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This article presented micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow comprising copper and alumina nanoparticles over a flat sheet. The mixed convection phenomenon is studied under the effect of gravity. Some additional forces such as magnetic field, thermal radiation, Eckert number, heat source, and thermal slip condition are adopted in this analysis. The leading equations are transformed into dimensionless format by employing appropriate variables and then evaluated by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The obtained results are compared with published results and found a good agreement with those published results. Also, the results of HAM are compared with those of numerical method and found a good agreement as well. The fluctuations within the flow profiles are showcased utilizing figures and tables, followed by an in-depth discussion and analysis. The outcomes of this work show that the higher volume fractions of copper and alumina nanoparticles improved the hybrid nanofluid viscosity, which results in the augmenting variation in the velocity profiles. The higher volume fractions of copper and alumina nanoparticles improved the hybrid nanofluid thermal conductivity, which results in the augmenting variation in thermal distribution. The growing mixed convection factor amplifies the buoyancy force toward the stagnation point flow, which enlarges the velocity panel. The effects of hybrid nanoparticles (Cu-Al2O3/water) at the surface are smaller on friction force and larger in case of thermal flow rate when compared to the nanofluids (Cu/water and Al2O3/water).

Nanofluids have many applications in industries as well as engineering such as biomedicine, manufacturing, and electronics. Nanofluid is used for improvement of thermal and mass transmission. Based on the aforementioned applications, in the present study, a two-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid with thermal radiation effect on the existence of motile microorganisms over a vertically stretchable surface is explored. The consequence of heat absorption, the efficiency of heat flux in a porous medium, viscous dissipations, and Joule heating impacts are considered. The Brownian and thermophoretic diffusion effects have been evaluated. In addition, the binary chemical reaction is taken into account to evaluate the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mixed convection flow. Graphene nanoparticles are suspended in so-called engine oil (base fluid). The proposed liquid model depends on the governing nonlinear equations of velocity, temperature, the concentration of nanoparticles, and motile gyrotactic microorganisms. In order to transform highly nonlinear partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, an appropriate similarity transformation is exploited. For the solution of the present study, the homotopy analysis method-technique in Mathematica-12 is used. The fluctuation of velocity, temperature, concentration, and gyrotactic microorganisms’ characteristics for numerous flow parameters is discussed in detail. Some important fallouts of the existing study are that the Maxwell liquid parameter, Eckert number, and magnetic parameter lessen the nanoliquid velocity. But the fluid temperature becomes higher for growing estimates of the Brownian motion and thermophoretic factors. The radiation and chemical reaction parameters have declining impacts on the solutal profile. The motile microorganism profile shows a decrement in bioconvection Lewis and Rayleigh numbers. The nanofluid thermal profile is improved but the nanofluid velocity declined through the augmentation of volume fraction. Also, the coefficient of skin friction and Nusselt number are obtained versus various flow parameters.

In this study, the (Cu and Al2O3/water) hybrid nanofluid flow is carried out in a porous cavity. The thermophysical structures of solid materials are used from the available literature to improve the thermal performance of the base fluid. The mathematical model as a porous cavity is mainly used in the distillation process and is vital for the storage of thermal energy. The magnetic field is also employed perpendicular to the flow field and the impact of the magnetic parameter examined versus fluid motion. Similarity variables are used to transform governing equations as simplified partial differential equations. The model is solved using the control volume-based finite element method. Boussinesq–Darcy force is employed for the motion of the fluid flow, and the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to assess the characteristics of the hybrid nanofluids. The roles of the Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, porosity factor in the porous medium, and drag fin improve traditional fluids’ thermal distribution presentation. Recent results predict that the two different kinds of nanoparticles speed up the heat transfer through the porous cavity. The percentage analysis shows that the hybrid nanofluids (Cu and Al2O3/water) are prominent in improving traditional fluids’ thermal distribution. Finally, the grid sensitivity test is also carried out for hybrid nanoparticles to demonstrate that the results are asymptotically coherent.

This study is focused to elaborate on the effect of heat source/sink on the flow of non-Newtonian Burger nanofluid toward the stretching sheet and cylinder. The current flow analysis is designed in the form of higher order nonlinear partial differential equations along with convective heat and zero mass flux conditions. Suitable similarity transformations are used for the conversion of higher order nonlinear partial differential equations into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. For the computation of graphical and tabular results, the most powerful analytical technique, known as the homotopy analysis method, is applied to the resulting higher order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The consequence of distinct flow parameters on the Burger nanofluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are determined and debated in a graphical form. The key outcomes of this study are that the Burger nanofluid parameter and Deborah number have reduced the velocity of the Burger nanofluid for both the stretching sheet and cylinder. Also, it is attained that the Burger nanofluid temperature is elevated with the intensifying of thermal Biot number for both stretching sheet and cylinder. The Burger nanofluid concentration becomes higher with the escalating values of Brownian motion parameter and Lewis number for both stretching sheet and cylinder. The Nusselt number of the Burger nanofluid upsurges due to the increment of thermal Biot number for both stretching sheet and cylinder. Also, the different industrial and engineering applications of this study were obtained. The presented model can be used for a variety of industrial and engineering applications such as biotechnology, electrical engineering, cooling of devices, nuclear reactors, mechanical engineering, pharmaceutical science, bioscience, medicine, cancer treatment, industrial-grid engines, automobiles, and many others.

The influence of boundary layer flow of heat transfer analysis on hybrid nanofluid across an extended cylinder is the main focus of the current research. In addition, the impressions of magnetohydrodynamic, porous medium and thermal radiation are part of this investigation. Arrogate similarity variables are employed to transform the governing modelled partial differential equations into a couple of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A numerical approach based on the BVP Midrich scheme in MAPLE solver is employed for solution of the set of resulting ordinary differential equations and obtained results are compared with existing literature. The effect of active important physical parameters like Magnetic Field, Porosity parameter, Eckert number, Prandtl number and thermal radiation parameters on dimensionless velocity and energy fields are employed via graphs and tables. The velocity profile decreased by about 65% when the magnetic field parameter values increases from 0.5 to 1.5. On the other hand increased by 70% on energy profile. The energy profile enhanced by about 62% when the Radiation parameter values increases from 1.0 < Rd < 3.0. The current model may be applicable in real life practical implications of employing Engine oil-SWCNTs-MWCNTs-TiO2 nanofluids on cylinders encompass enhanced heat transfer efficiency, and extended component lifespan, energy savings, and environmental benefits. This kind of theoretical analysis may be used in daily life applications, such as engineering and automobile industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]