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We developed transplantation cultivation method of case-held tuber seedlings (CTS), which was derived from direct planting method of seed tubers, and applied this method to the sweet potato cultivar Beniharuka. A plastic case made of polypropylene was designed for cultivation of CTS. Seed tubers of cultivar Beniharuka in the range of 30–80 g were cut in half. The half-cut tubers were placed inside the plastic cases, and the cases were filled with a commercial soil mix. The case-held tubers were incubated under natural sunlight in a glass house. After 3–4 wk, the CTS were transplanted into a field. Mother tuber (seed tuber) enlargement was suppressed by the plastic confinement of the cases, and daughter tubers were formed above the case as vine-root-originated tubers. In the field experiments in 2012 and 2013, daughter tuber yields were increased 19% and 21% by case-held tuber seedling transplanting (CTST) over conventional vine-planting (VP), the number of daughter tubers per plant in CTST were 36 and 68% higher than in VP, and the mother tuber yields were limited to 2.1 and 4.3% of the total fresh yield of mother and daughter tubers, respectively in 2012 and 2013. Application of CTST method to cultivar Beniharuka enhanced tuber yield, increased the number of daughter tubers per plant, downsized daughter tubers compared to VP, and mother tuber enlargement was suppressed by case-holding. The CTST method is expected to produce more and smaller good in shape tubers of cultivar Beniharuka compared to VP.

Background.Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes not only the surface of the surface mucous cells but also the surface mucous gel layer (SMGL). Thus, we examined the possible value of pronase, a mucolytic agent, as a potential eradication therapy. Materials and Methods. One hundred and thirty-five patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Sixty-eight patients received 30 mg of lansoprazole once daily, 500 mg of amoxicillin and 250 mg of metronidazole thrice daily for 2 weeks (LAM group), while the other 67 patients received the same dosage of those agents plus 18,000 tyrosine units of pronase thrice daily for 2 weeks (LAMP group). Eradication was assessed 4–6 weeks after treatment by immunohistochemical tests and cultures. We also determined the in vitro activity of pronase against H. pylori, and evaluated the synergistic effects between pronase and the other three drugs. To investigate the effect of pronase on the structure of the SMGL, surgically removed stomachs obtained from patients who had taken pronase were examined histopathologically. Results. The cure rates for H. pylori infection in the LAMP group were significantly higher than those in the LAM group (intention to treat analysis: 94.0 vs. 76.5%, p = .0041). Pronase exhibited no antibacterial activity against H. pylori., and no in vitro synergistic effects were observed. In the patients who took pronase before surgery, the SMGL was thinner than in the patients who did not take pronase, and the structure of the SMGL was markedly disrupted. Conclusions. Pronase has an additive effect in curing H. pylori infection. Pronase has no apparent in vitro activity against H. pylori, but may improve the local delivery of antibiotics by virtue of its removal and disruption of the SMGL.

The standard treatment for upper GI perforation is surgical repair. Recent reports have described nonsurgical treatment for small perforations with localized peritonitis.1-7 We report two cases of carcinoid tumor, one at the superior duodenal angle (SDA) and the other in the descending duodenum that were complicated by perforation due to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and treated successfully by nonsurgical means using a clipping device.

ASA (alkenyl Succinic Anhydride) sizing agent, one of sizing agent for neutral paper, is called generally as a reactive-type sizing agent in order to react chemically with pulp. It is distinguished by low cost and good size activity by small amount of it.Although, the quantity of ASA consumed is increasing in turn AKD in USA and Europe in recent year, it has been retarded in the country for some year, because of deposit problem on the machine. This problem caused by hydrolyzate and calcium salt of ASA of which improvement are investigated in the practical machine, but good result have not been obtained at this point of time. An emulsification of polymer of high-performance ASA “Colopearl Z-100-S”, unlike the ordinary ASA sizing agent, is necessary to polymer for emulsion for exclusive use and the emulsifier with high speed turbine pump. This method makes possible to give the same sizing effect by about 80% loading as that ASA sizing agent on the market and the emulsion with stable particle diameter. We place our hope on decreasing many deposit problems on the machine by using the high-performance ASA “Colopearl Z-100-S”.

The MICs of rabeprazole sodium (RPZ), a newly developed benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor (PPI), against 133 clinical Helicobacter pylori strains revealed a higher degree of activity than the another two PPIs, lansoprazole and omeprazole. Time-kill curve assays of RPZ, when combined with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole, disclosed that synergistic effects were demonstrated in combination with each antibiotic examined. Moreover, no apparent antagonistic effect appeared among all of the strains tested.

To clarify the interactions of drugs for combination therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection, especially due to antibiotic-resistant strains, we have evaluated the in vitro effect of combining different drugs. Using a modified time-kill assay, we tested the effect of combining 2 drugs from 4 agents; amoxicillin (AMPC), clarithromycin (CAM), metronidazole (MTZ) and lansoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor). The H. pylori in the study consisted of 4 strains sensitive to the all drugs, 2 strains resistant only to CAM, 2 strains resistant only to MTZ, and 2 strains resistant to both CAM and MTZ. From the 6 different drug combinations, synergism was observed for 5 of the combinations, among which the combination of AMPC and CAM revealed such effects most frequently. However, all of the strains which showed synergism were sensitive to both of the drugs. In the case of the strains resistant to CAM and/or MTZ, no synergism was demonstrated in any of the combinations including CAM and/or MTZ. When a strain was resistant to one drug from a combination, no synergism was detected. Thus, the administration of a drug to which the strains are resistant may have no advantage in the eradication therapy of H. pylori. For a more effective and safer therapy, susceptibility testing should be performed before treatment.

We have successfully developed and evaluated a new susceptibility testing procedure against Helicobacter pylori strains using air-dried microplates "HP-Plates" containing eight serially-diluted anti-H. pylori agents. HP-Plate wells were reconstituted by the inoculation of 100 microliters of H. pylori cell suspensions. After incubation at 37 C for 48 hr under humidified microaerophilic conditions, HP-Plates were read visually with a circular mirror. We investigated the within-day reproducibility tests of HP-Plates using the six quality control (QC) strains we proposed. Of the 20 testings, determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all the QC strains fell within +/- 1 log2 dilution ranges. When 200 clinical isolates were tested with HP-Plates and compared with the results obtained with the modified broth macrodilution method of NCCLS, more than 90% of the MICs also fell within +/- 1 log2 dilution ranges. We concluded that the HP-Plate susceptibility test method is a practical and easily applicable alternative of susceptibility testing for clinical microbiology laboratories in determining the MICs of H. pylori isolates.

Although chemotherapy has been documented to be effective in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcers, some cases are known to have been unsuccessful in the attempt to eradicate this species. In this study, we examined the relation between the susceptibility of H. pylori isolates and the efficacy of chemotherapy. We utilized the modified agar plate dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 63 H. pylori strains isolated before treatment with several drugs routinely used during eradication chemotherapy. Among the drugs tested, amoxicillin (AMPC) and clarithromycin (CAM) demonstrated high degrees of activity with MIC99, 0.39 and 0.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. No highly resistant strain against AMPC was detected among the strains examined, while for CAM and metronidazole (MTZ), 9.5% and 7.9% of the strains, respectively, were resistant before treatment. It should be noted that all of the MICs of the strains from patients with successful therapy were lower than those from patients with unsuccessful therapy. These findings indicate that susceptibility tests should be carried out prior to the commencement of drug administration in order to provide safer and more effective chemotherapy.

In order to extend an application area of 12 inch write once optical disks, both a larger data capacity and higher data transfer rate are required, which in turn requires more advanced reliability and durability. This paper describers a double sided 7GB twelve inch diameter disk suitable for high data transfer (1.2-2.2 MB/s) application. A storage data capacity is increased by using both the pit- edge method and the Modified Constant Angular Velocity (MCAV) method. The corrosion resistant Te based ternary alloy recording layer has an excellent pit length characteristics and less thermal interference, which results in wide jitter margin in the pit edge detection. The high speed disk rotation gives the high data transfer rate. Acceleration tests prove a disk life longer than 45 years.

We report here a case of Meneetrier's disease (MD) that required a prolonged period for remission after eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori (HP). The appropriate time needed to judge the efficacy of the eradication therapy for HP infection in an MD case is discussed.

By combining the optimization of Tb-rich TbFeCoX alloy composition with the optimization of thermo-structual design of recording layers, highly reliable and durable 5.25-inch magneto-optical disk has been developed.

A small microphone array system, consisting of two or more closely arranged small microphones and a digital filter network, is newly proposed. A method based on sound field control using multiple‐point least‐squares filter design contributed to the configuration of a smaller size microphone array system. Several directivity patterns having unique focus directions can be configured by changing each set of optimum filter coefficients. In this paper, a new method of scanning speaker direction using the small microphone array is proposed and several performances used in teleconferencing systems are evaluated.

The effects of independent detection of leading edge / trailing edge on edge-shift and jitter are investigated for typical heat-mode recording processes using read-out pulse width, recording timing measurements and thermal simulation. In addition, in order to investigate the edge-shift reduction limit for this new method, a method is proposed to analyze what causes the edge-shifts; it statistically evaluates the relative edge intervals between adjacent edges of a particular worst-case recording pattern. Our results clarify that the new method is effective for reducing edge-shifts and jitter.

The root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla and the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae are most injurious to vegetables and field crops in Kyushu, the warm district of Japan. Of the crops being grown in Kyushu, good hosts and susceptible ones of M. incognita and P. coffeae are shown in the text. Successive cropping of one of them or rotation among them are considered not to be acceptable. On the other hand, some preferable crops as preceding ones are indicated against five species of nematodes in Kyushu, respectively (Table 1). Cropping peanut is recommended against M. incognita, M. javanica and P. coffeae, but the crop is a good host of M. hapla. Although M. hapla is distributed in Kyushu and was found with M. incognita in some fields (Fig. 1), the frequency of occurrence was less than that of M. incognita even in peanut fields (Table 2). Table 4 shows the alternation of nematode species during the successive cropping. The cropping in successive two years or so may be recommended for the same plant.

An 18-year-old girl with virilization and an elevated level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was found to have a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) of the ovary. The tumor had a heterologous element of gastrointestinal type epithelium, retiform pattern, and multilocular cysts, many of which were lined by Sertoli-like cells. Alpha-fetoprotein was detected immunohistochemically in cells with the histologic appearance of Sertoli cells, and testosterone was detected in the Leydig cells. Results of lectin affinity chromatography indicated that AFP produced by this tumor was different from the AFP to be found in the liver.

ミナミネグサレセンチュウPratylenchus coffeae (ZIMMERMANN, 1898)の胚子発育と幼虫発育を調査し,ステージの区分およびその識別のめやすを与え,生殖器の発育,卵期間,1世代所要日数を示した。1 夏季(29∼33°C),雌の子宮内にある卵あるいは産下された卵の発育ステージは,2細胞期のものが最も多く,単細胞期,3細胞期のものがこれに次いだ。2 胚子発育の過程を追跡し,各ステージの胚子を第1図に示した。3 この線虫は卵殻内で1度脱皮することを確認した。4 30°C(好適温度)の井戸水の中における卵期間は6日∼8日であった。4日目に蝌蚪期に達する。5 幼虫の発育をバレイショ塊茎中でFlap methodによって追跡した。この線虫は,孵化後3回脱皮して成虫となる。6 脱皮中の線虫の体長(第2表),生殖器原基の発育様相を調査し(第3表,第2図),それを基準として任意に選んだ幼虫の発育ステージを判定し,各期幼虫におけるa, b', c,口針長,排泄孔の位置(体長率)を測定算出した(第4表)。7 上記を合わせて各ステージの具体的な記載を行ない,生態調査で可能な程度の幼虫の発育ステージの識別法を示した(第5表)。8 この線虫の性の区別すなわち内部生殖器の構造の雌雄によるちがいは,幼虫第4期(pre-adult)までつきとめた。第4期も進むと雌雄は外観から区別できるようになる。9 この線虫の幼虫をバレイショ塊茎の病斑部より分離して水中に放置すると,前のステージの脱皮殼を2枚つけたまま成虫になることがある。10 この線虫のバレイショ塊茎中における1世代経過所要日数は,好適温度(25∼30°C)の場合1ヵ月足らずである。個体によるふれが大きく,幼虫の各期についての経過所要日数は定め難いが,孵化幼虫はほぼ2週間で成虫となり始め,孵化後3週間では抱卵がみられた。

In order to estimate analytically the susceptibility of nematodes of different stages, an immersion test proposed by Moje (1959) was examined. The standard procedure by the present authors is as follows: 1) to immerse nematodes in the solution of a given chemical for 24 hours 2) remove the solution of the chemical (needed two hours) and store the treated nematodes in sterile water for 22 hours and 3) separate mobile nematodes from the immobile by cotton wool filter for 24 hours and calculate mortality of the nematodes. Temperature during experiments is 25°.As a test nematode, the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) was used. Larvae were obtained from egg-masses or infected soils by Baermann funnel technique or sieving plus Baermann method. It is convenient to use about a hundred nematodes for a treatment. Loss of M. incognita larvae during test process is considered to be about ten per cent. From 70 to 90 % of mobile larvae of M. incognita were isolated by the cotton wool filter specially designed, where the coefficient of the variation was less than twenty per cent in most experiments. The rate of separation reached the maximum within 24 hours. An example is given in Table 1.Storing treated nematodes in sterile water leads them to death or recovery from anesthetization. Relation of procedure to remove EDB emulsion and period for maintaining the nematodes treated with EDB in water, to the mortality of M. incognita larvae is shown in Table 2. Mortality due to 24 hours store was near to that for 46 hours.In most experiments, linear correlation was observed between concentrations in logarithm of EDB and mortality in probit at the level of 95 % confidence, except some lower concentrations (Figs. 2 and 3). Results of experiments conducted by the same person in August, September and October with M. incognita larvae from egg-masses on the roots of sweet potato in the same field are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The figures indicate the reproductivity in a sense of the experiments by the present method. LC-50 of the nematodes from sweet potato to EDB was 86 and 80 ppm in August (from Figs. 2 and 3), 54 ppm in September and 77 ppm in October (Fig. 2). The relation between temperatures during immersion in EDB emulsion and the mortality of M. incognita larvae was also examined (Table 3).

1. 北海道から九州に至る全国の牧野等未耕地50場所,120採土地点のうち,25場所45採土地点からネグサレセンチュウ(Pratylenchus属)が検出されているが,そのうち種の同定ができた分についてここでとりまとめた。2. これらの未耕地から検出されたネグサレセンチュウには,キタネグサレセンチュウ(P.penetrans),ノコギリネグサレセンチュウ(P.crenatus),ムギネグサレセンチュウ(P.neglcctus),モロコシネグサレセンチュウ(P.zeae),ミナミネグサレセンチュウ(P.coffeae),クルミネグサレセンチュウ(P,vulnus),チャネグサレセンチュウ(P.loosi),1).sp.3(Japan),、P.sp.4(Ku-dju),P.sp.5(Tokachi)がある。3. そのうち原野等耕地在来未と推測される種は,キタネグサレセンチュウ(P.penetrans),モロコシネグサレセンチュウ(P.zeae),P.sp.3,P.sp.4である。

1) 人為的に産卵させたモンシロチョウの未成熟個体群の空間的分布の変化を,全株調査によって調べた。2) 畑に網をかぶせたために,モンシロチョウは周辺に特に多く産卵し,個体数の空間的分布は著しく不均質なものとなった。しかし,畑の外周の株を除くならば,散布指数を指標とするかぎり空間的分布は野外の場合とそう著しく違わないものとなった。3) 散布指数は,発育の進行とともに減少した。すなわち,集中的な分布からより均質な分布へと変化した。この原因は,発育の初期に密度比例的な死亡が散布指数の見かけ上の減少をもたらしたこと,第3化期に卵塊状に産まれた多数の卵がつぶされたり落ちたりして死亡したこと,および老熟幼虫期に密度に依存した死亡と移動があったことによる。そのうち,第2化期には株間の移動が,第3化期には病気による死亡がおもな役割を果たしたと考えられる。

1) 1956年の4月から7月にかけて,農業技術研究所構内の網を掛けたキャベツ畑において,モンシロチョウ個体群の自然死亡率およびそれに関与する要因を調べた。2) 個体数の減少は,第2世代でも第3世代でも,卵から1令幼虫にかけての時期,終令幼虫期およびよう期に特に著しく減少した。その結果両世代とも,前報(宮下・伊藤・後藤,1956)で報じた1955年春と基本的特性において同一な3段型の生存曲線が得られた。ただし総死亡率は両世代とも1955年春の調査結果より低く,特に第2化期は低かった。3) 卵から1令にかけての時期の死亡率には,1954年盛夏の世代を除くと年または世代によってあまり大きな違いはなく,それに関与する要因は主として密度に依存しない性格のものであるように思われた。また,卵の時期の死亡は総卵数の10∼20%と推定された。4) 1956年には幼虫寄生バチであるアオムシコマユバチの寄生率が1955年に比べて低く,特に第2化期の寄生は皆無で,これがこの年のモンシロチョウ個体群の総死亡率を低めた主な原因だと思われる。さなぎ寄生バチであるアオムシコマユバチの寄生率は1955年と1956年であまり差がなかった。どちらの寄生バチも世代が進むにつれてその働きを増して行くように思われた。5) 病気の発生は2化期より3化期のほうが多かった。また前報および本報の調査を通じて最高の発病率は1954年盛夏の世代でみられた。

Newly developed automated clean process has made it possible to produce 12" W-0 type optical disks with average defect rate of 3 x 10 -7 (1/bit). Using these disks with ultra low defect rates, accelerated life tests were performed. No disks showed any degradation in bit error rate during the high temperature and high humidity test(60°C;90%RH) of one year and the heat cycle test up to 1000 times between -40°C;3 hours and 80°C;3 hours. The acceleration coefficient for 60°C;90%RH referred to 25°C;90%RH was estimated to be more than 100.

Because of the large memory capacity, optical disks are required to be more reliabl compared with other recording media. Especially, 12” write-once type optical disks are mainly used for archival applications. Therefore, it is important that they can preserve recorded data for a very long time. To keep long term reliability for recorded data, it is essential that initial error rate is low enough and that the error rate dose not increase for a long time. In order to meet the above demand, a series of automated clean processes have been developed for production of air sandwiched type ternary alloy (Te–Se–Pb) recording media 1), 2) in which glass substrates covered with 2P resin are used.

1. Among the nematodes found in Kyushu and identified by the authors, the following were regarded noteworthy from the viewpoints of nematode distribution-and parasitism: (1) Aphelenchus avenae and Paraphelenchus amblyurus from the soil of sweet potato field in Arao City, Kumamoto Pref., (2) Gracilacus from the soil of mulberry (Morns bombycis) garden in Mizuho Village, Nagasaki Pref., soil of korai-shiba (Zoysia matrella var. tenuifolia) garden in Unzen, Nagasaki Pref., soil of paniculata (hinoki, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and sasa, Sasa albo-marginata) in Kuroishibaru, Kumamoto Pref., (3) Helicotylenchus dihystera, from the upland soils gathered. throughout Nagasaki Pref., (4) Hemicriconem oides sp., from the soil of korai-shiba garden in Unzen, Nagasaki Pref., (5) Nothotylenchus, from the buds of strawberry plant in Kanoya City, Kagoshima Pref., (6) Pratylenchus thornei, from the upland soil in Ojika Island, Nagasaki Pref., (7) P. peneprans, from the soil of chrysanthemum in Kashima City, Saga Pref., (8) Pratylenchus sp., from the soil of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) garden in Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Pref., (9) Tylenchorhynchus brevidens, from the upland soil in.Iki. Island, Nagasaki Pref., (10) T. nothus, in Mizuho Village and Kuchinotsu Town, Nagasaki Pref., (11) Tylenchorhynchus spp., in Nagasaki Pref.2. In regard to the root-lesion nematodes of the common fields in Kyushu, Pratylenchus coffeae was most frequently found and the damage was most conspicuous. Damage by P. zeae was of next order in seriousness.3. Seven species of the stunt nematodes are known in Kyushu as based on investigation conducted by the latter author.

1. Among the nematodes found in Kyushu and identified by the authors, the following are re markable from the viewpoint of nematode distribution and parasitism: (1) Pratylenchus loosi, tea root, Higashi-sonogi Town, Nagasaki Pref., (2) P. coffeae, Citrus root, Tarumizu City, Kagoshima Pref., (3) Radopholus oryzae (?), paddy field (in dry condition), Aino Town, Nagasaki Pref., (4) Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, azalea soil, Kusano Town, Kurume City, Fukuoka Pref., (5) Tylenchorhynchus sp., soybean field, Yabe Town, Kumamoto Pref., (6) Tylenchorhynchus ? sp., sugar cane soil, Okino-erabuzima, Kagoshima Pref.2. In regard to root-lesion nematodes, four species have been found in Kyushu, that is, Pratylenchus coffeae, P. vulnus, P. zeae and P. loosi.

1. Listed nematodes were detected by the authors in Kyushu, Japan. Among them Meloidogyne, Heterodera and Pratylenchus include important pests of crops but the damage of other nematodes is to be investigated hereafter.2. In regard to root-lesion nematodes, 3 species were recognized. Pratylenchus coffeae is known as the pests of potato, sweet potato, upland rice etc. and it is distributed all over the Kyushu district. P. vulnus was discovered from the soil around garden trees in Kumamoto City and P. zeae from the soil of upland rice field in Taniyama City, Kagoshima Pref.

Over 107 write/erase repeatability has been achieved in magneto-optical (MO) disk by optimizing thermo-structural design through thermal conduction analyses. By combining this technology with that for anti-corrosion measures, a highly reliable and durable 5 1/4 inch MO disk has been developed. Carrier level degradation through write/erase repetition, which was observed in the cource of the development, is thought to be interpreted as a structure relaxation by annealing leading to a localized change in magnetic properties.