168 results on '"Alan Hamilton"'
Search Results
2. Mechanisms associated with increased physical activity in patients undergoing self-management behaviour modification in the randomised PHYSACTO trial
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Jean Bourbeau, Maria Sedeno, Pei Zhi Li, Thierry Troosters, Alan Hamilton, Dorothy De Sousa, François Maltais, Damijan Erzen, and Kim L. Lavoie
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction In this analysis of the PHYSACTO® study, we assessed the efficacy of a self-management behaviour modification (SMBM) programme to improve physical activity (PA) levels, and the extent to which effects were mediated by readiness to change, motivation and confidence. Methods PHYSACTO® was a randomised, partially double-blind, parallel-group, 12-week trial to evaluate the effects of treatment on exercise capacity and PA. COPD patients received placebo, tiotropium 5 µg or tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg, with or without exercise training, all with an SMBM intervention (the Living Well with COPD programme). Changes were assessed in readiness to change (stage of change visual analogue scale [VAS]), motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire [TSRQ]) and confidence (Perceived Competence Scale [PCS]) to engage in PA. Results PA was increased in all patients with complete PA data at Week 12 (n=262; +6038 steps·week−1, p
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- 2021
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3. Comparative measurement properties of constant work rate cycling and the endurance shuttle walking test in COPD: the TORRACTO clinical trial
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François Maltais, Denis E. O’Donnell, Alan Hamilton, Yihua Zhao, and Richard Casaburi
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Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Background: Exercise tolerance is an important endpoint in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical trials. Little is known about the comparative measurement properties of constant work rate cycle ergometry (CWRCE) and the endurance shuttle walking test (ESWT). The objective of this sub-analysis of the TORRACTO ® study was to directly compare the endurance measurement properties of CWRCE and ESWT in patients with COPD in a multicentre, multinational setting. We predicted that both tests would be similarly reliable, but that the ESWT would be more responsive to bronchodilation than CWRCE. Methods: This analysis included 151 patients who performed CWRCE and ESWT at baseline and week 6 after receiving once-daily placebo, tiotropium/olodaterol (T/O) 2.5/5 μg or T/O 5/5 μg. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing their respective performance at baseline and week 6 in the placebo group. Responsiveness to bronchodilation was assessed by comparing endurance time at week 6 with T/O with baseline values and placebo. The locus of symptom limitation and end-exercise Borg scales for breathing and leg discomfort for both tests were also analysed. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for CWRCE and ESWT were 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.71] and 0.75 (95% CI 0.63–0.84). More patients were limited by breathing discomfort during the ESWT than during CWRCE, whereas more patients were limited by leg discomfort or breathing/leg discomfort during CWRCE than the ESWT ( p
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- 2020
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4. Indigenous knowledge of dye-yielding plants among Bai communities in Dali, Northwest Yunnan, China
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Yanxiao Fan, Yanqiang Zhao, Aizhong Liu, Alan Hamilton, Chuanfa Wang, Liangqun Li, Yekun Yang, and Lixin Yang
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Indigenous knowledge ,Dye-yielding plants ,Bai communities ,Biodiversity protection ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background Bai people in the Dali Prefecture of Northwest Yunnan, China, have a long history of using plant extracts to dye their traditional costumes and maintain this culture for posterity. However, the development of modern technology, while vastly improving the dyeing efficiency, is also replacing indigenous knowledge which threatens the indigenous practice, causing the latter disappearing gradually. This study sought to examine the indigenous knowledge of plants used for textile dyeing in Bai communities, so as to provide a foundation for their sustainable development. Methods We conducted a semi-structured interview among 344 informants (above age 36) selected through a snowball sampling method. Free lists and participant observation were used as supplementary methods for the interviews. Three quantitative indicators (informant consensus factor [ICF], use frequency, and cultural importance index [CI]) were used to evaluate the indigenous knowledge of the dye-yielding plants. Results Twenty-three species belonging to 19 plant taxonomic families were used for dye by Bai communities. We summarized them into four life forms, eight used parts, five colors, three processing methods, and four dyeing methods. Among them, Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) O. Kuntze was the most traditional dyeing plant and has an important cultural value. Location, age, and gender were found to have a significant effect on indigenous knowledge, and the dyeing knowledge was dynamic and influenced by social factors. Conclusions Diverse plant resources and rich indigenous knowledge of textile dyeing persist at settlements of Bai communities in Dali Prefecture. However, high labor costs and thinning market of traditional products that use plant dye cause repulsion toward traditional practice. To that, a good income in other profession attracts indigenous people to shift from their tradition of making plant-based dye and associated cultural systems at risk of extinction. More research for market development for products that use plant-based dye is necessary for the conservation of this valuable knowledge and biodiversity protection in Bai communities.
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- 2018
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5. Behavioural interventions targeting physical activity improve psychocognitive outcomes in COPD
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Kim L. Lavoie, Maria Sedeno, Alan Hamilton, Pei-Zhi Li, Dorothy De Sousa, Thierry Troosters, François Maltais, and Jean Bourbeau
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Medicine - Abstract
This study explored the impact of a self-management behaviour modification (SMBM) programme with/without bronchodilators and with/without exercise training (ExT) to improve daily physical activity on psychological and cognitive outcomes in COPD patients as a secondary analysis of the PHYSACTO trial. A 12-week, four-group, randomised, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of SMBM in addition to tiotropium 5 µg, tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg, tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg plus ExT, or placebo was conducted in 304 patients. Outcomes included anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-A), depression (HADS-D and Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)). All outcomes showed statistically and clinically significant improvements after 12 weeks independent of treatment group. However, greater improvements in HADS-A and MoCA were seen in patients who exhibited greater increases in physical activity and exercise capacity, respectively, whereas greater improvements in HADS-D and PHQ-9 were seen in patients who exhibited increases in either physical activity or exercise capacity. The results indicate that SMBM with/without bronchodilators or ExT was associated with improved psychological and cognitive functioning. Anxiety reduced with increased physical activity, cognitive function improved with increased exercise capacity, and depression reduced with increases in either physical activity or exercise capacity. Interventions that increase daily physical activity or exercise capacity may improve psychological and cognitive outcomes in COPD.
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- 2019
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6. Effect of 12 weeks of once-daily tiotropium/olodaterol on exercise endurance during constant work-rate cycling and endurance shuttle walking in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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François Maltais, Denis O’Donnell, Juan Bautista Gáldiz Iturri, Anne-Marie Kirsten, Dave Singh, Alan Hamilton, Kay Tetzlaff, Yihua Zhao, and Richard Casaburi
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Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Background: The TORRACTO ® study evaluated the effects of tiotropium/olodaterol versus placebo on endurance time during constant work-rate cycling and constant speed shuttle walking in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after 12 weeks of treatment. Methods: The effects of once-daily tiotropium/olodaterol (2.5/5 and 5/5 μg) on endurance time during constant work-rate cycle ergometry (CWRCE) after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment were compared with placebo in patients with COPD in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. Endurance time during the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment was also evaluated in a subset of patients. Results: A total of 404 patients received treatment, with 165 participating in the ESWT substudy. A statistically significant improvement in endurance time during CWRCE was observed after 12 weeks (primary endpoint) with tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg [14% ( p = 0.02)] but not with tiotropium/olodaterol 2.5/5 µg [9% ( p = 0.14)] versus placebo. In the ESWT substudy, a trend to improvement in endurance time during ESWT after 12 weeks (key secondary endpoint) was observed with tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg [21% ( p = 0.055)] and tiotropium/olodaterol 2.5/5 µg [21% ( p = 0.056)] versus placebo. Conclusion: Tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg improved endurance time during cycle ergometry versus placebo, with a strong tendency to also improve walking endurance time. [ ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01525615.]
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- 2018
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7. Enhancing exercise tolerance and physical activity in COPD with combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions: PHYSACTO randomised, placebo-controlled study design
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Jean Bourbeau, François Maltais, Thierry Troosters, Damijan Erzen, Nancy Leidy, Dorothy De Sousa, Lawrence Korducki, and Alan Hamilton
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with exercise limitation and physical inactivity, which are believed to have significant long-term negative health consequences for patients. While a number of COPD treatments and exercise training programmes increase exercise capacity, there is limited evidence for their effects on physical activity levels, with no clear association between exercise capacity and physical activity in clinical trials. Physical activity depends on a number of behaviour, environmental and physiological factors. We describe the design of the PHYSACTO trial, which is investigating the effects of bronchodilators, either alone or with exercise training, in combination with a standardised behaviour-change self-management programme, on exercise capacity and physical activity in patients with COPD. It is hypothesised that bronchodilators in conjunction with a behaviour-change self-management programme will improve physical activity and that this effect will be amplified by the addition of exercise training.Methods and analysis Patients are being recruited from 34 sites in Australia, New Zealand, the USA, Canada and Europe. Patients receiving a multicomponent intervention designed to support behaviour change related to physical activity are randomised to four treatment arms: placebo, tiotropium, tiotropium+olodaterol, and tiotropium+olodaterol+exercise training. The primary outcome is improvement in exercise capacity after 8 weeks, measured by endurance time during a shuttle walk test. The secondary outcome is improvement in physical activity, including objective accelerometer assessment and patient-reported functioning using the Functional Performance Inventory—Short Form and the novel hybrid PROactive instrument. Additionally, the influence of moderating variables (ie, factors influencing a patient's choice to be physically active) on increases in physical activity is also explored.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the relevant Institutional Review Boards, Independent Ethics Committee and Competent Authority according to national and international regulations. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through relevant peer-reviewed journals and international conference presentations.Trial registration number NCT02085161.
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- 2016
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8. Behaviour-change intervention in a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled COPD study: methodological considerations and implementation
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Jean Bourbeau, Maria Sedeno, François Maltais, Kim L Lavoie, Thierry Troosters, Damijan Erzen, Nancy Leidy, Dorothy De Sousa, and Alan Hamilton
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is generally progressive and associated with reduced physical activity. Both pharmacological therapy and exercise training can improve exercise capacity; however, these are often not sufficient to change the amount of daily physical activity a patient undertakes. Behaviour-change self-management programmes are designed to address this, including setting motivational goals and providing social support. We present and discuss the necessary methodological considerations when integrating behaviour-change interventions into a multicentre study.Methods and analysis PHYSACTO is a 12-week phase IIIb study assessing the effects on exercise capacity and physical activity of once-daily tiotropium+olodaterol 5/5 µg with exercise training, tiotropium+olodaterol 5/5 µg without exercise training, tiotropium 5 µg or placebo, with all pharmacological interventions administered via the Respimat inhaler. Patients in all intervention arms receive a behaviour-change self-management programme to provide an optimal environment for translating improvements in exercise capacity into increases in daily physical activity. To maximise the likelihood of success, special attention is given in the programme to: (1) the Site Case Manager, with careful monitoring of programme delivery; (2) the patient, incorporating patient-evaluation/programme-evaluation measures to guide the Site Case Manager in the self-management intervention; and (3) quality assurance, to help identify and correct any problems or shortcomings in programme delivery and ensure the effectiveness of any corrective steps. This paper documents the comprehensive methods used to optimise and standardise the behaviour-change self-management programme used in the study to facilitate dialogue on the inclusion of this type of programme in multicentre studies.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the relevant Institutional Review Boards, Independent Ethics Committee and Competent Authority according to national and international regulations. The results of this study will be disseminated through relevant, peer-reviewed journals and international conference presentations.Trial registration number NCT02085161.
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- 2016
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9. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from Khulsan, Central Mongolia
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Napoli, James G., Ruebenstahl, Alexander, Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S., Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Norell, Mark A., American Museum of Natural History Library, Napoli, James G., Ruebenstahl, Alexander, Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S., Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), and Norell, Mark A.
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Classification ,Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Kuru kulla ,Mongolia ,Paleontology - Published
- 2021
10. A new dromaeosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Khulsan locality of Mongolia
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Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Montanari, Shaena A., Norell, Mark A., American Museum of Natural History Library, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Montanari, Shaena A., and Norell, Mark A.
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Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Mongolia ,Paleontology ,Reptiles, Fossil ,Shri devi - Published
- 2021
11. Pennaraptoran theropod dinosaurs : past progress and new frontiers
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Pittman, Michael, 1985, Xu, Xing, 1969, O'connor, Jingmai, Field, Daniel J., Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Ma, Waisum, Makovicky, Peter J., Tse, Edison, Norell, Mark A., Pei, Rui, Pol, Diego, 1974, GOLOBOFF,PABLO A, Ding, Anyang, Upchurch, Paul, Berv, Jacob S., Hsiang, Allison Y., Landis, Michael J., Dornburg, Alex, Nebreda, Sergio M., Navalón, Guillermo, Menéndez, Iris, Sigurdsen, Trond, Chiappe, Luis M., Marugán-Lobón, Jesús, Wang, Shuo, Stiegler, Josef, Wu, Ping, Zhong, Zhengming, Lautenschlager, Stephan, Meade, Luke E., Roy, Arindam, Rogers, Christopher S., Clements, Thomas, Habimana, Olivier, Martin, Peter, Vinther, Jakob, Heers, Ashley M., Serrano, Francisco J., Habib, Michael B., Dececchi, T. Alexander, Kaye, Thomas G., Larsson, Hans C.E., Wang, Xiaoli, Zheng, Xiaoting, Novas, Fernando E, Agnolin,Federico L., Egli, Federico Brisson, Lo Coco, Gastón E., American Museum of Natural History Library, Pittman, Michael, 1985, Xu, Xing, 1969, O'connor, Jingmai, Field, Daniel J., Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Ma, Waisum, Makovicky, Peter J., Tse, Edison, Norell, Mark A., Pei, Rui, Pol, Diego, 1974, GOLOBOFF,PABLO A, Ding, Anyang, Upchurch, Paul, Berv, Jacob S., Hsiang, Allison Y., Landis, Michael J., Dornburg, Alex, Nebreda, Sergio M., Navalón, Guillermo, Menéndez, Iris, Sigurdsen, Trond, Chiappe, Luis M., Marugán-Lobón, Jesús, Wang, Shuo, Stiegler, Josef, Wu, Ping, Zhong, Zhengming, Lautenschlager, Stephan, Meade, Luke E., Roy, Arindam, Rogers, Christopher S., Clements, Thomas, Habimana, Olivier, Martin, Peter, Vinther, Jakob, Heers, Ashley M., Serrano, Francisco J., Habib, Michael B., Dececchi, T. Alexander, Kaye, Thomas G., Larsson, Hans C.E., Wang, Xiaoli, Zheng, Xiaoting, Novas, Fernando E, Agnolin,Federico L., Egli, Federico Brisson, and Lo Coco, Gastón E.
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Birds ,Birds, Fossil ,Dinosaurs ,Evolution ,Flight ,Phylogeny - Published
- 2020
12. Field Guide to the Forest Trees of Uganda: For Identification and Conservation
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James Kalema, Alan Hamilton
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- 2020
13. Osteology of a North American goniopholidid (Eutretauranosuchus delfsi) and palate evolution in Neosuchia
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Pritchard, Adam C., 1987, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Allen, Eric R. (Eric Randall), Norell, Mark A., American Museum of Natural History Library, Pritchard, Adam C., 1987, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Allen, Eric R. (Eric Randall), and Norell, Mark A.
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Crocodylidae, Fossil ,Eutretauranosuchus delfsi ,Evolution ,Goniopholididae ,Jurassic ,Medicine Bow Region ,Morrison Formation ,Palate ,Paleontology ,Phylogeny ,Reptiles ,Reptiles, Fossil ,Wyoming - Published
- 2013
14. A small derived theropod from Öösh, early Cretaceous, Baykhangor Mongolia
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Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Hwang, Sunny H., Norell, Mark A., Mongolian-American Museum Paleontological Project, Mongolyn Shinzhlėkh Ukhaany Akademi, American Museum of Natural History Library, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Hwang, Sunny H., Norell, Mark A., Mongolian-American Museum Paleontological Project, and Mongolyn Shinzhlėkh Ukhaany Akademi
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Anatomy ,Bai︠a︡nkhongor Aĭmag ,Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Mongolia ,Paleontology ,Reptiles, Fossil ,Shanag ashile ,Skull - Published
- 2007
15. A new dromaeosaurid theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Ömnögov, Mongolia)
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Norell, Mark A., Clark, James Matthew, 1956, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Makovicky, Peter J., Barsbold, R. (Rincheniĭ), 1935, Rowe, Timothy, 1953, American Museum of Natural History Library, Norell, Mark A., Clark, James Matthew, 1956, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Makovicky, Peter J., Barsbold, R. (Rincheniĭ), 1935, and Rowe, Timothy, 1953
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Anatomy ,Coeluridae ,Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Mongolia ,Paleontology ,Phylogeny ,Reptiles, Fossil ,Skull ,Tsaagan mangas ,Ukhaa Tolgod - Published
- 2006
16. Endurance Time During Constant Work Rate Cycle Ergometry in COPD: Development of an Integrated Database From Interventional Studies
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Richard Casaburi, Debora Merrill, Thomas M. Dolmage, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Malin Fageras, Roger Goldstein, Gale Harding, Nancy Kline Leidy, François Maltais, Denis O’Donnell, Janos Porszasz, Luis Puente-Maestu, Stephen Rennard, Frank Sciurba, Martijn A. Spruit, Ruth Tal-Singer, Kay Tetzlaff, Alex van ’t Hul, Ren Yu, Alan Hamilton, Pulmonologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health
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clinical outcome assessment ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,bronchodilator ,Clinical Research ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,exercise endurance ,Respiratory ,patient-centric ,exercise training ,Lung ,Origianl Research ,Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18] - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The COPD Biomarkers Qualification Consortium (CBQC) was formed under COPD Foundation management, with the goal of qualifying biomarkers and clinical outcome assessments through established regulatory processes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Within CBQC, a working group evaluated opportunities for qualification of an exercise endurance measure. In a recent publication (Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9[2]:252-265), we described a conceptual framework establishing exercise endurance's direct relationship to an individual with COPD's experience of physical functioning in daily life, and that increase in exercise endurance is a patient-centered, meaningful treatment benefit. We further proposed endurance time during constant work rate cycle ergometery (CWRCE) as a useful efficacy endpoint in clinical therapeutic intervention trials. In this current publication, we describe the process of assembling an integrated database of endurance time responses to interventions in COPD.METHODS: We sought participant-level data from published studies incorporating CWRCE as an outcome measure. A literature search screened 2993 publications and identified 553 studies for assessment. Two interventions had sufficient data across studies to warrant data extraction: bronchodilators and rehabilitative exercise training. Investigators were contacted and requested to provide participant-by-participant data from their published studies.RESULTS: The final dataset included data from 8 bronchodilator studies (2166) participants and 15 exercise training studies (3488 participants). The database includes 71 variables per participant, comprising demographic, pulmonary function, and detailed physiologic response data. This paper provides a detailed description of the analysis population, while analysis supporting the validation/qualification process and addressing other scientific questions will be described in subsequent publications.
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- 2022
17. Umpire: A Reference Implementation of the Condensed Graph Model.
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Alan Hamilton, Alex Ferguson, and John Morrison
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- 2003
18. Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Patients with COPD : Recommendations from an International Task Force on Physical Activity
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Thierry Troosters, Anouk W. Vaes, Chris Burtin, Harry B. Rossiter, Anja Frei, Henrik Watz, Christopher B. Cooper, Alan Hamilton, Russell P. Bowler, Fabio Pitta, William D.-C. Man, Solange Corriol-Rohou, Divya Mohan, Stephen I. Rennard, Frank C. Sciurba, Richard Casaburi, Nicholas S Hopkinson, Matthew G. Heasley, Ruth Tal-Singer, Debora Merrill, Rob C. van Lummel, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Jeremy Wyatt, Carolyn L. Rochester, Heleen Demeyer, Michael I. Polkey, Milo A. Puhan, Martijn A. Spruit, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Chronic Lung Disease Biomarker, Niklas Karlsson, Sally J Singh, Marilyn L. Moy, Man, William/0000-0002-3782-659X, VOGIATZIS, IOANNIS/0000-0003-4830-7207, and Rossiter, Harry/0000-0002-7884-0726
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Standardization ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,INACTIVITY ,Physical activity ,B100 ,physical activity ,EXERCISE ,Review ,Cardiovascular ,OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Chronic Lung Disease Biomarker and Clinical Outcome Assessment Qualification Consortium Task Force on Physical Activity ,Clinical Research ,PEOPLE ,medicine ,In patient ,accelerometery ,Lung ,ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY ,standardization ,COPD ,Data collection ,business.industry ,Task force ,Prevention ,SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR ,methodology ,medicine.disease ,C600 ,Test (assessment) ,TIME ,B900 ,LUNG-FUNCTION ,DAILY-LIFE ,ACTIVITY MONITORS ,Respiratory ,Physical therapy ,business ,Standard operating procedure - Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is of key importance for health among healthy persons and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PA has multiple dimensions that can be assessed and quantified objectively using activity monitors. Moreover, as shown in the published literature, variable methodologies have been used to date to quantify PA among individuals with COPD, precluding clear comparisons of outcomes across studies. The present paper aims to provide a summary of the available literature for the rationale behind using objectively measured PA and proposes a standardized methodology for assessment, including standard operating procedures for future research. The present paper, therefore, describes the concept of PA, reports on the importance of PA, summarizes the dimensions of PA, provides a standard operating procedure on how to monitor PA using objective assessments, and describes the psychometric properties of objectively measured PA. The present international task force recommends implementation of the standard operating procedure for PA data collection and reporting in the future. This should further clarify the relationship between PA and clinical outcomes, test the impact of treatment interventions on PA in individuals with COPD, and successfully propose a PA endpoint for regulatory qualification in the future. ispartof: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION vol:8 issue:4 pages:528-550 ispartof: location:United States status: published
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- 2021
19. Predicting the rate of oxygen consumption during the 3-minute constant-rate stair stepping and shuttle tests in people with COPD
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Jean Bourbeau, Hayley Lewthwaite, Dennis Jensen, François Maltais, Emily M Koch, Magnus Ekström, Alan Hamilton, and Benoit Borel
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,COPD ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sports medicine ,business.industry ,Limits of agreement ,Pulmonary disease ,medicine.disease ,Mean difference ,03 medical and health sciences ,Constant rate ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Bayesian multivariate linear regression ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Metabolic demand ,business - Abstract
Background: The 3-minute constant-rate stair stepping (3-min CRSST) and constant-speed shuttle tests (3-min CSST) were developed to assess breathlessness in response to a standardized exercise stimulus. Estimating the rate of oxygen consumption (V'O2) during these tests would assist clinicians to relate the stepping/shuttle speeds that elicit breathlessness to daily physical activities with a similar metabolic demand. This study: (I) developed equations to estimate the V'O2 of these tests in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); and (II) compared the newly developed and American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) metabolic equations for estimating the V'O2 of these tests. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of people with COPD who completed a 3-min CRSST (n=98) or 3-min CSST (n=69). Multivariate linear regression estimated predictors (alpha
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- 2020
20. A Conceptual Framework for Use of Increased Endurance Time During Constant Work Rate Cycle Ergometry as a Patient-Focused Meaningful Outcome in COPD Clinical Trials
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Richard Casaburi, Debora D. Merrill, Gale Harding, Nancy K. Leidy, Harry B. Rossiter, Ruth Tal-Singer, and Alan Hamilton
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Perspective - Abstract
The Chronic Lung Disease Biomarker and Clinical Outcome Assessment Qualification Consortium (CBQC) evaluates the potential of biomarkers and outcome measures as drug development tools. Exercise endurance is an objective indicator of treatment benefit, closely related to daily physical function. Therefore, it is an ideal candidate for an outcome for drug development trials. Unfortunately, no exercise endurance measure is qualified by regulatory authorities for use in trials of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and no approved COPD therapies have claims of improving exercise endurance. Consequently, it has been challenging for developers to consider this outcome when designing clinical trials for new therapies. Endurance time during constant work rate cycle ergometry (CWRCE), performed on an electronically braked stationary cycle ergometer, provides an exercise endurance measure under standardized conditions. Baseline individualized work rate for each participant is set using an incremental test. During CWRCE the patient is encouraged to continue exercising for as long as possible. Although not required, physiological and sensory responses (e.g., pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, dyspnea ratings) are frequently collected to support interpretation of endurance time changes. Exercise tolerance limit is reached when the individual is limited by symptoms, unable to maintain pedaling cadence or unable to continue safely. At exercise cessation, exercise duration is recorded. An CWRCE endurance time increase from the pre-treatment baseline is proposed as a key efficacy endpoint in clinical trials. In COPD, improved exercise endurance has a direct relationship to the experience of physical functioning in daily life, which is a patient-centered, meaningful benefit.
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- 2022
21. Objectively Measured Physical Activity as a COPD Clinical Trial Outcome
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Rob C. van Lummel, Richard Casaburi, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Malin Fagerås, Ruth Tal-Singer, Alan Hamilton, Christopher B. Cooper, Harry B. Rossiter, Erin Tomaszewski, William D.-C. Man, Debora Merrill, Thierry Troosters, Henrik Watz, Frank C. Sciurba, Heleen Demeyer, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Solange Corriol-Rohou, Chris Burtin, Carolyn L. Rochester, Stephen I. Rennard, Anouk W. Vaes, Stefano Petruzzelli, Marilyn L. Moy, Martijn A. Spruit, Nicholas S Hopkinson, Divya Mohan, Sally J Singh, Pulmonologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,REHABILITATION ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,MEDLINE ,Psychological intervention ,B100 ,physical activity ,CBQC Task Force on Physical Activity ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE ,law.invention ,Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ,Randomized controlled trial ,systematic review ,Interquartile range ,law ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,COPD ,Humans ,Pulmonary rehabilitation ,PEDOMETER ,Exercise ,ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY ,TELEREHABILITATION ,WALKING PROGRAM ,business.industry ,SELF-EFFICACY ,medicine.disease ,C600 ,C900 ,Exercise Therapy ,Clinical trial ,LUNG-VOLUME REDUCTION ,Physical therapy ,Biomarker (medicine) ,KEY WORDS ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,INTERVENTION ,BEHAVIOR - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reduced physical activity is common in COPD and is associated with poor outcomes. Physical activity is therefore a worthy target for intervention in clinical trials; however, trials evaluating physical activity have used heterogeneous methods. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the available evidence on the efficacy and/or effectiveness of various interventions to enhance objectively measured physical activity in patients with COPD, taking into account the minimal preferred methodologic quality of physical activity assessment? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this narrative review, the COPD Biomarker Qualification Consortium (CBQC) task force searched three scientific databases for articles that reported the effect of an intervention on objectively measured physical activity in COPD. Based on scientific literature and expert consensus, only studies with ≥ 7 measurement days and ≥ 4 valid days of ≥ 8 h of monitoring were included in the primary analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-seven of 110 (34%) identified studies fulfilled the criteria, investigating the efficacy and/or effectiveness of physical activity behavior change programs (n = 7), mobile or electronic-health interventions (n = 9), rehabilitative exercise (n = 9), bronchodilation (n = 6), lung volume reduction procedures (n = 3), and other interventions (n = 3). Results are generally variable, reflecting the large differences in study characteristics and outcomes. Few studies show an increase beyond the proposed minimal important change of 600 to 1100 daily steps, indicating that enhancing physical activity levels is a challenge. INTERPRETATION: Only one-third of clinical trials measuring objective physical activity in people with COPD fulfilled the preset criteria regarding physical activity assessment. Studies showed variable effects on physical activity even when investigating similar interventions. ispartof: CHEST vol:160 issue:6 pages:2080-2100 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2021
22. Dose Determination for a Fixed-Dose Drug Combination: A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial for Tiotropium/Olodaterol Versus Tiotropium in Patients with COPD
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M. Reza Maleki-Yazdi, François Maltais, Alan Hamilton, and Florian Voß
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Vital capacity ,COPD ,business.industry ,Olodaterol ,Fixed-dose combination ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,humanities ,respiratory tract diseases ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,FEV1/FVC ratio ,chemistry ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Anesthesia ,Clinical endpoint ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Dosing ,business ,human activities - Abstract
During the clinical development of a fixed-dose combination of drugs, it is best practice to conduct dose-finding studies to determine the optimal dose of each component. The aims of this phase II dose-finding study were to confirm the lung function benefit of adding olodaterol to tiotropium, describe the dose–response relationship of olodaterol in combination with tiotropium 5 μg, and compare it with the dose response of olodaterol monotherapy. In this double-blind, parallel-group trial, patients were randomized to receive either tiotropium 5 μg or a fixed-dose combination of tiotropium 5 μg with olodaterol 2 μg, 5 μg, or 10 μg, delivered once daily via the Respimat® for 4 weeks (NCT00696020). Patients had a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ≥ 30 and
- Published
- 2019
23. The detailed clinical objectives approach to designing clinical trials and choosing estimands
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Oliver Sailer, Florian Voss, Alan Hamilton, and James Bell
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Pharmacology ,Statistics and Probability ,genetic structures ,Computer science ,Management science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Foundation (evidence) ,law.invention ,Clinical trial ,law ,Estimand ,Research Design ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,CLARITY ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Quality (business) ,media_common - Abstract
Objective setting is a necessary early step in the development of a clinical trial. ICH E9(R1) notes that the clinical objectives of a trial lead directly to the choice of estimands but barely discusses objectives themselves. Indeed, there is very little guidance anywhere in literature about objectives in clinical trials. This article identifies the substantial overlap between description of estimands and high quality definitions of objectives. It consequently shows that the estimand is decided by the precise choice of trial objective, and that therefore estimand decisions should be made at the objective level. The Detailed Clinical Objectives approach is proposed to support this. It emphasises clarity, specificity and a clinical focus when choosing and documenting objectives. Template text and examples are included to provide guidance on how it can be used in real trials. Finally, we describe objective-driven trial design, emphasising how strong objective setting establishes an important foundation for rigorous trial design discussions, logistical and operational decision-making during trial preparations, and clear communication of results and conclusions at the end of the trial. Highlighting the distinctions between objectives and estimands, we note how an objective-based framework can build on the ICH E9(R1) estimand framework to address many of its unanswered questions.
- Published
- 2021
24. Mechanisms associated with increased physical activity in patients undergoing self-management behaviour modification in the randomised PHYSACTO trial
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Maria Sedeno, Alan Hamilton, François Maltais, Dorothy De Sousa, Thierry Troosters, Kim L. Lavoie, Damijan Erzen, Jean Bourbeau, and Pei Zhi Li
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COPD ,Self-management ,business.industry ,Visual analogue scale ,Behaviour modification ,Olodaterol ,lcsh:R ,Increased physical activity ,lcsh:Medicine ,Original Articles ,Placebo ,medicine.disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,In patient ,sense organs ,business - Abstract
Introduction In this analysis of the PHYSACTO® study, we assessed the efficacy of a self-management behaviour modification (SMBM) programme to improve physical activity (PA) levels, and the extent to which effects were mediated by readiness to change, motivation and confidence. Methods PHYSACTO® was a randomised, partially double-blind, parallel-group, 12-week trial to evaluate the effects of treatment on exercise capacity and PA. COPD patients received placebo, tiotropium 5 µg or tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg, with or without exercise training, all with an SMBM intervention (the Living Well with COPD programme). Changes were assessed in readiness to change (stage of change visual analogue scale [VAS]), motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire [TSRQ]) and confidence (Perceived Competence Scale [PCS]) to engage in PA. Results PA was increased in all patients with complete PA data at Week 12 (n=262; +6038 steps·week−1, p, Self-management improves motivation and confidence to engage in physical activity in COPD patients in PHYSACTO https://bit.ly/2MKoPSy
- Published
- 2021
25. History and Future of Plants, Planet and People : Towards a New Ecologically Sustainable Age in People’s Relationships With Plants
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Alan Hamilton, Pei Shengji, Alan Hamilton, and Pei Shengji
- Abstract
This fascinating book presents the experiences and pooled knowledge of two very different conservation scientists; Pei Shengji from Sichuan, China and Alan Hamilton from London, UK. They have been drawn together over many years through working on some of the same conservation projects and have discovered that they overlap in their ideas about the sorts of work that needs to be done and how it can best be carried out. The book describes some of their own experiences, set within the contexts of their varied careers and the development of their thinking. Plant conservation is crucial to the preservation of natural ecosystems, but conventional approaches have met with only limited success. The authors have concluded that plant conservationists need social allies - elements of society that have other primary concerns, but whose efforts, if successful, will bring benefits to plant conservation too. It is the state and condition of plants on the ground that ultimately matter in conserving ecosystems, and therefore it is the role of local people who interact directly with them which enables success. Ethnobotany is a key skill required of practical plant conservationists. Its techniques enable them to explore connections between people and plants, learn about local perspectives and establish relationships with the people upon whom conservation and sustainable development relies. This book: recommends how to advance plant conservation, based on real experiences. will inspire more people to become involved in plant conservation. demonstrates how the very different backgrounds of the authors have influenced the courses of their careers, but have enabled them to come to very similar conclusions about conservation practice. demonstrates the importance of geographically-based biocultural diversity, as a counterbalancing force to globalisation.
- Published
- 2024
26. Optimizing baseline constant work rate exercise test duration for COPD bronchodilator studies
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Gale Harding, Harry B. Rossiter, Ren Yu, Debora Merrill, Alan Hamilton, Richard Casaburi, Danielle Rodriguez, and Nichloas Locantore
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COPD ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.disease ,Test duration ,Long acting bronchodilator ,Sample size determination ,Bronchodilator ,Internal medicine ,Cohort ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Constant work rate ,business ,Baseline (configuration management) - Abstract
Constant work rate (CWR) cycle ergometer testing has been used to evaluate long acting bronchodilator effects (BD) on exercise tolerance. It is recommended that baseline CWR duration be restricted to between 3 and 8 min. We evaluated this recommendation using a database assembled by the COPD Biomarker Qualification Consortium (CBQC). 8 published studies yielded 1349 COPD patient (FEV1=49±14 %pred.) responses studying effects of ~6 wks of BD on CWR duration in tests performed at 75-80% of peak incremental WR. Figure shows a wide range of baseline durations (left); for tests >11 min, duration increase (center) declines and SD (right) increases. Table shows responses for all subjects, those restricted to 3-8 min and to 2-11 min. Also shown is sample size needed in a trial for a cohort with these characteristics and % of subjects requiring re-testing at an altered WR to achieve the desired range. Restricting baseline duration range greatly decreases sample size required. The 2-11 min limit, compared to the 3-8 min limit, yields a much lower fraction of subjects needing repeat tests. A 2-11 min baseline duration limit is proposed for future BD studies.
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- 2020
27. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests
- Author
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Bruno Herault, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Jean-François Bastin, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Martin Dančák, Matt Bradford, Frans Bongers, Stuart J. Davies, Reuben Nilus, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Lip Khoon Kho, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Joey Talbot, Richard F. Preziosi, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, José Luís Camargo, Terese B. Hart, Juliana Schietti, Peter S. Ashton, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ophelia Wang, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Amy C. Bennett, Janvier Lisingo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Jérôme Chave, Connie J. Clark, Christopher Baraloto, Gerardo Aymard, Serge K. Begne, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Timothy R. Baker, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Julie Peacock, Hermann Taedoumg, Simon L. Lewis, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Greta C. Dargie, Murielle Simo-Droissart, David Harris, Faizah Metali, Hans ter Steege, Richard Lowe, Géraldine Derroire, Benoit Burban, Camila Silva Valeria, Martin Svátek, Wannes Hubau, Sarah A. Batterman, Vincent A. Vos, Elizabeth Kearsley, Peter M. Umunay, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hans Verbeeck, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, John R. Poulsen, Simon Willcock, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jean-Louis Doucet, Foster Brown, Yadvinder Malhi, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Ronald Vernimmen, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Martin Gilpin, Colin R. Maycock, Carlos Cerón, Radim Hédl, Oliver L. Phillips, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roderick Zagt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Pascal Boeckx, Roel J. W. Brienen, Marcelo F. Simon, Keith C. Hamer, Alberto Vicentini, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Clément Stahl, Javier Silva Espejo, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Erika Berenguer, Pieter A. Zuidema, Vianet Mihindou, Murray Collins, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Terry Brncic, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Paulo S. Morandi, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, William E. Magnusson, Lilian Blanc, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nicholas J. Berry, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Luzmila Arroyo, Douglas Sheil, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Sean C. Thomas, Eric Arets, Ernest G. Foli, Lola da Costa, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Lan Qie, James Singh, Lise Zemagho, Agustín Rudas, Richard B. Primack, Jan Reitsma, Annette Hladik, Alexander K. Koch, Colin A. Pendry, Walter A. Palacios, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Nicolas Labrière, Fernando Elias, Eric Chezeaux, William Milliken, Manuel Gloor, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Jefferson S. Hall, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Susan G. Laurance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marcos Silveira, Carolina V. Castilho, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kamariah Abu Salim, Joeri A. Zwerts, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Jos Barlow, Georgia Pickavance, Joice Ferreira, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Jorcely Barroso, Andrew R. Marshall, Miguel Alexiades, Lindsay F. Banin, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Rafael Herrera, Hans Beeckman, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Michelle Kalamandeen, Adriana Prieto, Ben Hur Marimon, Casimiro Mendoza, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Vincent Droissart, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Hannah L. Mossman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Aurélie Dourdain, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Bente B. Klitgaard, James Taplin, Damien Bonal, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jason Vleminckx, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Verginia Wortel, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Toby R. Marthews, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Andrew Ford, Niro Higuchi, Aida Cuni Sanchez, Aline Pontes Lopes, Laszlo Nagy, John Pipoly, Lee J. T. White, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, European Research Council, European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, National Geographic Society, Centre for International Forestry Research, Agence Nationale Des Parcs Nationaux (Gabon), University of Leeds, Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Edinburgh, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] (INPE), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Sch Geosci, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Biodiversité et Paysage, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Woods Hole Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Rougier Gabon, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), AgroParisTech, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université de Liège, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Milieux Désordonnés et Hétérogènes (LMDH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Commissariat général du Plan (CGP), Premier ministre, Instituto Nacional de Pequisas da Amazônia, Instituto National de Pequisas da Amazonia Brazil, Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, BP 30 379 Libreville, Gabon, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], James Cook University (JCU), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), University of Mary Washington, Chercheur indépendant, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Forest Research Centre (FRC), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Bur Waarderburg, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, CarboForExpert, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Stirling, Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Animal Ecology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Ecology, and Systems Ecology
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Tropical trees ,Hot Temperature ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Earth, Planet ,Climate ,Acclimatization ,Tropical forest carbon stocks ,Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Growth ,Forests ,Atmospheric sciences ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,01 natural sciences ,Trees ,Tropical climate ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Forest and Landscape Ecology ,Biomass ,Photosynthesis ,Hectare ,Productivity ,Biomass (ecology) ,Multidisciplinary ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,PE&RC ,Wood ,Productivity (ecology) ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,C180 Ecology ,Tree ,Leaf Respiration ,Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks ,Climate Change ,Climate change and forestry ,Climate change ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Carbon cycle ,Carbon Cycle ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Life Science ,Bosecologie en Bosbeheer ,Vegetatie ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Tropical Climate ,Vegetation ,Global warming ,Tropics ,15. Life on land ,Forest Ecology and Forest Management ,Carbon ,CO₂ Fertilization ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Acclimation - Abstract
The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate., Our plot monitoring networks havebeen supported by multiple grants from a large number of funding bodies: European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; European Union’s Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Framework Programme; Royal Society, Leverhulme Trust; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Geographic Society; Centre for International Forestry; and Gabon’s National Park Agency.
- Published
- 2020
28. Field guide to the forest trees of Uganda: for identification and conservation
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James Kalema and Alan Hamilton
- Published
- 2020
29. Degradable 3D-Printed Hydrogels Based on Star-Shaped Copolypeptides
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Charles Alan Hamilton, David P. Walsh, Robert Murphy, Sally-Ann Cryan, Marc in het Panhuis, and Andreas Heise
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Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Glutamic Acid ,Bioengineering ,Biodegradable Plastics ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biomaterials ,Hydrophobic effect ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phase (matter) ,Amphiphile ,Materials Chemistry ,Copolymer ,Animals ,Hydrogels ,Valine ,3T3 Cells ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Acrylamide ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,Self-healing hydrogels ,Extrusion ,Peptides ,0210 nano-technology ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ,Microfabrication - Abstract
We present a star copolypeptide-based hydrogel ink capable of structural microfabrication using 3D extrusion printing. The material comprises an amphiphilic block copolymer structure of poly(benzyl-l-glutamate)- b-oligo(l-valine), which spontaneously forms hydrogels through hydrophobic interactions. The chemical design allows the bulk phase of the hydrogel to remain intact after application of shear due to its self-recovery behavior. It is demonstrated that the composition of the materials is ideally suited for 3D printing with scaffolds capable of maintaining structural cohesion after extrusion. Post extrusion UV-triggered fixation of the printed structures is carried out, resulting in stable hydrogel constructs. The constructs were found to be degradable, exhibited favorable release of encapsulated molecular cargo, and do not appear to affect the metabolic health of the commonly used fibroblastic cell line Balb/3T3 in the absence of the reactive diluent N, N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). The star copolypeptide inks allow for rapid prototyping enabling the fabrication of defined intricate microstructures, providing a platform for complex scaffold development that would otherwise be unattainable with other processing techniques such as molding or casting.
- Published
- 2018
30. Palynological evidence for abrupt climatic cooling in equatorial Africa at about 43,000–40,000 cal BP
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Alan Hamilton and David Taylor
- Subjects
Palynology ,010506 paleontology ,geography ,Rift ,Pollen zone ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Drainage basin ,Paleontology ,Vegetation ,Sedimentary basin ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Sequence (geology) ,Pollen ,medicine ,Physical geography ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The same basal sequence of two pollen zones is found in three previously published pollen diagrams for widely separated sites situated along highlands adjacent to the Albertine Rift in equatorial Africa. Here evidence is presented that is supportive of the hypothesis that the transition between the zones was contemporaneous at all sites and dates to about 43,000–40,000 cal BP. Environmental interpretation of the sequence indicates that there was a major fall in temperature, depressed temperature thereafter persisting until the transition to the postglacial at 14,000–11,500 cal BP. The climate also became drier. Well-dated sediments of this age are rare in equatorial Africa, so comparisons are scarce. However, there is some evidence from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania, of a similar climatic event at about the same time. Farther afield, there is good evidence for abrupt climatic deterioration at ~ 40,000 cal BP in western Eurasia, where there was accompanying cultural change. Sedimentary basins along the Albertine Rift-margin highlands are especially well suited for palynologically-based investigations of past temperatures. Their relatively well-defined catchment areas result in reduced inputs of pollen derived from vegetation growing under different climatic conditions.
- Published
- 2018
31. 3D printing Vegemite and Marmite: Redefining 'breadboards'
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Marc in het Panhuis, Charles Alan Hamilton, and Gursel Alici
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0301 basic medicine ,3d printed ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Food industry ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Food item ,3D printing ,Nanotechnology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Breadboard ,040401 food science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Process engineering ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
The ability to use Food Layered Manufacturing (FLM) to fabricate attractive food presentations and incorporate additives that can alter texture, nutrition, color, and flavor have made it widely investigated for combatting various issues in the food industry. For a food item to be FLM compatible, it must possess suitable rheological properties to allow for its extrusion and to keep its 3D printed structure. Here, we present a rheological analysis of two commercially available breakfast spreads, Vegemite and Marmite, and show their compatibility with FLM in producing 3D structures onto bread substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these materials can be used to fabricate attractive food designs that can be used for educational activities. The inherent conductivity of the breakfast spreads was used to print edible circuits onto a “breadboard.”
- Published
- 2018
32. Vital roles for ethnobotany in conservation and sustainable development
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Pei, Shengji, primary, Alan, Hamilton, additional, and Wang, Yuhua, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A small derived theropod from Öösh, early Cretaceous, Baykhangor Mongolia
- Author
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Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Hwang, Sunny H., Norell, Mark A., Mongolian-American Museum Paleontological Project, Mongolyn Shinzhlėkh Ukhaany Akademi, American Museum of Natural History Library, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Hwang, Sunny H., Norell, Mark A., Mongolian-American Museum Paleontological Project, and Mongolyn Shinzhlėkh Ukhaany Akademi
- Subjects
Anatomy ,Bai︠a︡nkhongor Aĭmag ,Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Mongolia ,Paleontology ,Reptiles, Fossil ,Shanag ashile ,Skull
34. A new dromaeosaurid theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Ömnögov, Mongolia)
- Author
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Norell, Mark A., Clark, James Matthew, 1956, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Makovicky, Peter J., Barsbold, R. (Rincheniĭ), 1935, Rowe, Timothy, 1953, American Museum of Natural History Library, Norell, Mark A., Clark, James Matthew, 1956, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Makovicky, Peter J., Barsbold, R. (Rincheniĭ), 1935, and Rowe, Timothy, 1953
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Anatomy ,Coeluridae ,Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Mongolia ,Paleontology ,Phylogeny ,Reptiles, Fossil ,Skull ,Tsaagan mangas ,Ukhaa Tolgod
35. Pennaraptoran theropod dinosaurs : past progress and new frontiers
- Author
-
Pittman, Michael, 1985, Xu, Xing, 1969, O'Connor, Jingmai, Field, Daniel J., Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Ma, Waisum, Makovicky, Peter J., Tse, Edison, Norell, Mark A., Pei, Rui, Pol, Diego, 1974, Goloboff, Pablo A., Ding, Anyang, Upchurch, Paul, Berv, Jacob S., Hsiang, Allison Y., Landis, Michael J., Dornburg, Alex, Nebreda, Sergio M., Navalón, Guillermo, Menéndez, Iris, Sigurdsen, Trond, Chiappe, Luis M., Marugán-Lobón, Jesús, Wang, Shuo, Stiegler, Josef, Wu, Ping, Zhong, Zhengming, Lautenschlager, Stephan, Meade, Luke E., Roy, Arindam, Rogers, Christopher S., Clements, Thomas, Habimana, Olivier, Martin, Peter, Vinther, Jakob, Heers, Ashley M., Serrano, Francisco J., Habib, Michael B., Dececchi, T. Alexander, Kaye, Thomas G., Larsson, Hans C.E., Wang, Xiaoli, Zheng, Xiaoting, Novas, Fernando E, Agnolín, Federico L., Egli, Federico Brisson, Lo Coco, Gastón E., American Museum of Natural History Library, Pittman, Michael, 1985, Xu, Xing, 1969, O'Connor, Jingmai, Field, Daniel J., Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Ma, Waisum, Makovicky, Peter J., Tse, Edison, Norell, Mark A., Pei, Rui, Pol, Diego, 1974, Goloboff, Pablo A., Ding, Anyang, Upchurch, Paul, Berv, Jacob S., Hsiang, Allison Y., Landis, Michael J., Dornburg, Alex, Nebreda, Sergio M., Navalón, Guillermo, Menéndez, Iris, Sigurdsen, Trond, Chiappe, Luis M., Marugán-Lobón, Jesús, Wang, Shuo, Stiegler, Josef, Wu, Ping, Zhong, Zhengming, Lautenschlager, Stephan, Meade, Luke E., Roy, Arindam, Rogers, Christopher S., Clements, Thomas, Habimana, Olivier, Martin, Peter, Vinther, Jakob, Heers, Ashley M., Serrano, Francisco J., Habib, Michael B., Dececchi, T. Alexander, Kaye, Thomas G., Larsson, Hans C.E., Wang, Xiaoli, Zheng, Xiaoting, Novas, Fernando E, Agnolín, Federico L., Egli, Federico Brisson, and Lo Coco, Gastón E.
- Subjects
Birds ,Birds, Fossil ,Dinosaurs ,Evolution ,Flight ,Phylogeny
36. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from Khulsan, Central Mongolia
- Author
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Napoli, James G., Ruebenstahl, Alexander, Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S., Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Norell, Mark A., American Museum of Natural History Library, Napoli, James G., Ruebenstahl, Alexander, Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S., Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), and Norell, Mark A.
- Subjects
Classification ,Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Kuru kulla ,Mongolia ,Paleontology
37. Osteology of a North American goniopholidid (Eutretauranosuchus delfsi) and palate evolution in Neosuchia. (American Museum novitates, no. 3783)
- Author
-
Allen, Eric R. (Eric Randall), Norell, Mark, Pritchard, Adam C., 1987, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), American Museum of Natural History Library, Allen, Eric R. (Eric Randall), Norell, Mark, Pritchard, Adam C., 1987, and Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton)
- Subjects
Crocodylidae, Fossil ,Eutretauranosuchus delfsi ,Goniopholididae ,Medicine Bow Region (Wyo.) ,Morrison Formation ,Palate ,Wyoming
38. A new dromaeosaurid theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Ömnögov, Mongolia) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3545
- Author
-
Barsbold, Rinchin, Clark, James Matthew, 1956, Makovicky, Peter J., Norell, Mark, Rowe, Timothy, 1953, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), American Museum of Natural History Library, Barsbold, Rinchin, Clark, James Matthew, 1956, Makovicky, Peter J., Norell, Mark, Rowe, Timothy, 1953, and Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton)
- Subjects
Anatomy ,Coeluridae ,Cretaceous ,Dromaeosauridae ,Mongolia ,Paleontology ,Phylogeny ,Reptiles, Fossil ,Skull ,Tsaagan mangas ,Ukhaa Tolgod
39. A large alvarezsaurid from the late Cretaceous of Mongolia. (American Museum novitates, no. 3648)
- Author
-
Nesbitt, Sterling J., Norell, Mark, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), American Museum of Natural History Library, Nesbitt, Sterling J., Norell, Mark, and Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton)
- Subjects
Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Kol ghuva ,Mongolia ,Ukhaa Tolgod
40. A small derived theropod from Öösh, early Cretaceous, Baykhangor Mongolia ; American Museum novitates, no. 3557
- Author
-
Hwang, Sunny H., Mongolian-American Museum Paleontological Project, Mongolyn Shinzhlėkh Ukhaany Akademi, Norell, Mark, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), American Museum of Natural History Library, Hwang, Sunny H., Mongolian-American Museum Paleontological Project, Mongolyn Shinzhlėkh Ukhaany Akademi, Norell, Mark, and Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton)
- Subjects
Anatomy ,Ba�i�ankhongor A�imag ,Cretaceous ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Mongolia ,Paleontology ,Reptiles, Fossil ,Shanag ashile ,Skull
41. A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 371)
- Author
-
Makovicky, Peter J., Norell, Mark, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), American Museum of Natural History Library, Makovicky, Peter J., Norell, Mark, and Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton)
- Subjects
Birds ,Birds, Fossil ,Dromaeosauridae ,Saurischia
42. Morphology of the late Cretaceous crocodylomorph Shamosuchus djadochtaensis and a discussion of neosuchian phylogeny as related to the origin of Eusuchia. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 324)
- Author
-
Norell, Mark, Pol, Diego, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), American Museum of Natural History Library, Norell, Mark, Pol, Diego, and Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton)
- Subjects
Cretaceous ,Crocodilians, Fossil ,Mongolia ,Shamosuchus djadochtaensis
43. The osteology of Balaur bondoc, an island-dwelling dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the late Cretaceous of Romania. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 374)
- Author
-
Brusatte, Stephen, Csiki-Sava, Zoltán, Erickson, Gregory M., Norell, Mark, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Vremir, Mátyás, Watanabe, Akinobu, 1987, American Museum of Natural History Library, Brusatte, Stephen, Csiki-Sava, Zoltán, Erickson, Gregory M., Norell, Mark, Turner, Alan H. (Alan Hamilton), Vremir, Mátyás, and Watanabe, Akinobu, 1987
- Subjects
Balaur ,Balaur bondoc ,Dinosaurs ,Dromaeosauridae ,Hațeg Region (Hunedoara, Romania) ,Island animals ,Romania ,Sebeș Region (Romania)
44. A natural yellow colorant from Buddleja officinalis for dyeing hemp fabric
- Author
-
Rong Yang, Alan Hamilton, Aizhong Liu, Haoyun Sun, Xiuxiang Yan, Liya Hong, Shengji Pei, and Lixin Yang
- Subjects
biology ,Chemistry ,Rosin ,Mordant ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pigment ,visual_art ,Officinalis ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,medicine ,Chaenomeles speciosa ,Dyeing ,Buddleja officinalis ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Natural dye ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Natural dyes are more eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes. This research focuses on natural dyes and improved dye craft using plants employed by various ethnic groups in Southwestern China. In this study, we assessed the suitability of dried extracts from Buddleja officinalis flowers for dyeing hemp fabric. and valuated indicators including color strength (K/S), color characteristics, and fastness properties in response to washing, rubbing, and perspiration using metallic and natural mordants under pre-, post-, and simultaneous mordanting conditions. Specifically, we investigated the pigment compound crocin by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy analysis before using it to dye hemp fabric. Optimum dyeing conditions including staining temperature, staining duration, and pH have been identified using an orthogonal array experimental design. Optimum results were achieved when dyeing at pH 5, and at 60 °C for 90 min. Hemp fabric dyed without mordant had a shade of yellowness, while fabric mordanted with gum rosin, plant ash, KAl(SO4)2, and Chaenomeles speciosa had a variety of pale to dark yellowness color shades. A darker yellow–green color shade was obtained with FeSO4 mordant. The color change of washing fastness was mostly very poor, while the color stain of washing and perspiration fastness were good to excellent, and rubbing fastness was also good to excellent. The color fastness was kept and improved by the three natural mordants, especially gum rosin and plant ash, but reduced by FeSO4. Those results show that the use of aqueous extract from B. officinalis flowers combined with natural mordants represents a promising approach for textile dyeing, revealing an alternative method that could improve and extend the dyeing properties of this indigenous dye plant. In addition, our findings lay the foundation for further basic studies and demonstrate the utility of preserving natural dye plants, along with the related traditional knowledge of indigenous groups in Yunnan, China.
- Published
- 2021
45. Effects of bronchodilator therapy and exercise training, added to a self-management behaviour-modification programme, on physical activity in COPD
- Author
-
Maria Sedeno, Damijan Erzen, D De Sousa, Thierry Troosters, François Maltais, Lawrence Korducki, Kim L. Lavoie, Wim Janssens, Nancy Kline Leidy, Jean Bourbeau, and Alan Hamilton
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COPD ,Self-management ,Behaviour modification ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,Physical activity ,Physiology ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Bronchodilator ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business - Published
- 2017
46. Investigation into the physiology of the lymphocyte
- Author
-
Cruickshank, Alan Hamilton
- Subjects
612.4 - Published
- 1942
47. The Suitability of 3-D Printed Eutectic Gallium-Indium Alloy as a Heating Element for Thermally Active Hydrogels
- Author
-
Marc in het Panhuis, Charles Alan Hamilton, Gursel Alici, and Geoffrey M. Spinks
- Subjects
Materials science ,Heating element ,Mechanical Engineering ,Alloy ,Soft robotics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Self-healing hydrogels ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Extrusion ,Gallium ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Indium ,Eutectic system - Abstract
We report the use of a novel extrusion tip that allows for the omnidirectional printing of eutectic gallium-indium (eGaIn) alloy onto the surface of hydrogel materials into complex 2-dimensional patterns. The use of these printed soft “wires” as an electrothermal heating element for soft robotics purposes was explored. Heating of the eGaIn structures encapsulated in an alginate/acrylamide ionic-covalent entanglement hydrogel was measured by a thermal imaging camera. It was determined that eGaIn is a suitable material for use in future soft robotics applications as an electrothermal heating element to actuate thermally responsive N-isoproylacrylamide hydrogels.
- Published
- 2016
48. Behavioural interventions targeting physical activity improve psychocognitive outcomes in COPD
- Author
-
Maria Sedeno, Thierry Troosters, Kim L. Lavoie, Pei-Zhi Li, Dorothy De Sousa, Alan Hamilton, Jean Bourbeau, and François Maltais
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychological intervention ,lcsh:Medicine ,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ,Placebo ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,COPD ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Olodaterol ,lcsh:R ,Montreal Cognitive Assessment ,Cognition ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,030228 respiratory system ,chemistry ,Physical therapy ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
This study explored the impact of a self-management behaviour modification (SMBM) programme with/without bronchodilators and with/without exercise training (ExT) to improve daily physical activity on psychological and cognitive outcomes in COPD patients as a secondary analysis of the PHYSACTO trial. A 12-week, four-group, randomised, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of SMBM in addition to tiotropium 5 µg, tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg, tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg plus ExT, or placebo was conducted in 304 patients. Outcomes included anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-A), depression (HADS-D and Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)). All outcomes showed statistically and clinically significant improvements after 12 weeks independent of treatment group. However, greater improvements in HADS-A and MoCA were seen in patients who exhibited greater increases in physical activity and exercise capacity, respectively, whereas greater improvements in HADS-D and PHQ-9 were seen in patients who exhibited increases in either physical activity or exercise capacity. The results indicate that SMBM with/without bronchodilators or ExT was associated with improved psychological and cognitive functioning. Anxiety reduced with increased physical activity, cognitive function improved with increased exercise capacity, and depression reduced with increases in either physical activity or exercise capacity. Interventions that increase daily physical activity or exercise capacity may improve psychological and cognitive outcomes in COPD., Behavioural modification adjunct to bronchodilator therapy and exercise training to increase exercise capacity and physical activity can also be beneficial for improving anxiety, cognitive function and depression in patients with COPD http://bit.ly/33ZufNM
- Published
- 2019
49. Late Breaking Abstract - Objective physical activity as a clinical trial outcome in patients with COPD: a view on the literature from a task force of experts in the field
- Author
-
Frank C. Sciurba, Debora Merrill, William D.-C. Man, Heleen Demeyer, Anouk W. Vaes, Stefano Petruzzelli, Malin Fagerås, Stephen I. Rennard, Martijn A. Spruit, Thierry Troosters, Norbert Metzdorf, Chris Burtin, Divya Mohan, Ruth Tal-Singer, Alan Hamilton, and Richard Casaburi
- Subjects
Clinical trial ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COPD ,Task force ,business.industry ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Physical activity ,In patient ,medicine.disease ,business ,Outcome (game theory) - Published
- 2019
50. Predictors of low endurance time in constant work rate cycle testing in COPD
- Author
-
Martijn A. Spruit, Gale Harding, Richard Casaburi, Ren Yu, Harry B. Rossiter, Alan Hamilton, Nicholas Locantore, Debora Merrill, and Danielle Rodriguez
- Subjects
COPD ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Copd patients ,Work rate ,medicine.disease ,Incremental exercise ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Constant work rate ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Duration (project management) ,business ,Baseline (configuration management) ,Exercise duration - Abstract
The COPD Biomarker Qualification Consortium (CBQC) is a collaboration of industry and academia, managed by the COPD Foundation. CBQC seeks to qualify biomarkers and clinical outcome assessments through defined regulatory processes. Constant work rate (CWR) cycle ergometry is a sensitive method to discern responses to interventions. A patient-level database was developed from 23 published studies involving 5,853 COPD patients. CWR exercise was performed at an individualized work rate following an incremental exercise test (IET). Expert opinion holds that baseline tests of 3-8 min duration are desirable. A widely utilized strategy is to select baseline CWR at 75-80% of peak work rate (PWR) in the preceding IET. We sought to determine whether refinement of this procedure may increase likelihood of achieving desired exercise duration. Of 4,963 tests performed at 74-81% PWR, 19.6% had duration 8 min. By plotting the mean value (±SD) of several baseline variables as a function of baseline CWR duration, we determined that duration 8 min emerged. Adjustment to reduce baseline work rate in subjects with these characteristics may increase likelihood of eliciting exercise durations within the desired 3-8 min range.
- Published
- 2019
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