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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior O objetivo desta tese foi investigar o Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), parte integrante do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes), com o intuito de apreender e problematizar a concepção de qualidade instituída por esse exame na avaliação dos Cursos de Licenciatura em História de Instituições de Educação Superior públicas e privadas. Para tal, adotaram-se os procedimentos metodológicos da abordagem qualitativa, a saber, pesquisa bibliográfica, revisão de literatura, incluindo estado da arte e pesquisa documental. A abordagem sociológica e sócio-histórica da avaliação proposta por Afonso e Dias Sobrinho e os estudos críticos sobre as políticas de avaliação na Educação Superior, adotados como referenciais teóricos nesta investigação, possibilitaram compreender os nexos entre as escolhas de modalidades de avaliação predominantes no Sinaes entre 2004 e 2020 e a racionalidade neoliberal da concorrência identificada por Foucault (2008) como característica central do neoliberalismo. As análises produzidas permitiram verificar que o Estado brasileiro vem atuando na difusão da racionalidade neoliberal da concorrência na Educação Superior, por meio das políticas de avaliação. Constatou-se que o Sinaes se afastou da concepção de qualidade social que lhe deu origem e se aproximou da concepção de qualidade de mercado, ao introduzir e valorizar indicadores de desempenho e de produto na composição dos indicadores de qualidade dos cursos de graduação. Verificou-se ainda que a dimensão somativa e técnico-burocrática de avaliação, ancorada no paradigma positivista, identificada no Enade oferece limitações para aferir conhecimento, valor agregado pelos cursos na formação estudantil e definir a qualidade da Educação Superior. A serviço da comparação e do ranqueamento dos cursos na lógica da concorrência, o Enade fornece relatórios técnicos que buscam situar os cursos de graduação em relação aos resultados obtidos nacionalmente. Apesar das limitações identificadas no Enade, constatou-se que parte significativa das pesquisas de dissertações e teses, selecionadas neste trabalho reiteram a concepção política e pedagógica do exame, naturalizando os seus resultados sem a problematização necessária. Nesse sentido, tornam-se relevantes novos estudos críticos que busquem problematizar a concepção neoliberal de mundo, da Teoria do Capital Humano, absorvida na Pedagogia das Competências que vêm sendo legitimadas nas políticas de avaliação na Educação Superior em detrimento de outras abordagens. The objective of this research was to investigate the Brazilian National Student Performance Examination (Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes — Enade), part of the National Higher Education Assessment System (Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior — Sinaes), aiming at apprehending and questioning the concept of quality established by this exam in the evaluation of undergraduate courses of Teaching Degree in History of public and private institutions. To this end, the methodological procedures of a qualitative approach were adopted, namely, bibliographic research, review of literature, including state of the art and documental research. The sociological and socio-historical approach of the evaluation proposed by Afonso and Dias Sobrinho and the critical studies on evaluation policies in Higher Education, adopted as theoretical references in this investigation, made it possible to understand the nexus between the choices of evaluation modalities prevailing in the Sinaes system from 2004 to 2020 and the neoliberal rationality of the competition identified by Foucault (2008) as a central feature of neoliberalism. The analyses produced made it possible to verify that, through these evaluation policies, the Brazilian Government has been acting in the diffusion of the neoliberal rationality of competition in Higher Education. It was found that the Sinaes moved away from the concept of social quality, from which it was originated, and came closer to the concept of market quality, by introducing and valuing product and performance indicators in the composition of the quality indicators of undergraduate courses. It was also verified that the summative and technical-bureaucratic dimension of evaluation, anchored in the positivist paradigm, identified in the Enade, offers limitations to assess knowledge, added value by these courses in student training and to define the quality of Higher Education. For the service of comparing and ranking courses in the logic of competition, Enade provides technical reports that seek to place undergraduate courses in relation to the results obtained nationally. Despite the limitations identified in the Enade, it was found that a significant part of the dissertations and theses research selected for this work reiterate the political and pedagogical conception of the exam, naturalizing its results without the necessary problematization. In this sense, new critical studies that seek to problematize the neoliberal conception of the world, of the Human Capital Theory, absorbed in the Pedagogical Competencies that have been legitimized in evaluation policies in Higher Education to the detriment of other approaches, become relevant.

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa que investiga o Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), com o intuito de apreender os conhecimentos legitimados pela avaliação e as implicações pedagógicas do exame na definição de qualidade. Nesse trabalho, destacam-se o mapeamento e análise das tendências temáticas da produção científica brasileira em torno do Enade, referente ao período de 2004 a 2018 em teses e dissertações disponíveis no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Quanto à metodologia, optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Na sistematização da produção sobre o Enade, priorizou-se as seguintes categorias: área do conhecimento, cronologia da produção científica, procedência institucional, distribuição regional, eixos e tendências temáticas. O estudo evidencia que as avaliações estão impondo um modelo de formação profissional, induzindo uma pedagogia pautada nas competências e um currículo ajustado às demandas da economia. Observa-se ainda, um movimento de mudança na Educação Superior, nos últimos anos, impulsionado pelas políticas de avaliação, mais especificamente o Enade, que se configura como um exame estratégico na instauração de uma ordem político-pedagógica nas instituições de Educação Superior.

Knowing the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation is undoubtedly important for planning various economic/social activities, such as agriculture, livestock, and energy production. The coarse ...

To examine whether two consecutive soccer matches would affect skin temperature (t sk) measured via infrared thermography (IRT) in under-20 (U-20) soccer athletes, as well as verify whether the t sk changes would be different between regions of interest. A cross sectional study. Ten under-20 soccer athletes [age 19.0 ± 1.0 years; height 181.3 ± 6.6 cm; body fat percentage (BF%) 9.0 ± 1.8%, body surface area 1.9 m2 and $$\dot{V}$$ O2max 56.4 ± 3.2 ml min−1 kg−1]. Skin thermal responses obtained by IRT and creatine kinase concentration (CK) were evaluated in response to two soccer matches with 3 days of recovery between each match. The t sk increased (≅1.0 °C) 24 h after the first match in all studied regions of interest (ROIs), returning to near pre-match values 48 h after the first match. However, after playing the second match, the t sk increased even more (≅1.5 °C) 24 h after in all the considered ROIs, not returning to pre-match values 48 h after. Regarding CK analysis, its course during the experiment was similar to t sk, with high values 24 h after (first match 763.8 ± 294.5 U/L; second match 784.1 ± 298.8 U/L) and recovering 48 h after (first match 526.4 ± 289.7 U/L; second match 672.2 ± 285.0 U/L) both matches. However, when the two matches are compared, CK showed a higher value 48 h after the second match in comparison to first match (P = 0.002). The t sk and CK were moderately correlated in all ROIs analyzed, with higher correlation in the anterior right leg (r = 0.425) and anterior left leg (r = 0.428). The t sk of lower limbs as well as CK markedly change in response to two consecutive matches separated by an interval of 3 days. There is indication of the highest inflammatory response after the second match, which was preceded by just a 3-day recovery. In addition, a general increase was obtained in thighs and legs in anterior and posterior views.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between lower limbs skin temperature (Tsk) recorded by infrared thermography and creatine kinase (CK) response following an official soccer game. A professional soccer player, from the first division Brazilian League, defender, 27 years and 183 cm of height was analyzed. Measures of Tsk with a thermal camera and blood CK concentrations were obtained 24 hr before (24H-PRE), 24 (24H-POST) and 48 hr (48H-POST) after an official match. The results showed that CK values were 193 U/L 24 hr before, rising to 1,083 U/L 24 hr after the game and 414 U/L 48 hr after the game. Anterior thigh Tsk was 31.5°C, 33.8°C, and 31.8°C in the moments 24H-PRE, 24H-POST, and 48H-POST, respectively. Similarly, anterior leg presented temperature of 31.2°C, 33.3°C, and 31.5°C at the same moments. Qualitative analysis of the thermograms showed that whole lower limbs are much warmer 24 hr after the match and certain areas as the right anterior thigh, the left anterior leg, both anterior ankles, and both posterior thighs have not fully recovered their initial Tsk 48 hr after the match. The results of this study indicate that participation in a professional soccer match can lead to significant increases in Tsk values measured by IRT 24 hr after the match. Considering this variable as an indicator of muscular damage, it could help in the process of training control, being part of an injury prevention program in professional soccer clubs.

The prediction of occurrence of severe convective events allows to issue meteorological alerts in order to reduce potential catastrophic events. In many cases, numerical models for weather forecast are not able to efficiently simulate such events. Alternatively, considering the large amount and diversity of meteorological data, the employment of Data Mining techniques has become widespread. In the case of convective activity, the use of past data allows to identify characteristic patterns in the model forecasts by associating them to the corresponding field of density of occurrence of cloud-to-ground atmospheric electrical discharges. Such task is performed by a machine learning algorithm, in this case, a set of neural networks. As a consequence, these patterns can be detected in future forecasts generated by the numerical model, allowing to predict the occurrence of discharges, which are associated to convective activity. In the current work, the proposed approach was applied to BRAMS, a numerical model developed in the country for operational and research use in Meteorology. Consequently, the ability to predict the occurrence of discharges by the set of neural networks was analysed for some selected events as well as its usefulness as an ancillary tool in operational weather forecast.

da Silva, CD, Machado, G, Fernandes, AA, Teoldo, I, Pimenta, EM, Marins, JCB, and Garcia, ES. Muscle damage-based recovery strategies can be supported by predictive capacity of specific global positioning system accelerometry parameters immediately after soccer match-load. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1410-1418, 2021-Soccer match-load can be linked to recovery kinetic markers. However, match variability hinders the magnitude of relationship between parameters of interest. Therefore, we examined the correlation between 21 global positioning system accelerometry (GPS-A) parameters and changes in serum creatine kinase (CK) concentrations, muscle soreness (MS), and perceptive recovery quality (PRQ) assessed at baseline (1 h before) and post (0 minute, 2, 4, and 24 hours) a standardized 90-minute match-simulation in 20 university players. Global positioning system accelerometry (15 Hz) data were tested as manufacturer and configurable thresholds. Four GPS-A parameters showed moderate to very large correlations with CK changes at all time points (average speed [avgSP, r = 0.75 to r = 0.84]; running symmetry foot strikes [RSfst, r = 0.53-0.63]; running series [RunS, r = 0.53-0.61]; and acceleration distance [AccD ≥ 1.5 m·s-2; r = 0.46-0.61]). Sprint count (≥2 m·s-2), AccD (≥2.5 m·s-2) and speed exertion (SpEx) had a moderate to large correlation (r = 0.46-0.56) with CK changes from 2 to 24 hours. Changes in MS at 0 minute had large correlation with avgSP (r = 0.53) and moderate with deceleration distance (≥-2 and ≥-3 m·s-2; r = 0.47, r = 0.48, respectively). The PRQ changes had moderate inverse correlation with avgSP at 0 minute (r = -0.39) and SpEx at 2 h (r = -0.69). Our results suggest that during a simulated soccer protocol with a standard workload, only the avgSP has practical application for predicting CK changes over 24 hours, allowing for a decision-making toward a postgame recovery based on previously known CK cutoff points. Global positioning system accelerometry parameters and subjective variables did not demonstrate relevant correlation.

The precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (named TMPA and TMPA-RT for the near real-time version) are widely used both in research and in operational forecasting. However, they will be discontinued soon. The products from the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) are analyzed as potential replacements for TMPA products. The objective of this study is to assess whether the IMERG and/or GSMaP products can properly replace TMPA in several regions with different precipitation regimes within Brazil. The validation study was conducted during the period from 1st of April, 2014 to the 28th of February, 2017 (1065 days), using daily accumulated rain gauge stations over Brazil. Six regions were considered for this study: five according to the precipitation regime, plus another one for the entire Brazilian territory. IMERG-Final, TMPA-V7 and GSMaP-Gauges were the selected versions of those algorithms for this validation study, which include a bias adjustment with monthly (IMERG and TMPA) and daily (GSMaP) gauge accumulations, because they are widely used in the user’s community. Results indicate similar behavior for IMERG and TMPA products, showing that they overestimate precipitation, while GSMaP tend to slightly underestimate the amount of rainfall in most of the analyzed regions. The exception is the northeastern coast of Brazil, where all products underestimate the daily rainfall accumulations. For all analyzed regions, GSMaP and IMERG products present a better performance compared to TMPA products; therefore, they could be suitable replacements for the TMPA. This is particularly important for hydrological forecasting in small river basins, since those products present a finer spatial and temporal resolution compared with TMPA.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência A temperatura da pele (TP) avaliada através da termografia infravermelha (TRI) é uma maneira não invasiva de se mensurar uma das respostas do organismo (calor) ao processo inflamatório, podendo, assim, ser uma variável associada ao dano muscular, que pode ser utilizada como estratégia para o controle do treinamento em atletas de alto rendimento. Desse modo, os objetivos deste estudo são: analisar a cinética da TP de membros inferiores em atletas de futebol de elite após a participação em partidas oficiais, nos momentos M1 - (Pré-Jogo), M2 - 24 horas após a realização da partida; M3 - 48 horas após a realização da partida; verificar a possível correlação entre a TP com o percentual individualizado da creatina quinase (CK); comparar as regiões corporais de interesse (RCIs) do lado direito com esquerdo, bem como da visão anterior com posterior; apresentar um novo método para análise da TP de membros inferiores baseada na quantificação do número de pixels estratificado por faixas de temperaturas e zonas de referência de temperatura; além de analisar o número totais de pixels nas pernas direita e esquerda nas visões anterior e posterior nos diferentes momentos estudados. Para tal, a amostra foi composta por trinta (30) atletas de futebol pertencentes a um clube profissional da primeira divisão do futebol brasileiro, sendo que a coleta dos dados de CK e TP foi realizada nos três momentos indicados anteriormente, ao longo das temporadas 2015, sete (7) partidas e da temporada 2016 seis (6) partidas do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol da Série A. Os resultados apontam que a TP de todas as RCIs é estatisticamente significativa (P

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd The importance of using infrared thermography (IRT) to assess skin temperature (t sk ) is increasing in clinical settings. Recently, its use has been increasing in sports and exercise medicine; however, no consensus guideline exists to address the methods for collecting data in such situations. The aim of this study was to develop a checklist for the collection of t sk using IRT in sports and exercise medicine. We carried out a Delphi study to set a checklist based on consensus agreement from leading experts in the field. Panelists (n = 24) representing the areas of sport science (n = 8; 33%), physiology (n = 7; 29%), physiotherapy (n = 3; 13%) and medicine (n = 6; 25%), from 13 different countries completed the Delphi process. An initial list of 16 points was proposed which was rated and commented on by panelists in three rounds of anonymous surveys following a standard Delphi procedure. The panel reached consensus on 15 items which encompassed the participants’ demographic information, camera/room or environment setup and recording/analysis of t sk using IRT. The results of the Delphi produced the checklist entitled “Thermographic Imaging in Sports and Exercise Medicine (TISEM)” which is a proposal to standardize the collection and analysis of t sk data using IRT. It is intended that the TISEM can also be applied to evaluate bias in thermographic studies and to guide practitioners in the use of this technique.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o Programa de Avaliação da Aprendizagem Escolar (PAAE), implementado pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Minas Gerais (SEE-MG), identificando as suas implicações nas práticas de ensino de História. Pretendeu-se analisar as concepções teórico-metodológicas de avaliação e de ensino-aprendizagem que norteiam o programa e os modos de uso de avaliação nas práticas docentes no Ensino Médio. Como procedimento metodológico foram adotadas a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo que envolveu a aplicação de questionários a professores de História, a observação do uso de avaliações, a análise de conteúdo de matrizes curriculares e de itens de teste de provas geradas pelo PAAE, e que são aplicadas nas escolas. Adotou-se como categoria de análise a abordagem sociológica da avaliação com base nas contribuições de Afonso (2009), na busca de interfaces no debate contemporâneo sobre a relação entre avaliação, currículo e trabalho docente. Nessa perspectiva, a avaliação torna-se campo privilegiado de investigação que permite a análise de nexos existentes nos sistemas e modelos de regulação estatal, nas modalidades vinculadas às concepções pedagógicas, contextos e conjunturas políticas e socioeconômicas. Os resultados indicam que o discurso das vantagens e benefícios promovidos pelos sistemas e programas de avaliação pautados no modelo de gestão educacional inspirado em accountability, tende a ocultar a complexidade intrínseca ao campo da didática, ao processo ensino-aprendizagem, em favor de concepções reducionistas de ensino, de viés tecnicista, desconsiderando a pluralidade de conceitos e a dimensão multifacetada do currículo e das práticas de avaliação da aprendizagem escolar. Especificamente em relação ao PAAE, observou-se uma contradição entre o anúncio do caráter inovador dos itens utilizados como recurso pedagógico e a presença hegemônica de questões tradicionais da disciplina de História. Evidenciou-se que tal procedimento contribui para a manutenção de posturas conservadoras nas práticas de avaliação, em detrimento da modalidade formativa anunciada. A observação das práticas de uso do programa pelos professores demonstra que, como política pública, o PAAE não tem alcançado os resultados almejados pelos gestores e idealizadores. Observou-se ainda, a distância entre o dito e o feito sobre a concepção de avaliação formativa no Ensino Médio. O programa instaurou a cultura de testes padronizados, limitando a perspectiva curricular presente no Currículo Básico Comum (CBC) da disciplina de História. The main goal of this study was to investigate the Programa de Avaliação da Aprendizagem Escolar (PAAE) [Evaluation Program of School Learning], implemented by Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Minas Gerais (SEE-MG) [Minas Gerais Department of Education], identifying its implications on the practices of History teaching. We intended to get to analyze the theoretical-methodological conceptions of evaluation and teaching-learning that guide the program and the ways of use of evaluation at the teaching practices of High School. As methodological approach we have adopted literature, documental and field review, which consisted of questionnaire application to History teachers, the observation of the use of evaluations, the analysis of content from curricular matrixes and of test items from exams generated by PAAE, and that are applied on the schools of the public state education system. We adopted as analytical categories the sociological approach of evaluation based on the contributions of Afonso (2009), in the search for interfaces on the contemporary debate on the relationship between evaluation, curriculum and teacher work. Under this perspective, evaluation becomes a privileged investigation field that allows for the analysis of nexus existent on the systems and models for state regulation, on the modalities bind to pedagogical conceptions, contexts and political and socioeconomic conjunctures. The results evince that the discourse of advantages and benefits promoted by the systems and evaluation programs lined on the educational management model inspired by accountability tends to hide the complexity intrinsic to the field of didactics, to the teaching-learning process, in favor to the reductionist conceptions of teaching, of a technicalist bias, disregarding the plurality of concepts and the multifaceted dimension of curriculum and of the practices of evaluation of school learning. Specifically in relation to PAAE, we have observed a contradiction between the announcement of the innovator character of the items used as pedagogical resource and the hegemonic present of traditional questions of History matter. We observed that such procedure have contributed to the maintenance of conservative postures on the evaluation practices, in detriment of the formative modality announced. The observation of the practices of use of the program by the teachers show that, as a public policy, PAAE has not achieved the results expected by the managers and idealizers. We also observed the distance between said and done about the conception of formative evaluation on High School. The program installed the culture of standardized tests, limiting the curricular perspective present on Currículo Básico Comum (CBC) [Common Basic Curriculum] of History matter.

Thermography has been used as a technique that may assist in understanding of thermoregulatory adjustments during exercise. The aim of this study is to analyze the behavior of hands skin temperature during a submaximal progressive test in cycle ergometer of lower limbs. Materials and methods: Twelve physically active men were submitted to a progressive submaximal test on cycle ergometer of lower limbs, and thermographic images of the hands’ back were taken before the exercise, every minute during the test, and in the third minute after interrupt. Results: The results showed a significant decrease of skin temperature from the back of the hands since the fourth minute until the third minute after the interruption of the exercise. It was concluded that the skin temperature from the dorsum of the hands decreases significantly through progressive short duration exercise on cycle ergometer of lower limbs.

O presente artigo apresenta dados de uma pesquisa que investigou o Programa de Avaliação da Aprendizagem Escolar (PAAE), identificando interfaces com o Currículo Básico Comum (CBC) de História no Ensino Médio. A partir da observação da prática docente, buscou-se analisar as concepções de avaliação e de ensino-aprendizagem que norteiam o programa e as implicações deste na organização do trabalho docente. Para tanto, elegeu-se como referencial teórico os autores do campo da avaliação educacional, currículo e trabalho docente. Constatou-se convergência entre as intenções do PAAE e o uso do programa pelo professor no que se refere à aproximação entre o currículo e às práticas de avaliação. Entretanto, observou-se que a tecnologia oferecida pelo PAAE não impediu que a avaliação assumisse na escola uma função distinta da concepção que fundamenta o programa.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a validade preditiva das equações de referência para predição da força de preensão manual (FPM) em homens brasileiros de meia idade e idosos. Foram avaliados 60 homens com idade de 58,7±8,6 anos (50-84 anos), estatura 168,7±8,0 cm, massa corporal 67,9±13,0 kg e índice de massa corporal 23,7±4,0 kg/m², utilizando equipamento 'padrão-ouro' na avaliação da FPM e seguindo todas as recomendações metodológicas preconizadas pela American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT). Os resultados do diagrama de Bland-Altman para mão dominante (MD) apresentam um erro médio (viés) de -8,4% (IC95% -51,6-34,7). Já o diagrama de Bland-Altman para mão não dominante (MND) apresenta um erro médio (viés) de 1,4% (IC95% -47,1-49,8). O cálculo de Cronbach's alpha para a MD foi de 0,69 e 0,59 para MND. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para MD foi 0,52 (IC95% 31-68) e de 0,42 (IC95% 20-60) para a MND. Concluímos que as equações para predição analisadas neste estudo, para uma população de homens brasileiros de meia idade e idosos, apresentou baixa validade preditiva, o que pode gerar erros de interpretação dos resultados.

ResumenObjetivoPresentar los efectos de la taurina (Tau) en la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica, además de describir sus mecanismos de acción.MétodoSe ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline y SportDiscus, teniendo como criterios de inclusión estudios con humanos, publicados en lengua inglesa, entre el 1 de enero de 2000 hasta el 1 de septiembre de 2011. La manera de consumo de Tau fue: Tau aislada o como ingrediente de bebidas energéticas evaluada con un suplemento placebo. La calidad de los estudios seleccionados fue valorada por la escala de PEDro siendo considerados los artículos con puntuaciones por encima de 5.ResultadosFueron seleccionados 14 estudios, siendo 11 los que obtuvieron cambios en la capacidad física aeróbica y 3 en la anaeróbica. Se observaron mejoras significativas en las actividades aeróbicas (8 de los 11 artículos) de igual manera que en las anaeróbicas (2 de los 3 estudios) tras ingesta de Tau frente a placebo.ConclusiónEl consumo agudo de apenas 1g de Tau, independiente del tiempo previo de ingesta presentó un efecto positivo frente la capacidad física aeróbica y anaeróbica. El principal efecto ergogénico que se observó en el componente aerobio fue aumentar la capacidad temporal para realizar un ejercicio, sin embargo en la actividad anaerobia proporcionó una mejora en la respuesta de los iones de calcio durante la contracción muscularAbstractObjectiveDescribe the effects of taurine (Tau) on aerobic and anaerobic physical performance as well as its mechanisms of action.MethodA systematic literature review on PubMed/Medline and SPORTDiscus was performed, including studies on humans which were published in English between January 1st, 2000 and September 1st, 2011.The forms of Tau intake were as the isolated compound (Tau) or as an ingredient in energy drinks analyzed with a placebo supplement. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the PEDro scale and included articles with at least 5 points.ResultsAfter the filtering process, 14 studies were selected from which 11 presented changes in aerobic physical performance and 3 in anaerobic physical performance. Significant improvements were observed in aerobic activities (8 out of 11 articles) and in anaerobic activities (2 out of 3 studies) after intake of Tau, compared to the placebo.ConclusionThe consumption of only 1g of Tau, regardless of the time prior to intake, showed a beneficial effect on aerobic and anaerobic physical performance. The main ergogenic effect observed in the aerobic component was an increase on the temporal capacity of performing an exercise, whereas for the anaerobic activity there was a better response of calcium ions during muscle contraction.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a validade preditiva das equações de referência para predição da força de preensão manual (FPM) em homens brasileiros de meia idade e idosos. Foram avaliados 60 homens com idade de 58,7±8,6 anos (50-84 anos), estatura 168,7±8,0 cm, massa corporal 67,9±13,0 kg e índice de massa corporal 23,7±4,0 kg/m², utilizando equipamento 'padrão-ouro' na avaliação da FPM e seguindo todas as recomendações metodológicas preconizadas pela American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT). Os resultados do diagrama de Bland-Altman para mão dominante (MD) apresentam um erro médio (viés) de -8,4% (IC95% -51,6-34,7). Já o diagrama de Bland-Altman para mão não dominante (MND) apresenta um erro médio (viés) de 1,4% (IC95% -47,1-49,8). O cálculo de Cronbach's alpha para a MD foi de 0,69 e 0,59 para MND. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para MD foi 0,52 (IC95% 31-68) e de 0,42 (IC95% 20-60) para a MND. Concluímos que as equações para predição analisadas neste estudo, para uma população de homens brasileiros de meia idade e idosos, apresentou baixa validade preditiva, o que pode gerar erros de interpretação dos resultados.The objective of this study was to verify the predictive validity of reference equations for hand grip strength (HGS) in middle-aged and elderly Brazilian men. We evaluated 60 men with age of 58.7±8.6 years, height 168.7±8.0 cm, body mass 67.9±13.0 kg, and body mass index 23.7±4.0 kg/m², utilizing the gold standard equipment for evaluation of HGS and following all methodological recommendations of the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASTH). The results of the Bland-Altman diagram for the dominant hand (DH) had a mean error (bias) of -8.4% (95%CI -51.6-34.7). The Bland-Altman diagram for the non-dominant hand (NDH) had a mean error (bias) of 1.4% (95%CI -47.1-49.8). The calculation of Cronbach's alpha was 0.69 for the DH and 0.59 for the NDH. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.52 (95%CI 31-68) for the DH and 0.42 (95%CI 20-60) for the NDH. We therefore conclude that the reference equations for HGS evaluated in this study has low predictive validity for a population of Brazilian men middle-aged and elderly, and may lead to a misinterpretation of the results.

Research into obtaining a fast, valid, reliable and non-invasive measure of core temperature is of interest in many disciplinary fields. Occupational and sports medicine research has attempted to determine a non-invasive proxy for core temperature particularly when access to participants is limited and thermal safety is of a concern due to protective encapsulating clothing, hot ambient environments and/or high endogenous heat production during athletic competition. This investigation aimed to determine the validity of inner canthus of the eye temperature (TEC) as an alternate non-invasive measure of intestinal core temperature (TC) during rest, exercise and post-exercise conditions. Twelve physically active males rested for 30 min prior to exercise, performed 60 min of aerobic exercise at 60% V̇O2max and passively recovered a further 60 min post-exercise. TEC and TC were measured at 5 min intervals during each condition. Mean differences between TEC and TC were 0.61 °C during pre-exercise, −1.78 °C during exercise and −1.00 °C during post-exercise. The reliability between the methods was low in the pre-exercise (ICC=0.49 [−0.09 to 0.82]), exercise (ICC=−0.14 [−0.65 to 0.44]) and post-exercise (ICC=−0.25 [−0.70 to 0.35]) conditions. In conclusion, poor agreement was observed between the TEC values measured through IRT and TC measured through a gastrointestinal telemetry pill. Therefore, TEC is not a valid substitute measurement to gastrointestinal telemetry pill in sports and exercise science settings., Highlights • Inner canthus of the eye is not a valid measure of intestinal core temperature. • Inner canthus of the eye temperature has severe errors in exercises settings. • The variability is more evident in the aerobic exercise and post-exercise conditions.

Introduction The human body makes many physiological adjustments throughout the day, including adjustments to body temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine oscillations in the skin temperature (Tsk-1–Tsk-25) at 25 body regions of interest (ROIs) over 1 day using infrared thermography. Methods Tsk values of 31 male (age 22.9±3.0 years) Brazilian Air Force members were evaluated from five thermograms collected at 7, 11, 15, 19 and 23 h (Tsk7,11,15,19,23) by a Fluke imager. We applied one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures for the different times of the day and Tukey9s post hoc test to determine significant Tsk differences between ROIs (α=0.05), and the cosinor analysis was used to determine the midline estimating statistic of rhythm, amplitude and acrophase of Tsk during the 24 h period. Results The anterior hands showed the greatest Tsk variations throughout the day. In the lower limbs, scapula, abdomen, chest and lower back, Tsk-11, Tsk-15, Tsk-19 and Tsk-23 were significantly different (p Conclusions The Tsk at all ROIs and the averaged Tsk showed oscillations throughout the day, with the lowest values in the early morning (07:00). Temperature fluctuations depended on the specific ROI, with thermal stabilisation in some regions in the afternoon and a central upward trend throughout the day in the hands.

ResumoObjetivoDescrever as alterações na temperatura da pele (Tp) durante exercício através da termografia infravermelha (TIR).MétodoRealizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando os termos (exercise) and (thermography) nas bases de dados da MEDLINE/PubMed IEEEXplore e SciELO, tendo como principais fatores de inclusão, estudos com humanos e sem nenhum tipo de comprometimento físico e metabólico durante a realização do exercício físico.ResultadosForam selecionados, após processo de filtragem, oito estudos. A Tp tende a diminuir nos momentos iniciais da execução do exercício, sendo sua magnitude dependente da duração e intensidade da atividade proposta. Em exercícios com carga progressiva observa-se uma contínua redução da temperatura da pele em comparação aos valores de repouso. Contudo, em exercícios prolongados, a Tp pode variar segundo a região corporal analisada com redução, manutenção ou mesmo aumento – como é o caso das regiões musculares principais envolvidas no exercício. A Tp apresenta respostas específicas em cada região corporal durante a realização do exercício em função da necessidade de perder calor.ConclusãoA Tp diminui na fase inicial do exercício. A forma de execução deste de perfil máximo ou submáximo irá determinar a resposta da Tp. Não existe uma resposta homogênea na Tp entre as diferentes regiões corporais indicando assim ser extremamente complexo o processo de controle da temperatura central, de forma que a TIR pode ser um instrumento valioso para analisar tanto a resposta térmica tanto local como global.AbstractObjectiveTo describe the changes on Skin Temperature (Tsk) during exercise through Infrared Thermography.MethodA systematic review of the current literature was made, using the keywords “exercise” and “thermography” on the database MEDLINE/PubMed, IEEEXplore and SciELO. The research was made including the articles done with healthy humans without any physical or metabolic impairment.ResultsAfter the exclusion process eight articles were selected. Tsk was has the tendency to decrease at the beginning of the exercise, depending on the duration and intensity of the task. In graded exercises a continuous reduction on Tsk was observed. Nevertheless, a bigger duration could lead to different thermal responses depending on the body area: reduction, maintenance or even an increase on the main regions involved on the exercise. Tsk has specific thermal responses depending on the body region and the heat loss necessities.ConclusionTsk decreases during the early stages of exercise. The thermal response will depend on the way of doing the maximal or submaximal exercise. There is a heterogeneous thermal response of Tsk between the different body regions, showing the extremely complexity of body temperature control. Therefore, Infrared Thermography could be a valuable tool in order to monitor both the local or the main thermal responses.

Introduction Soccer is among the sports with the highest injury rate. A group of international experts from the Fédération Internationale de Football Association — FIFA’s Medical Assessment and Research Centre — have developed the “FIFA 11+”, a warm-up programme whose main goal is to reduce the risk of common injuries in both male and female soccer players. Objective To conduct a literature review in order to check the efficiency of the “FIFA 11 +” warm-up programme in preventing injuries in soccer players. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies in the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect and SPORTDiscus, using the following keywords in combination with one another: “injury”, “prevention” and “warm-up”. Results Five studies met the inclusion criteria. In four studies, the authors conclude that the “FIFA 11 +” warm-up programme is effective for preventing injuries in soccer players. In one study, this protective effect was not observed. Conclusion The analyzed studies indicate that the FIFA 11+ warm-up programme for the prevention of sports injuries show positive signs that the use of the programme may help reduce the incidence of injuries in girls aged 13–17 years. In a male children population the results are inconclusive and further research is needed. Introdução O futebol está entre os esportes com maior incidência de lesão quando comparado a outras modalidades esportivas. Um grupo de especialistas internacionais da Fédération Internationale de Football Association — FIFA’s Medical Assessment and Research Centre — desenvolveram o “The 11+”, um programa de aquecimento que possui como principal objetivo reduzir o risco de lesões mais comuns de jogadores de futebol de ambos os sexos. Objetivo Verificar, por meio de revisão de literatura, a eficácia do programa de aquecimento “The 11+” para prevenir lesões em atletas de futebol. Método Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando as palavras-chave “Injury”, “prevention” e “warm-up”, em cruzamento, nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect e SPORTDiscus. Resultados Foram selecionados após processo de filtragem cinco estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, em quatro estudos os autores concluem que o programa de aquecimento “The 11+” é eficiente para prevenir lesões em atletas de futebol e em um estudo não observou-se o efeito protetor. Conclusão Tendo em vista os estudos analisados, o programa de aquecimento voltado para prevenção de lesões esportivas “The 11+” apresenta indícios positivos de que pode reduzir a taxa de incidência de lesões em meninas na faixa etária de 13 a 17 anos. Em uma população de meninos os resultados não são conclusivos, sendo necessários mais estudos.

Background: Infrared thermography (IRT) does not require contact with the skin, and it is a convenient, reliable and non-invasive technique that can be used for monitoring the skin temperature (T SK ). Objectives: The aim of this study was to monitor the variations in the regional T SK during exercise on 28 regions of interest (ROIs) (forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, lumbar, anterior and posterior neck, and posterior and anterior views of the right and left hands, forearms, upper arms, thighs, and legs) with IRT. Patients and Methods: 12 physically active young males were monitored with IRT during the following three phases: a) 30 minutes before exercise b) while performing one hour of moderate intensity exercise on a treadmill at 60% of the VO 2max , and c) 60 minutes after exercise. Results: During pre-exercise, all T SK reached a steady-state (P ≤ 0.05), which ensured adequate thermal stabilisation. At the beginning of exercise, there was a significant reduction in the T SK in most ROIs after 10 minutes of activity, except for the lower limbs (legs and thighs). After one hour of recovery, in the anterior view of the hands and thighs and in the posterior view of the legs, there were significant increases in the T SK compared to pre-exercise. Conclusions: There were significant distinctions in the skin temperature distribution during exercise according to the activity of the area under consideration during exercise, which may be important in the development of physiological models and heat flux analyses for different purposes.

Aim The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in skin temperature ( T sk ) for 21 regions of interest (ROIs) of the body throughout the day in a military sample using infrared thermography. Methods The T sk of 20 male (23.2 ± 2.9 yr) and 20 female (20.5 ± 1.3 yr) Brazilian Air Force Military members were evaluated with four thermograms collected at 7:00 AM ( T sk7 ) and 7:00 PM ( T sk19 ) by a Fluke® thermal camera. The ROIs analyzed included the abdomen and bilateral anterior and posterior views of the hands, forearms, arms, thighs, and legs. Student’s t -tests were performed on independent samples ( α = 0.05). Results With the exception of the hands, men’s T sk7 was significantly higher than that of women ( p T sk19 ), only the temperatures of the posterior side of the thigh and leg were significantly lower ( p Conclusions In the early morning, men present a greater average T sk than women across all evaluated ROIs; however, those differences disappear after 12 h, except for the posterior thighs and legs. The hands were the sole areas showing similar temperatures at both time points.

Introduction Muscle fatigue is a phenomenon associated with physical work. It is common in endurance sports, physical fitness tests and daily activities. Some tests can be directly affected by the effect of peripheral muscle fatigue, including the handgrip strength (HGS) test, which is considered baseline measure for assessing the functionality of the hand. Objectives a) verify the effect of peripheral muscle fatigue (between trials) during the testing of HGS, with a 60-second recovery interval; b) to analyze whether there is a difference in considering the mean value obtained in three trials or the best result as the final result. Materials and methods The final sample comprised 1,279 men. We followed the standard methodology and used a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Results There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the dominant hand among all the trials: first (46.5 ± 8.6 Kgf), second (46.4 ± 8.5 Kgf) and third (46.1 ± 8.6 Kgf); and also in the non-dominant hand: first (44.9 ± 8.4 Kgf), second (44.5 ± 8.3 Kgf) and third (44.0 ± 8.3 Kgf). We also found statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two ways of considering the final result. For the dominant hand, the mean of the three attempts was 46.3 ± 8.3 Kgf and the best result was 48.1 ± 8.5 Kgf, whereas for the non-dominant hand, these results were 44.5 ± 8.2 Kgf and 46.0 ± 8.2 kgf, respectively. Conclusion Peripheral muscle fatigue directly interferes in the final result. A significant reduction in strength levels occurs in course of the assessment. The best result is frequently obtained at the first trial, which indicates that the highest value obtained should be considered as the final result. Introdução A fadiga muscular é um fenômeno associado ao trabalho comum em esportes de resistência, testes físicos e em atividades diárias. Alguns testes podem ser diretamente afetados pelo efeito da fadiga muscular periférica, dentre estes a força de preensão manual (FPM) que é considerada a medida referência para avaliação da funcionalidade da mão. Objetivos a) verificar o efeito da fadiga muscular periférica, entre as tentativas, durante a realização do teste de FPM com intervalo de recuperação de 60 segundos; b) analisar a existência da diferença em considerar como resultado final o valor médio obtido nas três tentativas ou o melhor resultado. Materiais e métodos Foram medidos 1.279 homens seguindo-se a metodologia padrão e utilização de um dinamômetro hidráulico manual. Resultados Houve diferença estatística significativa (P < 0,05) na mão dominante entre todas as tentativas. Primeira (46,5 ± 8,6 Kgf), segunda (46,4 ± 8,5 Kgf), terceira (46,1 ± 8,6 Kgf) e, na mão não dominante entre todas as tentativas, primeira (44,9 ± 8,4 Kgf), segunda (44,5 ± 8,3 Kgf) e terceira (44,0 ± 8,3 Kgf), bem como foi observada diferença estatística significativa (P < 0,05) entre as duas formas de se considerar o resultado final. Na mão dominante a média das três tentativas foi de (46,3 ± 8,3 Kgf) e, considerando o melhor resultado (48,1 ± 8,5 Kgf), já na mão não dominante foram (44,5 ± 8,2 Kgf) e (46,0 ± 8,2 Kgf) respectivamente. Conclusão A fadiga muscular periférica interfere diretamente no resultado final, indicando redução significativa no decorrer da avaliação. O melhor resultado, frequentemente, é obtido na primeira tentativa, sendo indicado considerar como resultado final o maior valor obtido.

In this study, a method of numerical weather prediction by ensemble for the South American region is proposed. This method takes into account combinations of the numerical predictions of various models, assigning greater weight to models that exhibit the best performance. Nine operational numerical models were used to perform this study. The main objective of the study is to obtain a weather forecasting product (short-to-medium range) that combines what is best in each of the nine models used in the study, thus producing more reliable predictions. The proposed method was evaluated during austral summer (December 2012, and January and February 2013) and winter (June, July and August 2013). The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the results provided by the numerical models, and consequently has promising potential for operational applications in any weather forecasting center.

Thermography for scientific research and practical purposes requires a series of procedures to obtain images that should be standardized; one of the most important is the time required for acclimatization in the controlled environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the appropriate acclimatization time in rest to reach a thermal balance on young people skin. Forty-four subjects participated in the study, 18 men (22.3 ± 3.1 years) and 26 women (21.7 ± 2.5 years). Thermographic images were collected using a thermal imager (Fluke ®), totaling 44 images over a period of 20 minutes. The skin temperature (TSK) was measured at the point of examination which included the 0 minute, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20. The body regions of interest (ROI) analyzed included the hands, forearms, arms, thighs, legs, chest and abdomen. We used the Friedman test with post hoc Dunn?s in order to establish the time at rest required to obtain a TSK balance and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare age, BMI, body fat percentage and temperature variations between men and women, considering always a significance level of pmenor que0.05. Results showed that women had significantly higher temperature variations than men (pmenor que0.01) along the time. In men, only the body region of the abdomen obtained a significant variance (pmenor que0.05) on the analyzed period, both in the anterior and posterior part. In women, the anterior abdomen and thighs, and the posterior part of the hands, forearms and abdomen showed significant differences (pmenor que0.05). Based on our results, it can be concluded that the time in rest condition required reaching a TSK balance in young men and women is variable, but for whole body analysis it is recommended at least 10 minutes for both sexes.

Measuring skin temperature (TSK) provides important information about the complex thermal control system and could be interesting when carrying out studies about thermoregulation. The most common method to record TSK involves thermocouples at specific locations; however, the use of infrared thermal imaging (IRT) has increased. The two methods use different physical processes to measure TSK, and each has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the mean skin temperature (MTSK) measurements using thermocouples and IRT in three different situations: pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise. Analysis of the residual scores in Bland-Altman plots showed poor agreement between the MTSK obtained using thermocouples and those using IRT. The averaged error was -0.75 °C during pre-exercise, 1.22 °C during exercise and -1.16 °C during post-exercise, and the reliability between the methods was low in the pre- (ICC = 0.75 [0.12 to 0.93]), during (ICC = 0.49 [-0.80 to 0.85]) and post-exercise (ICC = 0.35 [-1.22 to 0.81] conditions. Thus, there is poor correlation between the values of MTSK measured by thermocouples and IRT pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise, and low reliability between the two forms of measurement.

The aim of this study was to establish the skin temperature (Tsk) thermal profile for the Brazilian population and to compare the differences between female and male Brazilian adults. A total of 117 female and 103 male were examined with a thermographic camera. The Tsk of 24 body regions of interest (ROI) were recorded and analyzed. Male Tsk results were compared to female and 10 ROI were evaluated with respect to the opposite side of the body (right vs. left) to identify the existence of significant contralateral Tsk differences (?Tsk). When compared right to left, the largest contralateral ?Tsk was 0.3 °C. The female vs. male analysis yielded significant differences (p menor que0.05) in 13 of the 24 ROI. Thigh regions, both ventral and dorsal, had the highest ?Tsk by sex (? 1.0 °C). Tsk percentile below P5 or P10 and over P9o or P95 may be used to characterize hypothermia and hyperthermia states, respectively. Thermal patterns and Tsk tables 2 were established for Brazilian adult men and women for each ROI. There is a low Tsk variation between sides of the body and gender differences were only significant for some ROIs.

Este texto visa a contribuir com o debate na área de políticas públicas de avaliação, com dados analisados sobre o Programa de Avaliação da Aprendizagem Escolar (PAAE) e suas interfaces com o Currículo Básico Comum (CBC) da disciplina de História na Rede Pública Estadual de Educação de Minas Gerais. Buscou-se analisar as concepções de avaliação e de ensino-aprendizagem que norteiam o programa, e que estão presentes no CBC. Para tanto, elegeu-se como referencial teórico os autores do campo da avaliação e do currículo. Constatou-se uma convergência entre as concepções de ensino de História presentes na proposta curricular para o Ensino Médio e os itens de teste utilizados pelo programa, assim como a necessidade de pesquisas no interior das escolas, como forma de preencher as lacunas existentes nos debates no campo da avaliação educacional e do currículo.

INTRODUÇÃO: Diferentes modalidades esportivas utilizam as mãos como importante seguimento corporal envolvido para o desempenho. Entre essas modalidades destacam-se judô, tênis, vela, remo, boxe, levantamento de peso e outras. A força de preensão manual é exigida nessas modalidades específicas, em que o nível de força gerado pode ser o diferencial no desempenho final. A dinamometria manual é um valioso instrumento a ser utilizado na detecção do talento esportivo, no controle do treinamento e na avaliação de recuperação de lesão. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão sobre os principais aspectos metodológicos envolvidos na mensuração da força de preensão manual, utilizando o dinamômetro Jamar®, identificando os aspectos relacionados à validade, confiabilidade, precisão, posição para realização do teste, posição da alça, instruções, número de medidas, período de descanso entre as tentativas, duração do tempo de contração, aquecimento pré-teste. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento para compor uma base de dados de diferentes modalidades olímpicas: coletivas e individuais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrônica da literatura utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, sendo utilizados os seguintes descritores: força de preensão manual, dinamometria manual e, em inglês, hand, grip, strength, dynamometer, Jamar, norms e reference values. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores de força de preensão manual apresentados pelos atletas diferem de acordo com a modalidade, sexo, peso corporal, nível do atleta, idade e tipo de treinamento. A força de preensão manual deve estar presente nas baterias de testes para identificação de possíveis talentos esportivos. INTRODUCTION: There are different sports that use the hand as a major body segment involved in performance: judo, tennis, sailing, rowing, boxing, weightlifting and others. Handgrip strength is required in sports where the level of force generated can be the difference in the final performance. Manual dynamometry is a valuable tool that can be used in the detection of sporting talents, training control and in the assessment of injury recovery. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to review the main methodological aspects involved in the measurement of hand grip strength, using the JamarTM dynamometer and identifying the features of validity, reliability, precision, position for doing the test, handle position, instructions, number of measures, rest period between attempts, duration of contraction, and pre-test heating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search of the literature available on the area was carried out, using the databases of MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS. The keywords used were: handgrip strength, manual dynomometry, hand, grip, strength, dynamometer, Jamar, norms and reference values. CONCLUSION: The values of handgrip strength displayed by the athletes differ according to sport, sex, body weight, level of the athlete, age and type of training. Handgrip strength should be present in the batteries of tests to identify potential sporting talents.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o nível de conhecimento e hábitos de hidratação de atletas de futebol da categoria de base. Foram avaliados 216 atletas do sexo masculino, com idade média de 18± 0,9 anos, pertencentes a clubes da primeira e da segunda divisão de quatro Estados brasileiros, possuindo em média 8,7 ±2,6 anos de prática na modalidade. A metodologia empregada foi do tipo exploratória, através de uma pesquisa descritiva, utilizando-se um questionário composto por 18 perguntas objetivas auto-administrado. Os principais resultados indicaram que 32,3% e 30,1% dos atletas em competições e treinamentos, respectivamente, não apresentam estratégia de consumo de líquidos apropriada. Um total de 1,4% e 4,6% informou que nunca hidratam em treinamento e competição, respectivamente. Quando questionados sobre a solução (água ou isotônico) consumida antes, durante e após o exercício, a água apresentou maior índice de resposta em todos os momentos. Aproximadamente, 80 atletas, se hidratam somente após a sensação de sede. Dentre as soluções ingeridas, a Coca-Cola ® aparece com 11,1% de adeptos. Somente 27,8% registram o peso corporal freqüentemente e 54,16% afirmaram não ter idéia de como deve ser realizada uma adequada hidratação. Os sintomas mais comuns apresentados pelos atletas foram câimbras (53,2%), sede intensa (37,5%) e dor de cabeça (33,8%). Esses resultados sugerem que os jogadores de futebol da categoria de base apresentam uma série de hábitos inadequados de hidratação, o que pode propiciar menor rendimento nos treinamentos e competições. The aim of this study was to investigate fluid replacement strategies of young soccer players and their level of knowledge regarding hydration management. A total of 216 males (age: 18 ± 0.9 years) playing soccer for 8.7 ± 2.6 years were studied. The participants were members of four elite and subelite Brazilian soccer clubs. An exploratory descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 18 objective questions. The main results indicated that 32.3% and 30.1% of the athletes do not have an appropriate strategy for fluid replacement during competitions and training, respectively. In addition, 1.4% and 4.6% of the subjects reported to ingest no fluids during these exercise conditions. When asked about the type of solution (water or isotonic solution) consumed before, during and after exercise, water was the main fluid ingested during these periods. Approximately 80 athletes only ingest fluids when feeling thirsty. Coca-Cola ® accounted for 11.1% of ingested fluids. Only 27.8% of the participants measure their body weight and 54.2% were unaware of the adequate strategy for fluid replacement. The most common symptoms reported by the athletes were cramps (53.2%), intense thirst (37.5%), and headache (33.8%). These results suggest that young soccer players have inappropriate fluid replacement habits, a fact that may lead to low performance during training or competition.