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Amaç: Ülkemizdeyabani mantarların bilinçsizce gıda olarak tüketilmesi ve zehirli mantartürlerinin zehirsiz türlerden ayrılamamasından dolayı mantar zehirlenmelerigörülmektedir. Bu yazıda hastanemize başvurmuş mantar zehirlenmesi vakalarınındemografik ve klinik verilerini, hastanede yatış süreleri ile ciddikomplikasyonları ve mortaliteyi değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Materyal ve Metod: Bu retrospektif bir kayıt değerlendirme çalışması olup, ***** Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’ne son 5yıllık dönemde mantar yedikten sonra çeşitli semtomlarla başvurmuş yetişkinhastalar değerlendirildi. Hastaların klinik özellikleri, tedavileri ve varsakomplikasyonları değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Toplam 19 hasta tespit edilmiş olup, 7(%36,8)’si erkek (yaş ortalamaları 38,2±2.16 yıl), 12 (%63,1)’si kadın (yaş ortalamaları 43,1±3,31 yıl) idi. Hastaneye başvurumevsimlerini incelediğimizde 3 (%15,8)’ü kış aylarında, 8 (42,1)’ i sonbaharaylarında ve 8 (42,1)’ i ilkbahar aylarında başvurmuştu. En sık başvuruşikayetleri; bulantı, kusma, ishal, karın ağrısı, halsizlik, baş dönmesi,sersemlik ve terleme idi. Hastaların % 52,6’sınde sadece semptomatik tedaviyapılmış olup yatış süresi bir günden azdı. Dördünde(%21,05) karaciğer fonksiyon testlerinde yükseklik mevcuttu. Bunların ikisindekaraciğer fonksiyon testlerinde 5 kattan az yükseklik olup takiplerinde hepsinormale gelmişti. Diğer ikisinde 20 kattan fazla karaciğer enzimlerindeyükseklik mevcuttu ve protrombin zamanı uzamıştı. Birine yüksek doz kristalizepenisilin ve silibin tedavisi uygulanmış, diğeri de hastanemizde yerbulunmadığı için başka merkeze yönlendirilmişti.Sonuç: Mantar zehirlenmeleri sıklıkla kadınlarda ve bahar aylarındagörülüp, erken dönemde (ilk 6 saat içinde) belirti veren mantar zehirlenmelerindeprognoz genellikle iyi ve semptomatik tedavi yeterli olmaktadır. Ancak bazıhastaların takiplerinde hepatotoksisite, nefrotoksisite gibi hayatı tehditedici durumlar gelişmektedir. Bu yüzden hastalar yakından takip edilmelidir., Objectives:Mushroom poisoning is seen in our country due to the fact that wild mushroomsare consumed unconsciously as food and poisonous mushroom species cannot beseparated from non-toxic species. In this article, we aimed to evaluate thedemographic and clinical data, the duration of hospital stay, seriouscomplications and mortality in cases of mushroom poisoning.Methods: Thisis a retrospective recording evaluation study and adult patients who applied to***** University Medical Faculty Hospital with various locations after eatingmushrooms in the last 5 years were evaluated. Clinical features, treatment andcomplications of the patients were evaluated.Results: A total of 19 patients were identified, 7(36.8%) were male (mean age 38.2 ± 2.16 years), and 12 (63.1%) were female(mean age 43.1 ± 3.31 years). was.Whenwe examined hospital admission seasons, 3 (15.8%) patients applied in thewinter months, 8 (42.1) in the autumn months and 8 (42.1) in the spring months.The most common complaints; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain,weakness, dizziness, dizziness and sweating. Only 52.6% of the patients hadonly symptomatic treatment and the duration of hospitalization was less thanone day. Four (21.05%) patients had elevated liver function tests. Two of themhad less than 5-fold elevation in liver function tests and all of them werenormal. In the other two more than 20-fold liver enzymes were elevated andprothrombin time was prolonged. One of them received high-dose crystallinepenicillin and silibin treatment, and the other was directed to another centerbecause there was no room in our hospital.Conclusion: Mushroom poisonings are frequently seen in women and in the spring months and prognosis is generally good and symptomatic treatment is sufficient in the early period (within the first 6 hours). However, life-threatening conditions such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity develop in some patients. Therefore patients should be closely monitored.

INTRODUCTION: Mushroom poisoning is observed in our country because of the consumption of wild mushrooms as unconscious food and the fact that poisonous mushroom species cannot be separated from non-toxic species. Amatoxin-containing fungi, especially the most dangerous type of toxin, account for more than 90% of deaths in acute liver failure mushroom poisoning. In this article, we aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical data, the duration of hospital stay, serious complications and mortality in cases of mushroom poisoning. METHODS: This is a retrospective recording evaluation study, and adult patients who applied to the Mersin University Medical Faculty Hospital during the last 5 years with a variety of neighborhood diseases were evaluated. Clinical features, treatment and complications of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients were admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of possible fungal poisoning in this period. 1 year). When we examined hospital admission seasons, 3 (15.8%) patients applied in the winter months, 8 (42.1) in the autumn months and 8 (42.1) in the spring months. The most common complaints; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weakness, dizziness, dizziness and sweating. Only 52.6% of the patients had only symptomatic treatment and the duration of hospitalization was less than one day. Four (21.05%) patients had elevated liver function tests. Two of them had less than 5-fold elevation in liver function tests and all of them were normal. The other two had more than 20 times the height of prothrombin time. One of them received high-dose crystalline penicillin and silibin treatment, and the other was directed to another center because there was no room in our hospital. DISCUSSION: Mushroom poisoning is frequently seen in spring and in early period (within the first 6 hours) the prognosis of fungal poisoning is generally good and symptomatic treatment is sufficient. Although it is the most common cause of gastrointestinal complaints, it causes hepatotoxicity in 20% of cases. Mushroom poisoning should be considered in patients with signs of gastrointestinal discomfort or hepatotoxicity, especially in the spring and autumn months.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the clinical features and course of patients with anti-HCV positive and HCV RNA negative. METHODS: This is a retrospective data recording study. Viral markers were requested in patients admitted to Mersin University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology between the years 2010–2018 and patients with anti-HCV positive and HCV RNA negative were detected. Patients whose HCV RNA was positive atleast once in the period given were separated in a different group. Follow-up results of HCV RNA negative patients were examined. Patients who never received chek up were called for check up. Patients’ demographic characteristics, biochemical tests, viral markers, comorbid diseases and ultrasonography were evaluated. RESULTS: Anti-HCV was positive in 381 patients. Of these, 238 (62.4%) were HCV RNA positive and 143 (37.5%) were HCV RNA negative. 71 of the HCV RNA negative (49.6%) were male and 72 (50.35%) female. The mean age was 66 and 56 years, respectively. HCV RNA was not positive in the follow-up of patients. Liver enzyme levels were found to be high in 16 (11%) patients. In 12 of these 16 patients (75%), ultrasonography showed a compatible appearance with hepatomegaly and hepatosteatosis, while 4 patients (25%) had a liver disease consistent with liver cirrhosis. When ultrasound findings of all patients with HCV RNA negative were examined, 34 (23.7%) of the patients had borderline irregularity, left lobe hypertrophy and granular increase changes consistent with liver cirrhosis, and 4 (2.8%) of them had hepatocellular carcinoma. Three patients with HCC had Hepatit B infection. When the comorbid diseases of patients with HCV RNA negative were examined it was found out that 13 patients (9%) DM, 15 (10%) HT, 10 (7%) CRF, 4 (2.8%) HBV infection, 3 (2%) breast cancer, 3 (2%) sickle cell anemia, 1 (0.7%) cholangiocellular carcinoma and 1 (0.7%) had colon ca. CONCLUSION: Anti-HCV positivity is an important finding in patients’ referral to health institutions and in setting public health targets. However, there may not be active infection at this time and HCV RNA may be negative. While this may indicate an improved HCV infection, it might also be an indicator of an ongoing liver disease that causes damage to liver histomorphology during the active infection period. Our study showed that HCV-RNA was negative in 37% of anti-HCV positive patients. Another important finding is; 24% of patients had liver cirrhosis and HCC was detected in some patients. Although hepatosteatosis and HBV infection are among the etiology of cirrhosis, we think that this group should be evaluated and followed more carefully.

Portalvein thrombosis is an important cause of presinuzoidal portal hypertension. Portalvein thrombosis usually occurs in patients with cirrhosis, malignant andprothrombotic disease. Patients with acute portal vein thrombosis have suddenonset. In chronic patients, portal hypertension and cavernous transformationdeveloped. Diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis is utilized by Dopplerultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In acutecases, low molecular weight heparin provides recanalization in more than halfof the patients. In our case, a 74-year-old man presented with abdominal pain,nausea. Our patient had a thrombus that completely filled the portal vein.Although there was portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis, thrombus was verycommon in our case., Portalven trombozu presinuzoidal portal hipertansiyonun önemli bir nedenidir. Portalven trombozu genellikle sirozlu, malign ve protrombotik hastalığı olanlardaortaya çıkmaktadır. Akut portal ven trombozlu hastalar ani başlangıçlıdır.Kronik hastalarda ise portal hipertansiyon ve kavernöz transformasyongelişmiştir. Portal ven trombozunun tanısı doppler ultrasonografi, bilgisayarlıtomografi ve magnetik rezonans görüntüleme ile konulmaktadır. Akut vakalardadüşük molekül ağırlıklı heparin hastaların yarıdan çoğunda rekanalizasyonusağlar. Bizim olgumuzda yetmiş dört yaşında erkek hasta karın ağrısı bulantışikayetiyle başvurdu. Hastamızda portal veni neredeyse tamamen dolduran trombüsmevcuttu. Sirozda portal ven trombozu olmakla birlikte bizim vakamızda trombüsçok yaygındı.

Giriş ve Amaç: Meme kanseri dünyada kadınlar arasında en sık görülen malign tümör olup, tüm kadın kanserlerinin yaklaşık %25’ini oluşturmaktadır. Her yaş grubunda görülebilmesine karşın genç yaşta ailesel olguların dışında nadir olarak görülmektedir. BRCA 1, 2 mutasyonları, nokta mutasyonlarından dolayı oluşan meme kanserlerinin çoğunluğunu ve genel meme kanserlerinin %3’ünden sorumlu tutulmaktadır. BRCA 1 ve BRCA 2 genlerinde kodlama bölgeleri boyunca dağılan yüzlerce farklı mutasyon bildirilmiştir. Biz çalışmamızda meme kanserinde genetik yatkınlığı belirlemek için sık olarak tespit edilen BRCA 1 (rs16942, rs1799966) ve BRCA 2 (rs144848, rs1799944) genlerine ait polimorfik nokta mutasyonlarının bölgemizdeki sıklığını PCR özgül belirleme grubundan Hibridizasyon Prob Yöntemiyle “LightCycler” PCR cihazı kullanılarak belirlemeyi ve bu mutasyon oranlarının ER pozitifliği, HER 2 durumu, Evre , Grade ve yaş ile ilişkili olup olmadığını saptamayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metod: Araştırmamızda Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp fakültesi Onkoloji Bilim Dalında genç yaş (44 yaş altı) grubu kadınlarda meme kanseri tanısı almış 96 adet hasta çalışmaya alındı. Parafine gömülü tümör dokulardan genomik DNA izolasyonu yapıldı ve DNA saflığı ile konsantrasyonu yapıldı. Sonra bu tüplerden BRCA 1 ve BRCA 2 genlerindeki polimorfizm mutasyonları Real-Time PCR ile belirlendi. Ülkemizde yapılmış çalışmalardan en sık saptanmış olan 4 nokta mutsayonu çalışmada değerlendirildi. Bu hastalara ait yaş, grade, ER, HER- 2 reseptör durumu ve Evre gibi parametreler çıkarıldı. SPSS 21.0 bilgisayar programı kullanılarak çalışmanın istatiksel değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. p≤0.05 istatiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz verilere göre 96 olgumuzdan BRCA 1 genine ait rs16942 de 14 (%14.5) adet homozigot (GG), 55 (%57.3) adet heterozigot (AG); rs1799966 da 18 (%18.75) adet homozigot (GG) 46 (%47.9) adet heterozigot (AG); BRCA 2 genine ait rs144848 de 9 (%9.37) adet homozigot (TT), 25 (%26.04) adet heterozigot (GT); rs1799944 de 2 (%2.08) adet homozigot (GG), 3 (%3.12) adet heterozigot (AG) hastada nokta mutasyonu saptadık. Bu oranların ülkemizin diğer bölgelerinde yapılmış çalışma oranlarından biraz yüksek olduğu görüldü. Bu nokta mutasyonları ile; Grade ilişkisi karşılaştırıldığında ortalama p değeri 0.464, ER pozitifliği ile karşılaştırıldığında ortalama p değeri 0.647, .HER 2 pozitifliği ile karşılaştırıldığında ortalama p değeri 0.833, 35 yaş üstü hastalarla kıyaslandığında ise ortalama p değeri 0.358 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Bölgemizde BRCA 1-2 deki polimorfizm mutasyon oranları yüksek sıklıkta görülmektedir. Bu nedenle de bölgemiz de erken yaşta meme kanser li vakalara ve aile bireylerine genetik taramaların yapılması gereklidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: BRCA-1; BRCA-2; meme kanseri; nokta mutasyon, polimorfizm, LightCycler PCR Introduction: Breast cancer, the most frequent malign tumor in the world, constitutes approximately 25% of all women cancers. Although it can be seen in all age groups, breast cancer, except familial cases rarely seen at an early age. BRCA 1,2 mutations are held responsible for the most of breast cancers, develop due to point mutations and 3% of overall breast cancers. Hundreds of different mutations are reported in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes spreading throughout the decoding zones.In our research, we aim to designate the frequency of polymorphic point mutations belonging to BRCA 1 (rs16942, rs1799966) and BRCA 2 (rs144848, rs1799944) genes in our region , ascertained frequently, in order to identify genetic susceptibility in breast cancer by using the "LightCycler" PRC device with the method of Hibridization Prob from the group of PRC specific identification and determine the relationship of those mutation rates with ER positive, the state of HER 2 , stage, grade and age. Materials and Method: In our research 96 patients, diagnosed breast cancer among the young women group (under the age of 44) are taken to the study in Diyarbakır Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine -Departman of Oncology. Genomic DNA isolation from the the paraffin-embedded tumor tissues is done and DNA purity and concentarion is held. Then polymorphism mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes from those test tubes are defined with Real -Time PRC. Four points mutation , the most frequent one which is confirmed in researches in our country is evaluated in our research. Some parameters are assigned as age, grade, ER, the state of HER 2 and stage belongig to those patients. Statistical evaluation of the reseach is practiced by using SPSS 21.0 computer programme. p≤0.05 is accepted meaningful statistically. Results: According to the data aquired from our study we found out 14(14,5%) homozygotes (GG), 55(57,3%) heterozygotes(AG) in rs16942; 18(18,75%) homozygotes(GG), 46(47,9%)heterozygotes (AG) in rs1799966 belong to BRCA1 gene; 9(9,37%) homozygotes (TT), 25(26,04%) heterozygotes (GT) in rs144848; 2(2,08%) homozygotes (GG), 3(3,12%) heterozygotes (AG) in rs1799944 belong to BRCA 2 gene, point muations among the patients out of 96 cases. These rates are higher than the study rates made in other regions in our country. It is found out that when comparing point mutations and Grade relation, aproximate p value is 0.464 , when comparing point mutations and ER positiveness aproximate p value is 0.647 and when comparing point mutations and HER 2 positiveness p value is 0.358. Conclusion: In our region the rate of polymorphism mutations in BRCA 1-2 is seen in high-frequency. For this reason it is essential to make a genetic screening to the early aged-cancerous patients and their family members. Key Words: BRCA-1 BRCA-2; breast cancer; point mutation, polymorphism, LightCycler PCR.