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1. Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis revealed by a manic episode: insights from frontal lobe dysfunction in neuropsychiatry through neuropsychology and metabolic imaging. A case report

Author: Federica Porpiglia, Maxime Guillaume, Evangeline Bliaux, Dimitri Psimaras, Pierre Decazes, Olivier Guillin, Maud Rothärmel, and Alexandre Morin
Subjects: anti-LGI1 encephalitis, limbic encephalitis, autoimmune manic syndrome, FDG-PET, behavior, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: BackgroundAnti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is a limbic encephalitis that rarely presents as an isolated psychiatric syndrome.Case presentationA 70-year-old patient first presented with behavioral disorder including hyperactivity, euphoria, with disinhibition and accelerated speech associated with severe insomnia and cognitive disorder. A manic episode was diagnosed and he received various psychotropic medications with no improvement. Invesitgations were negative (MRI showed T2 aspecific hyperintensities with no hyperintensities in limbic regions and EEG was normal). He was transferred to a nursing home, with a diagnosis of neurodegenerative condition. Later, he was referred to our unit for further investigations. A cerebral 18F-FDG-PET revealed an association of frontal hypometabolism and temporal and striatum hypermetabolism and CSF analysis revealed slightly increased white blood cell counts. Plasmatic anti-LGI1 antibodies were detected. The patient was treated with intra-venous immunoglobulin (IvIg) but showed no improvement. Second-line treatment (a combination of rituximab and cyclophosmphamide) was then administered for a year, leading to an improvement of neuropsychiatric symptoms and normalization of metabolic impairment on 18F-FDG-PET.ConclusionIn this report, we describe a novel case of a patient withanti-LGI1 encephalitis with a predominant long-term psychiatric presentation. An atypical presentation (such as atypical psychiatric symptoms, neurocognitive disorder, and hyponatremia) should prompt further investigations such as CSF analysis, considering that MRI and EEG may be normal. FDG-PET might be of interest but few data are available in the literature. Early treatment of anti-LGI1 encephalitis is crucial for overall prognosis and may delay the development of dementia in some cases.
Published: 2023
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2. Attributing a Causal Agent and Assessing the Severity of Non-Stand Replacing Disturbances in a Northern Hardwood Forest using Landsat-Derived Vegetation Indices

Author: Alexandre Morin-Bernard, Alexis Achim, and Nicholas C. Coops
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Technology
Abstract: Non-stand-replacing disturbances are major drivers of northern hardwood forest dynamics, but are more challenging to characterize using satellite imagery than stand-replacing events. This study proposes a hurdle approach in which disturbance causal agents are first attributed to permanent sample plots that were either partially harvested, had sustained damage from an ice storm or remained undisturbed during the observation period, reaching an overall accuracy of 82.9%. Ordinary least square regression was then used to develop disturbance-specific models to assess the severity of partial harvests and damage from ice storms, with r-squared values of 0.57 and 0.59, respectively. The disturbance-specific models included a different set of predictors, confirming the importance of attributing a causal agent to a disturbance before assessing its severity. The sequence of models was implemented regionally to produce severity maps for two disturbance events, revealing within-stand variability in the severity that could be useful for the planning of future silvicultural actions. Although the proposed models offer acceptable performance, more research is needed to include additional disturbance agents and develop models that better capture the small variations in the spectral reflectance caused by low-severity disturbances, especially in the case of low-intensity partial harvests.
Published: 2023
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3. Epilepsy in the Sanaga‐Mbam valley, an onchocerciasis‐endemic region in Cameroon: electroclinical and neuropsychological findings

Author: Alexandre Morin, Maxime Guillaume, Leonard Ngarka, Godwin Y. Tatah, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Guillaume Wyart, Ghislain Nokam, Thierry Tchoumi, Mary Bello Nkinin, Wepnyu Y. Njamnshi, Eric‐Samuel Chokote, Michel Boussinesq, Robert Colebunders, Cédric B. Chesnais, Gilles Gargala, Dominique Parain, and Alfred K. Njamnshi
Subjects: onchocerciasis, epilepsy, neuropsychology, electrophysiology, nodding syndrome, Cameroon, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract Objective Epilepsy is highly prevalent in onchocerciasis‐endemic African regions. Various types of epilepsy have been described in such regions based essentially on clinical characteristics. Methods We conducted a clinical, neurophysiological and neuropsychological study of epilepsy in the onchocerciasis‐endemic region of Ntui, Sanaga‐Mbam area, Cameroon. Results One hundred and eighty‐seven persons with presumed epilepsy were recruited in an epilepsy clinic in Ntui. Epilepsy was clinically confirmed in 144 (79%) subjects, 69 (46.0%) of them met the onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy (OAE) criteria, and 51 of 106 tested (48.1%) presented Ov16 antibodies. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded in 91 participants, of which 36 (33%) were considered abnormal and 27 of 36 (75%) revealed bifrontotemporal spike and slow waves. Concerning the neuropsychological evaluation, 29% showed severe global cognitive impairment, 28% severe episodic memory impairment, and 66% severe frontal cognitive impairment. Half of the persons with epilepsy (PWE) suffered from a mental disorder. Significance In PWE in the Sanaga‐Mbam area in Cameroon, we observed EEG patterns similar to those described among persons with OAE, including nodding syndrome in other onchocerciasis‐endemic areas. Most PWE presented with severe cognitive impairment. We hypothesize that onchocerciasis may induce neurocognitive disorders and epilepsy via a mechanism that involves mainly the frontal and temporal regions of the brain.
Published: 2021
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4. Global Cerebral Ischemia in Male Long Evans Rats Impairs Dopaminergic/ΔFosB Signalling in the Mesocorticolimbic Pathway Without Altering Delay Discounting Rates

Author: Alexandre Morin, Marilou Poitras, and Hélène Plamondon
Subjects: global cerebral ischemia, delay discounting, impulsive choice, behavioural impulsivity, predator odour, mesocorticolimbic system, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rats has been shown to promote exploration of anxiogenic zones of the Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field Test (OFT). This study investigated changes in impulsive choice and/or defensive responses as possible contributors of heightened anxiogenic exploration observed after ischemia. Impulsivity was assessed using delay discounting (DD) paradigms, while the Predator Odour Test (PO) served to assess changes in defensive responses towards a naturally aversive stimulus. Male Long Evans rats underwent 9 days of autoshaping training and 24 days of DD training prior to GCI or sham surgery (n = 9/group). Post-surgery, rats completed the OFT, EPM, and PO, followed by 6 days of DD sessions. Blood droplets served to evaluate corticosterone secretion associated with PO exposure. With impulsivity being regulated through mesocorticolimbic monoaminergic pathways, we also characterised post-ischemic changes in the expression of dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2), dopamine transporters (DAT), and 1FosB in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) and shell (NAcS), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) using immunohistofluorescence. Our findings revealed no impact of GCI on delay discounting rates, while PO approach behaviours were minimally affected. Nonetheless, GCI significantly reduced DRD2 and ΔFosB-ir in the NAcS and NAcC, respectively, while DAT-ir was diminished in both NAc subregions. Collectively, our findings refine the understanding of cognitive-behavioural and biochemical responses following stroke or cardiac arrest. They support significant alterations to the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathway after ischemia, which are not associated with altered impulsive choice in a DD task but may influence locomotor exploration of the OFT and EPM.
Published: 2022
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5. Recovery from cortical blindness with mepivacaïne

Author: Laurent Cohen, Amélie Ponchel, Aurélie Kas, Sébastian Ströer, Antoine Del Cul, Guillaume Guérineau de Lamérie, Randa El Hachem, Piirika Crépin, and Alexandre Morin
Subjects: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract We report the case of a patient suffering from cortical blindness following bilateral occipital stroke, who recovered normal vision in his right visual field following injection of the local anesthetic mepivacaïne. The effect was transient but reproducible, allowing the patient to lead a normal life. Effect duration increased after adjunction of paroxetine. We provide anatomical and functional brain imaging correlates of this improvement, showing particularly how functional connectivity is restored between intact perilesional cortex and distant brain regions. This serendipitous finding may potentially benefit patients suffering from visual but also nonvisual handicap following brain lesions.
Published: 2019
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6. Adult Male Rats Show Resilience to Adolescent Bisphenol A Effects on Hormonal and Behavioral Responses While Co-Exposure With Hop Extracts Supports Synergistic Actions

Author: Alexandre Morin, Lise Van de Beeck, Emmanuelle Person, and Helene Plamondon
Subjects: bisphenol A, hop extracts, adolescence, corticosterone, testosterone, anxiety, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270
Abstract: The adolescence period, marked by sexual and brain maturation, has shown sensitivity to various environmental disruptors. Exposure to the xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) is known to alter physiological and behavioral responses although its role at this critical period remains largely unknown. Recent research further suggests biochemical and genomic effects of BPA to be mitigated by various natural compounds, while effects on behavior have not been examined. This study aimed to characterize (1) the effects of dietary BPA during adolescence on endogenous corticosterone (CORT) secretion, emotional behavior, and testosterone (T) in adulthood, and (2) the impact of combined exposure to BPA with hop extracts (Hop), a phytoestrogen with anxiolytic properties. To do so, four groups of male Wistar rats [postnatal day (PND) 28] were administered corn oil (control), BPA (40 mg/kg), hops (40 mg/kg), or BPA-hops by oral gavage for 21 days (PND 28–48). Blood droplets collected on PND 28, 48, and 71 served to measure CORT and T changes. As adults, rats were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM), the social interaction test, and the forced swim test. Our findings demonstrated elevated anxiety and a trend toward depressive-like behaviors in BPA- compared to hops-exposed rats. However, BPA intake had no impact on basal CORT levels, or adulthood T secretion and sociability. Of note, BPA's anxiogenic effect manifested through decreased EPM open arm entries was abolished by hops co-supplementation. Together, our observations suggest the adolescence period to be less sensitive to deleterious effects of BPA than what has been reported upon gestational and perinatal exposure.
Published: 2021
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7. A 3D-psoriatic skin model for dermatological testing: The impact of culture conditions

Author: Alexandra Duque-Fernandez, Lydia Gauthier, Mélissa Simard, Jessica Jean, Isabelle Gendreau, Alexandre Morin, Jacques Soucy, Michèle Auger, and Roxane. Pouliot
Subjects: Pathogenesis, 3D-psoriatic skin model, Culture conditions, Physical characterization of the stratum corneum, FTIR experiments, Percutaneous absorption, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Inadequate representation of the human tissue environment during a preclinical screen can result in inaccurate predictions of compound effects. Consequently, pharmaceutical investigators are searching for preclinical models that closely resemble original tissue for predicting clinical outcomes.The current research aims to compare the impact of using serum-free medium instead of complete culture medium during the last step of psoriatic skin substitute reconstruction. Skin substitutes were produced according to the self-assembly approach.Serum-free conditions have no negative impact on the reconstruction of healthy or psoriatic skin substitutes presented in this study regarding their macroscopic or histological appearances. ATR-FTIR results showed no significant differences in the CH2 bands between psoriatic substitutes cultured with or without serum, thus suggesting that serum deprivation did not have a negative impact on the lipid organization of their stratum corneum. Serum deprivation could even lead to a better organization of healthy skin substitute lipids. Percutaneous analyses demonstrated that psoriatic substitutes cultured in serum-free conditions showed a higher permeability to hydrocortisone compared to controls, while no significant differences in benzoic acid and caffeine penetration profiles were observed.Results obtained with this 3D-psoriatic skin substitute demonstrate the potential and versatility of the model. It could offer good prediction of drug related toxicities at preclinical stages performed in order to avoid unexpected and costly findings in the clinic.Together, these findings offer a new approach for one of the most important challenges of the 21st century, namely, prediction of drug toxicity.•Impact of serum-free conditions during psoriatic skin substitutes reconstruction.•Lipids disorganization of healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes.•Permeation profiles of healthy skin substitutes.•Permeation profiles of psoriatic skin substitutes.•Potential and veratility of a 3d-reconstructed model to perform dermatological testing.
Published: 2016
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8. Flowing Active Liquids in a Pipe: Hysteretic Response of Polar Flocks to External Fields

Author: Alexandre Morin and Denis Bartolo
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We investigate the response of colloidal flocks to external fields. We first show that individual colloidal rollers align with external flows, as would a classical spin with magnetic fields. Assembling polar active liquids from colloidal rollers, we experimentally demonstrate their hysteretic response: Confined colloidal flocks can proceed against external flows. We theoretically explain this collective robustness, using an active hydrodynamic description, and show how orientational elasticity and confinement protect the direction of collective motion. Finally, we exploit the intrinsic bistability of confined active flows to devise self-sustained microfluidic oscillators.
Published: 2018
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9. The bidirectional relationship between quality of life and eating disorder symptoms: a 9-year community-based study of Australian women.

Author: Deborah Mitchison, Alexandre Morin, Jonathan Mond, Shameran Slewa-Younan, and Phillipa Hay
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: ObjectiveStudies that have investigated quality of life (QoL) in eating disorders (EDs) have been focussed on the impact of the ED on QoL and little is known regarding the possible reciprocal impact of QoL on EDs. The aim of this study was to provide a first-time investigation of possible bidirectional relationships between EDs and both health-related QoL (HRQoL) and psychological distress (PD).MethodStructural equation modeling was applied to longitudinal data collected from a community sample of Australian women (N = 828) surveyed at baseline, five annual follow-ups, and again after nine years. Participants reported height and weight (from which body mass index, BMI, was calculated) and completed measures of ED symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), HRQoL (12-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form), and PD (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale).ResultsOverall, evidence was found for a bidirectional relationship, whereby ED symptoms predicted reduced HRQoL and greater PD over time, while lower levels of HRQoL and greater PD in turn predicted increased levels of ED symptoms. These relationships were stable, observable within 12 months, and remained observable over a time period of at least four years. However, also observed were some inconsistent findings where ED symptoms predicted a short term (one year) improvement in mental HRQoL. This short term boost was not sustained at longer follow-ups.ConclusionsNot only do ED symptoms impact on HRQoL and PD, but perceived poor HRQoL and PD also contribute to ED symptom development or exacerbation. This supports a movement away from symptom-centric approaches whereby HRQoL is conceptualized as a passive outcome expected to be rectified by addressing ED symptoms. Improvement in QoL and PD might rather be viewed as targets to be pursued in their own right under broader approaches in the treatment of EDs.
Published: 2015
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10. Accuracy of MRI Classification Algorithms in a Tertiary Memory Center Clinical Routine Cohort.

Author: Alexandre Morin, Jorge Samper-González, Anne Bertrand, Sebastian Ströer, Didier Dormont, Aline Mendes, Pierrick Coupé, Jamila Ahdidan, Marcel Lévy, Dalila Samri, Harald Hampel, Bruno Dubois, Marc Teichmann, Stéphane Epelbaum, and Olivier Colliot
Published: 2020

11. Ambulatory surgery for Moses holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: A prospective, real-practice study from a single center

Author: Alexandre Morin, Stéphanie Boulet, and Samuel Lagabrielle
Subjects: Oncology, Urology
Abstract: Introduction: Use of ambulatory holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is uncommon among Canadian urologists. Our objectives were to determine the feasibility (ambulatory success rate) and safety (early complication rate) of ambulatory HoLEP in a Canadian population. Methods: We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients from June 2020 to May 2022 presenting for ambulatory HoLEP using MosesTM technology at our institution (MoLEP). Ambulatory success was defined as no hospital admission within 48 hours following the procedure. Thirty-day adverse events were also identified and graded according to the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification. All procedures were planned to be ambulatory regardless of prostate size or anticoagulant treatment. We generated a logistic regression model to identify factors associated with ambulatory failure. Results: A total of 61 patients underwent MoLEP, 52 of whom met the eligibility criteria. The mean age was 71.0 years (standard deviation 6.2). Most patients (67%, 35/52) were catheter or self-catheterization-dependent. The ambulatory success rate was 87% (45/52), 6/52 (11.5%) required hospitalization following MoLEP, and one patient (2%) was re-admitted within 48 hours of the procedure. Hematuria was the sole cause of ambulatory failure. Thirty-day major complication rate (CD ≥3) was 6% (3/52) and the minor complication rate (CD
Published: 2023
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12. Psychiatric Burden in a Large Cohort of Adults With Niemann Pick Type C Disease: From Psychotic Symptoms to Frontal Lobe Behavioral Disorders

Author: Alexandre Morin, Guilhem Carle, Amelie Ponchel, Gorka Fernandez-Eulate, and Yann Nadjar
Abstract: Objectives: To describe Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) behavioral symptoms (focusing on psychotic symptoms) and its relation to frontal lobe functioning. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of NPC-patients followed in the Lysosomal Diseases reference center in Paris Pitié-Salpêtrière. We collected demographic data, psychiatric clinical manifestations, psychometric scales, and extended neuropsychological data including executive and behavioral frontal lobe functions evaluations. Results: Nineteen patients were included in the study with ten of them having experienced at least one acute psychotic episode, being inaugural for six of them. Most of the patients suffered from behavioral (15/17) and cognitive disorders (18/19) (including executive dysfunction (11/12), apathy (13/17), impaired social cognition (11/13) and stereotyped behaviors (5/10)). For five patients, quality of life was significantly impaired by these abnormal behaviors. Concerning frontal neuropsychological evaluation, Facial emotion recognition was by far the most performed neuropsychological test (n=8) and the score was always abnormal. It is noteworthy that psychotic symptoms were often drug resistant (8/9) and that Miglustat was associated with a better control of psychotic symptoms. Conclusions: We report a high frequency of psychiatric symptoms in NP-C encompassing acute psychotic manifestations, presenting often early in the course of the disease with atypical features. We also report disabling behavioral manifestations related to frontal dysfunction.
Published: 2023
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13. Repulsive torques alone trigger crystallization of constant speed active particles

Author: Marine Le Blay and Alexandre Morin
Subjects: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), FOS: Physical sciences, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: We investigate the possibility for self-propelled particles to crystallize without reducing their intrinsic speed. We illuminate how, in the absence of any force, the competition between self-propulsion and repulsive torques determines the macroscopic phases of constant-speed active particles. This minimal model expands upon existing approaches for an improved understanding of crystallization of active matter.
Published: 2022
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14. How messages about behavioral genetics research can impact on genetic attribution beliefs [version 2; referees: 3 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]

Author: Alexandre Morin-Chassé
Subjects: Research Article, Articles, Behavioral Neuroscience, Public Engagement, science communication, public understanding of science, behavior genetics, genetic attribution, biased assimilation, genetic interpolation effect, media effects, survey experiment
Abstract: Science communication has the potential to reshape public understanding of science. Yet, some research findings are more difficult to explain and more likely to be misunderstood. The contribution of this paper is threefold. It opens with a review of fascinating interdisciplinary literature on how scientific research about human genetics is disseminated in the media, and how this type of information could influence public beliefs and world views. It then presents the theoretical framework for my research program, providing a logical basis for how messages about human genetics may influence people's beliefs about the role of genes in causing human traits. Based on this reasoning, I formulate the genetic interpolation hypothesis, which predicts that messages about specific research findings in behavioral genetics can lead members of the public to infer greater genetic causation for other social traits not mentioned in the content of the message. While this framework offers clear, testable predictions, some questions remain unaddressed. For instance, what kind of message formats are persuasive enough to alter people's views? The third contribution of this paper is to begin to address this question empirically. I present the results of a survey experiment that was designed to test whether a simple, short paragraph about behavioral genetics is a powerful enough stimulus to cause the genetic interpolation effect.
Published: 2018
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15. Epilepsy in the Sanaga‐Mbam valley, an onchocerciasis‐endemic region in Cameroon: electroclinical and neuropsychological findings

Author: Cédric B Chesnais, Eric Samuel Chokote, Maxime Guillaume, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Thierry Tchoumi, Ghislain Nokam, Guillaume Wyart, Dominique Parain, Robert Colebunders, Michel Boussinesq, Tatah Y. Godwin, Alexandre Morin, Alfred K. Njamnshi, Gilles Gargala, Leonard Ngarka, Wepnyu Y. Njamnshi, Mary Bello Nkinin, Department of neurology, university hospital of Rouen, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, neuropsychology, Epilepsy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Humans, Medicine, Cameroon, RC346-429, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, nodding syndrome, business.industry, Nodding Syndrome, onchocerciasis, Neuropsychology, Electroencephalography, electrophysiology, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Neurology, Full‐length Original Research, epilepsy, Human medicine, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Neurology (clinical), business, Onchocerciasis
Abstract: Objective Epilepsy is highly prevalent in onchocerciasis-endemic African regions. Various types of epilepsy have been described in such regions based essentially on clinical characteristics. Methods We conducted a clinical, neurophysiological and neuropsychological study of epilepsy in the onchocerciasis-endemic region of Ntui, Sanaga-Mbam area, Cameroon. Results One hundred and eighty-seven persons with presumed epilepsy were recruited in an epilepsy clinic in Ntui. Epilepsy was clinically confirmed in 144 (79%) subjects, 69 (46.0%) of them met the onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) criteria, and 51 of 106 tested (48.1%) presented Ov16 antibodies. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded in 91 participants, of which 36 (33%) were considered abnormal and 27 of 36 (75%) revealed bifrontotemporal spike and slow waves. Concerning the neuropsychological evaluation, 29% showed severe global cognitive impairment, 28% severe episodic memory impairment, and 66% severe frontal cognitive impairment. Half of the persons with epilepsy (PWE) suffered from a mental disorder. Significance In PWE in the Sanaga-Mbam area in Cameroon, we observed EEG patterns similar to those described among persons with OAE, including nodding syndrome in other onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Most PWE presented with severe cognitive impairment. We hypothesize that onchocerciasis may induce neurocognitive disorders and epilepsy via a mechanism that involves mainly the frontal and temporal regions of the brain.
Published: 2021
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16. Short-Term Fish Oil Supplementation during Adolescence Supports Sex-Specific Impact on Adulthood Visuospatial Memory and Cognitive Flexibility

Author: Julie Raymond, Alexandre Morin, Marilou Poitras, and Hélène Plamondon
Subjects: Male, Cognition, Fish Oils, Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietary Supplements, Animals, n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, sex-dependent, age-dependent, Barnes Maze Test, visuospatial memory, cognitive flexibility, Female, Rats, Wistar, Maze Learning, Rats, Food Science
Abstract: Numerous studies have supported benefits of omega-3 supplementation using Menhaden fish oil (FO) to promote brain maturation and plasticity during critical developmental periods. The goal of this study was to determine sex-specific immediate and delayed impact of adolescent omega-3 supplementation on visuospatial memory and cognitive flexibility. Sixty-four Wistar rats (n = 32 males and females) received daily FO or soybean oil (CSO) supplementation via oral gavage (0.3 mL/100 g body weight) from postnatal day 28–47. The Barnes Maze Test (BMT) was used to measure visuospatial memory and reversal learning trials (RL) determined cognitive flexibility. Juveniles underwent testing immediately after the gavage period, while adults began testing on postnatal day 90. Adult rats showed reduced working memory errors (WME) and gradual decrease in escape latencies compared to juveniles. Importantly, adult FO-supplemented females displayed fewer WME than males, while males’ performance benefited from CSO supplementation. Overall, sex- and supplementation-dependent effects supported a positive impact of FO in female rats only. Our findings support the potential for supplementation limited to the early adolescence period to influence adulthood spatial learning and cognitive flexibility in a sex-specific manner.
Published: 2022
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17. Skill Needs for Sustainable Agri-Food and Forestry Sectors (I): Assessment through European and National Focus Groups

Author: Luis Mayor, Line F. Lindner, Christoph F. Knöbl, Ana Ramalho, Remigio Berruto, Francesca Sanna, Daniele Rossi, Camilla Tomao, Billy Goodburn, Concha Avila, Marg Leijdens, Katharina Stollewerk, Michael Bregler, Christos Koidis, Alexandre Morin, Vesna Miličić, Giulia Fadini, Jonas Lazaro-Mojica, and Patrizia Busato
Subjects: Farmers, education, training, skill needs, farmers, food industry, forestry, focus groups, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Geography, Planning and Development, Training, Food Industry, Forestry, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Focus groups, Skill needs, Education
Abstract: The agri-food and forestry sectors are under increasing pressure to adapt to climate change, consumer concern, technological and economic change, and complex global value chains. In turn, such challenges require that the necessary skills and competences are identified at various levels and within specific areas of the sectors. For that purpose, eleven focus groups in nine different EU-countries and two at EU-level were organized within the ERASMUS+ project “FIELDS” with the participation of farmers, cooperatives, agri-food companies, foresters, forest industries, advisors, and education providers to identify the skills needed in the agri-food and forestry sectors. The focus group participants identified business and strategic management skills, communication skills, and other skills related to sustainability, entrepreneurship, digital and soft skills to be most important for the agri-food and forestry sectors as a whole.
Published: 2022

18. Communicating behavioral genetics: Charting the limits of the genetic interpolation effect [version 1; referees: 2 approved with reservations]

Author: Alexandre Morin-Chassé
Subjects: Research Article, Articles, Behavioral Neuroscience, Public Engagement, science communication, public understanding of science, behavior genetics, genetic attribution, biased assimilation, genetic interpolation effect, media effects, survey experiment
Abstract: Background: Scientific research has linked genetic predispositions to complex social behaviors and orientations. Recent empirical work in science communication suggests that the dissemination of these research findings can impact on public beliefs about the influence of genetics. The genetic interpolation hypothesis posits that exposure to this type of news causes the public to update their views about the influence of genetics on human beings and to infer greater genetic causation for other social traits that are not mentioned in the news content. The main purpose of this study is to test whether the genetic interpolation effect also emerges following exposure to a soft treatment: a short summary paragraph rather than a real news article. It also tests if specifying that a particular gene has a marginal effect succeeds at moderating the genetic interpolation effect. Finally, the study tests a counter-hypothesis: instead of resulting from belief updating, the genetic interpolation effect is triggered by the simple act of thinking about genetics shortly before reporting beliefs. Methods: In total, 2080 respondents were recruited from a pre-existing online panel and were randomly split into four experimental groups: group 1) no message; group 2) a paragraph about how genes can impact on voting behavior; group 3) the same paragraph as group 2, plus an indication that the effect of a particular gene is small; group 4) a paragraph about how genetics impact on physical traits such as eye color. Subjects were then asked to evaluate the role of genetics in causing three traits: voting at election; intelligence; and natural hair style (curly or straight). Results: The analyses reveal no evidence supporting the genetic interpolation hypothesis, the moderation hypothesis or the counter-hypothesis. Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest that exposure to a paragraph describing how genes can impact on complex social behavior is not sufficient to trigger the genetic interpolation effect.
Published: 2016
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19. Penetrance estimation of Alzheimer disease in SORL1 loss-of-function variant carriers using a family-based strategy and stratification by APOE genotypes

Author: Schramm, Catherine, Charbonnier, Camille, Zaréa, Aline, Lacour, Morgane, Wallon, David, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Olaso, Robert, Alarcon, Flora, Campion, Dominique, Nuel, Grégory, Nicolas, Gaël, Collaborators Daniela Andriuta, Pierre, Anthony, Sophie, Auriacombe, Anna-Chloé, Balageas, Guillaume, Ballan, Mélanie, Barbay, Emilie, Beaufils, Yannick, Béjot, Serge, Belliard, Marie, Benaiteau, Karim, Bennys, Frédéric, Blanc, Stéphanie, Bombois, Claire Boutoleau Bretonnière, Pierre, Branger, Jasmine, Carlier, Leslie, Cartz-Piver, Pascaline, Cassagnaud, Giovanni, Castelnovo, Christine, Champion, Annabelle, Chaussenot, Mathieu, Ceccaldi, Valérie, Chauviré, Yaohua, Chen, Julien, Cogez, Emmanuel, Cognat, Fabienne, Contegal-Callier, Lea, Corneille, Philippe, Couratier, Hélène, Courtemanche, Benjamin, Cretin, Charlotte, Crinquette, Bernard, Croisille, Benjamin, Dauriat, Sophie, Dautricourt, Vincent de la Sayette, Astrid De Liège, Marie De Verdal, Didier, Deffond, Benoit, Delpont, Florence, Demurger, Vincent, Deramecourt, Céline, Derollez, Mira, Didic, Giulia, Diemert, Elsa, Dionet, Philippe, Diraison, Aude, Doan, Martine Doco Fenzy, Boris, Dufournet, Julien, Dumurgier, Hélène, Durand, Anas, Dutray, Frédérique, Etcharry-Bouyx, Maté, Formaglio, Audrey, Gabelle, Anne, Gainche-Salmon, Jean-Claude, Getenet, Emmanuelle, Ginglinger, Olivier, Godefroy, Mathilde, Graber, Chloé, Gregoire, Stephan, Grimaldi, Julien, Gueniat, Claude, Gueriot, Sophie, Haffen, Lorraine, Hamelin, Didier, Hannequin, Cezara, Hanta, Clémence, Hardy, Geoffroy, Hautecloque, Camille, Heitz, Claire, Hourregue, Thérèse, Jonveaux, Snejana, Jurici, Catia, Khoumri, Lejla, Koric, Pierre, Krolak-Salmon, Pierre, Labauge, Morgane, Lacour, Julien, Lagarde, Hélène-Marie, Lanoiselée, Brice, Laurens, Isabelle Le Ber, Gwenaël Le Guyader, Amélie, Leblanc, Thibaud, Lebouvier, Anas, Lippi, Marie-Anne, Mackowiak, Eloi, Magnin, Cecilia, Marelli, Olivier, Martinaud, Aurélien, Maureille, Emilie, Milongo-Rigal, Sophie, Mohr, Hélène, Mollion, Olivier, Moreaud, Alexandre, Morin, Gaël, Nicolas, Julia, Nivelle, Camille, Noiray, Elisabeth, Ollagnon-Roman, Claire, Paquet, Jérémie, Pariente, Florence, Pasquier, Alexandre, Perron, Nathalie, Philippi, Virginie, Pichon, Vincent, Planche, Céline, Poirsier, Marie, Rafiq, Pauline, Rod-Olivieri, Adeline, Rollin-Sillaire, Carole, Roué-Jagot, Dario, Saracino, Marie, Sarazin, Mathilde, Sauvée, François, Sellal, Lila Sirven Villaros, Christel, Thauvin, Camille, Tisserand, Christophe, Tomasino, Cédric, Turpinat, Laurène Van Damme, Olivier, Vercruysse, Alice, Voilly, Nathalie, Wagemann, David, Wallon, Aline, Zarea, Shahzad, Ahmad, Philippe, Amouyel, Claudine, Berr, Anne, Boland, Paola, Bossu, Femke, Bouwman, Jose, Bras, Dominique, Campion, Camille, Charbonnier, Jordi, Clarimon, Antonio, Daniele, Jean-François, Dartigues, Stéphanie, Debette, Jean-François, Deleuze, Nicola, Denning, Oriol, Dols-Icardo, Nick, C Fox, Daniela, Galimberti, Emmanuelle, Génin, Hans, Gille, Benjamin, Grenier-Boley, Detelina, Grozeva, Rita, Guerreiro, John, J Hardy, Clive, Holmes, Henne, Holstege, Marc, Hulsman, Holger, Hummerich, M Arfan Ikram, M Kamran Ikram, Iris, Jansen, Amit, Kawalia, Robert, Kraaij, Jean-Charles, Lambert, Marc, Lathrop, Afina, W Lemstra, Alberto, Lleo, Lauren, Luckcuck, Marcel M A, M Mannens, Rachel, Marshall, Carlo, Masullo, Simon, Mead, Mecocci, Patrizia, Alun, Meggy, Merel, O Mol, Kevin, Morgan, Benedetta, Nacmias, Penny, J Norsworthy, Pau, Pastor, Olivier, Quenez, Alfredo, Ramirez, Rachel, Raybould, Richard, Redon, Marcel J, T Reinders, Anne-Claire, Richard, Steffi, G Riedel-Heller, Fernando, Rivadeneira, Stéphane, Rousseau, Natalie, S Ryan, Salha, Saad, Pascual, Sanchez-Juan, Philip, Scheltens, Jonathan, M Schott, Davide, Seripa, Daoud, Sie, Rebecca, Sims, Erik, Sistermans, Sandro, Sorbi, Resie van Spaendonk, Gianfranco, Spalleta, Nicćolo, Tesi, Betty, Tijms, André, G Uitterlinden, Wiesje, M van der Flier, Sven, J van der Lee, Cornelia, M van Duijn, Jeroen G, J van Rooij, John, C van Swieten, Pieter, J de Visser, Michael, Wagner, and Julie, Williams
Subjects: Genotype, Membrane Transport Proteins, Penetrance, Lifetime risk, Pedigree, Expectation-maximization algorithm, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Apolipoproteins E, Missing genotypes, Alzheimer Disease, Case-Control Studies, SORL1, Alzheimer, Genetics, Humans, Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology, LDL-Receptor Related Proteins, APOE, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common complex disorder with a high genetic component. Loss-of-function (LoF) SORL1 variants are one of the strongest AD genetic risk factors. Estimating their age-related penetrance is essential before putative use for genetic counseling or preventive trials. However, relative rarity and co-occurrence with the main AD risk factor, APOE-ε4, make such estimations difficult. Methods We proposed to estimate the age-related penetrance of SORL1-LoF variants through a survival framework by estimating the conditional instantaneous risk combining (i) a baseline for non-carriers of SORL1-LoF variants, stratified by APOE-ε4, derived from the Rotterdam study (N = 12,255), and (ii) an age-dependent proportional hazard effect for SORL1-LoF variants estimated from 27 extended pedigrees (including 307 relatives ≥ 40 years old, 45 of them having genotyping information) recruited from the French reference center for young Alzheimer patients. We embedded this model into an expectation-maximization algorithm to accommodate for missing genotypes. To correct for ascertainment bias, proband phenotypes were omitted. Then, we assessed if our penetrance curves were concordant with age distributions of APOE-ε4-stratified SORL1-LoF variant carriers detected among sequencing data of 13,007 cases and 10,182 controls from European and American case-control study consortia. Results SORL1-LoF variants penetrance curves reached 100% (95% confidence interval [99–100%]) by age 70 among APOE-ε4ε4 carriers only, compared with 56% [40–72%] and 37% [26–51%] in ε4 heterozygous carriers and ε4 non-carriers, respectively. These estimates were fully consistent with observed age distributions of SORL1-LoF variant carriers in case-control study data. Conclusions We conclude that SORL1-LoF variants should be interpreted in light of APOE genotypes for future clinical applications.
Published: 2022
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20. On Solutions to Equilibrium Problems for Systems of Stiffened Gases.

Author: Tore Flåtten, Alexandre Morin, and Svend Tollak Munkejord
Published: 2011
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21. Wave Propagation in Multicomponent Flow Models.

Author: Tore Flåtten, Alexandre Morin, and Svend Tollak Munkejord
Published: 2010
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22. Behavioral Genetics, Population Genetics, and Genetic Essentialism

Author: Alexandre Morin-Chassé
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Essentialism, 05 social sciences, Population, 050401 social sciences methods, 050301 education, Population genetics, Heritability, medicine.disease_cause, Determinism, Educational attainment, Education, 0504 sociology, Heredity, medicine, education, Psychology, 0503 education, Social psychology, Behavioural genetics
Abstract: The paper presents an experimental study that examines the conditions required for news about behavioral genetics to activate genetic essentialism beliefs. Nine hundred sixty-five adults living in the USA were randomly assigned to read either a control news article or one of the three versions of a news story about behavioral genetics. The cautious version presents a general introduction to behavioral genetics and examples while also discrediting the genetic determinist myth and clarifying that this field is not interested in studying differences between populations. Another version was identical to the cautious version, except that it mentioned high heritability estimates as supporting evidence. Finally, a third version included claims supporting Nicolas Wade’s (2014) main thesis, which argued that societies develop different institutions partly because of their population’s behavioral genetic predispositions. Compared to participants in the control group, those exposed to the high heritability version and the Wade’s thesis version reported higher scores on a scale measuring belief in genetics determinism. The results revealed no overall effect for the cautious version, but an exploratory interaction model indicates that reactions to this version vary depending on educational attainment. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Published: 2020
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23. Use of northern hardwoods in glued-laminated timber: a study of bondline shear strength and resistance to moisture

Author: Alexandre Morin-Bernard, Christian Dagenais, Pierre Blanchet, and Alexis Achim
Subjects: 040101 forestry, 0106 biological sciences, Yellow birch, biology, Moisture, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Bending, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 010608 biotechnology, Glued laminated timber, Hardwood, Shear strength, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Engineered wood, General Materials Science, Geotechnical engineering, Adhesive
Abstract: The growing demand for engineered wood products in the construction sector has resulted in the diversification of the product offer. Used marginally in structural products in North America, northern hardwoods are now attracting a growing interest from industry and policy makers because of their outstanding strength as well as their high availability and distinctive appearance. Currently, there is no standard in Canada governing the use of hardwoods in the manufacturing of glued-laminated timber. As part of a larger project aiming to assemble the basic knowledge that would lead to such standard, the specific objective of this study was to assess the shear strength in dry and wet conditions of assemblies made from different hardwood species and structural adhesives. Results suggest that a mean shear strength as high as 20.5 MPa for white oak, 18.8 MPa for white ash and respectively 18.2 MPa and 17.4 MPa for yellow birch and paper birch can be obtained in dry conditions. The choice of adhesive did not affect the dry shear strength of these specimens, but differences were observed in wet conditions. Specimens bonded with melamine-formaldehyde adhesive had generally the highest wet shear strength and wood failure values. These results also highlight the important influence of wood density on the percentage of failure that occurs in wood and, to a lesser extent, on shear strength. Further investigations on finger joint strength and full-size bending tests will allow confirming the potential for the investigated species to be used in glued-laminated timber.
Published: 2020
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24. Développement et applicabilité d’un test de dessin de mémoire auprès de patients avec et sans trouble sémantique

Author: Léopoldine Deheinzelin, Léa Delahoulière, Sophie Ouadghiri, Sybille Rey, Audrey Creusat, David Wallon, and Alexandre Morin
Subjects: Neurology, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2023
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25. Robotized camera system for real-time coaching of clinicians in emergency room.

Author: R. Lemieux, François Michaud, Patrice Masson, Christian Bellemarre, M. Martin, M.-è. Bernard, Philippe Fauteux, C. Julien, M. Lalonde-Filion, C. Morier, Alexandre Morin-Guimond, M.-A. Patry, and A. Saint-Pierre
Published: 2008
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26. Telemedicine in French Memory Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Alexandre Morin, Thibaut Pressat-Laffouilhere, Marie Sarazin, Julien Lagarde, Carole Roue-Jagot, Pauline Olivieri, Claire Paquet, Emmanuel Cognat, Julien Dumurgier, Florence Pasquier, Thibaut Lebouvier, Matthieu Ceccaldi, Olivier Godefroy, Olivier Martinaud, Julien Grosjean, Aline Zarea, David Maltête, David Wallon, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), GHU AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Imagerie Moléculaire in Vivo (IMIV - U1023 - ERL9218), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (OPTeN (UMR_S_1144 / U1144)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Lille, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche [Lille-Bailleul] (CMRR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Neuropsychologie et imagerie de la mémoire humaine (NIMH), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service d'informatique biomédicale [Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Service de neurologie [Rouen], Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), DESSAIVRE, Louise, Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, General Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, General Medicine, Telemedicine, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Treatments in dementia, Communicable Disease Control, Psychoactive drugs, Humans, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pandemics, Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract: International audience; This multicenter study was conducted in French memory clinics during the first COVID-2019 lockdown (March-May 2020). The objective was to evaluate the effect of a telemedicine consultation on treatment modification in dementia care. Among 874 patients who had a telemedicine consultation, 103 (10.7%) had treatment modifications, in particular those living with a relative or diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. A control group of patients referred March-May 2019 was also included. Treatment modification rate was similar between periods with an adjusted percentage difference of -4% (p = 0.27). Telemedicine consultations allowed treatment modifications with only a minor short-term negative impact on therapeutic strategies.
Published: 2022
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27. Telemedicine in French memory clinics during Covid‐19 crisis

Author: Alexandre Morin, Thibault Pressat‐Laffouilhere, Marie Sarazin, Julien Lagarde, Carole Roue‐Jagot, Claire Paquet, Emmanuel Cognat, Julien Dumurgier, Florence Pasquier, Thibaud Lebouvier, Mathieu Ceccaldi, Olivier Godefroy, Olivier Martinaud, Julien Grosjean, Aline Zarea, David Maltête, and David Wallon
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology
Published: 2021
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28. Global Cerebral Ischemia in Male Long Evans Rats Impairs Dopaminergic/ΔFosB Signalling in the Mesocorticolimbic Pathway Without Altering Delay Discounting Rates

Author: Alexandre Morin, Marilou Poitras, and Hélène Plamondon
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience, delay discounting, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, predator odour, mesocorticolimbic system, Cognitive Neuroscience, impulsive choice, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, behavioural impulsivity, RC321-571, Neuroscience, Original Research, global cerebral ischemia
Abstract: Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rats has been shown to promote exploration of anxiogenic zones of the Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field Test (OFT). This study investigated changes in impulsive choice and/or defensive responses as possible contributors of heightened anxiogenic exploration observed after ischemia. Impulsivity was assessed using delay discounting (DD) paradigms, while the Predator Odour Test (PO) served to assess changes in defensive responses towards a naturally aversive stimulus. Male Long Evans rats underwent 9 days of autoshaping training and 24 days of DD training prior to GCI or sham surgery (n = 9/group). Post-surgery, rats completed the OFT, EPM, and PO, followed by 6 days of DD sessions. Blood droplets served to evaluate corticosterone secretion associated with PO exposure. With impulsivity being regulated through mesocorticolimbic monoaminergic pathways, we also characterised post-ischemic changes in the expression of dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2), dopamine transporters (DAT), and 1FosB in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) and shell (NAcS), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) using immunohistofluorescence. Our findings revealed no impact of GCI on delay discounting rates, while PO approach behaviours were minimally affected. Nonetheless, GCI significantly reduced DRD2 and ΔFosB-ir in the NAcS and NAcC, respectively, while DAT-ir was diminished in both NAc subregions. Collectively, our findings refine the understanding of cognitive-behavioural and biochemical responses following stroke or cardiac arrest. They support significant alterations to the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathway after ischemia, which are not associated with altered impulsive choice in a DD task but may influence locomotor exploration of the OFT and EPM.
Published: 2021

29. Rapid characterization of neutral polymer brush with a conventional zetameter and a variable pinch of salt

Author: Mena Youssef, Antoine Aubret, Stefano Sacanna, Alexandre Morin, Jeremie Palacci, UCSD Department of physics (UCSD), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, New York University [New York] (NYU), and NYU System (NYU)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Polymer, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Polymer brush, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrophoresis, symbols.namesake, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Chemical physics, Electric field, symbols, Particle, Surface charge, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Debye length, Debye
Abstract: International audience; The fundamental and practical importance of particle stabilization has motivated various characterization methods for studying polymer brushes on particle surfaces. In this work, we show how one can perform sensitive measurements of polymer coating on colloidal particles using a commercial zetameter and salt solutions. By systematically varying the Debye length, we study the mobility of the polymer-coated particles in an applied electric field and show that the electrophoretic mobility of polymer-coated particles normalized by the mobility of non-coated particles is entirely controlled by the the polymer brush and independent of the native surface charge, here controlled with pH, or the surface-ion interaction. Our result is rationalized with a simple hydrodynamic model, allowing for the estimation of characteristics of the polymer coating: the brush length L, and the Brinkman length ξ , determined by its resistance to flows. We demonstrate that the Debye layer provides a convenient and faithful probe to the characterization of polymer coatings on particles. Because the method simply relies on a conventional zetameter, it is widely accessible and offers a practical tool to rapidly probe neutral polymer brushes, an asset in the development and utilization of polymer-coated colloidal particles.
Published: 2020
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30. Partisan strength and the politicization of global climate change: a re-examination of Schuldt, Roh, and Schwarz 2015

Author: Alexandre Morin-Chassé and Erick Lachapelle
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Global warming, Polarization (politics), 010501 environmental sciences, Public opinion, 01 natural sciences, Educational attainment, Democracy, Phenomenon, Environmental politics, Political science, Elite, Positive economics, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common
Abstract: In the USA, self-identified Republican supporters tend to be more skeptical about the existence and consequences of global climate change (GCC) than Democratic supporters. If this phenomenon is well established, discussions about the “partisan gap” often treat partisan groups as if they were two homogeneous blocks. In this article, we question this practice. According to theory, strong partisan identification (PID) puts pressure on partisans to hold beliefs that conform to elite discourse and to perceived in-group positions. Meanwhile, public opinion research on environmental issues offers reasons to expect greater heterogeneity among Republicans than among Democrats. This literature leads us to predict that strong Republicans will be more skeptical about GCC than Republican leaners, whereas among Democrats, PID strength will not be associated with greater confidence in the existence of GCC. Our study tests this hypothesis leveraging the characteristics of a unique dataset where strong partisans are purposively oversampled to facilitate group comparisons. Results from multivariate regression models support our prediction. Next, our study also examines how PID strength shapes more complex patterns found in the literature. Previous work has shown that, compared to Democrats, the views of Republicans are less correlated with educational attainment and more influenced by issue labeling (e.g., global warming vs climate change). Our study tests if PID strength also moderates these factors. This time, interaction models produce mixed results. Overall, our findings suggest that breaking down GCC beliefs by PID strength can reveal a more nuanced understanding of the differences between and within partisan groups.
Published: 2019
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31. Unravelling the impact of frontal lobe impairment for social dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1

Author: Alexandre Morin, Aurelie Funkiewiez, Alexandre Routier, Raphael Le Bouc, Nicolas Borderies, Damien Galanaud, Richard Levy, Mathias Pessiglione, Bruno Dubois, Bruno Eymard, Claire-Cecile Michon, Nathalie Angeard, Anthony Behin, Pascal Laforet, Tanya Stojkovic, and Carole Azuar
Subjects: General Engineering
Abstract: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder affecting muscular and extra muscular systems, including the central nervous system. Cerebral involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 is associated with subtle cognitive and behavioural disorders, of major impact on socio-professional adaptation. The social dysfunction and its potential relation to frontal lobe neuropsychology remain under-evaluated in this pathology. The neuroanatomical network underpinning that disorder is yet to disentangle. Twenty-eight myotonic dystrophy type 1 adult patients (mean age: 46 years old) and 18 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. All patients performed an exhaustive neuropsychological assessment with a specific focus on frontal lobe neuropsychology (motivation, social cognition and executive functions). Among them, 18 myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients and 18 healthy controls had a brain MRI with T1 and T2 Flair sequences. Grey matter segmentation, Voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness estimation were performed with Statistical Parametric Mapping Software SPM12 and Freesurfer software. Furthermore, T2 white matter lesions and subcortical structures were segmented with Automated Volumetry Software. Most patients showed significant impairment in executive frontal functions (auditory working memory, inhibition, contextualization and mental flexibility). Patients showed only minor difficulties in social cognition tests mostly in cognitive Theory of Mind, but with relative sparing of affective Theory of Mind and emotion recognition. Neuroimaging analysis revealed atrophy mostly in the parahippocampal and hippocampal regions and to a lesser extent in basal ganglia, regions involved in social navigation and mental flexibility, respectively. Social cognition scores were correlated with right parahippocampal gyrus atrophy. Social dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 might be a consequence of cognitive impairment regarding mental flexibility and social contextualization rather than a specific social cognition deficit such as emotion recognition. We suggest that both white matter lesions and grey matter disease could account for this social dysfunction, involving, in particular, the frontal-subcortical network and the hippocampal/arahippocampal regions, brain regions known, respectively, to integrate contextualization and social navigation.
Published: 2021

32. Primary Progressive Aphasia Associated With GRN Mutations: New Insights Into the Nonamyloid Logopenic Variant

Author: Bruno Dubois, Audrey Gabelle, François Sellal, Jérémie Pariente, Marie Sarazin, Agnès Camuzat, Raffaella Migliaccio, Frédérique Etcharry-Bouyx, Amandine Geraudie, Sophie Ferrieux, Simona Bottani, Carole Roué-Jagot, Mira Didic, Florence Pasquier, Leila Sellami, Alexis Brice, Olivier Colliot, Fabienne Clot, Marc Teichmann, Didier Hannequin, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière, Julien Lagarde, Cinzia Coppola, David Wallon, Richard Levy, Marie Noguès-Lassiaille, Dario Saracino, Aurélie Funkiewiez, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Olivier Martinaud, Isabelle Le Ber, Marion Houot, Stéphane Epelbaum, Sophie Auriacombe, Alexandre Morin, Vincent Deramecourt, Ftd-Als, Philippe Couratier, Daisy Rinaldi, Saracino, Dario, Ferrieux, Sophie, Noguès-Lassiaille, Marie, Houot, Marion, Funkiewiez, Aurélie, Sellami, Leila, Deramecourt, Vincent, Pasquier, Florence, Couratier, Philippe, Pariente, Jérémie, Géraudie, Amandine, Epelbaum, Stéphane, Wallon, David, Hannequin, Didier, Martinaud, Olivier, Clot, Fabienne, Camuzat, Agnè, Bottani, Simona, Rinaldi, Daisy, Auriacombe, Sophie, Sarazin, Marie, Didic, Mira, Boutoleau-Bretonnière, Claire, Thauvin-Robinet, Christel, Lagarde, Julien, Roué-Jagot, Carole, Sellal, Françoi, Gabelle, Audrey, Etcharry-Bouyx, Frédérique, Morin, Alexandre, Coppola, Cinzia, Levy, Richard, Dubois, Bruno, Brice, Alexi, Colliot, Olivier, Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Maria, Teichmann, Marc, Migliaccio, Raffaella, Le Ber, Isabelle, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Lille, CHU Limoges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuropsychologie et imagerie de la mémoire humaine (NIMH), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), GHU AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), The research leading to these results received funding from the Investissements davenir ANR-11-INBS-0011. This work was funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) FTLD-exome (to ILB, promotion by Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), PHRC Predict-PGRN (to ILB, promotion by Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris)., ANR-11-INBS-0011,NeurATRIS,Infrastructure de Recherche Translationnelle pour les Biothérapies en Neurosciences(2011), ANR-19-P3IA-0001,PRAIRIE,PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE(2019), Admin, Oskar, Infrastructures - Infrastructure de Recherche Translationnelle pour les Biothérapies en Neurosciences - - NeurATRIS2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0011 - INBS - VALID, PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE - - PRAIRIE2019 - ANR-19-P3IA-0001 - P3IA - VALID, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Apraxia, 050105 experimental psychology, Primary progressive aphasia, 03 medical and health sciences, Dementia aphasia, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Gyrus, Aphasia, Agrammatism, Internal medicine, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Prospective cohort study, business.industry, 05 social sciences, respiratory system, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Frontotemporal dementia
Abstract: ObjectiveTo determine relative frequencies and linguistic profiles of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants associated with GRN (progranulin) mutations and to study their neuroanatomic correlates.MethodsPatients with PPA carrying GRN mutations (PPA-GRN) were selected among a national prospective research cohort of 1,696 patients with frontotemporal dementia, including 235 patients with PPA. All patients with amyloid-positive CSF biomarkers were excluded. In this cross-sectional study, speech/language and cognitive profiles were characterized with standardized evaluations, and gray matter (GM) atrophy patterns using voxel-based morphometry. Comparisons were performed with controls and patients with sporadic PPA.ResultsAmong the 235 patients with PPA, 45 (19%) carried GRN mutations, and we studied 32 of these. We showed that logopenic PPA (lvPPA) was the most frequent linguistic variant (n = 13, 41%), followed by nonfluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA; n = 9, 28%) and mixed forms (n = 8, 25%). Semantic variant was rather rare (n = 2, 6%). Patients with lvPPA, qualified as nonamyloid lvPPA, presented canonical logopenic deficit. Seven of 13 had a pure form; 6 showed subtle additional linguistic deficits not fitting criteria for mixed PPA and hence were labeled as logopenic-spectrum variant. GM atrophy involved primarily left posterior temporal gyrus, mirroring neuroanatomic changes of amyloid-positive-lvPPA. Patients with nfvPPA presented agrammatism (89%) rather than apraxia of speech (11%).ConclusionsThis study shows that the most frequent PPA variant associated with GRN mutations is nonamyloid lvPPA, preceding nfvPPA and mixed forms, and illustrates that the language network may be affected at different levels. GRN testing is indicated for patients with PPA, whether familial or sporadic. This finding is important for upcoming GRN gene–specific therapies.
Published: 2021
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33. Radiological classification of dementia from anatomical MRI assisted by machine learning-derived maps

Author: Béatrice Marro, Marc Teichmann, Paul Beunon, Olivier Colliot, Jorge Samper-González, Pierre Chagué, Alexandre Morin, Didier Dormont, Marion Houot, Sarah Fadili, Stéphane Epelbaum, Bruno Dubois, Lionel Arrivé, Colliot, Olivier, PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE - - PRAIRIE2019 - ANR-19-P3IA-0001 - P3IA - VALID, Institut de Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris - - IHU-A-ICM2010 - ANR-10-IAHU-0006 - IAHU - VALID, Data-driven models for Progression Of Neurological Disease - EuroPOND - - H2020 Pilier Societal Challenges2016-01-01 - 2019-12-31 - 666992 - VALID, Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Radiologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (IM2A), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], FRONTLAB: Fonctions et dysfonctions de systèmes frontaux [ICM Paris] (FRONTlab), The research leading to these results has received funding from the French government under management of Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the 'Investissements d'avenir' program, reference ANR-19-P3IA-0001 (PRAIRIE 3IA Institute)and reference ANR-10-IAIHU-06 (Agence Nationale de la Recherche-10-IA Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-6),from the European Union H2020 program (project EuroPOND, grant number 666992), and from the Abeona Foundation (project Brain@Scale)., ANR-19-P3IA-0001,PRAIRIE,PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE(2019), ANR-10-IAHU-0006,IHU-A-ICM,Institut de Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris(2010), European Project: 666992,H2020 Pilier Societal Challenges,H2020-PHC-2015-two-stage,EuroPOND(2016), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [Paris] (IM2A), Sorbonne Université (SU), FRONTlab - Systèmes frontaux : fonctions et dysfonctions (FRONTlab), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, diagnosis, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, education, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Diagnostic accuracy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Alzheimer Disease, Machine learning, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Dementia, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Brain, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Magnetic resonance imaging, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.disease, Clinical routine, artificial intelligence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Support vector machine, anatomical MRI, Workflow, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Frontotemporal Dementia, Radiological weapon, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Neurology (clinical), [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Frontotemporal dementia
Abstract: Background and purpose Many artificial intelligence tools are currently being developed to assist diagnosis of dementia from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, these tools have so far been difficult to integrate in the clinical routine workflow. In this work, we propose a new simple way to use them and assess their utility for improving diagnostic accuracy. Materials and methods We studied 34 patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), 49 with late-onset AD (LOAD), 39 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 24 with depression from the pre-existing cohort CLIN-AD. Support vector machine (SVM) automatic classifiers using 3D T1 MRI were trained to distinguish: LOAD vs. Depression, FTD vs. LOAD, EOAD vs. Depression, EOAD vs. FTD. We extracted SVM weight maps, which are tridimensional representations of discriminant atrophy patterns used by the classifier to take its decisions and we printed posters of these maps. Four radiologists (2 senior neuroradiologists and 2 unspecialized junior radiologists) performed a visual classification of the 4 diagnostic pairs using 3D T1 MRI. Classifications were performed twice: first with standard radiological reading and then using SVM weight maps as a guide. Results Diagnostic performance was significantly improved by the use of the weight maps for the two junior radiologists in the case of FTD vs. EOAD. Improvement was over 10 points of diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion This tool can improve the diagnostic accuracy of junior radiologists and could be integrated in the clinical routine workflow.
Published: 2021
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34. Enlightening behavioral disturbances in myotonic dystrophy type 1 through neuropsychology and imaging correlations: Insights from the frontal and temporal lobe functions

Author: Tanja Stojkovic, Bruno Dubois, Bruno Eymard, Alexandre Morin, Carole Azuar, Alexandre Routier, Aurélie Funkiewiez, and Olivier Colliot
Subjects: Epidemiology, Behavioral neurology, business.industry, Health Policy, Neuropsychology, Disease, Prodromal States, Neuropsychiatry, medicine.disease, Myotonic dystrophy, Temporal lobe, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Neuroscience
Published: 2020
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35. Primary Progressive Aphasia Associated With

Author: Dario, Saracino, Sophie, Ferrieux, Marie, Noguès-Lassiaille, Marion, Houot, Aurélie, Funkiewiez, Leila, Sellami, Vincent, Deramecourt, Florence, Pasquier, Philippe, Couratier, Jérémie, Pariente, Amandine, Géraudie, Stéphane, Epelbaum, David, Wallon, Didier, Hannequin, Olivier, Martinaud, Fabienne, Clot, Agnès, Camuzat, Simona, Bottani, Daisy, Rinaldi, Sophie, Auriacombe, Marie, Sarazin, Mira, Didic, Claire, Boutoleau-Bretonnière, Christel, Thauvin-Robinet, Julien, Lagarde, Carole, Roué-Jagot, François, Sellal, Audrey, Gabelle, Frédérique, Etcharry-Bouyx, Alexandre, Morin, Cinzia, Coppola, Richard, Levy, Bruno, Dubois, Alexis, Brice, Olivier, Colliot, Maria Luisa, Gorno-Tempini, Marc, Teichmann, Raffaella, Migliaccio, Isabelle, Le Ber, and Martine, Vercelletto
Subjects: Male, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Language Tests, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cohort Studies, Aphasia, Primary Progressive, Cross-Sectional Studies, Progranulins, Gene Frequency, Frontotemporal Dementia, Mutation, Humans, Speech, Female, Prospective Studies, Atrophy, Biomarkers, Aged
Abstract: To determine relative frequencies and linguistic profiles of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants associated withPatients with PPA carryingAmong the 235 patients with PPA, 45 (19%) carriedThis study shows that the most frequent PPA variant associated with
Published: 2020

36. High diagnostic value of plasma Niemann-Pick type C biomarkers in adults with selected neurological and/or psychiatric disorders

Author: Caroline Moreau, Carole Roué-Jagot, Daniele Mandia, Marion Plaze, Nicolas Mélé, Adrian Degardin, Serge Belliard, Mathieu Anheim, Cyril Goizet, Claire Ewenczyk, Pierre Ellul, Cécile Pagan, Angèle Consoli, David Wallon, Ali Amad, Isabelle Le Ber, Soumeya Bekri, Marie Sarazin, Alexandre Morin, Guilhem Carle, Yann Nadjar, Magali Pettazzoni, Julien Lagarde, Lorraine Hamelin, Foudil Lamari, Christine Tranchant, Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Adolescent, Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Miglustat, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Genetic Testing, Cognitive decline, Psychiatry, Child, Genetic testing, Neuroradiology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Early Diagnosis, Frontal lobe, Psychotic Disorders, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Biomarkers, medicine.drug
Abstract: Late-onset Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) is a rare, underdiagnosed lysosomal disease with neurological manifestations. A specific treatment, miglustat, can stabilize the disease if given early. Recently, three plasma screening biomarkers (PSBs) were developed [cholestane3beta,5alpha,6betatriol (C-triol), 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), and lysosphingomyelin-509 (LSM-509)], allowing a simpler and quite robust screening of patients suitable for genetic testing. The objective of our study was to evaluate practical utility and feasibility of large-scale PSB screening for NP-C in selected adult patients. Patients were prospectively enrolled if they showed, starting from 12 years of age, at least one of the three initial neuro-psychiatric manifestations described in NP-C: (1) gait disorder (cerebellar and/or dystonic); (2) cognitive decline with frontal lobe syndrome; (3) atypical psychosis. PSBs were measured in plasma of all patients and, if positive (LSM-509 and/or C-triol + 7-KC elevated), sequencing of NPC1 and NPC2 genes was performed. A total of 251 patients [136 males, 115 females; median age 42.1 (range 12.2-85.6) years] were screened. Six patients had positive PSBs. Two were confirmed to have NP-C (0.8% diagnostic yield, both with all three PSBs highly increased, especially LSM-509). False-positive rate was 1.2%, which was identical if only considering LSM-509. By contrast, false-positive rates were 8.1% and 5.7% for 7-KC and C-triol, respectively. We showed that selecting patients with neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms consistent with NP-C for large-scale PSB screening is a simple and valid strategy to identify new adult NP-C patients, and would probably lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment administration if widely applied.
Published: 2020
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37. Accuracy of MRI Classification Algorithms in a Tertiary Memory Center Clinical Routine Cohort

Author: Stéphane Epelbaum, Bruno Dubois, Alexandre Morin, Harald Hampel, Marcel Levy, Anne Bertrand, Didier Dormont, Jamila Ahdidan, Olivier Colliot, Marc Teichmann, Sébastian Ströer, Jorge Samper-González, Dalila Samri, Pierrick Coupé, Aline Mendes, Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Instituto Butantan [São Paulo], PICTURA, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Brainreader, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [Paris] (IM2A), Sorbonne Université (SU), Fédération de neurologie 4, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy [Goethe Universität], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Alzheimer Precision Medicine GRC n°21 (APM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], FRONTlab - Systèmes frontaux : fonctions et dysfonctions (FRONTlab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 AMP), PNRIA, ANR-19-P3IA-0001,PRAIRIE,PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE(2019), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (IM2A), Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 APM), FRONTLAB: Fonctions et dysfonctions de systèmes frontaux [ICM Paris] (FRONTlab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Groupe de recherche clinique Alzheimer Precision Medicine (GRC 21 - APM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Male, Support Vector Machine, Computer science, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Assessment of cognitive disorders/dementia, All Cognitive Disorders/Dementia, Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM), Volumetric MRI, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Brain, General Medicine, Alzheimer's disease, Middle Aged, Clinical routine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Cohort, Female, Alzheimer’s disease, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms, MRI, Neuroimaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Magnetic resonance imaging, Alzheimer Disease, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Assessment of cognitive disorders/Dementia, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Memory clinic, Univariate, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Reproducibility of Results, Pattern recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Support vector machine, Statistical classification, 030104 developmental biology, FOS: Biological sciences, Dementia, Artificial intelligence, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Cognition Disorders, Classifier (UML), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software, All cognitive disorders/dementia
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Automated volumetry software (AVS) has recently become widely available to neuroradiologists. MRI volumetry with AVS may support the diagnosis of dementias by identifying regional atrophy. Moreover, automatic classifiers using machine learning techniques have recently emerged as promising approaches to assist diagnosis. However, the performance of both AVS and automatic classifiers has been evaluated mostly in the artificial setting of research datasets. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the performance of two AVS and an automatic classifier in the clinical routine condition of a memory clinic. METHODS: We studied 239 patients with cognitive troubles from a single memory center cohort. Using clinical routine T1-weighted MRI, we evaluated the classification performance of: 1) univariate volumetry using two AVS (volBrain and Neuroreader™); 2) Support Vector Machine (SVM) automatic classifier, using either the AVS volumes (SVM-AVS), or whole gray matter (SVM-WGM); 3) reading by two neuroradiologists. The performance measure was the balanced diagnostic accuracy. The reference standard was consensus diagnosis by three neurologists using clinical, biological (cerebrospinal fluid) and imaging data and following international criteria. RESULTS: Univariate AVS volumetry provided only moderate accuracies (46% to 71% with hippocampal volume). The accuracy improved when using SVM-AVS classifier (52% to 85%), becoming close to that of SVM-WGM (52 to 90%). Visual classification by neuroradiologists ranged between SVM-AVS and SVM-WGM. CONCLUSION: In the routine practice of a memory clinic, the use of volumetric measures provided by AVS yields only moderate accuracy. Automatic classifiers can improve accuracy and could be a useful tool to assist diagnosis.
Published: 2020
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38. Parcours diagnostique des pathologies neurologiques à expression psychiatrique prédominante : à propos d’une série de cas

Author: Raphael Joly, Pierre Quesada, David Wallon, Olivier Guillin, David Maltête, and Alexandre Morin
Subjects: Neurology, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2022
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39. Sounds and hydrodynamics of polar active fluids

Author: Denis Bartolo, Alexandre Morin, and Delphine Geyer
Subjects: Physics, Wave propagation, Mechanical Engineering, Rotational symmetry, FOS: Physical sciences, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Coupling (physics), Rheology, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Polar, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Fluctuation spectrum, Sound wave
Abstract: Spontaneously flowing liquids have been successfully engineered from a variety of biological and synthetic self-propelled units. Together with their orientational order, wave propagation in such active fluids have remained a subject of intense theoretical studies. However, the experimental observation of this phenomenon has remained elusive. Here, we establish and exploit the propagation of sound waves in colloidal active materials with broken rotational symmetry. We demonstrate that two mixed modes coupling density and velocity fluctuations propagate along all directions in colloidal-roller fluids. We then show how the six materials constants defining the linear hydrodynamics of these active liquids can be measured from their spontaneous fluctuation spectrum, while being out of reach of conventional rheological methods. This active-sound spectroscopy is not specific to synthetic active materials and could provide a quantitative hydrodynamic description of herds, flocks and swarms from inspection of their large-scale fluctuations, Comment: 3 figures
Published: 2018
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40. Le Devoir de philo : Démocratie, liberté et politique

Author: Maxime Marcoux-Moisan, Laurent Jodoin, Hermel Cyr, Powen-Alexandre Morin, Simon Pelletier, André Lemelin, Simon Castonguay, Étienne Bolduc, Mathieu Pelletier, René Bolduc, François Toutée, Christian Nadeau, Olivier Leclerc Provencher, Sophie Del Fa, Hugo Cossette Lefebvre, Yves Gingras, André Baril, Jacques Sénécal, Flavie Chevalier, Mathieu Burelle, Francis Therrien, Charlotte Groulx, Maxime Marcoux-Moisan, Laurent Jodoin, Hermel Cyr, Powen-Alexandre Morin, Simon Pelletier, André Lemelin, Simon Castonguay, Étienne Bolduc, Mathieu Pelletier, René Bolduc, François Toutée, Christian Nadeau, Olivier Leclerc Provencher, Sophie Del Fa, Hugo Cossette Lefebvre, Yves Gingras, André Baril, Jacques Sénécal, Flavie Chevalier, Mathieu Burelle, Francis Therrien, and Charlotte Groulx
Subjects: Political science--Philosophy
Abstract: Qu'aurait pensé Pierre Bourdieu des mouvements étudiants de 2012? Que peut-nous révéler le biopouvoir de Foucault sur la gestion des personnes les plus vulnérables pendant la pandémie? Comment le phénomène de la revendication du statut de victime fait-il écho aux travaux sur la morale de Nietzsche? La série « Le Devoir de philo », publiée par Le Devoir depuis 2006, permet deux fois par mois aux lecteurs d'avoir accès à des auteurs qui observent l'actualité à la lumière des écrits de penseurs comme Claude-Henri de Saint-Simon, Bruno Latour, Charles Comte, Paul Ricoeur, David Riesman, Herbert Marcuse, Martin Luther-King, Hannah Arendt et bien d'autre Ce recueil réunit des textes forts, s'intéressant à la démocratie, à la liberté et à la politique, publiés entre 2012 et 2022 dans les pages du Devoir et restitue leur richesse et leur frappante acuité.
Published: 2022

41. How to Survey About Electoral Turnout? Additional Evidence

Author: Alexandre Morin-Chassé
Subjects: 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Sociology and Political Science, Public economics, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Turnout, 02 engineering and technology, Cognitive reframing, 0506 political science, Variety (cybernetics), Incentive, 050602 political science & public administration, Voter turnout, Economics
Abstract: Post-election surveys measure voter turnout in a variety of ways. The Canadian Election Study (CES) simply asks respondents whether or not they voted. However, existing research shows that some abstainers report having voted when they in fact did not (Granberg and Holmberg, 1991; Selb and Munzert, 2013). If this misreporting is correlated with other traits, analysis based on the data can be biased. One possible solution to reduce the incentive to overreport is to reframe the turnout question.
Published: 2018
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42. Discord Over DNA: Ideological Responses to Scientific Communication about Genes and Race

Author: Alexandre Morin-Chassé, Elizabeth Suhay, and Toby Epstein Jayaratne
Subjects: Left and right, White (horse), Sociology and Political Science, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Racism, Nature versus nurture, 0506 political science, Race (biology), Anthropology, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, Social inequality, Sociology, Ideology, 050207 economics, Social psychology, media_common
Abstract: The American public's beliefs about the causes of social inequality vary greatly, with debates over the causes of racial inequality tending to be the most salient and divisive. Among whites in particular, liberals tend to see inequality as rooted in society's ills, whereas conservatives tend to see inequality as rooted in individuals’ shortcomings. Given this, many infer that white conservatives are more likely than white liberals to adopt the controversial view that racial inequality is “natural,” i.e., due to genetically inherited characteristics. We argue that genetic explanations for racial inequality, in and of themselves, offer little appeal to white conservatives. However, when white citizens are exposed to media messages that emphasize the egalitarian implications of genetic similarity between racial groups, those on the left and right engage in biased assimilation, resulting in a “nature” (conservative) versus “nurture” (liberal) divide. Data from two studies of white Americans—one representative survey and one experiment—support this theoretical framework.
Published: 2017
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43. Analyse en IRM cérébrale fonctionnelle de l’effet paradoxal du Zolpidem dans un syndrome catatonique associé à une encéphalite à anticorps anti-NMDA récepteur

Author: Alexandre Morin, Clémence Marois, Aurélien Freiherr von Seckendorff, Pierre Jaquet, Laurent D. Cohen, Julie Bernard, and Sophie Demeret
Subjects: Neurology, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract: Introduction Les encephalites a anticorps anti-NMDA recepteur peuvent se compliquer d’une catatonie. Le Zolpidem permet une levee de ce syndrome clinique, associee a des modifications de l’activite cerebrale de repos en IRM fonctionnelle. Observation Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 28 ans, hospitalisee en reanimation pour une encephalite a anticorps anti-NMDAr, revelee par un syndrome confusionnel aigu avec hallucinations, complique d’un etat de mal epileptique. Le traitement a consiste en une cure d’immunoglobulines intraveineuses (2 g/kg), 10 grammes de methylprednisolone, 10 echanges plasmatiques et du Rituximab. Malgre l’amelioration de la vigilance, persistait une stupeur, une catalepsie, une prise de posture et un mutisme, posant le diagnostic de syndrome catatonique (30/69 sur l’echelle de cotation de Bush-Francis (BF)). La realisation d’un test au zolpidem (20 mg par sonde nasogastrique) a permis une levee du syndrome catatonique (BF a 6/69) 40 minutes apres la prise. Cet effet etait reproductible. Une IRM cerebrale fonctionnelle de repos a ete realisee avant puis apres test au zolpidem. Apres test, elle mettait en evidence une augmentation de la correlation entre les regions prefrontales, le cortex cingulaire anterieur, l’aire motrice supplementaire et les autres aires cerebrales. Un traitement par benzodiazepines au long cours a ete introduit, permettant la levee durable de la catatonie et le debut d’une reeducation cognitive en hospitalisation. L’evolution a 2 mois etait favorable. Discussion Les encephalites anti-NMDA peuvent se presenter comme des syndromes catatoniques severes. Le Zolpidem et les benzodiazepines permettent une amelioration spectaculaire de ces symptomes cliniques. L’IRM fonctionnelle de repos suggere une activation ou une levee d’inhibition par le Zolpidem de certaines aires cerebrales. Le syndrome catatonique pourrait etre en partie lie a une dysfonction de certaines regions cerebrales, en particulier prefrontales. La physiopathologie de cet effet paradoxal reste mal connue. Conclusion Dans le syndrome catatonique lie aux encephalites anti-NMDA, l’administration de Zolpidem peut permettre une levee de la catatonie et modifier l’activite de certaines aires cerebrales au repos en IRM fonctionnelle.
Published: 2020
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44. Réseau de lithothèques en Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes

Author: Paul Fernandes, Vincent Delvigne, Erwan Vaissié, Pasqualini, A., Michel Piboule, Christophe Tuffery, Céline Bressy-Leandri, Arnaud Kherdouche, Pierre-Antoine Beauvais, Alix Gibaud, Emilie Chalmin, Hélène Salomon, Anne Hauzeur, Bernard Gély, Alain Turq, André Morala, Vanessa Lea, Alain Beeching, Didier Binder, Stéphane Renault, Patricia Guillermin, Hélène Djema, Jean-Pierre Bracco, Jean-François Pasty, Laurent Aubry, Cécile Callou, Céline Martin, Laurence Manolakakis, Arnaud Caillo, Rodrigue Guillon, Antonin Tomasso, Parthenay, M., Juliette Guibert-Cardin, René Liabeuf, Jérémie Liagre, Stéphane Gaillot, Philippe Dessaint, Pascal Tallet, Médard Thiry, Jean-Paul Raynal, Grégor Marchand, Pierre Allard, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Pauline Martinetto, Catherine Dejoie, Philippe Sciau, Pierre Bintz, Lethrosne Harold, Xavier Deparnay, Jocelyn Robbe, Dorian Roche, Laétitia Fénéon, Alexandre Morin, Jacques Léopold Brochier, Paléotime, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TraceoLab, Université de Liège, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Service d'Archéologie Préventive du Département de l'Allier, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Service régional de l'archéologie Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography
Published: 2020

45. Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase 2-Related Dementia with Selective Bilateral Frontal Cystic Leukoencephalopathy

Author: Alexandre Morin, Simon Samaan, Laurent D. Cohen, Guilhem Carle, Camille Noiray, Richard Levy, Yann Nadjar, and Perrine Roy-Joly
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, business.industry, Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase, medicine.disease, Bioinformatics, Leukoencephalopathy, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Medicine, Dementia, Neurology (clinical), business, Letter to the Editor, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published: 2018

46. Application of an In Vitro Psoriatic Skin Model to Study Cutaneous Metabolization of Tazarotene

Author: Mélissa Simard, Roxane Pouliot, Geneviève Rioux, Alexe Grenier, Alexandre Morin, and Sophie Morin
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Drug, 3D culture, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Metabolite, Bioengineering, Immunofluorescence, lcsh:Chemical technology, lcsh:Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Tazarotene, Dermis, In vivo, Psoriasis, tazarotene, medicine, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), lcsh:TP1-1185, media_common, metabolization, medicine.diagnostic_test, Epidermis (botany), integumentary system, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, psoriasis, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, skin substitutes, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, tissue engineering, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by the presence of whitish and scaly plaques, which can cover up to 90% of the body surface. These plaques result from the hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Dermopharmaceutical testing of new therapies is limited by healthy and pathological skin models, which are not closely enough mimicking their in vivo counterparts. In this study, we exploited percutaneous absorption and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) analyses in order to determine the metabolic capacity of our psoriatic skin model. Skin substitutes were reconstructed according to the self-assembly method and tested regarding their percutaneous absorption of a topical formulation of tazarotene, followed by UPLC analyses. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed both the healthy and psoriatic phenotypes. Results from percutaneous absorption showed a significant level of tazarotene metabolite (tazarotenic acid) when the formulation was applied over 24 h on the skin substitutes. The presence of tazarotenic acid in the dermis and the epidermis of healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes confirms the metabolic capacity of both skin models, and thereby their ability to screen new molecules with antipsoriatic potential. In conclusion, the present data suggest that our psoriatic skin model could possibly be used in clinic to screen in vitro responses of patient to a panel of drugs without having them experiencing the drawback of each drug.
Published: 2019
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47. Framing the Energy East pipeline debate in Canada: Public opinion is sensitive to public safety and economic considerations

Author: Richard Nadeau, Alexandre Morin-Chassé, and Erick Lachapelle
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Global warming, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Energy transition, Public opinion, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0506 political science, Politics, Fuel Technology, Framing (social sciences), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Political economy, Political science, Elite, 050602 political science & public administration, business, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Against the backdrop of rising energy demand and growing public concern over climate change , the building of new and the expansion of existing oil and gas pipelines has emerged as a hotly contested political issue. Yet little is known about how elite debate over pipelines influences mass public opinion. Using the case of TransCanada’s Energy East project, this study examines the public’s sensitivity to arguments commonly employed by actors on both sides of pipeline debates. We find that arguments drawing attention to public safety or economic benefits are effective at moving public opinion. Meanwhile, arguments highlighting the impact of pipelines on greenhouse gas emissions are ineffective. These results have implications for the literature on framing as well as for policy actors engaged in debates over the expansion of fossil fuel energy infrastructure in the context of global climate change and the energy transition.
Published: 2021
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48. Glued-laminated timber from northern hardwoods: Effect of finger-joint profile on lamellae tensile strength

Author: Alexis Achim, Pierre Blanchet, Alexandre Morin-Bernard, and Christian Dagenais
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Yellow birch, Materials science, biology, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, 15. Life on land, Fraxinus, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 010608 biotechnology, Ultimate tensile strength, Glued laminated timber, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Hardwood, General Materials Science, Finger joint, Composite material, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Because of their availability, mechanical properties and distinctive appearance, there is a growing interest for the use of hardwood species in structural products such as glued-laminated timber. Previous work on bonding and structural grading of northern hardwoods has shown that white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) and white oak (Quercus alba L.) are promising species for the manufacture of Canadian hardwood glulam. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the finger joint profile on the tensile strength of jointed hardwood lamellae. Tensile tests conducted on finger-jointed lamellae confirmed the possibility to achieve characteristic tensile strengths up to 36.4 MPa for white ash, 33.6 MPa for yellow birch and 35.8 MPa for white oak. One white ash and two yellow birch full-size beams were also manufactured using the most efficient finger joint profile and submitted to bending tests, achieving strengths of 47.0 and 41.6 MPa, respectively. The investigated species gave promising results suggesting they could be suitable for the manufacture of glued-laminated timber, although further research is required on hardwood finger-jointing to optimize the machining and gluing parameters and increase the joint efficiency.
Published: 2021
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49. Election outcomes, legislative representation, and satisfaction with democracy

Author: Alexandre Morin-Chassé, André Blais, and Shane P. Singh
Subjects: Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Legislature, computer.file_format, Democracy, 0506 political science, Representation (politics), Voting, Political economy, Political science, 0502 economics and business, Cabinet (file format), 050602 political science & public administration, Voting behavior, 050207 economics, computer, media_common
Abstract: This paper disentangles the relationship between election outcomes and satisfaction with democracy. As the first comparative study to employ a measure of satisfaction immediately before and after elections, we can be unusually confident that any changes we observe are attributable to election outcomes. Following previous work, we affirm that voting for parties that win more votes, more legislative seats, and more cabinet seats boosts satisfaction with democracy. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that voters are sensitive to deficits in representation; satisfaction with democracy decreases when one’s party’s seat share falls short of its vote share.
Published: 2016
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50. How to Survey About Electoral Turnout? The Efficacy of the Face-Saving Response Items in 19 Different Contexts

Author: Alexandre Morin-Chassé, Laura B. Stephenson, Damien Bol, and Simon Labbé St-Vincent
Subjects: Government, Sociology and Political Science, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Distribution (economics), 050801 communication & media studies, Turnout, Percentage point, 0506 political science, Test (assessment), Survey methodology, 0508 media and communications, Political Science and International Relations, Face saving, 050602 political science & public administration, Demographic economics, Psychology, business, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: Researchers studying electoral participation often rely on post-election surveys. However, the reported turnout rate is usually much higher in survey samples than in reality. Survey methodology research has shown that offering abstainers the opportunity to use face-saving response options succeeds at reducing overreporting by a range of 4–8 percentage points. This finding rests on survey experiments conducted in the United States after national elections. We offer a test of the efficacy of the face-saving response items through a series of wording experiments embedded in 19 post-election surveys in Europe and Canada, at four different levels of government. With greater variation in contexts, our analyses reveal a distribution of effect sizes ranging from null to minus 18 percentage points.
Published: 2016
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