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Currently, classrooms are experiencing an increase in the number of schoolchildren with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Numerous studies propose, as an alternative to medication, the implementation of different neurotechnology in the classroom to improve the symptomatology and enhance the cognitive abilities of children with this diagnosis. This umbrella review aims to compile the scientific evidence that exists on the application of these techniques, as well as their implementation, in schools. A systematic review was carried out, following accepted recommendations (PRISMA), which included systematic reviews in English or Spanish, published in scientific journals, which deal with ADHD, apply some neurotechnology used in this population such as neurofeedback, transcranial stimulation (tDCS) or hyper scanning, and which refer to education or school. Fourteen systematic reviews were retained, which show that neurofeedback is the most widely used neurotechnology, although its actual implementation in school has been scarcely treated or only aimed to evaluate its efficacy. In second place, tDCS appears with a more clinical approach, while hyper scanning does not appear. Despite the promising experimental results, ecological studies proposing the effective implementation of these techniques in educational centers are necessary; on the other hand, the commitment to neuroeducation would entail the emergence of new professional figures. En la actualidad, las aulas experimentan un incremento del número de menores escolarizados con un diagnóstico de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDA-H). Numerosos estudios proponen, como alternativa a la medicación, la implementación de diferentes neurotecnologías en el aula para mejorar la sintomatología y favorecer las capacidades cognitivas de los escolares con dicho diagnóstico. La presente revisión sistemática persigue recopilar la evidencia científica que existe sobre la aplicación de estas técnicas, así como su implementación en el aula. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, siguiendo los estándares de rigor aceptados (PRISMA), incluyendo las revisiones sistemáticas en inglés o español, publicadas en revistas científicas, que aborden el TDA-H, apliquen alguna neurotecnología utilizada en esta población (neurofeedback, estimulación transcraneal (tDCS) o hiperescaneo) y que hagan referencia a la educación o a las aulas. Se retuvieron 14 revisiones sistemáticas, poniendo de manifiesto que el neurofeedback es la neurotecnología más utilizada, aunque su implementación real en el aula ha sido escasamente tratada o sólo lo ha sido con fines de evaluación de eficacia. En segundo lugar, aparece la tDCS con un enfoque más clínico, mientras que el hiperescaneo no aparece. A pesar de encontrar resultados experimentales prometedores, son necesarios estudios ecológicos que propongan la implantación efectiva de estas técnicas en los centros educativos; por otra parte, la apuesta por la neuroeducación conllevaría la aparición de nuevas figuras profesionales.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is gradually becoming the standard of care for the surgical treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Compared with the multiple incision approach, including conventional multiportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (mVATS) and multiportal robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (mRATS), uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (uVATS) offers a range of potential benefits such as straight target view from a sagittal plane, better lung exposure, ergonomic instrumentation, reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, shorter length of hospital stay, and earlier administration of adjuvant therapy when necessary. However, uVATS remains a challenging procedure since all instrumentation shares the same access incision along the videothoracoscope. The learning curve demands a profound knowledge of specific technical details and comfort with specialized equipment to avoid intraoperative complications, essentially vascular accidents. This article provides a step-by-step description of uVATS right upper lobectomy, reviewing practical tips and tricks about operating room set-up, incision strategy, instrumentation management and operative sequence applied to the fissureless technique. This surgical technique is based on the author's preference and experience and therefore should not be taken as the only valid option. Our purpose is to make uVATS surgery accessible for most surgeons in their daily practice.

Summary Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be the approach for any thoracic procedure, from minor resections to complex reconstructive surgery. However, anatomical lobectomy represents its most common and clinically proven usage. A wide variety of information about uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomies can be found in the literature and multimedia sources. This article focuses on updating the surgical technique and includes important aspects such as the geometric approach, anaesthesia considerations, operating room set-up, tips about the incision, instrumentation management and the operative technique to perform the 5 lobectomies. The following issues are explained for each lobectomy: anatomical considerations, surgical steps and technical advice. Medical illustrations and videos are included to clarify the text with the goal of describing a standard surgical practice.

We integrated a magnetohydrodynamic fluid extractor with an amperometric glucose biosensor to develop a wearable device for non-invasive glucose monitoring. Reproducible fluid extraction through the skin and efficient transport of the extracted fluid to the biosensor surface are prerequisites for non-invasive glucose monitoring. We optimized the enzyme immobilization and the interface layer between the sensing device and the skin. The monitoring device was evaluated by extracting fluid through porcine skin followed by glucose detection at the biosensor. The biosensor featured a screen-printed layer of Prussian Blue that was coated with a layer containing glucose oxidase. Both physical entrapment of glucose oxidase in chitosan and tethering of glucose oxidase to electrospun nanofibers were evaluated. Binding of glucose oxidase to nanofibers under mild conditions provided a stable biosensor with analytical performance suitable for accurate detection of micromolar concentrations of glucose. Hydrogels of varying thickness (95-2000 mu m) as well as a thin (30 mu m) nanofibrous polycaprolactone mat were studied as an interface layer between the biosensor and the skin. The effect of mass transfer phenomena at the biosensor-skin interface on the analytical performance of the biosensor was evaluated. The sensing device detected glucose extracted through porcine skin with an apparent (overall) sensitivity of-0.8 mA/(M.cm(2)), compared to a sensitivity of-17 mA/(M.cm(2)) for measurement in solution. The amperometric response of the biosensor correlated with the glucose concentration in the fluid that had been extracted through porcine skin with the magnetohydrodynamic technique.

The video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) technique has evolved from its multiport origins to even less invasive approaches grounded in its proven benefits over open surgery for the treatment of early stage lung cancer. In this evolution process, the Uniportal VATS (UniVATS) strategy emerged. This technique is giving some evidence of benefits when compared to the multiport VATS and has been embraced by the surgical community spreading its geographical and surgical boundaries. Moreover, UniVATS has proven its feasibility for numerous and more complex procedures for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, which are reviewed in this document as well as its current and future development.

Research is ongoing to develop drug therapies to manage osteoarthritis (OA) and articular cartilage (AC) injuries. However, means to deliver drug to localized AC lesions are highly limited and not clinically available. This study investigates the capability of laser ultrasound (laser-induced plasma sound source) to deliver agents (methylene blue, MB, in PBS) into bovine AC. Treatment samples (n = 10) were immersed in MB solution simultaneously with LU exposure, while adjacent control 1 tissue (n = 10) was pre-treated with LU followed by immersion in MB and adjacent control 2 tissue (n = 10) was only immersed in MB. AC exposed (n = 22) or not exposed (n = 27) to LU were characterized for anomalies in structure, composition, viability or RNA expression. Optically detected MB content was significantly (p, published version, peerReviewed

Introducción: Se definieron cuatro tipos de prevención en la Medicina: primaria, secundaria, terciaria y cuaternaria. Objetivo: Consiste en divulgar aspectos fundamentales que determinan la Medicina Preventiva, para que con el cumplimiento de las acciones de salud que los caracterizan, se obtengan mejores resultados para la salud de la población. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el primordial principio de calidad y rigor científico, fuentes de expertos nacionales e internacionales fueron utilizadas y se aseguró que son aplicables y generalizables en la Atención Primaria de salud. Desarrollo de Temáticas: Se definen los conceptos de promoción, educación y prevención de la salud. Los logros en la atención médica se incrementan al priorizarse la realización de las acciones de salud que estos conceptos precisan. Se considera la importancia de la labor intersectorial debido a que los problemas de salud demandan soluciones más allá de las posibilidades del sector salud y para enfrentarlos es necesaria la integración con otros sectores, ya que la salud no solo implica la atención médica, es un concepto más amplio, político y social, para un mayor control de condiciones sociales, económicas y ambientales. Tratamos el envejecimiento de la población porque existe el criterio de que la promoción, educación y prevención debe aplicarse a todas las edades, no excluyendo a las personas de edad avanzada en las que también se obtienen resultados favorables evitando el incremento de la morbilidad por enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles. En relación con el autocuidado de la salud se señalan importantes orientaciones. Se consideran parámetros de normalidad en adultos. Se expresa que la actualización científica es indispensable en la práctica médica por el permanente desarrollo de las Ciencias Médicas. Conclusiones: El equipo de salud de la Atención Primaria debe trabajar motivado no solamente ante los problemas de salud existentes que la población les consulta, sino también conjuntamente con el Gobierno y los diferentes sectores de la comunidad ante los problemas socio-económicos y medioambientales determinantes, esenciales de la salud de la población.Introduction: Four types of medical preventions are discussed in this study namely: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary. Objective: It is our desire to convey the fundamental aspects of the Preventive Medicine in order to improve the health of all people. Method: Numerous previously published works by local and international experts in this field were used in the preparation of this endeavour. Evolution: The concepts of promotion, education, and prevention are defined. The advance in the medical attention increase when these actions are implemented. Also, consideration is given to the effort interjectorily since it is known that the health problem demands solutions beyond the scope of the health sector alone. Therefore, other sectors such as the political, social, economic and environment are also considered. It is considered that the aging of the population because there is a view that promotion, education and prevention could apply to all ages. Favourable results are obtained when persons of advance age are included. Conclusions: Parameters in normal adults and the auto care are also included in the study. It is clear that scientific update is indispensable in medical practice for the ongoing development of the medical science.