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Introduction: Abdominal obesity is the excess of deposits of fat in the abdominal region and it is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is a metabolic risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and it is the leading cause of premature death in the world. Objective: to determine the association between abdominal obesity and hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia history in Panamanian college students. Materials and methods: Analytical cross- sectional study carried out in 434 college students from four different cities of a private university in Panamá. Every participant in the study signed written consent. Abdominal obesity was established as a waist circumference of ≥80 cm in women and ≥90 cm in men. Hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia history were established with the basic questionnaire in the STEPS World Health Organization Instrument. Descriptive, as well as bivariate and multivariate analysis, were realized using logistic regression models. Results: 36.41% of participants had abdominal obesity (no statistically significant difference was found by sex). 14.29%, 9.22%, and 13.82% of the students surveyed reported a history of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia respectively (no statistically significant difference was found by sex). After adjusting by sex, age, and socioeconomic level, abdominal obesity was associated with hypertension antecedent (OR=2.06, CI 95%: 1.183-3.597, p=0.011). Conclusions: Students who evidenced abdominal obesity were more likely to have a hypertension history. The study recommends implementing strategies that promote healthy living habits to reduce future cardiovascular risk in the Panamanian university population

Introducción. La obesidad abdominal es considerada un factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes. El consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol y la inactividad física también son factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la obesidad abdominal, el consumo de alcohol y la inactividad física en universitarios panameños. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en 374 estudiantes universitarios panameños en el periodo abril – diciembre de 2021. Se implementó el cuestionario para la vigilancia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y se evaluó la circunferencia de cintura. La obesidad abdominal se estableció con una circunferencia de cintura ≥80 cm en mujeres y ≥90 cm en hombres. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples usando modelos de regresión logística para determinar la asociación entre las variables del estudio. Las pruebas U Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado fueron utilizadas para analizar diferencias por sexo. Resultados: Una tercera parte de los universitarios participantes presentaron obesidad abdominal. Las mujeres reportaron mayores niveles de inactividad física (

Amniotic eggs are multifunctional structures that enabled early tetrapods to colonize the land millions of years ago, and are now the reproductive mode of over 70% of all terrestrial amniotes. Eggshell morphology is at the core of animal survival, mediating the interactions between embryos and their environment, and has evolved into a massive diversity of forms and functions in modern reptiles. These functions are critical to embryonic survival and may serve as models for new antimicrobial and/or breathable membranes. However, we still lack critical data on the basic structural and functional properties of eggs, particularly of reptiles. Here, we first characterized egg shape, shell thickness, porosity, and mineralization of eggs from 91 reptile species using optical images, scanning electron microscopy, and micro computed tomography, and collected data on nesting ecology from the literature. We then used comparative analyses to test hypotheses on the selective pressures driving their evolution. We hypothesized that eggshell morphology has evolved to protect shells from physical damage and desiccation, and, in support, found a positive relationship between thickness and precipitation, and a negative relationship between porosity and temperature. Although mineralization varied extensively, it was not correlated with nesting ecology variables. Ancestral state reconstructions show thinning and increased porosity over evolutionary time in squamates, but the opposite in turtles and crocodilians. Egg shape, size, porosity and calcification were correlated, suggesting potential structural or developmental tradeoffs. This study provides new data and insights into the morphology and evolution of reptile eggs, and raises numerous questions for additional research.

El artículo plantea el reto de poder establecer una explicación sobre la importancia de vincular el análisis de la acción individual con la perspectiva holística en relación a las condiciones en las que se comprende la moneda. La permanente propensión a desvincular los dos escenarios podría tener un origen intencional, con la consecuencia de estar al frente de un bloqueo en la construcción de códigos de interpretación de la práctica económica en el escenario monetario.

The aim of this article is to describe some of the manifestations and characteristics of the construction of the prolegomena of Free Banking in Colombia, especially in the case of Antioquia (1872-1886). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The amniotic egg fulfils a critical role in reproduction by serving as an interface between the external environment and the embryo. Because non-avian reptiles are rarely incubated, they must be heated by, and absorb water from, the oviposition site for the developing embryo. The mechanisms by which they absorb sufficient, but not excess, water and how these mechanisms vary with local habitat is largely unknown, despite its significance to their evolution. Here, we first performed histology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic vapor sorption experiments to elucidate the mechanisms of eggshell absorption for 56 reptile species. Then, we used phylogenetic comparative analysis to test the hypothesis that the absorptive capacity of reptile eggshells increases with aridity of the environment. We found that water absorption increases in the presence of a superficial mucopolysaccharide layer and decreases with increased calcium content. We found that eggs from arid environments have highly absorbent eggshells, but only in species with weakly calcified shells. Our results suggest that reptile eggshells have over evolutionary time tuned absorptive capacity to environmental moisture level. Since these eggs often must sustain conflicting constraints, they may serve as inspirations for new biomimetic materials, such as water filtering membranes or humidity sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female birds can influence offspring fitness by varying the relative quantities of egg components they deposit within and between clutches. Antimicrobial proteins (lysozyme, ovotransferrin, and avidin) are significant components of the avian albumen and likely aid in defense of embryos from microbial infection. Within clutches, females may enhance antimicrobial defense of early-laid eggs to protect them from the high risk of infection incurred before the onset of incubation. Among entire clutches, females may invest more resources in young sired by more attractive males because they have higher reproductive value. We tested these hypotheses by quantifying antimicrobial protein distribution within and among clutches in blue tit eggs. Contrary to our hypothesis, clutches showed no differential deposition of lysozyme or avidin within clutches, but eggs laid in the middle of the sequence had higher concentrations of ovotransferrin than eggs in the beginning and end. Consistent with our second hypothesis, we found that females produced eggs with higher concentrations of lysozyme (although not ovotransferrin or avidin) when mated to more attractive (more UV-reflective) males. Furthermore, females mated to polygynous males deposited less lysozyme than those mated to monogamous males. These data suggest that allocation of lysozyme at the clutch level may be a maternal effect mediated by male qualities.

This article explores the function and consequences of fluorescence in tetrapods, both in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. It emphasizes the importance of considering physiological requirements and environmental factors that affect fluorescence perception. The article suggests that fluorescence may serve a communicative purpose and discusses potential roles in communication, predator avoidance, and noncommunicative functions. While fluorescent proteins have been found to have various potential functions, in many cases, fluorescence may not have a specific function and may be a by-product of selection on other traits. The article highlights the need for further research to understand the mechanisms and implications of fluorescence, which could also have applications in biomaterial development. [Extracted from the article]

Introducción: La inactividad física es un factor de riesgo comportamental que se define como la realización de menos de 150 minutos de actividad física a la semana de intensidad moderada, por otra parte, la conducta sedentaria hace referencia al tiempo que se permanece sentado o acostado en reposo. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación existente entre los niveles de actividad física, en cada uno de los dominios, y la conducta sedentaria de los senderistas de Bucaramanga, y área metropolitana. Métodos: Estudio correlacional realizado en 170 senderistas de Bucaramanga y área metropolitana. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables categorías y continúas de interés. Se calculó coeficiente de Pearson para establecer una posible correlación en las variables de interés. El nivel de significancia fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se registró una prevalencia nula de inactividad física en la población de estudio. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al analizar las medianas de actividad física en cada uno de los dominios según sexo. El dominio de mayor realización de actividad física fue el del tiempo libre. Se estableció una correlación negativa entre la conducta sedentaria y la cantidad de actividad física y el gasto energético semanal. Conclusiones: La totalidad de los senderistas encuestados son físicamente activos y cumplen ampliamente con las recomendaciones de actividad física para la salud de la OMS, además de registrar bajos niveles de conducta sedentaria. Se determinó una correlación negativa entre la conducta sedentaria y la cantidad de actividad física y el gasto energético semanal. Palabras clave: Actividad motora; adulto; salud pública.

Introducción: El senderismo es un tipo de actividad física en la naturaleza que consiste en recorrer senderos señalizados. Una composición corporal poco saludable es considerada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como un factor de riesgo biológico asociado a enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: Determinar la composición corporal en senderistas de Bucaramanga y área metropolitana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 133 senderistas con una edad promedio de 51,28 años. Se determinó la composición corporal a través del Índice de Masa Corporal, el porcentaje de grasa y la circunferencia de la cintura. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Para establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas se utilizaron la prueba exacta de Fischer y t-student el nivel de significancia fue de p < 0,05. Resultados: La mediana de años de práctica del senderismo fue de 4 años. El 93,23 % de los participantes practica el senderismo con frecuencia semanal. EL 52,63 % de los participantes presenta sobrepeso/obesidad. El 33,08 % presenta obesidad abdominal y el 31,58 % de los senderistas registra obesidad con relación al porcentaje de grasa. Al analizar por género no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: Los senderistas presentan niveles de sobrepeso-obesidad, obesidad central y obesidad por porcentaje de grasa similares a los de la población en general. Se recomienda la implementación de un programa de educación nutricional. Se sugiere para próximos trabajos de investigación profundizar en los demás componentes de la condición física orientada a la salud y factores de riesgo biológicos.

Copyright of Economía del Caribe is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)