insoles and footwear recommended. These methods are effective by either correcting the position of the knee or providing shock absorption. However, there is little understanding of the effective characteristics of these devices. Research question This paper aims to investigate this question and provide future areas of research to help better define treatment guidelines. Foot orthoses are an example of non-pharmacological conservative treatments mentioned in National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA). These include lateral wedge insoles (LWI), developed with the intention of load reduction of the knee. Different footwear has also been shown to affect pain, biomechanical and functional outcomes in knee OA patients. Methods To address what features of LWIs and footwear make them effective in the treatment of knee OA, scientific databases were used to search for papers on this topic and then selected to be included based on pre-defined criteria. Data were extracted and analysed from these studies to provide a basis for possible areas for future development of these foot orthoses, and research required to improve clinical treatment guidelines. Databases used were PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Results and significance Thirty-four out of 226 papers were included after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Regarding LWIs, the characteristics showing the most beneficial effect on either biomechanical, functional or pain outcomes were customisation, full-length, 5° elevation, shock absorption and arch support. For footwear, barefoot mimicking soles produced the most favourable biomechanics. Results also showed that insoles work in correcting the position of the knee, but it may or may not affect patients’ pain and function.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication for people with diabetes. They result in increased morbidity and pressures on health system resources. Developments in machine learning (ML) offer an opportunity for improved care of individuals at risk of DFUs, to identify and synthesise evidence about the current uses and accuracy of ML in the interventional care and management of DFUs, and, to provide a reference for areas of future research. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines for papers involving ML and DFUs. In order to be included, studies needed to mention ML, DFUs, and report relevant outcome measures regarding ML algorithm accuracy. Bias in included studies was assessed using the quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy (QUADAS-2). 37 out of 3769 papers were included after applying eligibility criteria. Included papers reported accuracy measures for multiple types of ML algorithms in DFU studies. Whilst varying across the ML algorithm used, all studies reported at least 90% accuracy compared to gold standards using a minimum of one reported ML algorithm for processing or recording data. Applications where ML had positive effects on DFU data analysis and outcomes include image segmentation and classification, raw data analysis and risk assessment. ML offers an effective and accurate solution to guide analysis and procurement of data from interventions which are designed for the care of DFUs in small samples and study conditions. Current research is limited, and, for the development of more applicable ML algorithms, future research should address the following: direct comparison of ML applications with current standards of care, health economic analyses and large scale data collection. There is currently no evidence to confidently suggest that ML methods in DFU diagnosis are ready for implementation and use in healthcare settings.

While U.K. authorities have attempted to tailor measures to boost sales of electric vehicles (EVs) and support citizens through different schemes, the size and geographic coverage of the existing charging network are insufficient, which undermines electromobility promotion. There are 15,853 public charging points installed in the U.K. as of 3 August 2021, and the demands for public EV charging are rising. For rural areas, there is little support from local authorities or private companies. To identify how a charging station can be installed and work, this study researches existing charging stations nationwide. Generally, most Public Charging Stations (PCS) in rural areas have unsatisfactory cost-effectiveness due to their long payback period. This paper presents how many rural PCS are able to afford the cost in the first eight years. Based on the ever-increasing demands of the market, EV producers are switching their business strategies. Meanwhile, the rural areas may become urban with the same definition. When it comes to the analysis of cost-effectiveness, it is possible for the PCS to bring more elements into the calculation. For Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operation Expenditure (OPEX), the unnecessary cost leaves more profit space, like the possibility of unplanned maintenance costs.

Haplochthoniidae is a small family within the superfamily Cosmochthonioidea and consists of only two genera and 17 species. In this paper a new species, Haplochthonius (Haplochthonius) longiapophysus sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on adult specimens sampled from soil in Sistan and Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran. The new species is characterised by very long prominent rostral apophyses; blade-like prodorsal and notogastral setae; genital plates with six and anal and adanal plates each with four pairs of setae, an1, ad1 and ad2 thicker than other ano-adanal setae; epimeral setation 3-2-2-3; solenidion φ of tibiae I very long, solenidion ω of tarsi I longer than famulus, seta d longer than solenidion on tibiae II and III. The new species is morphologically very similar to Haplochthonius (Haplochthonius) sanctaeluciae Bernini, 1973, however, the most significant differences between them is in the morphology of rostral apophyses and number and size of genital setae. The family Haplochthoniidae is recorded for the first time from Sistan and Baluchestan province. An updated diagnostic key to the adults of known species of Haplochthonius (Haplochthonius) is given.

A new species of oribatid mite of the family Galumnidae is described and illustrated based on adult specimens from soil in Mashhad county, Razavi Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran. Pilogalumna khorasanica sp. nov. is characterised by rounded rostrum; very long interlamellar setae; long, nearly setiform, finely bilaterally barbed bothridial setae; medially interrupted dorsosejugal furrow; elongated porose areas A2, very long and narrow, ribbon shaped A3 and large body size. The new species is most similar morphologically to Pilogalumna crassiclava longiareata (Pérez-Íñigo, 1976), however, differs from it in morphology of bothridial setae and structure of notogastral porose areas, by the presence of longer interlamellar setae and larger body size. An updated identification key to known species of Pilogalumna is presented.

Background: Natural plant extracts and microbial antagonists have the potential for use in increasing the fungal resistance and productivity of horticulture plants. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of both natural plant extracts and microbial antagonists as a biotical control of some fungal pathogens, i.e., Fusarium ssp., Exserohilum ssp. and Nigrospora ssp., along with improving the growth and productivity performance of zucchini under greenhouse conditions. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract (LE), Citrus sinensis LE, Ficus benghalensis fruit extract (FE), and two microbial antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens (accession no. MW647093) and Trichoderma viride (accession no. MW647090) were tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Through morphological characteristics and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, Fusarium solani (accession no. MW947256), F. oxysporum (accession no. MW947254), Exserohilum rostratum (accession no. MW947255), and Nigrospora&nbsp, lacticolonia (accession no. MW947253) were identified. HPLC analysis was used for the identification of phenolic compounds (PCs) and flavonoid compounds (FCs) in the extracts. Results: The highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG) against F. oxysporum was obtained with P. fluorescens, T. viride, and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L), F. solani with P. fluorescens, T. viride, and C. sinensis LE (4000 mg/L), Exserohilum rostratum with P. fluorescens, Ficus benghalensis FE (4000 mg/L) and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L), and N. lacticolonia with P. fluorescens. Using HPLC analysis, the abundant PCs in E. camaldulensis LE were pyrogallol, and caffeic acid, those in C. sinensis LE were syringic acid and ferulic acid, and those in F. benghalensis FE were gallic acid and syringic acid. In addition, the abundant FCs in E. camaldulensis LE were kaempferol, and naringin, those in C. sinensis LE were hesperidin and quercetin, and those in F. benghalensis FE were kaempferol and quercetin. Under greenhouse experiments, T. viride and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L) followed by P. fluorescens + T. viride treatments gave the best results of zucchini plants in terms of leaf area, fruits number per plant, yield per plant, and total yield (marketable and non-marketable). Conclusions: Plant extracts and bioagents can be used to control some zucchini fungal pathogens and increase the productivity performance of zucchini plants.

Persisting evidence suggests significant socioeconomic and sociodemographic inequalities in access to medical treatment in the UK. Consequently, a systematic review was undertaken to examine these access inequalities in relation to hip replacement surgery. Database searches were performed using MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science. Studies with a focus on surgical need, access, provision and outcome were of interest. Inequalities were explored in the context of sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status (SES), geographical location and hospital-related variables. Only studies in the context of the UK were included. Screening of search and extraction of data were performed and 482 articles were identified in the database search, of which 16 were eligible. Eligible studies consisted of eight cross-sectional studies, seven ecological studies and one longitudinal study. Although socioeconomic inequality has somewhat decreased, lower SES patients and ethnic minority patients demonstrate increased surgical needs, reduced access and poor outcomes. Lower SES and Black minority patients were younger and had more comorbidities. Surgical need increased with age. Women had greater surgical need and provision than men. Geographical inequality had reduced in Scotland, but a north-south divide persists in England. Rural areas received greater provision relative to need, despite increased travel for care. In all, access inequalities remain widespread and policy change driven by research is needed.

This study evaluated the effect of phosphorus and potassium (PK) fertilizer levels and foliar seaweed extract on early and total yield productivity and the growth of globe artichoke plants. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons on loamy–clay soil at the vegetable research farm, of the Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt. Fertilizer levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75 mL L−1, and seaweed extract concentrations of 0, 5 and 10 mg L−1, individually and in combination, were used. Globe artichoke plants treated with PK liquid fertilizer, with and without seaweed extract, showed critical increases in growth (plant height and number of leaves per plant as well as foliage dry weight), yield, and some chemical constituents compared to untreated plants. The PK3 fertilizer level and 10 mL L−1 seaweed extract as a foliar spray showed greater effects than other combinations.

Decarbonisation is becoming a central aim of countries around the globe, ensuring the effects of climate change do not increase exponentially in the coming years. Renewable energy generation is at the core of this decarbonisation process, enabling economies to divorce themselves from a reliance on oil and coal. Hybrid energy systems can utilise multiple generation methods to supply electrical demand best. This paper investigates the use of localised hybrid energy systems around the UK, comparing the financial viability of solar, wind and hydrokinetic generation methods both as a hybrid system and individually in different scenarios. The significance of having localised hybrid energy systems is that they address two large problems within renewable energy generation, that of storage issues and also generating the electricity far away from where it is actually used, requiring extensive infrastructure. The microgrid optimisation software HOMER was used to simulate each of the generation methods alongside the national grid, including lithium ion batteries and converters to create a comprehensive hybrid system. Net Present Cost, which is the current value of all the costs of installing and operating the system over the project lifetime, was considered as the metric. The analysis finds that for each modelled location, wind turbines in combination with lithium ion batteries and a converter is the system with the lowest Net Present Cost, with the exception of Bristol, which also uses hydrokinetic turbines within the system. The findings indicate the extensive wind resources available within the UK, along with identifying that certain locations around the country also have very high potential for tidal power generation.

Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the activities of selected lower limb muscles in individuals with OPF compared with healthy controls. Methods Sixty recreational adult male runners with over-pronated feet (foot posture index > 10) were divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Participants ran barefoot at a pre-defined speed (⁓3.3 m/s) over level stable ground both before and after long-term training on the sand. Muscle activities were recorded using a surface bipolar electromyography system. Results For the intervention group, we found a reduced foot posture index (p d = 2.00) and significant group-by-time interactions for gluteus medius activity during the mid-stance phase (p d = 0.59). Significantly higher gluteus medius activity (p = 0.028, d = 0.569) was found during the post-test. We also observed significant group-by-time interactions for medial gastrocnemius activity during the push-off phase (p d = 0.54). Significantly larger medial gastrocnemius activity (p = 0.041; d = 0.636) was found during the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusions Long-term running on sand resulted in reduced pronation, increased medial gastrocnemius activity, and improved frontal plane pelvic stability due to higher gluteus medius activity. Trial registration: IRCT20191211045704N1. Registered 25 February 2020. Retrospectively registered.

Study region A coupled framework, linking subsurface flow and surface hydrodynamics, is developed and applied to a real-world case study of Pingtung coastal aquifer in southwest of Taiwan, in East Asia. Study focus FEFLOW is adopted to develop a 3-D variable density and transient groundwater model of the Pingtung shallow aquifer lying 250 m below mean sea level (MSL). This model is coupled with a 1-D river network model, comprised of the main river and its two tributaries, using MIKE 11 through the IFM MIKE 11 coupling interface. The model is capable of analysing the relationship between rainfall, surface water and groundwater recharge lag time. Also, the analysis of potential river inundation and maximum river discharge enable the model to choose the best location to apply artificial recharge as a management scenario to mitigate the effect of seawater intrusion (SWI). To the authors’ knowledge, the developed coupled model is the first detailed integrated framework analysing the interaction of surface and subsurface water, with the capability to contribute to the restoration, rehabilitation, and management of the river network. New hydrological insights for the region The rainfall ratio in the wet season to dry season is significant in this plain comparing with the rest of Taiwan. Also, southern Taiwan experiences the largest sea and river interaction, while Kaoping River playing as a pathway role for inland lead of seawater intrusion.

Cut flower production in the Bogotá savanna is one of Colombia’s main export products. Flower production is mainly carried out in greenhouses, as this type of production system has substantial advantages over crops grown in open fields. Protected agriculture provides timely climate management that improves crop yields. The objective of this work was to build and validate a 3D CFD numerical model to understand the spatial distribution of temperatures because of the air flow dynamics inside a typical greenhouse in the Bogotá savanna. Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were the statistical indicators used between experimental and simulated wind speed and temperature data. The simulations considered twelve evaluation scenarios that were established based on the climatic conditions characteristic of the study region. The results indicate that under regional conditions of temperature and wind for this type of passive greenhouse, there is a deficient ventilation rate. This rate does not exceed 35 exchanges h−1 compared to the recommended rates for crops, which is between 45 and 60 air exchanges h−1. This renewal rate contributes to the heterogeneity of the microclimatic dynamics of the greenhouse, presenting hot spots with temperature values above 32 °C in all examined scenarios. For the lower air speed scenarios (&lt, 1 ms−1), these areas of high temperature can reach up to 50% of the cultivated area. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies should seek technical solutions to optimize the microclimatic conditions of the greenhouse design used in the Colombian floriculture sector.

Countries around the world generate electricity from renewable resources to decarbonise their societies and reduce global warming. Some countries have already outlined their wishes to produce a part of their total energy consumption from renewable sources in the coming years and gradually reduce the use of nuclear energy and fossil fuel in favour of cleaner fuels. While renewable energies are significant factors in tackling climate change, the parameters that can influence their performance should be analysed in detail during the design process. One of these parameters is the foundation of an offshore wind turbine. Offshore wind turbines allow more energy to be produced than an onshore installation, and do not have any harmful effects on human beings, while their geotechnical aspects need to be clearly determined in advance. In this study, the influential parameters such as soil type, the number of bolts in the design, and the size of the structure were analysed using the finite element method for three different designs. The simulations showed that some soil properties, such as cohesion, do not influence the results, while Young’s modulus has a large influence on the designs. Additionally, the results of this study showed that the maximum stress concentrations are at the bolts and connection joints where they are too close to the steel’s yield stress. It also proves that the non-elastic behaviour of the soil does not require to be assigned for such analyses and it can be simplified only with its elastic behaviour. The embedded length affects the lateral displacement, while the number of bolts influences the structure’s resistance to external loads.

Hybrid optimisation of multiple energy resources has been performed on a micro grid model of a hospital to investigate the capability of a standalone energy system and simultaneous mitigation of hospital waste. The main objectives of this study were to collect renewable energy resource data of a hybrid hospital, use the average amount of hospital waste from the literature and NASA surface meteorology in addition to the solar energy database from HOMER Pro software to construct a hybrid model for a conceptual hospital in the new green city in Saudi Arabia, NEOM. The hybrid model consisted of biogas cofire and diesel generators, PV solar array and batteries. Simulations were performed to analyse the load requirements of a standalone hospital. The mechanism of energy storage was designed based on Tesla batteries. Then, the hybrid hospital model was tested with NEOM’s natural resources, load demand of 250 kWh/day and the average amount of daily hospital waste of 0.6 tons based on the literature data. This condition allows the smart hospital to be tested with real features. The outcome of the COE, NPC and the amount of reduction of carbon dioxide in the hybrid hospital were analysed. Many of the hybrid properties and constraints that define the hospital were adopted from previous literature concentrating on similar domains. The optimal solution of a hybrid micro grid consisted of biogas cofire, PV array, and batteries. Of the total load demand, 32.3% and 67.6% were produced by PV array and biogas cofire generators, respectively, together with eight Tesla PowerWall2.0 batteries. The cost of energy was 0.21 USD/kWh and the net present cost was 243,699.17 USD. In this study, we compared renewable energy with conventional energy and found that the optimal solution would be able to reduce carbon emission and diesel consumption by almost 84% and 81%, respectively. The results were verified through a sensitivity study and compared with other studies.

In the course of a faunistic survey on oribatidmites in Alborz province, northern Iran, four species belonging to the genus Anomaloppia were collected: A. iranica, A. mazandaranica, A. differens and a hitherto unknown species which is named as A. alborzi sp. n. The new species is characterized by the rostral setae which are situated close to each other and by long sensilli, with a fusiform head and four long barbs and by smooth notogastral setae. Anomaloppia differens is recorded for the first time from Iran and a supplementary description is provided for this species on the basis of Iranian materials. An identification key to the species of Anomaloppia is given.

The use of covered structures is an alternative increasingly used by farmers to increase crop yields per unit area compared to open field production. In Latin American countries such as Colombia, productive areas are located in with predominantly hillside soil conditions. In the last two decades, farmers have introduced cover structures adapted to these soil conditions, structures for which the behavior of factors that directly affect plant growth and development, such as microclimate, are still unknown. Therefore, in this research work, a CFD-3D model successfully validated with experimental data of temperature and air velocity was implemented. The numerical model was used to determine the behavior of air flow patterns and temperature distribution inside a Colombian passive greenhouse during daytime hours. The results showed that the slope of the terrain affects the behavior of the air flow patterns, generating thermal gradients inside the greenhouse with values between 1.26 and 16.93 °C for the hours evaluated. It was also found that the highest indoor temperature values at the same time were located in the highest region of the terrain. Based on the results of this study, future researches on how to optimize the microclimatic conditions of this type of sustainable productive system can be carried out.

The combinations of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy (CHT) have attracted increasing attention for cancer therapy. In the present study, paclitaxel as an anticancer drug and graphene oxide/gold nanorods (GO/Au NRs) were simultaneously loaded into the poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol based-polyurethane (PTMG-PU) (core)/chitosan (shell) nanofibers prepared by the coaxial electrospinning method. The potential of the synthesized nanofiber as a pH/temperature dual responsive carrier was investigated for the controlled release of paclitaxel against A549 lung cancer during PTT/CHT combined method. The synthesized core-shell nanofibers were characterized using SEM, TEM and XRD analysis. The drug encapsulation efficiency, drug release and kinetic studies were carried out. The compatibility of the synthesized core-shell nanofibers was also investigated. The cell viability of the synthesized nanofibers treated with A549 lung cancer cells was investigated under alone CHT, alone PTT and PTT/CHT method. The in vivo studies indicated that the PTT/CHT method demonstrated an optimal therapeutic effect on tumor inhibition without change in body weight. The obtained results demonstrated that the synthesized core-shell nanofibers would be used for lung cancer treatment under NIR irradiation in the future.

Water shortage, human population increase, and lack of food resources have directed societies towards sustainable energy and water resources, especially for agriculture. While open agriculture requires a massive amount of water and energy, the requirements of horticultural systems can be controlled to provide standard conditions for the plants to grow, with significant decrease in water consumption. A greenhouse is a transparent indoor environment used for horticulture, as it allows for reasonable control of the microclimate conditions (e.g., temperature, air velocity, rate of ventilation, and humidity). While such systems create a controlled environment for the plants, the greenhouses need ventilation to provide fresh air. In order to have a sustainable venting mechanism, a novel solution has been proposed in this study providing a naturally ventilating system required for the plants, while at the same time reducing the energy requirements for cooling or other forced ventilation techniques. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyse the ventilation requirements for different vent opening scenarios, showing the importance of inlet locations for the proposed sustainable greenhouse system.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of textured foot orthoses on plantar pressure variables in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Thirty boys were divided into two groups based on their health status, namely: autism spectrum disorder and healthy matched controls. Plantar pressure data were captured during stance phases of shod walking with and without textured foot orthoses. Remarkably larger peak force under the toe1 and metatarsal1 and peak pressure under the toe1 and toe2-5 regions were observed in the autism group comparing with the healthy group, while lower peak force under the toe1, metatarsal1 and metatarsal2 were seen during walking with textured foot orthoses comparing with the cases of walking without them. The results showed higher values of peak pressure under metatarsal3, metatarsal4 and metatarsal5 for the textured foot orthoses walking against the cases without them. Also, analysis depicted huge reductions from pre-to-posttest for the peak pressure under toe2-5 only cases within the autism group. The reason of observing higher peak values of forces and pressures within their forefoot can potentially be their tendency to walk on their toes comparing against the healthy control children. This causes lower pressure values within all toes and the first metatarsal regions during normal walking with textured foot orthoses than walking without them. The findings revealed that the use of textured foot orthoses reduced peak pressure under toe2-5 only in the autism group. This suggests that the use of such interventions can help boys with ASDs move more safely.

Solar-powered desalination is a sustainable solution for countries experiencing water scarcity. Several studies have presented different solutions to provide cleaner production in desalination systems. Parabolic trough collector (PTC) is one of these solutions that has proven to be superior among solar concentrators. Furthermore, a number of studies have investigated the use of PTC for distillation of saline water in response to water scarcity. In this study, a modified PTC model was developed, in which the heat exchanger was replaced by a condensation tube to reduce the energy consumption, and a black layer was introduced to the surface of the receiver to enhance its absorptance. As a reference case, the system productivity according to average solar intensities in Zagazig, located at 30°34′N 31°30′E in the North East of Egypt, is estimated. The results indicated that the maximum production rate that can be attained is 1.72 kg/h. Then, the structure of the system is evaluated with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling, in order to enhance its productivity. Many materials are examined and the results recognised copper as the most suitable material amongst marine grade metals (i.e., aluminium, galvanised steel and stainless steel) to construct the receiver tube. This is due to its superior thermal performance, satisfactory corrosion resistance, and acceptable cost. Afterwards, the selected receiver tube was employed to identify the optimal Concentration Ratio (CR). Consequently, a CR of 90.56 was determined to be the optimum value for Zagazig and regions with similar solar radiation. As a result, the system’s productivity was enhanced drastically, as it was estimated that a maximum production rate of 6.93 kg/h can be achieved.

Camelthorn, Alhagi maurorum Medik. (Fabaceae, Leguminosae), a native component of the Asian flora, is invasive in Australia, South Africa and the USA where it is considered a noxious weed in several states. To date there is no biological control program against this weed; however, initial investigations into potential biocontrol agents revealed an eriophyid mite, Aceria alhagi Vidovic & Kamali, causing considerable damage in the native range. The mite attacks the growing tips as well as the flowers of the plants, not only reducing height and plant vigor but also reducing seed set. To assess the host range and impact of this potential biological control agent, on the target weed, no-choice tests as well as an open-field impact experiment were conducted at the research farm of the School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, over 2 years (2018 and 2019). Results from the no-choice tests suggest that A. alhagi poses negligible risk to the non-target plants tested in this study. In the first year of the open field impact test, plants did not flower; however, plant height was significantly reduced by mite attack. In the second year, significant reductions in plant biomass (26%), seed production (95%) and photosynthesis (53%) were observed in response to mite attack that would potentially limit the competitiveness of camelthorn as well as long-distance dispersal through seed in the invaded range. These results suggest that A. alhagi is a promising candidate for the biological control of camelthorn and should be prioritized for any future studies, expanding on the host range testing and safety.

Many countries in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) are facing water scarcity, which poses a great challenge to agricultural production. Furthermore, water scarcity is projected to increase due to climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The integration of solar power and water desalination systems in greenhouses to overcome water shortages is one of the preferred technologies in crop-growing areas. Crop growth control is done through sufficient management of environmental climatic variables as well as the quantity and quality of water and applied fertilisers with irrigation. Numerous crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuces, strawberries, flowers, and herbs can be grown under greenhouse conditions using desalinated water. This paper displays the state of the art in (i) solar-driven saltwater desalination to irrigate crops, (ii) the feasibility of water desalination for agriculture in the MENA region, (iii) the economics and environmental impacts of the desalination process, (iv) the quality of desalinated water compared with other non-conventional water resources and (v) recommendations for the future in the MENA region.

The need for sustainable desalination arises from fast-occurring global warming and intensifying droughts due to increasing temperatures, particularly in the Middle East and North African (MENA) regions. Lack of water resources has meant that the countries in these regions have had to desalinate seawater through different sustainable technologies for food supplies and agricultural products. Greenhouses (GH) are used to protect crops from harsh climates, creating a controlled environment requiring less water. In order to have a sustainable resilient GH, a zero-liquid-discharge system (ZLD) was developed by using solar still (SS) desalination techniques, humidification-dehumidification (HDH), and rainwater harvesting. An experiment was designed and carried out by designing and manufacturing a wick type solar still, together with an HDH system, implemented into a GH. Using a pyrometer, the solar intensity was recorded, while the microclimate conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of the GH were also monitored. The GH model was tested in the UK and was shown to be a successful standalone model, providing its water requirements. In the UK, for one solar still with a surface area of 0.72 m2, maximum amount of 58 mL of distilled water was achieved per day. In Egypt, a maximum amount of 1090 mL water was collected per day, from each solar still. This difference is mainly due to the differences in the solar radiation intensity and duration in addition to the temperature variance. While dehumidification generated 7 L of distilled water, rainwater harvesting was added as another solution to the greenhouse in the UK, harvested a maximum of 7 L per day from one side (half the area of the greenhouse roof). This helped to compensate for the less distilled water from the solar stills. The results for the developed greenhouses showed how GHs in countries with different weather conditions could be standalone systems for their agricultural water requirement.

Cultivation in open fields mainly depends on the location and time of farming, which itself highly depends on the quality and quantity of water for irrigation, weather conditions and soil characteristics. Water resources are highly dependent on the limited freshwater resources from the groundwater system, or rainwater. Countries in MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) rely mostly on desalination technologies for agriculture, due to water scarcity. Therefore, greenhouse (GH) agriculture can be developed to succeed in dealing with the water scarcity and provide sufficient sources of agricultural products as a sustainable solution. These indoor agriculture facilities, which are enclosed by transparent covers, can produce different sources of fruits and vegetables, using a controlled amount of water. By reducing the exchange rate of air with the outside environment, which is known as the confinement effects, greenhouses generate a suitable environment for the plants to grow under transparent covers to trap the sunlight. This raises the inside temperature above the maximum threshold levels, especially within the warm season, due to the high solar radiation intensity, having an adverse influence on the microclimate conditions and consequently the crop growth. In order to sustain maximum agricultural yield, greenhouse ventilation is an important parameter in which its trends and emerging practices were reviewed in this study.

The rise in the human population, its density and scarcity of resources require cost-effective solutions for sustainable energy and water resources. Smart and sustainable agriculture is one important factor for future green cities to tackle climate change as a cost-effective solution to save energy and water. However, greenhouses (GH) require consistent ventilation due to their internal temperatures, and this can be an energy-intensive operation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the potential factors involved. In this study, the effect of vent configuration of a mono-span greenhouse with roof and side vents at low wind speeds was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The validated simulations were then performed on different models to analyse the effects of the vents’ locations on the ventilation requirements. The side vents were found to contribute most to the ventilation. The position of the side vent was found to affect the convection loop in the greenhouse and the air velocity at the plant level. The humidity was shown to be highest under the windward side vent. The roof vent was found to affect the temperature and air velocity in the roof of the greenhouse but had very little effect on the distributions at the plant level.

A common reason for the reluctance to wear protective headgear during different sports activities like skating or biking is the thermal discomfort to the user caused by heat accumulation within the helmet. A review of existing literature revealed the potential to improve thermal comfort of helmets through convective heat transfer, most often achieved through passive ventilation. This paper aims to investigate areas of high heat concentration in the helmet and examine the effect of various hole configurations on the ventilation performance within the helmet. The thermal comfort properties of skate-style helmets are investigated using computational analysis in the form of finite element analysis and 3D computational fluid dynamics. In order to identify areas of naturally high heat concentrations inside the helmet, a baseline conceptual helmet was generated in SolidWorks and a finite element analysis was undertaken in the form of a steady-state thermal study in ANSYS Workbench. Next, a 3D computational fluid dynamics investigation was performed on a range of concept designs developed from the baseline model, representing different hole configurations for three general hole locations – front, back and side. The best performing concept designs were then combined into a single model and tested. Flow speeds were measured at set probe points for four individual cross-sections for all the test concept designs. Using the collected data, the ventilation performance of the various concept designs was discussed relative to the baseline model and justified. The computational studies revealed trends between the general hole locations and the local ventilation efficiency, as well as differences between the individual concepts tested for each location. Key findings include holes at the rear being the most beneficial to overall helmet ventilation when compared to front and side holes. Furthermore, all hole locations were found to predominantly affect the flow speeds in the central and upper frontal regions of the helmet, with little impact on the parietal and occipital lobe regions. The best hole configurations were found to be three holes, one hole and two holes for the front, back and side locations respectively. It was shown that combining the strongest individual concept designs does not necessarily lead to a superior helmet design in terms of ventilation performance.

Molecular methods play an important role in systematic acarology and DNA extraction is the first step in this ground. Nowadays, the varieties of methods are being used for extraction of DNA, but mo...

Theranostics with the ability to simultaneous monitoring of treatment progress and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents has become as an emerging therapeutic paradigm in cancer therapy. In this study, we have developed a novel surface functionalized iron oxide nanoparticle using polyethyleneimine and glutathione for targeted curcumin (CUR) delivery and acceptable pH sensitive character. The developed magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were physicochemically characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM and TEM. The MNPs was obtained in spherical shape with diameter of 50 nm. CUR was efficiently loaded into the MNPs and then in vitro release analyses were evaluated and showed that the prepared MNPs could release higher amount of CUR in acidic medium compared to neutral medium due to the pH sensitive property of the coated polymer. MTT assay confirmed the superior toxicity of CUR loaded MNPs compared to the control nanoparticles. Higher cellular uptake of the MNPs than negative control cells was demonstrated in SK-N-MC cell line. In vitro assessment of MRI properties showed that synthesized MNPs could be used as MRI imaging agent. Furthermore, according to hemolysis assay, the developed formulation exhibited suitable hemocompatibility. In vivo blood circulation analysis of the MNPs also exhibited enhanced serum bioavailability up to 2.5 fold for CUR loaded MNPs compared with free CUR.

In this study, a new species, Tectoribates shekarii Ahaniazad & Akrami sp. nov., is described based on adult specimens collected from soil and rotten leaves of walnut in East Azerbaijan province, Northwest Iran. The new species is characterized by the (1) presence of porose areas on notogaster, (2) lamellar cusp with two well-developed dens (medial and lateral), (3) rostral margin with four distinct teeth, (4) rostrum without medial incision, (5) notogastral setae short and smooth and, (6) bothridial setae long and approximately as long as interlamellar ones. In this paper, another species, Tectoribates proximus, is redescribed, which is recorded for the first time from Iran.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4A457273-9EDC-49C2-B08D-9B1A4B6F689C

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