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Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has attracted considerable attention since its recent endorsement by the Food and Drug Administration, as it has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic modality within the landscape of oncology. This study explores the prognostic utility of [ 18 F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([ 18 F]FDG PET) in lymphoma patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy. Through meta-analysis, pooled hazard ratio (HR) values were calculated for specific PET metrics in this context., Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid databases were explored to search for relevant topics. Dataset retrieval from inception until March 12, 2024, was carried out. The primary endpoints were impact of specific PET metrics on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) before and after treatment. Data from the studies were extracted for a meta-analysis using Stata 17.0., Results: Out of 27 studies identified for systematic review, 15 met the criteria for meta-analysis. Baseline OS analysis showed that total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) had the highest HR of 2.66 (95% CI: 1.52-4.66), followed by Total-body total lesion glycolysis (TTLG) at 2.45 (95% CI: 0.98-6.08), and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) at 1.30 (95% CI: 0.77-2.19). TMTV and TTLG were statistically significant ( p < 0.0001), whereas SUVmax was not ( p = 0.33). For PFS, TMTV again showed the highest HR at 2.65 (95% CI: 1.63-4.30), with TTLG at 2.35 (95% CI: 1.40-3.93), and SUVmax at 1.48 (95% CI: 1.08-2.04), all statistically significant ( p ≤ 0.01). The ΔSUVmax was a significant predictor for PFS with an HR of 2.05 (95% CI: 1.13-3.69, p = 0.015)., Conclusion: [ 18 F]FDG PET parameters are valuable prognostic tools for predicting outcome of lymphoma patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Al-Ibraheem, Abdlkadir, Al-Adhami, Sathekge, Bom, Ma’koseh, Mansour, Abdel-Razeq, Al-Rabi, Estrada-Lobato, Al-Hussaini, Matalka, Abdel Rahman and Fanti.)

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer is on the rise worldwide, with childhood exposure to radiation being the sole acknowledged catalyst for its emergence. Nonetheless, numerous other factors that may pose risks are awaiting thorough examination and validation. This retrospective study aims to explore the malignancies linked to thyroid cancer and contrast the survival rates of those afflicted with a solitary tumor versus those with multiple primary neoplasms (MPN)., Methods: This retrospective study examined data from King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Jordan. Among 563 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer, 30 patients had thyroid malignancy as part of MPN. For a 1:3 propensity score-matched analysis, 90 patients with only a primary thyroid malignancy were also enrolled., Results: Hematologic and breast malignancies were among the most frequent observed cancers alongside thyroid neoplasm. Patients who had MPN were diagnosed at older age, had higher body mass index and presented with higher thyroglobulin antibody levels ( p < 0.05 for each). Additionally, MPN patient displayed a stronger family history for cancers ( p = 0.002). A median follow-up duration of 135 months unveiled that MPN patients faced a worse 5-year survival compared to their counterparts with a singular neoplasm (87% vs 100% respectively; p < 0.01). However, no distinction emerged in the 5-year event-free survival between these two groups., Conclusion: MPN correlates with a significantly altered survival outcome of thyroid cancer patients. The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma at an older age, accompanied by elevated initial thyroglobulin antibody levels and a notable familial predisposition, may raise concerns about the potential occurrence of synchronous or metachronous tumors., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Al-Ibraheem, Abdlkadir, Al-Adhami, Lopci, Al-Omari, Al-Masri, Yousef, Al-Hajaj, Mohamad, Singer and Sykiotis.)

DTC accounts for the majority of endocrine tumors. While the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing globally over the past few decades, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) generally shows an excellent prognosis, except in cases with aggressive clinicopathological features. This study aimed to assess the 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 528 Arabic patients diagnosed with primary DTC from 1998 to 2021. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the impact of various factors on both OS and PFS. An univariable survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves. The 5- and 10-year OS for patients with DTC have exceeded 95%. Additionally, PFS showed very good rates (ranging between 96.5 and 85% at 5 and 10 years, respectively). Age, male gender, risk of recurrence, and distant metastasis were identified as the main negative prognostic factors for both OS and PFS, while RAI treatment was found to be a significant factor in improving OS. Moreover, adherence to the King Hussein Cancer Center's (KHCC) CPG demonstrated significant improvement in PFS. These findings highlight common prognostic factors and favorable outcomes in Arabic patients with DTC treated at a tertiary cancer center using standard of care approaches.

Molecular imaging is an important tool for evaluating patients with prostate cancer, including those with hybrid histopathology. Although rare, mixed small neuroendocrine tumor/acinar adenocarcinoma exhibit aggressive behavior that necessitates optimal therapy. Molecular imaging has been implemented previously to assess radioligand therapy eligibility in such cases. Interestingly, the uptake of radiotracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and somatostatin receptor may be reduced and can potentially lead to false negative readings in certain tumor types with hybrid features. Therefore, physicians should be aware of different kinds of disparities when assessing these tumor types with the aforementioned modalities., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestAkram Al-Ibraheem, Dhuha Ali Al-Adhami, Ahmed Saad Abdlkadir, Nabeela Al-Hajaj, Rami Ghanem, Ramiz Abu-Hijlih, and Samer Salah declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine 2023.)