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1. Release dynamics of nanodiamonds created by laser-driven shock-compression of polyethylene terephthalate

Author: Ben Heuser, Armin Bergermann, Michael G. Stevenson, Divyanshu Ranjan, Zhiyu He, Julian Lütgert, Samuel Schumacher, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Adrien Descamps, Eric Galtier, Arianna E. Gleason, Dimitri Khaghani, Griffin D. Glenn, Eric F. Cunningham, Siegfried H. Glenzer, Nicholas J. Hartley, Jean-Alexis Hernandez, Oliver S. Humphries, Kento Katagiri, Hae Ja Lee, Emma E. McBride, Kohei Miyanishi, Bob Nagler, Benjamin Ofori-Okai, Norimasa Ozaki, Silvia Pandolfi, Chongbing Qu, Philipp Thomas May, Ronald Redmer, Christopher Schoenwaelder, Keiichi Sueda, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Makina Yabashi, Bratislav Lukic, Alexander Rack, Lisa M. V. Zinta, Tommaso Vinci, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Ravasio, and Dominik Kraus
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Laser-driven dynamic compression experiments of plastic materials have found surprisingly fast formation of nanodiamonds (ND) via X-ray probing. This mechanism is relevant for planetary models, but could also open efficient synthesis routes for tailored NDs. We investigate the release mechanics of compressed NDs by molecular dynamics simulation of the isotropic expansion of finite size diamond from different P-T states. Analysing the structural integrity along different release paths via molecular dynamic simulations, we found substantial disintegration rates upon shock release, increasing with the on-Hugnoiot shock temperature. We also find that recrystallization can occur after the expansion and hence during the release, depending on subsequent cooling mechanisms. Our study suggests higher ND recovery rates from off-Hugoniot states, e.g., via double-shocks, due to faster cooling. Laser-driven shock compression experiments of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) samples with in situ X-ray probing at the simulated conditions found diamond signal that persists up to 11 ns after breakout. In the diffraction pattern, we observed peak shifts, which we attribute to thermal expansion of the NDs and thus a total release of pressure, which indicates the stability of the released NDs.
Published: 2024
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2. Zr-based bulk metallic glasses equation of state under laser shock compression and spall strengths

Author: Didier Loison, Erik Brambrink, Etienne Barraud, Emilien Lescoute, Laurent Berthe, Tommaso Vinci, Alessandra Benuzzi Mounaix, Jean-Christophe Sangleboeuf, Benjamin Jodar, and Yoann Raffray
Published: 2022
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3. Hugoniot and released state of calcite above 200 GPa with implications for hypervelocity planetary impacts

Author: Yuhei Umeda, Keiya Fukui, Toshimori Sekine, Marco Guarguaglini, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Nobuki Kamimura, Kento Katagiri, Ryosuke Kodama, Takeshi Matsuoka, Kohei Miyanishi, Alessandra Ravasio, Takayoshi Sano, Norimasa Ozaki, Osaka University, Okayama University, Kyoto University, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN SPring-8 Center [Hyogo] (RIKEN RSC), and RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN)
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; Carbonate minerals, for example calcite and magnesite, exist on the planetary surfaces of the Earth, Mars, and Venus, and are subjected to hypervelocity collisions. The physical properties of planetary materials at extreme conditions are essential for understanding their dynamic behaviors at hypervelocity collisions and the mantle structure of rocky planets including Super-Earths. Here we report laboratory investigations of laser-shocked calcite at pressures of 200-960 GPa (impact velocities of 12-30 km/s and faster than escape velocity from the Earth) using decay shock techniques. Our measured temperatures above 200 GPa indicated a large difference from the previous theoretical models. The present shock Hugoniot data and temperature measurements, compared with the previous reports, indicate melting without decomposition at pressures of ~110 GPa to ~350 GPa and a bonded liquid up to 960 GPa from the calculated specific heat. Our temperature calculations of calcite at 1 atm adiabatically released from the Hugoniot points suggest that the released products vary depending on the shock pressures and affect the planetary atmosphere by the degassed species. The present results on calcite newly provide an important anchor for considering the theoretical EOS at the extreme conditions, where the model calculations show a significant diversity at present.
Published: 2022
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4. Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures

Author: J Lütgert, Hae Ja Lee, S. Brown, Peihao Sun, Tilo Döppner, Dominik Kraus, Thomas E. Cowan, Emma McBride, S. H. Glenzer, Maximilian Schörner, Luke Fletcher, Irene Prencipe, Philip Heimann, A. Laso Garcia, A. K. Schuster, A. Pelka, N. J. Hartley, Roger Falcone, Jan Vorberger, Tommaso Vinci, Alison Saunders, Melanie Rödel, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Eric Cunningham, Dirk O. Gericke, M. Schölmerich, Eric Galtier, K. Voigt, Alessandra Ravasio, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of Warwick [Coventry], University of California [Berkeley], University of California, European XFEL Gmbh, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: Diffraction, Equation of state, Materials science, Science, Ab initio, Thermodynamics, Bioengineering, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Molecular dynamics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Polyethylene terephthalate, Planetary science, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Pyrometer, Theory and computation, Laboratory astrophysics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Laser-produced plasmas, Shock (mechanics), chemistry, Medicine, Density functional theory
Abstract: We present structure and equation of state (EOS) measurements of biaxially orientated polyethylene terephthalate (PET, $$({\hbox {C}}_{10} {\hbox {H}}_8 {\hbox {O}}_4)_n$$ ( C 10 H 8 O 4 ) n , also called mylar) shock-compressed to ($$155 \pm 20$$ 155 ± 20 ) GPa and ($$6000 \pm 1000$$ 6000 ± 1000 ) K using in situ X-ray diffraction, Doppler velocimetry, and optical pyrometry. Comparing to density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations, we find a highly correlated liquid at conditions differing from predictions by some equations of state tables, which underlines the influence of complex chemical interactions in this regime. EOS calculations from ab initio DFT-MD simulations and shock Hugoniot measurements of density, pressure and temperature confirm the discrepancy to these tables and present an experimentally benchmarked correction to the description of PET as an exemplary material to represent the mixture of light elements at planetary interior conditions.
Published: 2021
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5. Exploring the deep interior of ice giants with shock-compression experiments and ab initio simulations: The case of metallic ammonia

Author: Alessandra Ravasio, Frédéric Datchi, Sandra Ninet, Frederic Lefevre, Martin French, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Tommaso Vinci, M. Guarguaglini, Jean-Alexis Hernandez, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, and Ronald Redmer
Subjects: Metal, Ammonia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, chemistry, visual_art, Ab initio, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Compression (physics), Molecular physics, Ice giant, Shock (mechanics)
Abstract: Ammonia is predicted to be one of the major components in the depths of the ice giant planets Uranus and Neptune. Their dynamics, evolution, and interior structure are insufficiently understood and models rely imperatively on data for equation of state and transport properties [1,2]. Despite its great significance, the experimentally accessed region of the ammonia phase diagram today is still very limited in pressure and temperature [3, 4].We investigate the equation of state, the optical properties and the electrical conductivity of warm dense ammonia by combining laser-driven shock experiments and state-of-the-art density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations [5]. The equation of state is probed along the Hugoniot of liquid NH3 up to 350 GPa and 40000 K and in very good agreement with earlier DFT-MD results [6]. Our temperature measurements show a subtle slope change at 7000 K and 90 GPa, which coincides with the gradual transition from a liquid dominated by molecules to a plasma state in our new ab initio simulations. The reflectivity data furnish the first experimental evidence of electronic conduction in high pressure ammonia and are in excellent agreement with the reflectivity computed from atomistic simulations. Corresponding electrical conductivity values are found up to one order of magnitude higher than in water in the 100 GPa regime, with possible implications on the generation of magnetic dynamos in large icy planets’ interiors. [1] Scheibe, Nettelmann, Redmer, Astronomy & Astrophysics 632, A70 (2019).[2] Vazan & Helled, Astronomy & Astrophysics 633, A50 (2020).[3] Nellis, Hamilton, Holmes, Radousky, Ree, Mitchell, Nicol, Science 240, 779 (1988).[4] Radousky, Mitchell, Nellis, Journal of Chemical Physics 93, 8235 (1990).[5] Ravasio, Bethkenhagen, Hernandez, Benuzzi-Mounaix, Datchi, French, Guarguaglini, Lefevre, Ninet, Redmer, Vinci, Physical Review Letters 126, 025003 (2021).[6] Bethkenhagen, French, Redmer, Journal of Chemical Physics 138, 234504 (2013).
Published: 2021
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6. Electrical conductivity of warm dense silica from double-shock experiments

Author: Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Erik Brambrink, J.-A. Hernandez, Tommaso Vinci, M. Guarguaglini, Alessandra Ravasio, François Soubiran, R. Bolis, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oslo (UiO), ANR POMPEI (Grant No. ANR-16-CE31-0008), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016)
Subjects: Equation of state, Materials science, Electronic properties and materials, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Physics::Geophysics, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Range (particle radiation), Fusion, Multidisciplinary, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Laser-produced plasmas, Shock (mechanics), Planetary science, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, Terrestrial planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Dynamo
Abstract: Understanding materials behaviour under extreme thermodynamic conditions is fundamental in many branches of science, including High-Energy-Density physics, fusion research, material and planetary science. Silica (SiO2) is of primary importance as a key component of rocky planets’ mantles. Dynamic compression is the most promising approach to explore molten silicates under extreme conditions. Although most experimental studies are restricted to the Hugoniot curve, a wider range of conditions must be reached to distill temperature and pressure effects. Here we present direct measurements of equation of state and two-colour reflectivity of double-shocked α-quartz on a large ensemble of thermodynamic conditions, which were until now unexplored. Combining experimental reflectivity data with numerical simulations we determine the electrical conductivity. The latter is almost constant with pressure while highly dependent on temperature, which is consistent with simulations results. Based on our findings, we conclude that dynamo processes are likely in Super-Earths’ mantles., Warm dense silica is a key component in rocky planets’ mantles, but reproducing the relevant conditions in experiments is challenging. Here the authors use a double-shock technique to achieve such conditions and measure the reflectivity in situ, providing insight into the conductivity and its possible impact on dynamo processes in super-Earths’ mantles.
Published: 2021
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7. Metallization of Shock-Compressed Liquid Ammonia

Author: M. Guarguaglini, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Ronald Redmer, F. Lefevre, Alessandra Ravasio, Tommaso Vinci, Martin French, Frédéric Datchi, S. Ninet, J.-A. Hernandez, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Rostock, University of Oslo (UiO), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR POMPEI (Grant No. ANR-16-CE31-0008)ANR SUPER-ICES (Grant No. ANR-15-CE30-008-01), ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Equation of state, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Shock (fluid dynamics), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Compressed fluid, Uranus, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Thermal conduction, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, 3. Good health, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics - Chemical Physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Order of magnitude, Ice giant, Phase diagram, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Ammonia is predicted to be one of the major components in the depths of the ice giant planets Uranus and Neptune. Their dynamics, evolution, and interior structure are insufficiently understood and models rely imperatively on data for equation of state and transport properties. Despite its great significance, the experimentally accessed region of the ammonia phase diagram today is still very limited in pressure and temperature. Here we push the probed regime to unprecedented conditions, up to $\sim$350 GPa and $\sim$40000 K. Along the Hugoniot, the temperature measured as a function of pressure shows a subtle change in slope at $\sim$7000 K and $\sim$90 GPa, in agreement with ab initio simulations we have performed. This feature coincides with the gradual transition from a molecular liquid to a plasma state. Additionally, we performed reflectivity measurements, providing the first experimental evidence of electronic conduction in high-pressure ammonia. Shock reflectance continuously rises with pressure above 50 GPa and reaches saturation values above 120 GPa. Corresponding electrical conductivity values are up to 1 order of magnitude higher than in water in the 100 GPa regime, with possible significant contributions of the predicted ammonia-rich layers to the generation of magnetic dynamos in ice giant interiors., Please visit publisher's website for supplementary information
Published: 2021
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8. Exploring the deep interior of ice giants with shock-compressionexperiments and ab initio simulations:The case of metallic ammonia

Author: Frederic Lefevre, Alessandra Ravasio, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Sandra Ninet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Tommaso Vinci, Frédéric Datchi, M. Guarguaglini, Ronald Redmer, Jean-Alexis Hernandez, and Martin French
Subjects: Metal, Ammonia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, chemistry, visual_art, Ab initio, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Molecular physics, Ice giant, Shock (mechanics)
Published: 2021
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9. Shock response and degassing reactions of calcite at planetary impact conditions

Author: Takeshi Matsuoka, M. Guarguaglini, Alessandra Ravasio, Ryosuke Kodama, Keiya Fukui, Norimasa Ozaki, Kohei Miyanishi, Nobuki Kamimura, Kento Katagiri, Takayoshi Sano, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Yuhei Umeda, and Toshimori Sekine
Subjects: Calcite, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, chemistry, Shock response spectrum, Mineralogy
Abstract: Calcite (CaCO3) as a planetary material is a source to the atmospheric carbon dioxide through degassing by high-velocity impact events. Revealing the behavior of calcite in the extreme pressure and temperature conditions is required to understand the impact-induced degassing phenomena. Here we report laboratory investigations of shock- compressed calcite beyond the impact velocity of 12 km/s (faster than escape velocity from the Earth). The present precise shock measurements elucidate the shape of the calcite Hugoniot curve continuously passing through the melting and metallization states up to a pressure of 1000 GPa (= 10-million atmospheres) or a corresponding impact velocity of 30 km/s, allowing us to predict the post-shock residual temperatures and the dominant carbon oxide species in the impact aftermath. These predictions suggest that CO emission is much more dominant than CO2 at the impact velocities of ∼10 km/s and above, affecting the planetary atmospheric chemistry, greenhouse processes, and environmental changes during planetary evolution.
Published: 2020
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10. In situ X-ray diffraction of silicate liquids and glasses under dynamic and static compression to megabar pressures

Author: A. E. Gleason, Eric Galtier, Bob Nagler, R. Bolis, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Wendy L. Mao, Siegfried Glenzer, Alessandra Ravasio, A. K. Schuster, Guillaume Fiquet, Gaston Garbarino, Hae Ja Lee, J.-A. Hernandez, Guillaume Morard, M. Guarguaglini, Mohamed Mezouar, Tommaso Vinci, Denis Andrault, Byeongkwan Ko, M. A. Baron, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Roberto Alonso-Mori, Sang Heon Shim, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Stanford University [Stanford], SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Oslo (UiO), Stanford University, Department of Geological Sciences [Stanford] (GS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR POMPEI (Grant No. ANR-16-CE31-0008), European Project: 670787,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,PLANETDIVE(2016), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC)
Subjects: Diffraction, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Thermodynamics, Atmospheric temperature range, 01 natural sciences, Silicate, Diamond anvil cell, Mantle (geology), Amorphous solid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, X-ray crystallography, Core–mantle boundary, Physical Sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Properties of liquid silicates under high pressure and high temperature conditions are critical for modeling the dynamics and solidification mechanisms of the magma ocean in the early Earth, as well as for constraining entrainment of melts in the mantle and in the present-day core-mantle boundary. Here, we present in situ structural measurements by X-ray diffraction of selected amorphous silicates compressed statically in diamond anvil cells (up to 157 GPa at room temperature) or dynamically by laser-generated shock compression (up to 130 GPa and 6000 K along the MgSiO3 glass Hugoniot). The X-ray diffraction patterns of silicate glasses and liquids reveal similar characteristics over a wide pressure and temperature range. Beyond the increase in Si coordination observed at 20 GPa, we find no evidence for major structural changes occurring in the silicate melts studied up to pressures and temperatures exceeding Earth's core mantle boundary conditions. This result is supported by molecular dynamics calculations. Our findings reinforce the widely-used assumption that the silicate glasses studies are appropriate structural analogs for understanding the atomic arrangement of silicate liquids at these high pressures.
Published: 2020
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11. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy study of warm dense MgO

Author: Stephane Mazevet, N. J. Hartley, R. Bolis, Fabien Dorchies, Alessandra Ravasio, V. Recoules, F. Remus, Erik Brambrink, M. Guarguaglini, Tommaso Vinci, François Guyot, Norimasa Ozaki, J. Bouchet, N. Jourdain, R. Musella, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, J.-A. Hernandez, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Osaka University [Osaka], Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Graduate School of Engineering Science [Osaka], Osaka University, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering Science, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Shock wave, Metallization process, Band gap, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Spectral line, Shock waves, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phase diagram, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], High-density liquid, Lasers, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, XANES, Laser plasma interactions, Phase transitions, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; We report time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) measurements of warm dense MgO. We used a high power nanosecond pulse to drive a strong uniform shock wave into an MgO sample, and a picosecond pulse to generate a broadband X-ray source near the Mg K-edge. We used this setup to obtain XANES spectra across a large area of the phase diagram, with densities up to 6.8 g/cc and temperatures up to 30 000 K, conditions at which no prior investigations of electronic and ionic structure exist. Our XANES results, together with quantum molecular dynamic simulations, demonstrate that the sample metallizes due to the bandgap closure as it melts, after which it shows typical behavior for a disordered ionic liquid. Published under license by AIP Publishing. https://doi.
Published: 2019
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12. Characterizing equation of state and optical properties of dynamically pre-compressed materials

Author: M. Guarguaglini, Tommaso Vinci, Jean-Alexis Hernandez, Alessandra Ravasio, R. Bolis, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Erik Brambrink, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016)
Subjects: Equation of state, Materials science, Thermodynamic state, FOS: Physical sciences, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, Compression (physics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Measure (mathematics), Physics - Plasma Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, law.invention, Shock (mechanics), Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, 13. Climate action, law, Planet, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pyrometer
Abstract: Characterising materials at pressures of several megabar and temperatures of a few thousand Kelvin is critical for the understanding of the Warm Dense Matter regime and to improve planetary models as these conditions are typical of planets' interiors. Today, laser-driven shock compression is the only technique to achieve multimegabar pressures, but the associated temperatures are too high to be representative of planetary states. Double-shock compression represents an alternative to explore lower temperatures. Here we present a method to create well-controlled double-shocked states and measure their thermodynamic state and optical reflectivity using standard optical diagnostics (Doppler velocimetry and optical pyrometry) in a laser-driven shock experiment. This method, which does not require the support of hydrodynamical simulations, is based on the application of generalised Rankine-Hugoniot relations together with a self impedance mismatch technique. A validation experiment has been performed at the LULI2000 facility (\'Ecole Polytechnique, France) on a sample of $\alpha$-quartz. A temperature $60 \%$ lower than along the principal Hugoniot has been obtained at 7.5 Mbar., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2019
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13. Ab initio calculations of the B1-B2 phase transition in MgO

Author: F. Remus, J. Bouchet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, V. Recoules, Guillaume Morard, R. Bolis, François Bottin, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-12-BS04-0015,PlanetLab,Propriètés des planètes et des exoplanètes en laboratoire(2012)
Subjects: Phase transition, Phase boundary, Thermal properties, Materials science, Shock (fluid dynamics), Lattice dynamics, Anharmonicity, Ab initio, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, First-principles calculations, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Molecular dynamics, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Phase diagrams, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Thermoelasticity
Abstract: International audience; We present an ab initio study of MgO at high temperature and pressure, around the phase transition between the B1 and B2 phases. By means of ab initio molecular dynamic calculations, the thermal evolution of vibrational properties and thermodynamic quantities are obtained. We carefully compare our results with previous theoretical works on the phase transition curve and we analyse the differences among them. We show that anharmonic effects have been underestimated in the quasiharmonic approximation and that their inclusion in the free energy strongly straighten up the transition curve. Then we use our B1-B2 phase boundary and our calculated Hugoniot to analyze recent decaying shock experiments on MgO. We also provide important thermodynamic quantities as the Grüneisen parameter and sound velocities and we discussed their temperature dependence.
Published: 2019
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14. Decaying shock studies of phase transitions in MgO-SiO2 systems: Implications for the super-Earths' interiors

Author: Toshimori Sekine, Guillaume Morard, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Yoichi Sakawa, F. Remus, Norimasa Ozaki, J. Bouchet, Tommaso Vinci, M. Guarguaglini, M. Koenig, E. Bambrink, R. Kodama, R. Bolis, François Guyot, Alessandra Ravasio, K. Miyanishi, R. Musella, and Tomokazu Sano
Subjects: Phase transition, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Shock (fluid dynamics), Analytical chemistry, Forsterite, engineering.material, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Geophysics, law, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Enstatite, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Periclase, 010306 general physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phase diagram
Abstract: We report an experimental study of the phase diagrams of periclase (MgO), enstatite (MgSiO3) and forsterite (Mg2SiO4) at high pressures. We investigated with laser driven decaying shocks the pressure/temperature curves of MgO, MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4 between 0.2-1.2 TPa, 0.12-0.5 TPa and 0.2-0.85 TPa respectively. A melting signature has been observed in MgO at 0.47 TPa and 9860 K, while no phase changes were observed neither in MgSiO3 nor in Mg2SiO4. An increasing of reflectivity of MgO, MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4 liquids have been detected at 0.55 TPa -12 760 K, 0.15 TPa 7540 K, 0.2 TPa 5800 K, respectively. In contrast to SiO2, melting and metallization of these compounds do not coincide implying the presence of poor electrically conducting liquids close to the melting lines. This has important implications for the generation of dynamos in Super-earths mantles.
Published: 2016
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15. X-ray powder diffraction in reflection geometry on multi-beam kJ-type laser facilities

Author: A. Berlioux, Alessandra Ravasio, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, L. Duthoit, Tommaso Vinci, Stephanie Brygoo, Laurent Videau, Didier Loison, A. Denoeud, J.-A. Hernandez, M. Guarguaglini, Arnaud Sollier, Erik Brambrink, F. Lefevre, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-16-CE31-0008Norges Forskningsråd: 223272, ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffraction, Atoms, Materials science, Thermodynamic conditions, X-ray detector, Geometry, 01 natural sciences, Plasma diagnostics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation, Ultrafast lasers, Pyrometer, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Pressure and temperature, X ray powder diffraction, business.industry, X ray lasers, Reflection geometry, X ray detectors, Structural measurements, Velocimetry, Laser, Beam plasma interactions, X-ray crystallography, Polycrystalline iron, Laser produced plasmas, business, Diffraction signals, Laser-plasma interactions, Powder diffraction, Laser beams, Transmission geometries
Abstract: International audience; An ultrafast x-ray powder diffraction setup for laser-driven dynamic compression has been developed at the LULI2000 laser facility. X-ray diffraction is performed in reflection geometry from a quasi-monochromatic laser-generated plasma x-ray source. In comparison to a transmission geometry setup, this configuration allows us to probe only a small portion of the compressed sample, as well as to shield the detectors against the x-rays generated by the laser-plasma interaction on the front side of the target. Thus, this new platform facilitates probing of spatially and temporarily uniform thermodynamic conditions and enables us to study samples of a large range of atomic numbers, thicknesses, and compression dynamics. As a proof-of-concept, we report direct structural measurements of the bcc-hcp transition both in shock and ramp-compressed polycrystalline iron with diffraction signals recorded between 2θ ∼30° and ∼150°. In parallel, the pressure and temperature history of probed samples is measured by rear-side visible diagnostics (velocimetry and pyrometry).
Published: 2021
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16. Laser-driven shock compression of 'synthetic planetary mixtures' of water, ethanol, and ammonia

Author: Ryosuke Kodama, Alessandra Ravasio, J.-A. Hernandez, Norimasa Ozaki, Kohei Miyanishi, M. Koenig, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Martin French, Takayoshi Sano, Erik Brambrink, Yasunori Fujimoto, R. Bolis, Yuhei Umeda, F. Lefevre, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Takuo Okuchi, P. Barroso, Tommaso Vinci, Ronald Redmer, M. Guarguaglini, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Okayama University, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik [Rostock], Osaka University [Osaka], ANR POMPEI (Grant No. ANR-16-CE31-0008), and ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Materials science, Thermodynamic state, Chemical physics, Science, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neptune, Planet, Giant planets, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Adiabatic process, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Exoplanets, Uranus, Laser-produced plasmas, Computational physics, Shock (mechanics), Boundary layer, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Medicine, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Ice giant
Abstract: Water, methane, and ammonia are commonly considered to be the key components of the interiors of Uranus and Neptune. Modelling the planets’ internal structure, evolution, and dynamo heavily relies on the properties of the complex mixtures with uncertain exact composition in their deep interiors. Therefore, characterising icy mixtures with varying composition at planetary conditions of several hundred gigapascal and a few thousand Kelvin is crucial to improve our understanding of the ice giants. In this work, pure water, a water-ethanol mixture, and a water-ethanol-ammonia “synthetic planetary mixture” (SPM) have been compressed through laser-driven decaying shocks along their principal Hugoniot curves up to 270, 280, and 260 GPa, respectively. Measured temperatures spanned from 4000 to 25000 K, just above the coldest predicted adiabatic Uranus and Neptune profiles (3000–4000 K) but more similar to those predicted by more recent models including a thermal boundary layer (7000–14000 K). The experiments were performed at the GEKKO XII and LULI2000 laser facilities using standard optical diagnostics (Doppler velocimetry and optical pyrometry) to measure the thermodynamic state and the shock-front reflectivity at two different wavelengths. The results show that water and the mixtures undergo a similar compression path under single shock loading in agreement with Density Functional Theory Molecular Dynamics (DFT-MD) calculations using the Linear Mixing Approximation (LMA). On the contrary, their shock-front reflectivities behave differently by what concerns both the onset pressures and the saturation values, with possible impact on planetary dynamos.
Published: 2019
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17. Production and Diagnostics of Dense Matter

Author: Erik Brambrink, N. Amadou, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Tommaso Vinci, M. Harmand, Michel Koenig, Matthias Geissel, and A. Pelka
Subjects: Physics, Phase transition, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Compression (physics), law.invention, Computational physics, law, Planet, Relaxation (physics), Statistical physics, Material properties, Dense matter
Abstract: High energy lasers are a unique tool to create high pressure states above 10 Mbar at ns time scales, which allow to study material properties under these extreme conditions. These conditions are, for example, comparable with planetary cores, where material properties play an important role for the properties and evolution of a planet. The rapid compression allows also to study dynamic effects of phase transitions as compression times are comparable to relaxation times. We will present recent results of laser compression of iron reaching conditions of so called “super-Earth” cores. A description of the compression schemes as well as present and future diagnostics is presented. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Published: 2015
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18. Dynamic X-ray diffraction observation of shocked solid iron up to 170 GPa

Author: Yoshihiko Kondo, Yuichi Inubushi, Guillaume Morard, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Norimasa Ozaki, Gianluca Gregori, Jean-Michel Boudenne, David Riley, A. Denoeud, Ryosuke Kodama, Alessandra Ravasio, Takayoshi Sano, M. Makita, Hiroyuki Uranishi, Erik Brambrink, Maimouna Bocoum, François Guyot, Youichi Sakawa, Michel Koenig, Marion Harmand, Stephane Mazevet, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffraction, Iron Phase Diagram, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Analytical chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Earth Core, 010306 general physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phase diagram, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Velocimetry, Magnetic field, Crystallography, Volume (thermodynamics), 13. Climate action, X-ray crystallography, Physical Sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Terrestrial planet, Crystallite, laser compression
Abstract: International audience; Investigation of the iron phase diagram under high pressure and temperature is crucial for the determination of the composition of the cores of rocky planets and for better understanding the generation of planetary magnetic fields. Here we present X-ray diffraction results from laser-driven shock-compressed single-crystal and polycrystalline iron, indicating the presence of solid hexagonal close-packed iron up to pressure of at least 170 GPa along the principal Hugoniot, corresponding to a temperature of 4,150 K. This is confirmed by the agreement between the pressure obtained from the measurement of the iron volume in the sample and the inferred shock strength from velocimetry deductions. Results presented in this study are of the first importance regarding pure Fe phase diagram probed under dynamic compression and can be applied to study conditions that are relevant to Earth and super-Earth cores.
Published: 2016
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19. Probing local and electronic structure in Warm Dense Matter: single pulse synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy on shocked Fe

Author: Jon Headspith, Laurent Videau, Paul Loubeyre, Arnaud Sollier, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Florent Occelli, William Helsby, R. Torchio, Olivier Mathon, S. N. Bland, Daniel E. Eakins, Tommaso Vinci, Emilien Lescoute, David J. Chapman, Sakura Pascarelli, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Daresbury Lab, SERC, Daresbury Lab., Imperial College London, and AWE Plc
Subjects: Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, PHASE, 02 engineering and technology, Electronic structure, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, PHYSICS, RATIO, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), [PHYS]Physics [physics], X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, IRON, ELASTICITY, INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION, Warm dense matter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Synchrotron, Computational physics, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Amplitude, Science & Technology - Other Topics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Understanding Warm Dense Matter (WDM), the state of planetary interiors, is a new frontier in scientific research. There exists very little experimental data probing WDM states at the atomic level to test current models and those performed up to now are limited in quality. Here, we report a proof-of-principle experiment that makes microscopic investigations of materials under dynamic compression easily accessible to users and with data quality close to that achievable at ambient. Using a single 100 ps synchrotron x-ray pulse, we have measured, by K-edge absorption spectroscopy, ns-lived equilibrium states of WDM Fe. Structural and electronic changes in Fe are clearly observed for the first time at such extreme conditions. The amplitude of the EXAFS oscillations persists up to 500 GPa and 17000 K, suggesting an enduring local order. Moreover, a discrepancy exists with respect to theoretical calculations in the value of the energy shift of the absorption onset and so this comparison should help to refine the approximations used in models.
Published: 2016
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20. Simulating earth core using high energy lasers

Author: A. Nourou, Tommaso Vinci, M. Koenig, François Guyot, Alessandra Ravasio, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, F. Occelli, Huigang Wei, Stephane Mazevet, E. Lescoute, Erik Brambrink, Guillaume Morard, T. de Rességuier, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Equation of state, Materials science, Laser plasmas, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Aluminium, law, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Shocks, Radiation, Isentropic process, Inner core, Time evolution, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Geophysics, chemistry, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The melting curve and equation of state of iron and iron alloys at the inner core boundary (330 GPa, about 5000 K) are still unknown. This severally limits current modelling of earth constitution and dynamics. In this paper, recent numerical and experimental studies performed using laser generated isentropic ramp compression on iron and aluminium samples are presented. On the experimental side, direct laser ramp compression was achieved on iron. Time-resolved measurements were compared to hydrodynamic computations accounting for the polymorphic phase transformations. Before studying iron that presents a solid-solid phase transition along the isentropic path, we studied the time evolution of the atomic structure of aluminium using molecular dynamics simulations at the same length and time scales as the experiment. Like many metals, aluminium presents an elasto-plastic phase transition and we studied, using this microscopic approach, the effect of plasticity on the backward integration technique used to extract equation of state information from the experimental VISAR signal.
Published: 2010
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21. Highly efficient, easily spectrally tunable X-ray backlighting for the study of extreme matter states

Author: F. Perez, L.E. Gloahec, Norimasa Ozaki, M. Rabec, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Berenice Loupias, Yefim Aglitskiy, M. Koenig, A. Ya. Faenov, and T. A. Pikuz
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Bent molecular geometry, Backlight, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computer Science::Other, Shock (mechanics), Luminosity, Crystal, Optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Image resolution, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: An improved high luminosity, easily spectrally tunable backlighting scheme based on a spherically bent crystal is considered in this paper. Contrary to the traditional backlighting scheme, we used crystal far from normal incidence, and the backlighter source was inside the Rowland circle. With the presented configuration, we obtained a spatial resolution up to 8 µm in the desired direction with an X-ray backlighting energy close to 5 keV. Detailed discussions and ray-tracing calculations show that with this convenient scheme resolution down to 5 µm can be achieved. A dedicated application to high energy density physics is presented: the radiography of shock compressed matter.
Published: 2009
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22. Modeling of laser-driven proton radiography of dense matter

Author: T. R. Boehly, Kate Lancaster, Lorenzo Romagnani, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Marco Borghesi, A. J. Mackinnon, Peter Norreys, M. Koenig, Sebastien LePape, Satyabrata Kar, Damien Hicks, P. K. Patel, and P. Audebert
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Proton, Scattering, Monte Carlo method, Warm dense matter, Laser, law.invention, Computational physics, Nuclear physics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Particle, Inertial confinement fusion
Abstract: Laser-driven MeV proton beams are highly suitable for quantitative diagnosis of density profiles in dense matter by employing them as a particle probe in a point-projection imaging scheme. Via differential scattering and stopping, the technique allows to detect density modulations in dense compressed matter with intrinsic high spatial and temporal resolutions. The technique offers a viable alternative/complementary route to more established radiographic methods. A Monte-Carlo simulation package, MPRM, has been developed in order to quantify the density profile of the probed object from the experimentally obtained proton radiographs. A discussion of recent progress in this area is presented on the basis of analysis of experimental data, which has been supported by MPRM simulation. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2008
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23. High-pressure structural changes in liquid silica

Author: A. Denoeud, Jérôme Gaudin, François Guyot, Stephane Mazevet, Fabien Dorchies, Erik Brambrink, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Ravasio, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Silicon, Coordination number, Ab initio, chemistry.chemical_element, Warm dense matter, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, Absorption (logic), [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The structural properties of liquid silica at high pressure and moderate temperature conditions, also referred to as the warm dense matter regime, were investigated using time-resolved $K$-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. We used a nanosecond laser beam to compress uniformly a solid $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ target and a picosecond laser beam to generate a broadband x-ray source. We obtained x-ray absorption spectra at the Si $K$ edge over a large pressure-temperature domain to probe the liquid phase up to 3.6 times the normal solid density. Using ab initio simulations, we are able to interpret the changes in the x-ray absorption near-edge structure with increasing densities as an increase in the coordination number of silicon by oxygen atoms from 4 to 9. This indicates that, up to significant temperatures, the liquid structure becomes akin to what is found in the solid $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ phases.
Published: 2016
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24. Relativistic electron transport and confinement within charge-insulated, mass-limited targets

Author: Dimitri Batani, Julien Fuchs, Berenice Loupias, Christophe Rousseaux, P. Guillou, Yefim Aglitskiy, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessio Morace, Laurent Gremillet, Michel Koenig, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, and Sophie Baton
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Deposition (phase transition), Charge (physics), Electron, Atomic physics, Warm dense matter, Spectroscopy, Space charge, Electron transport chain, Laser beams
Abstract: We present experimental results on the interaction of short-pulse ultra-high-intensity laser beams with small size (“mass-limited”) targets. Several diagnostics (X-ray spectroscopy, Kα and optical imaging of target rear side) have been simultaneously used in order to characterize the laser-generated fast electron transport and energy deposition into the target material. Our results show that fast electrons are effectively confined inside the target by the induced space charge. This electrostatic confinement opens new opportunities to create “Warm Dense Matter” states characterized by solid-state density and temperatures of the order of a few tens of eV.
Published: 2007
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25. Melting and metallization of silica in the cores of gas giants, ice giants, and super Earths

Author: Taku Tsuchiya, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, François Guyot, Takashi Taniuchi, St 'ephane Mazevet, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Gas giant, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Exoplanet, Silicate, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Density functional theory, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Earth (classical element), Ice giant, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The physical state and properties of silicates at conditions encountered in the cores of gas giants, ice giants and of Earth like exoplanets now discovered with masses up to several times the mass of the Earth remains mostly unknown. Here, we report on theoretical predictions of the properties of silica, SiO$_2$, up to 4 TPa and about 20,000K using first principle molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory. For conditions found in the Super-Earths and in ice giants, we show that silica remains a poor electrical conductor up to 10 Mbar due to an increase in the Si-O coordination with pressure. For Jupiter and Saturn cores, we find that MgSiO$_3$ silicate has not only dissociated into MgO and SiO$_2$, as shown in previous studies, but that these two phases have likely differentiated to lead to a core made of liquid SiO$_2$ and solid (Mg,Fe)O., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2015
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26. Probing iron at Super-Earth core conditions

Author: Norimasa Ozaki, Stephane Mazevet, D. Raffestin, Guillaume Morard, N. Amadou, Michel Koenig, T. de Rességuier, Ryosuke Kodama, Tommaso Vinci, Erik Brambrink, T. R. Boehly, Olivier Henry, François Guyot, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Stephanie Brygoo, Kohei Miyanishi, G. Huser, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), CEA, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering [Suita, Osaka], Osaka University [Osaka], Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), University of Rochester [USA], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Graduate School of Engineering [Osaka]
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Super-Earth, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Core (optical fiber), 13. Climate action, law, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In this paper, we report on the quasi-isentropic compression of an iron sample using ramp shaped laser irradiation. This technique allows us to quasi-isentropically compress iron up to 700 GPa and 8500 K. To our knowledge, these data are the highest pressures reached on iron in off-Hugoniot conditions and the closest to the thermodynamic states thought to exist in Earth-like planetary cores. The experiment was performed on the Ligne d'Integration laser facility at CESTA, Bordeaux, France.
Published: 2015
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27. Density Measurements of Shock Compressed Matter Using Short Pulse Laser Diagnostics

Author: Damien Hicks, C. A. Cecchetti, M. M. Notley, Norimasa Ozaki, H. S. Park, Dimitri Batani, R. Dezulian, Alessandra Ravasio, A. Mckinnon, Angelo Schiavi, E. A. Henry, T. R. Boehly, Sebastien LePape, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, P. K. Patel, Marco Borghesi, S. Bandyopadhyay, Berenice Loupias, R. Clark, and M. Koenig
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, Proton, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, driven shock, equation-of-state, laser plasmas, radiography, shocks, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Shock (mechanics), Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Optics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Molybdenum, Aluminium, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Beam (structure), FOIL method
Abstract: In this paper, experimental results on X-ray and proton radiography of shock compressed matter are presented. It has been performed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) using three long pulse beams to generate a shock wave in a multi-layer foil and a short pulse beam to create either an X-ray or protons source for a transverse radiography. Depending on the probe material (aluminium or carbon foam) a Molybdenum Kα source or a proton beam are used. Density data of the shocked aluminium, in the multimagabar regime are presented.
Published: 2006
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28. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Radiative Shocks

Author: G. Herpe, Stefano Atzeni, Serge Bouquet, L. Boireau, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, N. Osaki, Berenice Loupias, Tommaso Vinci, C. Michaut, Emeric Falize, M. Koenig, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Dipartemento di Energetica, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza and INFM
Subjects: Physics, high-power laser, hydrodynamics, plasma, radiation transfer, radiative shock, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Plasma, Cosmology, Accretion (astrophysics), Interstellar medium, Stars, Supernova, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Space and Planetary Science, Radiative transfer, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; This paper deals with the radiative shock from both theoretical and numerical points of view. It is based on the whole experimental results obtained at Laboratoire d'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI, École Polytechnique). Radiative shocks are high-Mach number shocks with a strong coupling between radiation and hydrodynamics which leads to a structure governed by a radiative precursor. These shocks are involved in various astrophysical systems: stellar accretion shocks, pulsating stars, interaction between supernovae and the interstellar medium. In laboratory, these radiative shocks are generated using high power lasers. New diagnostics have been implemented to study the geometrical shape of the shock and the front shock density. Data were obtained varying initial conditions for different laser intensities and temperature. The modeling of these phenomena is mainly performed through numerical simulations (1D and 2D) and analytical studies. We exhibit results obtained from several radiative hydrodynamics codes. As a result, it is possible to discuss about the influence of the geometry and physical parameters introduced in the 1D and 2D models.
Published: 2006
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29. Laser-driven shock waves for the study of extreme matter states

Author: Alessandra Ravasio, Angelo Schiavi, T. R. Boehly, T. A. Pikuz, Tommaso Vinci, Dimitri Batani, C. A. Cecchetti, Serge Bouquet, Stefano Atzeni, G. Huser, Marco Borghesi, S. Le Pape, P. K. Patel, M. M. Notley, Norimasa Ozaki, Yefim Aglitskiy, Damien Hicks, E. A. Henry, H. S. Park, R. Dezulian, A. J. Mackinnon, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, M. Koenig, C. Michaut, R. Clark, A. Y. Faenov, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, S Bandyopadhyay, K. A. Tanaka, Berenice Loupias, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Queen's University, Central Laser Facility Rutherford, Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire, Dipartimento di Energetica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and CNISM, Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Center, VNIIFRTI, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, Measure (physics), Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Shock (mechanics), law.invention, Computational physics, Nuclear physics, Planetary science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Energy density, State of matter, Radiative transfer, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; During the last ten years, the ability of high power lasers to generate high energy density shocks has made them a reliable tool to study extreme states of matter. These states of matter are relevant in many important physics areas such as astrophysics, planetology and ICF physics. Here, we present some representative studies performed by using a driven laser shock: melting of iron at pressures relevant for geophysics, developments of new techniques to measure the density of highly compressed matter and a study of a radiative shock.
Published: 2006
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30. Laser-driven flyer impact experiments at the LULI 2000 laser facility

Author: Alessandra Ravasio, Keiji Nagai, Norimasa Ozaki, M. Koenig, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, M. Esposito, G. Huser, Tommaso Vinci, K. A. Tanaka, S. Lepape, Masatake Yoshida, Wigen Nazarov, and E. Henry
Subjects: Shock wave, Fused quartz, Materials science, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser, law.invention, Transverse plane, Optics, law, Shadowgraph, business, Electrical conductor, FOIL method
Abstract: New laser-driven flyer impact experiments have been performed at the LULI laboratory. In these experiments, three types of targets (single Al flyer, multi-layered, and foam-buffered high-Z metal) were used. Impacted conditions in fused quartz were measured with rear-side (two VISARs and SOP) and transverse diagnostics (shadowgraph). In the foam-buffered target, Ta foil was accelerated up to a velocity of 55 km/s. Shock wave accelerated in fused quartz by an Al flyer impact was generated, and the shock wave passing a distinct boundary to a conductive state was directly observed. This method is a way to create unique conditions within the EOS diagram of material.
Published: 2006
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31. Behaviour of fast electron transport in solid targets

Author: Julien Fuchs, Yefim Aglitskiy, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, D. Piazza, Takayoshi Norimatsu, Berenice Loupias, P. Guillou, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Dimitri Batani, Sophie Baton, Christophe Rousseaux, Alessio Morace, and M. Koenig
Subjects: business.industry, Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Context (language use), Electron, Plasma, Fusion power, Laser, IGNITOR, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, law, Plasma diagnostics, business, Spectroscopy
Abstract: One of the main issues of the fast ignitor scheme is the role of fast electron transport in the solid fuel heating. Recent experiments used a new target scheme based on the use of cone to guide the PW laser and enhance the electron production. In this context it is fundamental to understand the physics underlying this new target scheme. We report here recent and preliminary results of ultra-intense laser pulse interaction with three layer targets in presence of the cone or without. Experiments have been performed at LULI with the 100TW laser facility, at intensities up to 3 10 19 W/cm 2 . Several diagnostics have been implemented (2D Kx imaging, Kα spectroscopy and rear side imaging, protons emission) to quantify the cone effect.
Published: 2006
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32. Recent experiments on electron transport in high-intensity laser matter interaction

Author: P. Guillou, Christophe Rousseaux, François Amiranoff, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Sophie Baton, C. A. Cecchetti, H. Popescu, Berenice Loupias, Julien Fuchs, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, M. Koenig, Marco Borghesi, M. Manclossi, D. Piazza, Yefim Aglitskiy, Dimitri Batani, Takayoshi Norimatsu, and Alessio Morace
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Electron, Shadowgraphy, Condensed Matter Physics, Plasma acceleration, Laser, law.invention, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Atomic orbital, Industrial radiography, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Plasma diagnostics, sense organs, business, Lepton
Abstract: We present the results of some recent experiments performed at the LULI laboratory using the 100 TW laser facility concerning the study of the propagation of fast electrons in gas and solid targets. Novel diagnostics have been implemented including chirped shadowgraphy and proton radiography. Proton radiography images did show the presence of very strong fields in the gas probably produced by charge separation. In turn these imply a slowing down of the fast electron cloud as it penetrates in the gas and a strong inhibition of propagation. Indeed chirped shadowgraphy images show a strong reduction in time of the velocity of the electron cloud from the initial value, which is of the order of a fraction of c. We also performed some preliminary experiments with cone targets in order to verify the guiding effect and fast electron propagation in presence of the cone. Finally we compared results obtained by changing the target size.Here we only give a first presentation and preliminary analysis of data, which will be addressed in detail in a following paper.
Published: 2005
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33. Progress in the study of warm dense matter

Author: Norimasa Ozaki, Todd H. Hall, Lorenzo Romagnani, Marco Borghesi, H-S Park, Dimitri Batani, A. J. Mackinnon, M. Koenig, T. R. Boehly, Alessandra Ravasio, S. Lepape, Satyabrata Kar, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Damien Hicks, P. K. Patel, G. Huser, and Tommaso Vinci
Subjects: Physics, High power lasers, business.industry, Plasma, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, Instability, Shock (mechanics), Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Radiation pressure, State of matter, Plasma diagnostics, business
Abstract: In the last few years, high power lasers have demonstrated the possibility to explore a new state of matter, the so-called warm dense matter. Among the possible techniques utilized to generate this state, we present the dynamic compression technique using high power lasers. Applications to planetary cores material (iron) will be discussed. Finally new diagnostics such as proton and hard-x-ray radiography of a shock propagating in a solid target will be presented.
Published: 2005
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34. X-ray scattering from dense plasmas

Author: Norimasa Ozaki, M. M. Notley, D. Neely, M. J. Lamb, J J Angulo Gareta, David Riley, Dominic McSherry, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, K A Thornton, M Esposito, Nigel Woolsey, Fida Khattak, E. Garcia Saiz, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, Christopher D. Gregory, M. Koenig, and A Ravassio
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Scattering, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Biological small-angle scattering, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Structure factor, Charged particle, Ion
Abstract: We review the potential of x-ray scattering as a dense plasma diagnostic and present data taken from experiments in which x-ray scattering from dense plasmas is developed as a diagnostic tool. In one type of experiment the scattered photons are detected as a function of angle using direct detection onto a CCD chip. Such experiments are designed primarily to observe the static ion–ion structure factor, which is expected to dominate the scattering for moderate to high Z plasmas at a few electronvolts temperature. In a second type of experiment we have used a curved crystal to observe spectrally resolved x-ray scattering at a fixed angle. This experiment was designed to observe the dynamical structure factor of the plasma.
Published: 2005
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35. High pressures generated by laser driven shocks: applications to planetary physics

Author: E. Martinolli, D. K. Bradley, Damien Hicks, T. R. Boehly, M. M. Notley, M. Tomasini, Gilbert Collins, R. C. Cauble, Dimitri Batani, S. Lepape, Bernard Faral, Tommaso Vinci, Jon Eggert, Kanani K. M. Lee, Oswald Willi, P. Loubeyre, A. J. Mackinnon, Peter M. Celliers, M. Koenig, Marco Borghesi, D. Neely, John Pasley, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, E. Henry, Lorenzo Romagnani, B. Telaro, Colin N. Danson, Todd H. Hall, G. Huser, L. DaSilva, and P. K. Patel
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Inner core, Context (language use), Plasma, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, law.invention, Computational physics, Planet, law, Boundary value problem, Atomic physics
Abstract: High power lasers are a tool that can be used to determine important parameters in the context of Warm Dense Matter, i.e. at the convergence of low-temperature plasma physics and finite-temperature condensed matter physics. Recent results concerning planet inner core materials such as water and iron are presented. We determined the equation of state, temperature and index of refraction of water for pressures up to 7 Mbar. The release state of iron in a LiF window allowed us to investigate the melting temperature near the inner core boundary conditions. Finally, the first application of proton radiography to the study of shocked material is also discussed.
Published: 2004
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36. Interface velocity of laser shocked Fe/LiF targets

Author: Tommaso Vinci, E. Henry, B. Telaro, M. Tomasini, Bernard Faral, G. Huser, D. Batani, M. Koenig, and Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, Plasma heating, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Lithium fluoride, Halide, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, Transition metal, law, Plasma diagnostics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, business, Refractive index
Abstract: The interface velocity of iron partially releasing into a lithium fluoride (LiF) window has been measured using VISAR technique. Corrections to the fringe-per-velocity relationship are presented. A good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations is found at laser intensities
Published: 2004
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37. Electronic conduction in shock-compressed water

Author: David Neely, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, N. Dague, Kanani K. M. Lee, Oswald Willi, S. J. Moon, John Pasley, I. Masclet, R. J. Wallace, Raymond Jeanloz, L. B. Da Silva, D. K. Bradley, Damien Hicks, Colin N. Danson, C. Reverdin, Gilbert Collins, Dimitri Batani, E. Henry, Laura Robin Benedetti, Peter M. Celliers, B. Marchet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, M. Koenig, and Jon Eggert
Subjects: Physics, Electron mobility, Equation of state, Shock (fluid dynamics), Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Band gap, Conductivity, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Optics, Thermal, Reflection (physics), business
Abstract: The optical reflectance of a strong shock front in water increases continuously with pressure above 100 GPa and saturates at ∼45% reflectance above 250 GPa. This is the first evidence of electronic conduction in high pressure water. In addition, the water Hugoniot equation of state up to 790 GPa (7.9 Mbar) is determined from shock velocity measurements made by detecting the Doppler shift of reflected light. From a fit to the reflectance data we find that an electronic mobility gap ∼2.5 eV controls thermal activation of electronic carriers at pressures in the range of 100–150 GPa. This suggests that electronic conduction contributes significantly to the total conductivity along the Neptune isentrope above 150 GPa.
Published: 2004
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38. 3. Equation-of-State Measurements by Laser-Induced Shock Compression: 3.1 High-Pressure Physics Using Laser-Driven Shocks

Author: Dimitri Batani, Michel Koenig, G. Huser, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, and E. Henry
Subjects: Physics, Equation of state, High power lasers, law, Planetary core, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Mechanics, Warm dense matter, Laser, law.invention, Shock (mechanics)
Abstract: High power lasers are nowadays a tool that can be used to determine important parameters in the context of Warm Dense Matter. In this paper, the general issues that have been addressed in the last few years are presented. Recent results concerning water and iron experiments are exposed as a paradigm of laser driven shocks experiments.
Published: 2004
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39. Coupling static and dynamic compressions: first measurements in dense hydrogen

Author: D. Neely, Peter M. Celliers, Gilbert Collins, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Marina Bastea, Florent Occelli, Raymond Jeanloz, M. Koenig, Steve Moon, John Pasley, Agnès Dewaele, E. Henry, Damien Hicks, Kanani K. M. Lee, Jon Eggert, D. K. Bradley, and Paul Loubeyre
Subjects: Shock wave, Coupling, Materials science, Hydrogen, chemistry, Thermodynamics, A diamond, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Atomic Physics, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Compression (physics)
Abstract: We demonstrate here a laser-driven shock wave in a hydrogen sample, pre-compressed in a diamond anvil cell. The compression factors of the dynamic and static techniques are multiplied. This approac...
Published: 2004
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40. Optical properties of highly compressed polystyrene using laser-driven shockwaves

Author: Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Micaela Tomasini, Franck Philippe, Dimitri Batani, Tom Hall, Michel Koenig, and E. Henry
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, business.industry, Streak camera, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Velocity interferometer system for any reflector, Drude model, Shock (mechanics), law.invention, Optics, law, Ionization, business, Inertial confinement fusion
Abstract: Plastic is a common material used for laboratory astrophysics and inertial confinement fusion. Experimental measurements of the optical properties of shock compressed polystyrene in the strongly coupled and correlated regime (0.7 Mbar
Published: 2003
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41. X-ray absorption K edge as a diagnostic of the electronic temperature in warm dense aluminum

Author: Todd H. Hall, F. Festa, Anna Lévy, Erik Brambrink, Stephane Mazevet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Fabien Dorchies, Alessandra Ravasio, V. Recoules, Olivier Peyrusse, M. Koenig, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institute for Academic Initiatives, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Scattering, Extrapolation, X-ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Imaging phantom, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, K-edge, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Absorption (logic), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The use of the x-ray absorption $K$-edge slope is investigated as a model-free diagnostic of the electronic temperature in warm dense matter. Data are reported for aluminum in a wide domain of densities (approximately one to three times the solid density) and temperatures ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.1--10\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$). Measurements are obtained from laser-shock compression where both temperature and density are independently determined from optical diagnostics. They are compared with two different theoretical approaches, respectively, based on quantum molecular dynamics and multiple scattering. Extrapolation for other absorption edges and materials is discussed.
Published: 2015
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42. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron at multimegabar pressures in laser shock experiments

Author: C. Fourment, Norimasa Ozaki, Jérôme Gaudin, Marion Harmand, Bob Nagler, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Fabien Dorchies, Guillaume Morard, A. Denoeud, Yiping Feng, J. Bouchet, Stephane Mazevet, Kohei Miyanishi, Diling Zhu, R. Musella, Sven Toleikis, Tommaso Vinci, M. Koenig, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Ravasio, François Guyot, Ulf Zastrau, H. J. Lee, V. Recoules, Eric Galtier, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, affiliation inconnue, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Photone Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], ANR-12-PDOC-0011,IronFEL,Le fer et ses alliages sous conditions extrèmes et sondés par diagnostiques X sur les installations FEL et lasers intenses(2012), ANR-12-BS04-0015,PlanetLab,Propriètés des planètes et des exoplanètes en laboratoire(2012), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Materials science, Free-electron laser, Diamond, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, XANES, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract: International audience; Taking advantage of the new opportunities provided by x-ray free electron laser (FEL) sources when coupled to a long laser pulse as available at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), we have performed x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) of laser shock compressed iron up to 420 GPa (±50) and 10 800 K (±1390). Visible diagnostics coupled with hydrodynamic simulations were used to infer the thermodynamical conditions along the Hugoniot and the release adiabat. A modification of the pre-edge feature at 7.12 keV in the XANES spectra is observed above pressures of 260 GPa along the Hugoniot. Comparing with ab initio calculations and with previous laser-heated diamond cell data, we propose that such changes in the XANES pre-edge could be a signature of molten iron. This interpretation then suggests that iron is molten at pressures and temperatures higher than 260 GPa (±29) and 5680 K (±700) along the principal Fe Hugoniot.
Published: 2015
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43. Absolute equation of state measurements of iron using laser driven shocks

Author: E. Henry, Tom A. Hall, M. Tomasini, Th. De Rességuier, Denis Andrault, M. Hallouin, Michel Boustie, G. Huser, Th. Charpin, B. Marchet, François Guyot, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Bernard Faral, M. Koenig, and D. Batani
Subjects: Physics, Shock wave, Equation of state, Shock (fluid dynamics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, law.invention, Pressure range, law, Astrophysical plasma, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics
Abstract: First absolute equation of state measurements obtained for iron with laser driven shock waves are presented. The shock velocity and the free surface velocity of compressed iron have been simultaneously measured by using a VISAR diagnostic, and step targets. The pressure range 1–8 Mbar has been investigated, which is directly relevant to planetary physics. The experiments have been performed at the Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses of the Ecole Polytechnique.
Published: 2002
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44. Pressure amplification in thermal X-ray irradiated foam layered gold targets

Author: Dimitri Batani, G. Lucchini, Th. Löwer, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, W. Nazarov, M. Koenig, T. Desai, and Tom A. Hall
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, X-ray, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Shock (mechanics), Optics, law, Thermal radiation, Hohlraum, Thermal, Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, business, Inertial confinement fusion
Abstract: We have studied the interaction of soft X-ray thermal radiation with foam-layered metal targets. The X-radiation was produced by focusing a high energy laser inside a small size hohlraum. An increment in shock pressure was observed with the foam layer as compared to bare metal targets.
Published: 2002
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45. Measurement of iron characteristics under ramp compression

Author: Guillaume Morard, Alessandra Ravasio, Kohei Miyanishi, Gang Zhao, T. de Rességuier, N Amadou, Erik Brambrink, M Koenig, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Huigang Wei, François Guyot, and Norimasa Ozaki
Subjects: Materials science, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Compression (physics), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Published: 2017
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46. Metallization of Warm DenseSiO2Studied by XANES Spectroscopy

Author: Alessandra Ravasio, S. Le Pape, Erik Brambrink, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Fabien Dorchies, François Guyot, Stephane Mazevet, M. Koenig, A. Denoeud, P. M. Leguay, and Jérôme Gaudin
Subjects: Shock wave, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, General Physics and Astronomy, Electronic structure, Nanosecond, 01 natural sciences, Semimetal, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, Density functional theory, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Pseudogap
Abstract: We investigate the evolution of the electronic structure of fused silica in a dense plasma regime using time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We use a nanosecond (ns) laser beam to generate a strong uniform shock wave in the sample and a picosecond (ps) pulse to produce a broadband x-ray source near the Si $K$ edge. By varying the delay between the two laser beams and the intensity of the ns beam, we explore a large thermodynamical domain with densities varying from 1 to $5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ and temperatures up to 5 eV. In contrast to normal conditions where silica is a well-known insulator with a wide band gap of 8.9 eV, we find that shocked silica exhibits a pseudogap as a semimetal throughout this thermodynamical domain. This is in quantitative agreement with density functional theory predictions performed using the generalized gradient approximation.
Published: 2014
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47. Ab initiocalculation of x-ray absorption of iron up to 3 Mbar and 8000 K

Author: François Guyot, V. Recoules, Stephane Mazevet, Marion Harmand, Alessandra Ravasio, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, J. Bouchet, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Ab initio, Inner core, Electronic structure, Condensed Matter Physics, Molecular physics, XANES, Spectral line, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, K-edge, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Density functional theory, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Phase diagram
Abstract: International audience; Using ab initio simulations within the generalized gradient approximation, we calculate x-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES) at the iron K edge throughout the high-pressure phase diagram and up to extreme density and temperature conditions that are representative of the Earth's inner core (up to 3 Mbar and 8000 K). We show that XANES spectra near the Fe K edge exhibit clear signatures for the different high-temperature, high-pressure phases of iron. This suggests that XANES spectroscopy might be used to resolve ongoing controversies regarding both the high-pressure melting curve of iron and the nature of the solid phases undergoing melting up to several Mbar. In contrast to diffraction measurements, it also offers a severe constraint for density functional theory predictions of the transport properties of iron by providing direct information on the electronic structure of iron at these extreme conditions.
Published: 2014
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48. Foam-induced smoothing studied through laser-driven shock waves

Author: Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, N. Grandjouan, Tom A. Hall, Michel Koenig, W. Nazarov, Thorsten Löwer, Dimitri Batani, and Bernard Faral
Subjects: Physics::Computational Physics, Shock wave, Materials science, Opacity, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Laser, Moving shock, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Optics, law, Radiative transfer, Oblique shock, business, Smoothing, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The influence of foams on the uniformity of laser energy deposition has been studied by measuring laser-driven shock waves breakout from foam-aluminum layered targets. Well characterized laser nonuniformities have been produced first by using phase zone plates to get a smooth beam and then by inserting different opaque grids before the foam. Smoothing has been studied as a function of foam density and grid materials (producing different radiative effects).
Published: 2000
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49. Laser-driven shocks in precompressed water samples

Author: Stephanie Brygoo, M. Koenig, Alessandra Ravasio, E. Henry, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Tommaso Vinci, and P. Loubeyre
Subjects: Shock wave, Streak camera, Wave propagation, business.industry, Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Diamond, engineering.material, Laser, Diamond anvil cell, Shock (mechanics), law.invention, Optics, law, engineering, business, Quartz
Abstract: We report experimental measurements of the equation of state (EOS) of water with laser-driven shock waves. The water samples are precompressed using diamond anvil cells (DAC) to initial pressures ranging from 1 to 6 kbar. The shock is formed into a flat, 100 μm thick diamond and transmitted into a 25 μm thick quartz plate, which we use as a reference material for impedence mismatch. Two VISAR interferometric diagnostics allow the measurement of the shock velocity into both quartz and water. The light emitted by the sample is collected in the wavelength range 600 ± 12.5 nm, and imaged onto a calibrated streak camera, which measures the equivalent black body temperature of the shocked sample. A few points were obtained, five of which show reliable measurements of pressure, density and temperature of water. The results agree with the Sesame tables [7] when taking into account experimental uncertainties.
Published: 2006
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50. Radiative shocks: New results for laboratory astrophysics

Author: Stefano Atzeni, Alessandra Ravasio, Angelo Schiavi, C. Michaut, Tommaso Vinci, M. Koenig, S. Bouquet, Norimasa Ozaki, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Olivier Peyrusse, L. Boireau, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Dipartimento di Energetica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and CNISM, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Electron density, Streak camera, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Astrophysics, Laser, Supercritical fluid, law.invention, Radial velocity, Optics, Xenon, chemistry, law, Brightness temperature, Radiative transfer, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business
Abstract: International audience; In the framework of the Laboratory Astrophysics, we present new radiative shocks experiments performed using the LULI2000 facility. A strong shock is driven in a multi-layered solid target (CH-Ti-CH) which accelerates into a gas cell (˜ 60 km/s) filled with Xenon at low pressure (0.1 - 0.3 bar) and produces a radiative supercritical shock [4, 8]. A low power laser beam (8 ns - 532 nm) probes the Xenon gas in the transverse direction and is injected into a VISAR and on two optical framing cameras (GOI). These diagnostics allow to determine electron density variation, to measure both precursor and shock velocities along the shock propagation axis [3, 5] as well as the 2D shape of the shock. On rear side, the light emitted from the shocked Xenon is imaged onto the slit of a streak camera. An absolute calibration of the optical system allows to determine the brightness temperature [8]. Data were obtained for different laser intensities and gas pressures. Two VISARs on rear side allowed an accurate measurement of the shock conditions in the pusher before the breakout in the Xenon. Comparison between 1D (MULTI) and 2D (DUED [1, 2]) radiative hydrodynamic codes and measured quantities (shock velocity, shape, radial expansion, and temperature as well as precursor velocity and precursor electron density) are presented.
Published: 2006
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