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A new pyridine-fused selenodiazolium salt, 3-(phenylselanyl)[1,2,4]selenadiazolo[4,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium chloride dichloromethane 0.352-solvate, C12H9N2Se2+·Cl−·0.352CH2Cl2, was obtained from the reaction between 2-pyridylselenenyl chloride and phenylselenocyanate. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed the presence of C—H...N, C—H...Cl−, C—H...Se hydrogen bonds as well as chalcogen–chalcogen (Se...Se) and chalcogen–halogen (Se...Cl−) interactions. Non-covalent interactions were explored by DFT calculations followed by topological analysis of the electron density distribution (QTAIM analysis). The structure consists of pairs of selenodiazolium moieties arranged in a head-to-tail fashion surrounding disordered dichloromethane molecules. The assemblies are connected by C—H...Cl− and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming layers, which stack along the c-axis direction connected by bifurcated Se...Cl−...H—C interactions.

Abstract Background Social integration (i.e., reciprocal interactions with peers and community members) is a notable challenge for many homeless-experienced adults with serious mental illness (SMI). In this study, we examine a range of housing services offered to homeless-experienced adults with SMI and identify the impacts of supportive services on participants’ social integration outcomes, with the goal of improving services in transitional and permanent housing settings for homeless-experienced adults with SMI. Methods Through semi-structured interviews with homeless-experienced adults with SMI (n = 30), we examine the impacts of housing and service settings on participants’ social integration. Participants received services in a variety of housing settings, including transitional housing with congregate/shared living (n = 10), transitional housing with individual quarters (n = 10), and permanent supportive housing (n = 10). Results Participants expressed caution in developing social relationships, as these could pose barriers to recovery goals (e.g., substance use recovery). For many, social integration was secondary to mental and physical health and/or housing stability goals. Individual quarters gave individuals a place of respite and a sense of control regarding when and with whom they socialized. Meeting recovery goals was strongly related to connecting to and receiving a range of supportive services; interviews suggest that proximity to services was critical for engagement in these resources. Conclusions Programs serving homeless experienced adults with SMI should seek to understand how individuals conceptualize social integration, and how social relationships can either support or hinder participants’ recovery journey.

A one-pot three-component synthesis of substituted meta-hetarylanilines from heterocycle-substituted 1,3-diketones has been developed. The electron-withdrawing power of the heterocyclic substituent (which can be estimated on the basis of calculated Hammett constants) in the 1,3-diketone plays a pivotal role in the studied reaction. The series of meta-hetarylanilines prepared (21–85% isolated yield) demonstrates the synthetic utility of the developed method.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging is more often used to confirm the presence of pectus excavatum and assess compression changes in the heart at this level. AIM: To evaluate pectus excavatum preoperatively according to magnetic resonance imaging findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of chest magnetic resonance imaging data of 38 patients (male, n=30; female, n=8) was performed. The average age was 19.9 years (±9 years).Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 1.5-T General Electric Optima MR450w GEM scanner with 2D-FIESTA-C pulse sequences, as well as functional assessment of the left and right ventricles. Parameters for surgical treatment of pectus excavatum were as follows: the Haller index, correction index, and sternum rotation angle. Statistical analysis of the relationship between the Haller index, correction index, and sternum rotation angle and ejection fraction of the right ventricle was conducted. A p-value 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Moderate and severe pectus excavatum were found in 92% of the cases. No significant Pearson correlation was obtained between the Haller index and right ventricular ejection fraction (inspiratory and expiratory ejection fraction, p=0.777 and 0.798, respectively). The mean right ventricular ejection fraction was 46%. A correlation was noted between the Haller index and the correction index (p 0.05). The rotation angle of the sternum, which required modification of surgical intervention, was detected in 44.7% of patients. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging is an informative diagnostic method for pectus excavatum pectus excavatum without radiation exposure and enables detailed preoperative assessment. A correlation was noted between the Haller index and the correction index (p 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a decrease in the ejection fraction of the right ventricle.

Introduction. In the context of a large-scale sanctions regime, the intensification of anti-corruption work requires special attention among a number of adjustment measures related to structural changes in the economy and changes in supply logistics. Sanctions become a trigger for the emergence of new corrupt practices. The purpose of this article: using sociological analysis methods, to identify the “social legitimacy” (admissibility, acceptability) of corrupt behavior in the business community as a risk factor for the growth of corruption in unfavorable conditions of sanctions pressure. Materials and Methods. The article is based on the results of a sociological study conducted by the authors using a questionnaire survey to assess the level of business corruption in 2021 pre-sanction and in 2022‒2023 sanction years for the Russian economy among the business community of the Sverdlovsk region (n = 500 annually). In order to compare regional trends with all-Russian ones, the results of sociological studies were used: “Business Barometer of Corruption in Russia” and “Consequences of the introduction of sanctions for Russian business.” Results. Risks to the social legitimacy of corruption under sanctions have been identified: against the general background of a negative assessment of corruption by the business community, there has been an increase in the number of supporters of the position that corruption can help solve pressing business problems, as well as those who are neutral towards corrupt business practices; an increase in the desire of the business community to justify the use of corrupt behavior patterns with the usual “that’s the way it is in Russia” has been revealed. Another risk is the dissonance between values and behavior: “In general, corruption is bad, but in a crisis situation, in my daily practice, I can, even must, use corrupt schemes”. Discussion and Conclusion. The life position of the business community, in which corruption is accepted as an inevitable norm of social interaction, turns out to be a barrier to anti-corruption work. The need to intensify sociological research to study the culture of everyday life in the Russian business community has been recorded. The results obtained can be used by government agencies, the chamber of commerce and industry; the union of small and medium-sized businesses, representatives of the business community to intensify anti-corruption work.

The surfaces of ceramic products are replete with numerous defects, such as those that appear during the diamond grinding of sintered SiAlON ceramics. The defective surface layer is the reason for the low effectiveness of TiZrN coatings under abrasive and fretting wear. An obvious solution is the removal of an up to 4-µm-thick surface layer containing the defects. It was proposed in the present study to etch the layer with fast argon atoms. At the atom energy of 5 keV and a 0.5 mA/cm2 current density, the ions were converted into fast atoms and the sputtering rate for the SiAlON samples reached 20 μm/h. No defects were observed in the microstructures of coatings deposited after beam treatment for half an hour. The treatment reduced the volumetric abrasive wear by five times. The fretting wear was reduced by three to four times.

Abstract Programming cell signaling during T-cell activation represents a simple strategy for improving the potency of therapeutic T-cell products. Stim-R technology (Lyell Immunopharma) is a customizable, degradable synthetic cell biomimetic that emulates physiologic, cell-like presentation of signal molecules to control T-cell activation. A breadth of Stim-R formulations with different anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (αCD3/αCD28) antibody densities and stoichiometries were screened for their effects on multiple metrics of T-cell function. We identified an optimized formulation that produced receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with enhanced persistence and polyfunctionality in vitro, as assessed in repeat-stimulation assays, compared with a benchmark product generated using a conventional T-cell–activating reagent. In transcriptomic analyses, CAR T cells activated with Stim-R technology showed downregulation of exhaustion-associated gene sets and retained a unique subset of stem-like cells with effector-associated gene signatures following repeated exposure to tumor cells. Compared with the benchmark product, CAR T cells activated using the optimized Stim-R technology formulation exhibited higher peak expansion, prolonged persistence, and improved tumor control in a solid tumor xenograft model. Enhancing T-cell products with Stim-R technology during T-cell activation may help improve therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors.

Aims: Implant waste during total hip arthroplasty (THA) represents a significant cost to the USA healthcare system. While studies have explored methods to improve THA cost-effectiveness, the literature comparing the proportions of implant waste by intraoperative technology used during THA is limited. The aims of this study were to: 1) examine whether the use of enabling technologies during THA results in a smaller proportion of wasted implants compared to navigation-guided and conventional manual THA; 2) determine the proportion of wasted implants by implant type; and 3) examine the effects of surgeon experience on rates of implant waste by technology used. Methods: We identified 104,420 implants either implanted or wasted during 18,329 primary THAs performed on 16,724 patients between January 2018 and June 2022 at our institution. THAs were separated by technology used: robotic-assisted (n = 4,171), imageless navigation (n = 6,887), and manual (n = 7,721). The primary outcome of interest was the rate of implant waste during primary THA. Results: Robotic-assisted THA resulted in a lower proportion (1.5%) of implant waste compared to navigation-guided THA (2.0%) and manual THA (1.9%) (all p < 0.001). Both navigated and manual THA were more likely to waste acetabular shells (odds ratio (OR) 4.5 vs 3.1) and polyethylene liners (OR 2.2 vs 2.0) compared to robotic-assisted THA after adjusting for demographic and perioperative factors, such as surgeon experience (p < 0.001). While implant waste decreased with increasing experience for procedures performed manually (p < 0.001) or with navigation (p < 0.001), waste rates for robotic-assisted THA did not differ based on surgical experience. Conclusion: Robotic-assisted THAs wasted a smaller proportion of acetabular shells and polyethylene liners than navigation-guided and manual THAs. Individual implant waste rates vary depending on the type of technology used intraoperatively. Future studies on implant waste during THA should examine reasons for non-implantation in order to better understand and develop methods for cost-saving. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):715–720.

The relevance of the research is in the necessity to solve the problems of providing citizens of friendly countries with the means of teaching Russian language, corresponding to modern educational standards, and ensuring knowledge acquisition for successful intercultural communication. Such a tool is the nationally oriented linguistic and country studies learner’s dictionary (NOLCSLD) for Vietnamese citizens learning Russian. The aim of the study is to develop the concept of NOLCSLD, considering the specifics of the addressee's native culture. The bifunctional Dictionary, on the one hand, explains the cultural semantics of nominative units of the Russian language in relation to their equivalents in Vietnamese linguistic culture, and on the other hand, includes a certain set of precedent units reflecting the peculiarities of the Russian linguistic culture, contributes to the formation of cross-cultural communication. The material was obtained in the experiment and includes proverbs, sayings, winged expressions, quotations from prose and poetry, movies, and cartoons. There were 655 units in total. The respondents were 60 students of 2-4 courses and 15 teachers of the Philological Faculty of Pushkin State Russian Language Institute. The research methods were empirical survey in its pilot version, generalization, systematization, structuring; descriptive and comparative methods. The research confirmed that the consciousness of a Russian linguistic culture representatives contains a certain number of precedent units - a part of their “cognitive base”. The units are characterized by nationalcultural meaning, identifying “password function” in the line “own - foreign” and participation in speech generation. There were 82 relevant units. Thus, the conducted research confirmed the necessity of including the article material into the structure of the future NOLCSLD for Vietnamese students studying Russian in Vietnam.

Abstract Background Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have the potential to reduce treatment burden and improve outcomes of anti-VEGF therapy for a number of retinal disorders, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusions. In this review, we focused on the advantages of topical bromfenac as an adjunct to intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy in VEGF-driven maculopathies. Methods Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE were systematically reviewed to identify the relevant studies of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion, myopic choroidal neovascularization, and radiation maculopathy which reported changes in central retinal thickness, visual acuity, and the number of anti-VEGF injections needed when anti-VEGF therapy was combined with topical bromfenac. Results In total, ten studies evaluating bromfenac as an adjunct to anti-VEGF therapy were identified. Five studies were included in meta-analysis of the number of injections and five studies were included in the analysis of changes in central retinal thickness. A statistically significantly lower number of intravitreal injections (p = 0.005) was required when bromfenac was used as an adjunct to anti-VEGF therapy compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy with pro re nata regimen. At the same time, eyes receiving bromfenac as an adjunct to anti-VEGF therapy demonstrated non-inferior outcomes in central retinal thickness (p = 0.07). Except for one study which reported better visual outcomes with combined treatment, no difference in visual acuity or clinically significant adverse effects were reported. Conclusions This literature review and meta-analysis showed that topical bromfenac can be considered as a safe adjunct to anti-VEGF therapy with a potential to reduce the treatment burden with anti-VEGF drugs requiring frequent injections without compromising improvement of central retinal thickness or visual acuity.

The lectotype of Longitarsus californicus (Motschulsky, 1845) is designated, described, and illustrated. An illustrated key to eight light-colored Longitarsus species known to occur in the western United States is presented. A brief history of Russian entomological collecting in North America during the first half of 19th century, with specimens preserved in Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Moscow and Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, is provided.

Abstract Background Association testing between molecular phenotypes and genomic variants can help to understand how genotype affects phenotype. RNA sequencing provides access to molecular phenotypes such as gene expression and alternative splicing while DNA sequencing or microarray genotyping are the prevailing options to obtain genomic variants. Results We genotype variants for 74 male Braunvieh cattle from both DNA (~ 13-fold coverage) and deep total RNA sequencing from testis, vas deferens, and epididymis tissue (~ 250 million reads per tissue). We show that RNA sequencing can be used to identify approximately 40% of variants (7–10 million) called from DNA sequencing, with over 80% precision. Within highly expressed coding regions, over 92% of expected variants were called with nearly 98% precision. Allele-specific expression and putative post-transcriptional modifications negatively impact variant genotyping accuracy from RNA sequencing and contribute to RNA-DNA differences. Variants called from RNA sequencing detect roughly 75% of eGenes identified using variants called from DNA sequencing, demonstrating a nearly 2-fold enrichment of eQTL variants. We observe a moderate-to-strong correlation in nominal association p-values (Spearman ρ2 ~ 0.6), although only 9% of eGenes have the same top associated variant. Conclusions We find hundreds of thousands of RNA-DNA differences in variants called from RNA and DNA sequencing on the same individuals. We identify several highly significant eQTL when using RNA sequencing variant genotypes which are not found with DNA sequencing variant genotypes, suggesting that using RNA sequencing variant genotypes for association testing results in an increased number of false positives. Our findings demonstrate that caution must be exercised beyond filtering for variant quality or imputation accuracy when analysing or imputing variants called from RNA sequencing.

Aim. To assess the incidence of glucose metabolism disorders, administered hypoglycemic therapy and its effectiveness in a cohort of patients with previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) hospitalized for scheduled lower limb joint arthroplasty. Materials and methods. The study included 502 patients. Medical history, information about previously diagnosed DM and prescribed hypoglycemic therapy were collected in all patients according to medical documentation, as well as according to the patients’ survey. Within the preoperative examination, the glucose level was measured, and in patients with previously diagnosed diabetes, measuremaent of the HbA1c level was recommended. Results. The study population included 180 (35.9%) males and 322 females (64.1%). Among them, 99 (19.7%) patients had disorders of glucose metabolism [type 1 diabetes – 1 (0.2%) patient, type 2 diabetes – 90 (17.9%) patients, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) – 8 (1.6%) patients]. In 8 patients, type 2 diabetes was newly diagnosed during the preoperative examination. HbA1c was measured before hospitalization in 26 patients with diabetes, the mean level was 7.0±1.4%. Regarding the analysis of hypoglycemic therapy, almost half of the patients with DM – 47 (47.5%) – received metformin monotherapy, 8 patients with IGT and 8 patients with newly diagnosed DM did not receive any drug therapy. Target glycemic levels during therapy were achieved in 36 (36.4%) patients, and target HbA1c levels were achieved in 21 patients. Conclusion. The cohort of patients hospitalized for elective lower limb joint arthroplasty is characterized by a relatively high incidence of glucose metabolism disorders, and in some patients, DM was newly diagnosed during the preoperative examination. Metformin is most often used as hypoglycemic therapy, and the target values of glycemia during treatment were achieved in less than half of the patients. The monitoring of the level of glycated hemoglobin is low and requires additional population analysis in order to determine the causes and optimize the strategy of patient management.

The study aims to identify the characteristics of South Korean war films as a component of the militarization of culture during Park Chung-hee’s rule (1961-1979). The surge in the popularity of war cinema in the 1960s stemmed from state film policies aimed at fostering the production and consumption of such films, along with heightened interest from both audiences and film companies. However, as the 1960s progressed, state intervention in the film industry increasingly influenced the production dynamics of war films, precipitating a decline in their quality and commercial success at the box office. By the 1970s, war cinema, having lost its appeal, sustained itself solely through government backing. One of the primary features of war cinema was its methods of depicting “us” and “them”. From the state’s standpoint, the ideologically sound portrayal of the enemy in war cinema entailed a dehumanized depiction of the communists, primarily North Korean soldiers, illustrating their brutality and aggression towards South Korean citizens. Such state’s requirement, however, was paradoxical: on the one hand, the shared Korean identity theoretically allowed for the humanization of North Korean soldiers, on the other hand, their portrayal as strong adversaries committing cruel acts risked glorifying their militarized masculinity, a scenario the state sought to avoid. To reconcile this contradiction, film companies employed a strategy of their de-characterization, stripping them of individual traits and relegating to secondary roles on the periphery of the film narrative. In contrast, South Korean soldiers were portrayed as heroic figures, characterized by their individuality and robust masculinity.

Abstract Chaun Bay, located on the fringe of the East Siberian Sea, has been described since the mid-20th century to support a unique marine ecosystem that is atypical for the local Siberian Arctic. Here we use ship-board physical, biogeochemical and geological measurements taken in October 2020, along with hydrographic observations taken from land-fast ice in April 2023, to demonstrate that these warm-water biological communities are supported by hydrothermal submarine groundwater discharge that delivers heat, salinity, nutrients, and trace elements to the bay. We identify a cyclonic eddy that mixes the warm nutrient-rich groundwater with oxygen-rich surface water, resulting in a water mass within Chaun Bay that has similar physical and chemical properties to the highly productive waters of the North Pacific and Southern Chukchi Sea. The bay showed elevated concentrations of chlorophyll-a and zooplankton, and the abundance and species diversity of epibenthos significantly exceeded values observed elsewhere in the East Siberian Sea. The benthic communities contained a number of boreal species that are not typically found in the Arctic Ocean. We also observed Thysanoessa krill populations, a pelagic species generally considered an expatriate in Arctic waters.

Introduction. The amino acid substitution A62V in reverse transcriptase was identified as a mutation correlated with virologic failure in patients on first-line therapy including tenofovir (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). A62V is a typically polymorphic mutation in HIV-1 sub-subtype A6, which is the most widespread virus variant in Russia. Materials and methods. The European EuResist (EIDB) database was queried to form two equivalent groups of patients: group 1 ‒ patients with A62V at baseline treated with TDF or TAF on the first-line therapy, group 2 ‒ patients without A62V at baseline treated with TDF or TAF on the first-line therapy. Each group included 23 patients. Results. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in virologic efficacy in 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in the frequency of virologic failures. Conclusion. This study has some limitations, and the exact role of A62V in the efficacy of the first-line ART based on tenofovir deserves further investigation.

Abstract In this paper, we propose a fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) multiplexing system based on the fluorogen-activating protein FAST. This genetically encoded fluorescent labeling platform employs FAST mutants that activate the same fluorogen but provide different fluorescence lifetimes for each specific protein-dye pair. All the proposed probes with varying lifetimes possess nearly identical and the smallest-in-class size, along with quite similar steady-state optical properties. In live mammalian cells, we target these chemogenetic tags to two intracellular structures simultaneously, where their fluorescence signals are clearly distinguished by FLIM. Due to the unique structure of certain fluorogens under study, their complexes with FAST mutants display a monophasic fluorescence decay, which may facilitate enhanced multiplexing efficiency by reducing signal cross-talks and providing optimal prerequisites for signal separation upon co-localized and/or spatially overlapped labeling.

Inthispaper,westudytheeffectofusingtheMetropolis-Hastingsalgorithmforsamplingtheintegrand on the accuracy of calculating the value of the integral with the use of shallow neural network. In addition, a hybrid method for sampling the integrand is proposed, in which part of the training sample is generated by applying the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, and the other part includes points of a uniform grid. Numerical experiments show that when integrating in high-dimensional domains, sampling of integrands both by the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and by a hybrid method is more efficient with respect to the use of a uniform grid.

The results of the development and research of the technological process for manufacturing spherical vapor cells are presented. Such cells are used in quantum devices, such as magnetometers, gyroscopes, and atomic clocks. Their work is based on optical pumping and detection of the state of alkali metal vapors, in particular cesium. To increase the lifetime of cesium spin polarization in the vapor cell, it is filled with a buffer inert gas. The quality of cell manufacturing directly affects such device characteristics as the width of resonance lines and the achievable signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed cell manufacturing technology simplifies the technological process, eliminates the use of specialized equipment, and increases the reproducibility of results associated with chemical reactions of an alkali metal with foreign impurities in a buffer gas. This is achieved by detecting the formed compounds and excluding them from the composition of the gaseous environment of the cells through the selection of a reasonable sequence of technological operations in the cell manufacturing cycle. The use of traditional methods of X-ray diffraction is associated with the need to depressurize the vapor cell with cesium which leads to the inevitable reaction of cesium with components of the air environment. The work proposes a two-stage analytical assessment of the composition of the gas mixture. At the first stage, the thermodynamic resolution of all possible reactions in the cesium-nitrogen-impurity oxygen system is determined. At the second stage, the color spectrum of the spectra of experimentally obtained reaction products is compared with the color of the products of thermodynamically allowed interactions. Thermodynamic analysis based on a two-stage approach made it possible to identify the formation of cesium suboxides in a vapor cell when it was heated in the temperature range of 273–700 K. To exclude them from the composition of the vapor cell, a sequence of operations was proposed. It involves the formation of an ampoule using the glass blowing method which has a technological cylindrical part and a spherical cell connected to it by a constriction. High purity cesium encapsulated in a glass shell is placed into the technological part of the ampoule, after which the ampoule is evacuated. After opening the capsule with cesium, thermal distillation of pure cesium into a spherical zone takes place. The technological process is completed by filling the cell with buffer gas, after which it is sealed off. The absence of heating during filling a vapor cell with nitrogen significantly simplifies the technological process and minimizes the amount of foreign impurities in the form of cesium suboxides in the gas mixture.

Nanochitin, especially in the form of chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs), represents a significant advance in biopolymer technology due to its high specific surface area, superior tensile strength, and excellent thermal stability. Derived from crustacean waste, which contains 15–40% of chitin, these materials provide a sustainable option that diverts waste from landfills and contributes to environmental conservation. Traditional methods of isolating nanochitin are energy-intensive and generate substantial waste. This study introduces a more sustainable method using inexpensive ionic liquids (ILs) such as [Hmim][HSO4] and [HN222][HSO4], which bypass the costly and destructive steps of traditional procedures. This study also identified the byproduct in IL-mediated chitin hydrolysis reaction as calcium sulfate dihydrate and presented a solution to circumvent the byproduct formation. The effectiveness of the [HN222][HSO4] IL in producing ChNWs from both purified chitin and crustacean biomass was assessed, showing a high yield and maintaining the purity and structural integrity of chitin, thereby demonstrating a significant reduction in the environmental footprint of ChNW production.

Abstract Background Emergency medicine (EM) trainee comfort level with lumbar puncture (LP) has decreased over time due to changing practice guidelines, particularly amongst pediatric patients. We implemented a “just in time” (JIT) brief educational video based on a previously published LP Performance Scoring Checklist to improve trainee efficiency and competence in LP performance. Methods Our pilot quasi-experimental study took place January-June 2022 within a large, academic Midwestern emergency department (ED) with an established 3-year EM residency program. All 9 interns performed a timed diagnostic LP on an infant LP model in January, scored according to the LP Performance Scoring Checklist. In June, interns repeated the timed LP procedure directly after watching a brief educational video based on major checklist steps. The study was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board. Results All interns completed both assessments. At baseline, interns had logged performance of median 2 (IQR 0–5) LPs and spent 12.9 (10.3–14.4) minutes performing the procedure. Post-intervention, interns had logged an additional median 2 (0–5) LPs and completed the procedure faster with an average time of 10.3 (9.7–11.3) minutes (p = 0.004). A median of 5 (4–7) major steps were missed at baseline, compared to 1 (1–2) at time of post-intervention assessment (p = 0.015). Conclusion Development of a brief educational video improved efficiency and competency amongst our intern class in performing an infant LP when viewed Just-In-Time. Similar efforts may improve education and performance of other rare (or decreasing in frequency) procedures within EM training.

Abstract The design and preparation of efficient catalysts for ammonia production under mild conditions is a desirable but highly challenging target. Here, we report a series of single-atom catalysts [M-SACs, M = Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mo(II)] derived from UiO-66 containing structural defects and their application to electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3 -) to ammonia (NH3). Cu-SAC and Fe-SAC exhibit remarkable yield rates for NH3 production of 30.0 and 29.0 mg h−1 cm−2, respectively, with a high Faradaic efficiency (FENH3) of over 96% at −1.0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Importantly, their catalytic performance can be retained in various simulated wastewaters. Complementary experiments confirmed the nature of single-atom sites within these catalysts and the binding domains of NO3 - in UiO-66-Cu. In situ spectroscopic techniques, coupled with density functional theory calculations confirm the strong binding of NO3 - and the formation of reaction intermediates, thus facilitating the catalytic conversion to NH3.

Abstract Determining the balance between DNA double strand break repair (DSBR) pathways is essential for understanding treatment response in cancer. We report a method for simultaneously measuring non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Using this method, we show that patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) samples with acquired temozolomide (TMZ) resistance display elevated HR and MMEJ activity, suggesting that these pathways contribute to treatment resistance. We screen clinically relevant small molecules for DSBR inhibition with the aim of identifying improved GBM combination therapy regimens. We identify the ATM kinase inhibitor, AZD1390, as a potent dual HR/MMEJ inhibitor that suppresses radiation-induced phosphorylation of DSBR proteins, blocks DSB end resection, and enhances the cytotoxic effects of TMZ in treatment-naïve and treatment-resistant GBMs with TP53 mutation. We further show that a combination of G2/M checkpoint deficiency and reliance upon ATM-dependent DSBR renders TP53 mutant GBMs hypersensitive to TMZ/AZD1390 and radiation/AZD1390 combinations. This report identifies ATM-dependent HR and MMEJ as targetable resistance mechanisms in TP53-mutant GBM and establishes an approach for simultaneously measuring multiple DSBR pathways in treatment selection and oncology research.

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a syndrome complex that accompanies a number of diseases of different etiologies, associated with basic mechanisms of structural and functional changes of the pulmonary circulation vessels and revealed pressure increasing in the pulmonary artery. The structural changes in the pulmonary circulation vessels are the main limiting factor determining the prognosis of patients with PH. Thickening and irreversible deposition of collagen in the pulmonary artery branches walls leads to rapid disease progression and a therapy effectiveness decreasing. In this regard, histological examination of the pulmonary circulation vessels is critical both in preclinical studies and clinical practice. However, measurements of quantitative parameters such as the average vessel outer diameter, the vessel walls area, and the hypertrophy index claimed significant time investment and the requirement for specialist training to analyze micrographs. A dataset of pulmonary circulation vessels for pathology assessment using semantic segmentation techniques based on deep-learning is presented in this work. 609 original microphotographs of vessels, numerical data from experts’ measurements, and microphotographs with outlines of these measurements for each of the vessels are presented. Furthermore, here we cite an example of a deep learning pipeline using the U-Net semantic segmentation model to extract vascular regions. The presented database will be useful for the development of new software solutions for the analysis of histological micrograph.

Abstract The ability to finely tune the properties of magnetic topological insulators (TIs) is crucial for quantum electronics. We studied solid solutions with a general formula GexMn1-xBi2Te4 between two isostructural Z2 TIs, magnetic MnBi2Te4 and nonmagnetic GeBi2Te4 with Z2 invariants of 1;000 and 1;001, respectively. We observed linear x-dependent magnetic properties, composition-independent pairwise exchange interactions, and topological phase transitions (TPTs) between topologically nontrivial phases and the semimetal state. The TPTs are driven purely by the variation of orbital contributions. By tracing the x-dependent Bi 6p contribution to the states near the fundamental gap, the effective spin-orbit coupling variation is extracted. The gapless state observed at x = 0.42 closely resembles a Dirac semimetal above the Néel temperature and shows a magnetic gap below, which is clearly visible in raw photoemission data. The observed behavior demonstrates an ability to precisely control topological and magnetic properties of TIs.

Abstract Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) relies on chemical affinity or active targeting using radioimmunoconjugates as strategies to deliver α-emitting radionuclides to cancerous tissue. These strategies can be affected by transmetalation of the parent radionuclide by competing ions in vivo and the bond-breaking recoil energy of decay daughters. The retention of α-emitting radionuclides and the dose delivered to cancer cells are influenced by these processes. Encapsulating α-emitting radionuclides within nanoparticles can help overcome many of these challenges. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles are a biodegradable and biocompatible delivery platform that has been used for drug delivery. In this study, PLGA nanoparticles are utilized for encapsulation and retention of actinium-225 ([225Ac]Ac3+). Encapsulation of [225Ac]Ac3+ within PLGA nanoparticles (Zave = 155.3 nm) was achieved by adapting a double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. The encapsulation efficiency was affected by both the solvent conditions and the chelation of [225Ac]Ac3+. Chelation of [225Ac]Ac3+ to a lipophilic 2,9-bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline ligand ([225Ac]AcBLPhen) significantly decreased its release (

Abstract Background Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare and severe cutaneous drug eruption. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is one of the known culprit drugs with less than 60 cases reported in the literature, and may have a more severe clinical presentation compared to AGEP induced by other drugs. There are no standardized management strategies for HCQ‐induced AGEP outside of drug discontinuation. Objectives Characterize the clinical presentation of HCQ‐induced AGEP and management strategies. Methods Retrospective chart review of nine patients clinically diagnosed with HCQ‐induced AGEP using the EuroSCAR score from 2017 to 2022 at four academic medical centres in the United States. Results All patients in our series were female and the median age was 52. Four patients initially presented with fever, and eight patients had neutrophilia. Median time to rash was 15 days. Biopsies obtained in six patients showed typical characteristics of AGEP. In most patients, rash morphology consisted of generalized pinpoint pustules atop atypical targetoid lesions and annular plaques. Five patients were hospitalized for AGEP. All patients were treated with methylprednisolone and/or prednisone, and the average days treated with systemic corticosteroids was 35. Conclusions Our case series is the largest to date describing HCQ‐induced AGEP. Clinicians should be wary that HCQ‐induced AGEP may present with a longer latency period after drug initiation and with atypical targetoid and annular lesions. Early initiation of systemic corticosteroids should be considered due to the severity of this drug reaction with addition of cyclosporine in refractory cases.

Abstract Structural biology is solving an ever-increasing number of snapshots of ion channel conformational ensembles. Deciphering ion channel mechanisms, however, requires understanding the ensemble dynamics beyond the static structures. Here, we present a molecular modeling-based approach characterizing the ion channel structural intermediates, or their “dynamic molecular portraits”, by assessing water and ion conductivity along with the detailed evaluation of pore hydrophobicity and residue packing. We illustrate the power of this approach by analyzing structures of few vanilloid-subfamily transient receptor potential (TRPV) channels. Based on the pore architecture, there are three major states that are common for TRPVs, which we call α-closed, π-closed, and π-open. We show that the pore hydrophobicity and residue packing for the open state is most favorable for the pore conductance. On the contrary, the α-closed state is the most hydrophobic and always non-conducting. Our approach can also be used for structural and functional classification of ion channels.

Background. Currently, there is no «golden standard» in terms of correction of adherence to treatment of patients with tuberculosis and its adequate assessment. This paper presents the experience of applying the 3D lung reconstruction method, which was used among patients with tuberculosis to modify their level of adherence, as well as to increase the effectiveness of treatment and change the indicators of anxiety and depression. Aims. To give a brief description of the level of adherence to treatment and the overall effectiveness of chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis according to the data of the department for patients with respiratory tuberculosis of the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary. To increase the level of adherence to treatment and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis using additive technologies using the method of three-dimensional reconstruction of lung tissue. To assess and correct the dynamics of manifestations of symptoms of anxiety and depression among newly diagnosed patients with destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis using additive technologies using the method of three-dimensional reconstruction of lung tissue. Materials and methods. The present work is based on a retrospective-prospective analysis of the results of treatment of newly diagnosed patients with destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (167 people), who were observed in the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups. For patients of the 1st group, lung models were made, among them a questionnaire was conducted using the MMAS-4 questionnaire and the HADS scale. For patients of the 2nd group, lung models were not made, and no survey was conducted. Results. According to the results of the study in the department for patients with respiratory tuberculosis of the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary (observation period from 2016 to 2020), a negative trend was found in an increase in the number of unauthorized departures from the structural unit and violations of the regimen among patients. A course of polychemotherapy was recognized as effective in the 1st group (in terms of bacterial excretion) in 93.0% of patients (64/69), and in the 2nd group (the same indicator) – in 67.3% (66/98); χ2=16.940, df=1; p0.001. The largest number of abacilated patients was observed in the 1st group. In the case of showing patients three-dimensional anatomical tactile models of the lungs, the probability of closing decay cavities increased by 32.2% (γ-test=-0.322; p=0.034). The absence of the demonstration of personalized three-dimensional anatomical tactile models of the lungs contributed to an increase in the occurrence of disadvantage in the outcome of therapy by 77.2% (γ-test=-0.772; p0.001). The chance of achieving an effective course of chemotherapy was 4.2 times higher among patients of the 1st group (odds ratio 4.267, 95% confidence interval 1.523–11.953). In the absence of data on the patient’s interaction with the tactile pulmonary model, the risk of noncompliance increased by 47.6% (γ-test=-0.476; p=0.020). After the use of three-dimensional anatomical tactile models of the lungs among patients of the 1st group, their level of adherence to treatment increased (according to the MMAS-4 questionnaire) with a result of 4 points [4; 4] – maximum score of the MMAS-4 questionnaire – (W=2278, Z=-7.267; p0.001) and the psychological load significantly decreased (according to the HADS scale) with a score of 7 points [5; 10] – «no significant symptoms of anxiety and depression» (W=2405, Z=-7.165; p0.001). Conclusion. The use of additive technologies in the anti-tuberculosis organization has made it possible to improve the profile of adherence of tuberculosis patients to polychemotherapy, increase the effectiveness of treatment, and correct indicators of anxiety and depression among newly diagnosed patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis.

Abstract The hepatic acute-phase response is characterized by a massive upregulation of serum proteins, such as haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, at the expense of liver homeostatic functions. Although the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) has a well-established role in safeguarding liver function and its cistrome spans around 50% of liver-specific genes, its role in the acute-phase response has received little attention so far. We demonstrate that HNF4A binds to and represses acute-phase genes under basal conditions. The reprogramming of hepatic transcription during inflammation necessitates loss of HNF4A function to allow expression of acute-phase genes while liver homeostatic genes are repressed. In a pre-clinical liver organoid model overexpression of HNF4A maintained liver functionality in spite of inflammation-induced cell damage. Conversely, HNF4A overexpression potently impaired the acute-phase response by retaining chromatin at regulatory regions of acute-phase genes inaccessible to transcription. Taken together, our data extend the understanding of dual HNF4A action as transcriptional activator and repressor, establishing HNF4A as gatekeeper for the hepatic acute-phase response.

Main causes of secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include acromegalic cardiomyopathy. Heart damage in patients with the acromegaly is mediated both by the direct action of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1, and increased deposition of collagen and lymphomononuclear cells in the myocardium, which leads to architectural changes, disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance, severe left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, diastolic and systolic left ventricular dysfunction and chronic heart failure. This article presents the world's first described observation demonstrating the possibility of successful transfemoral aortic valve repair to a comorbid patient with severe aortic stenosis according to the potential risks caused by the active form of the acromegaly.

Abstract Simulations with the Saturn Thermosphere‐Ionosphere General Circulation Model have revealed global‐scale gravity waves in Saturn's upper atmosphere that have not been observed or predicted before. They are forced by diurnally varying zonally non‐uniform distributions of Joule heating and ion drag at the high‐latitude auroral regions in both hemispheres and propagate outward from the source region. The supersonic zonal phase speed imposed by Saturn's rotation and the subsonic meridional phase velocity of about 800 m s−1 form a distinct spiral wave structure. They exhibit features of gravity waves: vertical phase progression opposite to the propagation of wave energy and long vertical wavelengths consistent with the dispersion relation for gravity waves. The amplitudes of the perturbations grow with height, reaching 6%–10% for relative temperature variations and up to 350 m s−1 for the meridional velocity perturbations. The main effect of these waves is to accelerate the retrograde westerly jets.

Relevance. When operating submersible equipment for oil production in aggressive environments and transferring wells to the cyclic operation mode, a decrease in the service life of the submersible installation for oil production is observed. In the first case, this is due to the formation of salt deposits and clogging of the working parts of the electric pump with mechanical impurities. In the second case – an increase in the number of starts of the submersible electric motor. To solve the existing problems, it is possible to implement closed control systems for submersible electric motors based on state variable observers, which determines the relevance of the study. Aim. To develop an observer with operational monitoring of the angular velocity of the rotor and the moment of resistance on the shaft of a submersible asynchronous motor at inconsistency of the initial conditions in various operating modes and its testing using modeling tools. Methods. The observer is built on the basis of known engine models in a fixed coordinate system α, β, the theory of IIR-filters to obtain a forecast of estimates of the angular velocity of the rotor and the torque on the shaft and their correction in real time. Results. The authors have proposed the original structure of an observer with operational monitoring of the angular velocity of the rotor and the moment of resistance on the shaft of a submersible asynchronous motor. Conclusions. The paper demonstrates the observer performance with inconsistency of initial conditions and electric motor model data in various operating modes. In all modes, stable estimates of the speed and torque of resistance on the electric motor shaft are obtained. At the same time, the error in estimating the angular velocity under the condition of changing the load on the shaft and starting in the loaded state is no more than 1.2%, which is acceptable in submersible electric motor control systems. It is revealed that the developed observer, under the condition of changing the active resistance of the stator and rotor in the ranges from –25 to +25% of the nominal value, obtains estimates of the angular velocity with an integral error of no more than 5%, except for starting the motor with a decrease in the active resistance of the rotor by 25% of the nominal value –5.53%, which is acceptable in engineering practice.

Abstract Background Severe Plasmodium falciparum malarial anemia is still the principal cause of death in children in underdeveloped countries. An imbalance between proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines is associated with malaria progression. This study evaluated circulating levels of selected inflammatory cytokines among malaria‐infected children in Ghana. Methods This case‐control study was conducted at Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana. One hundred and twenty children with malaria and 60 controls, aged 12−144 months were selected from April to July, 2023 for the study. Malaria was diagnosed through microscopy, full blood count was measured using hematology analyzer, and cytokines were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Malaria‐infected children had higher tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) (p

Abstract Pediatric classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients have a high survival rate but suffer from severe long‐term side effects induced by chemo‐ and radiotherapy. cHL tumors are characterized by the low fraction (0.1%–10%) of malignant Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells in the tumor. The HRS cells depend on the surrounding immune cells for survival and growth. This dependence is leveraged by current treatments that target the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis in cHL tumors. The development of more targeted therapies that are specific for the tumor and are therefore less toxic for healthy tissue compared with conventional chemotherapy could improve the quality of life of pediatric cHL survivors. Here, we applied single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on isolated HRS cells and the immune cells from the same cHL tumors. Besides TNFRSF8 (CD30), we identified other genes of cell surface proteins that are consistently overexpressed in HRS cells, such as NRXN3 and LRP8, which can potentially be used as alternative targets for antibody–drug conjugates or CAR T cells. Finally, we identified potential interactions by which HRS cells inhibit T cells, among which are the galectin‐1/CD69 and HLA‐II/LAG3 interactions. RNAscope was used to validate the enrichment of CD69 and LAG3 expression on T cells near HRS cells and indicated large variability of the interaction strength with the corresponding ligands between patients and between tumor tissue regions. In conclusion, this study identifies new potential therapeutic targets for cHL and highlights the importance of studying heterogeneity when identifying therapy targets, specifically those that target tumor‐immune cell interactions.

Abstract Acute vascular injury provokes an inflammatory response, resulting in neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) and downstream pathologies. The resolution of inflammation is an active process in which specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) and their receptors play a central role. We sought to examine the acute phase response of SPM and their receptors in both circulating blood and the arterial wall in a rat angioplasty model. We found that the ratio of proresolving to pro‐inflammatory lipid mediators (LM) in plasma decreased sharply 1 day after vascular injury, then increased slightly by day 7, while that in arteries remained depressed. Granulocyte expression of SPM receptors ALX/FPR2 and DRV2/GPR18, and a leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 increased postinjury, while ERV1/ChemR23 expression was reduced early and then recovered by day 7. Importantly, we show unique arterial expression patterns of SPM receptors in the acute setting, with generally low levels through day 7 that contrasted sharply with that of the pro‐inflammatory CCR2 receptor. Overall, these data document acute, time‐dependent changes of LM biosynthesis and SPM receptor expression in plasma, leukocytes, and artery walls following acute vascular injury. A biochemical imbalance between inflammation and resolution LM pathways appears persistent 7 days after angioplasty in this model. These findings may help guide therapeutic approaches to accelerate vascular healing and improve the outcomes of vascular interventions for patients with advanced atherosclerosis.

We describe a case of a young patient with a recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) showing unusual cell-in-cell (CiC) phenomena. We observed mostly viable but also necrotic neutrophils engulfed within tumor cells. The recurrent tumor was immunopositive for BRAFV600E mutant protein and showed CDKN2 homozygous deletions typical of PXA. Both genetic alterations were also reported in the original primary tumor. Unlike the original tumor that was GFAP and Olig-2 immunopositive, the recurrent neoplasm was largely negative for GFAP and Olig-2 suggesting dedifferentiation. The large malignant cells that contained the neutrophils were negative for histiocytic and lymphohematopoietic markers. Whereas CDKN2 homozygous deletion is common in PXA, its presence is rare in histiocytic neoplasms. Both reactive astrocytes and glial neoplasms very rarely may engulf neutrophils in a process resembling emperipolesis or cellular cannibalism. Future work may clarify which type of CiC pathway is involved.

Lung transplantation is an established management strategy for advanced end-stage lung disease with the goal of restoring normal pulmonary physiology. This principle guided our management approach to the clinical challenge of a lung transplant recipient with a small chest cavity from fibrotic lung disease. Size matching should occur based on the recipient’s predicted total lung capacity, which best reflects the recipient’s normal chest cavity size. We present an instructive case that suggests that the small chest cavity size adjusts relatively quickly toward normal once the fibrotic lungs are removed, and normal allograft is implanted.

We investigated evolution of metric and density perturbations for Tsallis model of holographic dark energy with energy density ∼L2γ−4, where L is length of event horizon or inverse Hubble parameter and γ is parameter of non-additivity close to 1. Because holographic dark energy is not an ordinary cosmological fluid but a phenomenon caused by boundaries of the universe, the ordinary analysis for perturbations is not suitable. One needs to consider perturbations of the future event horizon. For realistic values of parameters it was discovered that perturbations of dark energy don't grow infinitely but vanish or freeze. We also considered the case of realistic interaction between holographic dark energy and matter and showed that in this case perturbations also can asymptotically freeze with time.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic polyneuropathy remains a significant and urgent problem in the context of diabetes mellitus, affecting more than a quarter of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, the method of peripheral nerve examination using ultrasound is gaining worldwide popularity. In the Russian Federation, however, it remains widely used only in some medical institutions. The ultrasound method employs the indicator “nerve cross-sectional area” to diagnose this complication, exhibiting a high degree of sensitivity (93%) in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging data (67%). Foreign and Russian studies [3, 4] confirm the observed increase in the cross-sectional area of the nerve in patients with diabetes mellitus. AIM: The study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of the ultrasound method of peripheral nerve examination in the detection of diabetic polyneuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Philips Epiq 7 ultrasonic diagnostic device (USA) with a linear transducer, operating at a frequency of 4–18 MHz, was used. The comparison group consisted of 30 volunteers. The main group comprised 25 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and confirmed diabetic polyneuropathy, as determined by electroneuromyography and physical examination methods. The median cross-sectional area of the sciatic and common peroneal nerves in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers was calculated. The criterion for a difference in area values was calculated using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The cross-sectional area thresholds were determined based on the 95th percentile of a cohort of healthy volunteers. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the following median nerve cross-sectional area values were found: for the sciatic nerve, 0.579 cm2 (at the gluteal crease) and 0.553 cm2 (2 cm proximal to the bifurcation); for the common peroneal nerve, 0.11 cm2 (1 cm distal to the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve) and 0.08 cm2 (at the level of the head of the fibula). In healthy volunteers, the values were as follows: for the sciatic nerve, 0.46 cm2 (at the gluteal crease) and 0.37 cm2 (2 cm proximal to the bifurcation); for the common peroneal nerve, 0.08 cm2 (1 cm distal to the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve) and 0.06 cm2 (at the level of the head of the fibula). A significant difference was found between the control and target groups using the Mann-Whitney test (p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy, a significant increase in the cross-sectional area of the nerves of the lower extremities (sciatic and peroneal nerves) was revealed, which allows for the use of ultrasound as an additional method for the instrumental diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. However, due to the small sample size, further study is required to confirm these findings.

Background. Currently, almost 2 billion hectares of land are subject to degradation. To increase the fertility of low-productive and degraded lands, to increase the yield of agricultural crops is possible by applying organic waste, the volume of which increases annually in the world. The share of influence of the experiment variants on the yield of oilseed radish was 31,8 %, according to the information-logical analysis. Objective. The purpose of the study was to assess the degree of influence of organic waste application rates on the yield of oilseed radish using information-logical model. Materials and Methods. A systematic approach, information-logical analysis were used in the study. Statistical processing of data was carried out in Excel. The field experiment was laid and conducted according to the methodology outlined in the work of B. A. Dospekhov. We conducted research on the use of poultry manure in Altai Krai as a fertilizer since 2014, and sewage sludge since 2019. Studies on improving the fertility of low-productive and degraded soils using organic fertilizers were conducted in Kalmansky district of Altai Krai. Previously, organic fertilizers were not used on the experimental plot. The field experiment included 5 variants in 3-fold repetition. The area of each repetition was 500 m2. Field experiment variants: application of manure 10 t/ha, application of sewage sludge 15 t/ha, application of sewage sludge 45 t/ha, application of a mixture of manure 5 t/ha and sewage sludge 15 t/ha, control (without application of poultry manure and WWS). The field experiment was established with oilseed radish on green mass. Results. In the field experiment we used sewage sludge with storage period on sludge pads for more than 5 years, which were taken from sewage treatment facilities of Barnaul, as well as mixed poultry manure from different-aged laying hens with cage housing of JSC "Poultry farm "Molodezhnaya", which had been digested in a pile for 12 months. Based on the conducted research, the yield of oilseed radish was determined. During the studies, the maximum yield of oilseed radish was formed on the variant with the use of poultry manure rate of 10 t/ha, it amounted to 84.2 t/ha. A little inferior to this value was the yield of oilseed radish with OSV variant - 45 t/ha, it amounted to 79.6 t/ha. The lowest yield was formed on the control - 49.4 t/ha. The difference in mean was evaluated by Student's t-test at a confidence level of 0.95. The difference between control and poultry manure application was 34.78. The difference between control and application of 15 t/ha sewage sludge was 12.99. The difference between control and application of 45 t/ha sewage sludge was 30.16. The difference between control and application of a mixture of poultry 5 t/ha litter and 15 t/ha sewage sludge was 24.46. As a result of studying the effect of experiment variants on the yield of oilseed radish using information-logic analysis, the coefficient of efficiency of information transfer K (radish) = 0.3186 was obtained. Conclusion. Thus, the information-logic analysis revealed 31.8% effect of organic waste application on yield of oilseed radish. The information-logic analysis also revealed 18.89% effect of organic wastes on mass fraction of crude ash and 19.70% mass fraction of crude protein of green mass of oilseed radish in the experiment variants. Sponsorship information. The work was carried out under the state order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation in 2023. Reg. No. NIOCTR 123032900014-7.

Background. Recently, to control plants development and to better understanding the plants response to various light sources, largely due to advances in industry light-emitting diodes (LEDs), it is necessary to understand the photochemical processes carrying out under impact of different factors. At the number of works authors have established a significant impact of different intensities and light spectrum on the growth and morphometric characteristics of plants. Plants growth and development depends on photochemical activity among many other factors. The range of works were carried out to assess the influence of light intensity and spectrum on the photochemical characteristics of various crops, including rocket. However, the insufficient number of works and the lack of assessment of the photosystem operating efficiency of industrially important crops grown under high light intensities became the rationale for our work. Purpose. The main purposes of our work was to confirm the significant impact of various light treatments on the photochemical activity of plants and determine the optimal light treatments for the operating efficiency of the PSII photosystem using an industrially important crop. Materials and methods. To reach work purposes, we measured key parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence and assessed the rocket photosynthetic activity. Plants were cultivated in phytoboxes under LEDs with three monochromatic light spectra (red (R), green (G), blue (B)). Each light spectrum treatment includes six intensities (100, 300, 500, 700, 1000, and 1400 µmol/m-2 s-1). Warm white light with an intensity of 200 µmol/m-2 s-1 was used as the control. The chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in rocket leaves were conducted on the 28th day after sowing with Hansatech FMS 1+ pulsed fluorimeter in one day at phytoboxes. Fluorescence of actinic light-adapted leaves (Fs) and maximum fluorescence of actinic light-adapted leaves (Fm’) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the Microsoft Office Excel (USA). Results. The results obtained established that the rocket photochemical apparatus responses differently to a stressful state caused by a high irradiation level under the certain spectrum. The operating efficiency of PSII for each monochromatic light treatment and specific intensity varies. Thus, it suggests different plants responses to stress caused by the particular combination of growth conditions. The level of electron transfer has the direct linear correlation with the PPFD increase. Conclusion. Thus, irradiation intensity in the range from 100 to 500 µmol/m-2 s-1 is the most optimal for the operating efficiency of the PSII photosystem under any light spectra used in our work. The use of monochromatic blue light for rocket is probably undesirable, as it is likely caused protective mechanisms disruption of fluorescence quenching.

We report the superconducting properties of Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with thin insulating interlayers. The main specific feature of these structures is the intentional oxidation of both superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) interfaces. We study the variation of the critical temperature of our systems due to switching between parallel and antiparallel configurations of the magnetizations of the two magnetic layers. Common knowledge suggests that this spin valve effect, which is due to the S/F proximity effect, is most pronounced in the case of perfect metallic contacts at the interfaces. Nevertheless, in our structures with intentionally deteriorated interfaces, we observed a significant full spin valve effect. A shift of the superconducting transition temperature Tc by switching the mutual orientation of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic Co layers from antiparallel to parallel amounted to ΔTc = 0.2 K at the optimal thickness of the superconducting Pb layer. Our findings verify the so far unconfirmed earlier results by Deutscher and Meunier on an F1/S/F2 heterostructure with oxidized interlayers [Deutscher, G.; Meunier, F. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1969, 22, 395. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.395] and suggest an alternative route to optimize the performance of superconducting spin valves.

Abstract Background Mammalian skeletons are largely formed before birth. Heterochronic changes in skeletal formation can be investigated by comparing the order of ossification for different elements of the skeleton. Due to the challenge of collecting prenatal specimens in viviparous taxa, opportunistically collected museum specimens provide the best material for studying prenatal skeletal development across many mammalian species. Previous studies have investigated ossification sequence in a range of mammalian species, but little is known about the pattern of bone formation in Carnivora. Carnivorans have diverse ecologies, diets, and biomechanical specializations and are well-suited for investigating questions in evolutionary biology. Currently, developmental data on carnivorans is largely limited to domesticated species. To expand available data on carnivoran skeletal development, we used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to non-invasively evaluate the degree of ossification in all prenatal carnivoran specimens housed in the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. By coding the presence or absence of bones in each specimen, we constructed ossification sequences for each species. Parsimov-based genetic inference (PGi) was then used to identify heterochronic shifts between carnivoran lineages and reconstruct the ancestral ossification sequence of Carnivora. Results We used micro-CT to study prenatal ossification sequence in six carnivora species: Eumetopias jubatus (Steller sea lion, n = 6), Herpestes javanicus (small Indian mongoose, n = 1), Panthera leo (lion, n = 1), Urocyon cinereoargenteus (gray fox, n = 1), Ursus arctos arctos (Eurasian brown bear, n = 1), and Viverricula indica (small Indian civet, n = 5). Due to the relatively later stage of collection for the available specimens, few heterochronic shifts were identified. Ossification sequences of feliform species showed complete agreement with the domestic cat. In caniforms, the bear and fox ossification sequences largely matched the dog, but numerous heterochronic shifts were identified in the sea lion. Conclusions We use museum specimens to generate cranial and postcranial micro-CT data on six species split between the two major carnivoran clades: Caniformia and Feliformia. Our data suggest that the ossification sequence of domestic dogs and cats are likely good models for terrestrial caniforms and feliforms, respectively, but not pinnipeds.

Abstract Objective Pulmonary function test (PFT) results are recorded variably across hospitals in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic health record (EHR), using both unstructured and semi-structured notes. We developed and validated a hospital-specific code to extract pre-bronchodilator measures of obstruction (ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] to forced vital capacity [FVC]) and severity of obstruction (percent predicted of FEV1). Results Among 36 VA facilities with the most PFTs completed between 2018 and 2022 from a parent cohort of veterans receiving long-acting controller inhalers, 12 had a consistent syntactical convention or template for reporting PFT data in the EHR. Of the 42,718 PFTs identified from these 12 facilities, the hospital-specific text processing pipeline yielded 24,860 values for the FEV1:FVC ratio and 23,729 values for FEV1. A ratio of FEV1:FVC less than 0.7 was identified in 17,615 of 24,922 studies (70.7%); 8864 of 24,922 (35.6%) had a severe or very severe reduction in FEV1 (

Possibility of fast, convenient and precise definition of wagons load mass allows enhancing transport safety and ensures assets accounting in railroad infrastructure. There are known three-dimensional solid models of railway track sector and approaches of simulation the deformation which emerge in rails by mechanical load effect transmitted through wagon wheels. In accordance with these approaches, emerging deformations are recomputed into wagons weight. The rail temperature influences on its mechanical properties and, consequently, on the deformation value. In this work, for the first time, a technique has been proposed that allows one to consider the deformation of the rail under the load influence, taking into account its temperature variance at different boundary conditions. According to the proposed approach, the wagon weight is defined by deformation values which are measured by strain gauges located on the rail web. The developed models include a rail wheel, ties and a rail fragment. The rail fragment corresponding to the railway track sector on which sensors are mounted geometrically replicates an existent rail type R50 and is situated on the ties fixed from bottom side. The wheel model complies with an existent solid-rolled wagon wheel type with tread diameter 920 mm, thereby correct contact patch retains in the model. According to the approach, finite-element mesh is generated on the developed solid models, connections between model fragments are established, and boundary and temperature conditions as well as acting forces are applied. Sequentially finite-element analysis is performed for all possible combination of wheel coordinate, load mass and temperature. For every case, deformation values are registered in four rail nodes corresponding to strain gauges placements. Comparison of finite-element analysis results for two developed solid models is carried out. The models differ by the way of the rail on the ties mounting and boundary condition setting on the end faces of the rail fragment, allowing to consider possibility of temperature stresses relaxation. In the model 1 the rail is connected with ties rigidly, in the model 2 the rail and the ties are connected by a contact allowing the rail motion along the tie with given friction coefficient. Besides that clamp bolts impact is imitated in the model 2. The approach is implemented within multiphysical simulation environment ANSYS for coupled three-dimensional problem using Static Structural and Steady-State Thermal modules. Simulation results showed that the deformation values determined by the temperature influence differ for the proposed models. Vertical deformations range of the rail fragment on which the strain gauges are fastened, at the mass 12,500 kg loaded on the wheel, is from –245 μm (bend down) to 15 μm (bend up) for the model 1 depending on the rail temperature (in the range from –20 °C to +50 °C) and from –225 μm to –100 μm for the model 2. This allows concluding that the model 2 reflects deformation process more correctly, and the temperature influence on the deformation is less relevant compared to mechanical load value. The proposed model in contrast to the known ones implies static weighing characterized by more accuracy, reliability and simplicity of use. In the future it is planned the executing of the more detail research of a model with two wheels and an axle for determining optimal simulation time and obtained results accuracy.

Abstract The number of young adults seeking help for emotional distress, subsyndromal-syndromal mood/anxiety symptoms, including those associated with neuroticism, is rising and can be an early manifestation of mood/anxiety disorders. Identification of gray matter (GM) thickness alterations and their relationship with neuroticism and mood/anxiety symptoms can aid in earlier diagnosis and prevention of risk for future mood and anxiety disorders. In a transdiagnostic sample of young adults (n = 252;177 females; age 21.7 ± 2), Hypothesis (H) 1:regularized regression followed by multiple regression examined relationships among GM cortical thickness and clinician-rated depression, anxiety, and mania/hypomania; H2:the neuroticism factor and its subfactors as measured by NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were tested as mediators. Analyses revealed positive relationships between left parsopercularis thickness and depression (B = 4.87, p = 0.002), anxiety (B = 4.68, p = 0.002), mania/hypomania (B = 6.08, p ≤ 0.001); negative relationships between left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) thickness and depression (B = − 5.64, p ≤ 0.001), anxiety (B = − 6.77, p ≤ 0.001), mania/hypomania (B = − 6.47, p ≤ 0.001); and positive relationships between left isthmus cingulate thickness (B = 2.84, p = 0.011), and anxiety. NEO anger/hostility mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and mania/hypomania; NEO vulnerability mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and depression. Examining the interrelationships among cortical thickness, neuroticism and mood and anxiety symptoms enriches the potential for identifying markers conferring risk for mood and anxiety disorders and can provide targets for personalized intervention strategies for these disorders.

Most domestic sparkling wines are made of traditional champagne grape varieties. However, indigenous Crimean cultivars could increase the output of high-quality original beverages if a proper technology was introduced. This research featured young sparkling wines from Crimean grape varieties, i.e., Soldaya, Shabash, Kokur Beliy, Sary Pandas, Kefesiya, Dzhevat Kara, and Ekim Kara. Organic acids, sugars, glycerin, phenolic substances, and ethanol were determined by high performance liquid chromatography; the content of amine nitrogen was measured by formalin titration. The optical profile of the wine samples was subjected to the colorimetric method while their foamy properties were studied by bubbling the samples in a measuring cylinder. The sparkling properties depended on the rate of CO2 desorption; the volumetric method made it possible to define the CO2 content; the viscosity was measured using a viscometer. The sensory assessment followed State Standard 32051-2013, ISO 5492:2008, and ISO 11035:1994. The samples of Kokur Beliy, Sary Pandas, and Soldaya received high tasting ratings (≥ 9.0 points), as did the red variety of Kefesiya (8.95 points). They demonstrated a clear typical aroma and a harmonious taste, as well as good foamy and sparkling properties. The maximal foam volume correlated with amine nitrogen (r = 0.762) while the sparkling properties correlated with the mass fraction of bound CO2 (r = 0.977). The red sparkling wine from the Kefesiya variety had a dark garnet color due to its high anthocyanins. It also contained quercetin and glycoside, which are known for their biological (P-vitamin) activity and powerful antioxidant properties. The early low-sugar (< 18 g/100 cm3) varieties of Dzhevat Kara and Ekim Kara had the same acidity but demonstrated a less diverse phenolic profile and were paler in color. In this research, the indigenous Crimean grape cultivars of Kokur Beliy, Sary Pandas, Soldaya, and Kefesia showed good prospects for young sparkling wines. Other varieties needed special technologies to preserve their typical properties and the aroma/taste balance. The new technology makes it possible to obtain unique high-quality products right in the harvest year, thus increasing the range and volume of sparkling wine production.

The study aims to investigate the sources of the Egyptian regime’s legitimacy after the removal of Mohammed Morsi from office in 2013. The ruling elite, in particular President alSisi, has recently shown a growing inclination towards adopting Islam in the political discourse. As a result, there is a need to examine the factors that have contributed to this trend. The central hypothesis of the research is that the government, lacking institutional legitimacy, is compelled to reinforce the Islamic values in political communication to overcome internal political divisions and establish a sense of social connection between the authorities and citizens. To test this hypothesis, the study employs a qualitative content analysis of speeches made by President alSisi to the nation between 2014 and 2023. The analysis identifies four techniques for legitimation (mobilization, national identity consolidation, construction of a common past, and construction of a common future) and examines the functional role of Islam in each of them. The findings of the study suggest that Islamic norms and values are most actively appealed to in segments of texts devoted to national identity consolidation and constructing a common future. Both approaches involve a similar strategy of invoking Islam by associating and transferring attributes within pairs of words (religious context - secular context): nation - the Ummah; state - Islamic world; citizen - a Muslim. By using this rhetorical strategy, the government is shaping a narrative that places the contemporary Egyptian state within a religious and historical framework, as depicted in the Qur’an. This approach is aimed at establishing a set of values that can unite the nation and foster loyalty among citizens towards the government’s vision for Egypt’s future. However, there are almost no semantic sections dedicated to mobilizing citizens in the texts. This can be attributed to a pragmatic effort to steer clear of politicizing the electorate.