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Our novel methodology for tumor identification improves accuracy and efficiency significantly by utilizing advanced techniques. Using the BRATS dataset, we combine Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) optimization for pixel extraction, Wiener deconvolution, and the EI-Fusion-Net deep neural network. Additionally, preprocessing techniques such as resizing, grayscale conversion, and Gaussian filtering are used to improve image quality. For better results, our novel image fusion EI-Fusion-Net approach uses specific wavelet transform techniques and a fusion network architecture capable of capturing both spatial and temporal information. Indeed, our findings show remarkable performance metrics, with a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 48.42 dB and a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.992, which outperform those of existing methods on the BRATS dataset. This demonstrates the EI-Fusion-Net model's ability to effectively combine diverse data sources, resulting in promising advances in brain tumor detection via refined medical image processing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A train accident is defined as "Collision, Derailment, or any other event involving the operation of n-track equipment". To estimate the pattern of injuries in Railway Accidents and to estimate the Cause of death and Manner of death in Railway Accidents. The present study is conducted in Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Stanley Medical College from January 2020 to December 2020 in all the cases of Railway Accidents subjected to postmortem examination. During the study period, 61 cases were subjected for autopsy, the most common age group is 20 to 40 years. The most commonly injured organ is Brain followed by Liver and most of them died within 12 to 24 hours prior to post mortem examination. The railway fatalities were more of accidental in nature, less frequently suicidal and rarely homicidal. Internal organs commonly involved Brain followed by spinal cord, liver etc., It is also found that injuries to the upper half of the body are more common when compared to that of lower half of the body. The most common cause of death was hemorrhage shock from Multiple injuries, followed by Head injury, Thoracic injury, and Abdominal injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Diabetes-Mellitus (DM) disease is considered a persistent ailment that is triggered by excessive sugar levels in the blood of a person. It gives rise to severe health complications when left untreated and can also give rise to related diseases such as cardiac attack, nervous damage, foot problems, liver and kidney damage, and eye problems. These problems are caused by a series of factors interrelated to one another such as age, gender, family history, BMI, and Blood Glucose. Various Machine-Learning (ML) algorithms are being used in order to predict and detect the disease to avoid further complications of health. The Diabetes prediction process can be further improvised by identifying the type a person is being affected by and the probability of the occurrence of the related diseases. In order to perform the mentioned task, two types of the dataset are used in the study, namely, PIMA and a clinical survey dataset. Various ML algorithms such as Random Forest, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Gradient Boosting Machine, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and XGBoost are being used. The performance metrics used are accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and sensitivity. Techniques such as Data Augmentation and Sampling are used. In comparison with the research conducted previously, the paper focuses on improvisation of the accuracy with a percentage of 95.20 using the LGBM Classifier, and Diabetes is also classified as Prediabetes or Diabetes using many Classification mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technical improvements in healthcare sector today have given rise to many new inventions in the field of artificial intelligence. Patterns for disease identification are carried out, and the onset of prediction of many diseases is detected. Diseases include diabetes mellitus disease, fatal heart diseases, and symptomatic cancer. There are many algorithms that have played a critical role in the prediction of diseases. This paper proposes an ML based approach for diabetes mellitus disease prediction. For diabetes prediction, many ML algorithms are compared and used in the proposed work, and finally the three ML classifiers providing the highest accuracy are determined: RF, GBM, and LGBM. The accuracy of prediction is obtained using two types of datasets. They are Pima Indians dataset and a curated dataset. The ML classifiers LGBM, GB, and RF are used to build a predictive model, and the accuracy of each classifier is noted and compared. In addition to the generalized prediction mechanism, the data augmentation technique is also used, and the final accuracy of prediction is obtained for the classifiers LGBM, GB, and RF. A comparative study and demonstration between augmentation and non-augmentation are also discussed for the two datasets used in order to further improve the performance accuracy for predicting diabetes disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Wide Web comprises of huge web databases where the data are searched using web query interface. Generally, the World Wide Web maintains a set of databases to store several data records. The distinct data records are extracted by the web query interface as per the user requests. The information maintained in the web database is hidden and retrieves deep web content even in dynamic script pages. In recent days, a web page offers a huge amount of structured data and is in need of various web-related latest applications. The challenge lies in extracting complicated structured data from deep web pages. Deep web contents are generally accessed by the web queries, but extracting the structured data from the web database is a complex problem. Moreover, making use of such retrieved information in combined structures needs significant efforts. No further techniques are established to address the complexity in data extraction of deep web data from various web pages. Despite the fact that several ways for deep web data extraction are offered, very few research address template-related issues at the page level. For effective web data extraction with a large number of online pages, a unique representation of page generation using tree-based pattern matches (TBPM) is proposed. The performance of the proposed technique TBPM is compared to that of existing techniques in terms of relativity, precision, recall, and time consumption. The performance metrics such as high relativity is about 17-26% are achieved when compared to FiVaTech approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesThis manuscript presents a bibliometric and visualization analysis of Total Body Irradiation (TBI) research, aiming to elucidate trends, gaps, and future directions in the field. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the global research landscape of TBI, highlighting its key contributions, evolving trends, and potential areas for future exploration.MethodsThe data for this study were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), encompassing articles published up to May 2023. The analysis included original studies, abstracts, and review articles focusing on TBI-related research. Bibliometric indicators such as total publications (TP), total citations (TC), and citations per publication (C/P) were utilized to assess the research output and impact. Visualization tools such as VOS Viewer were employed for thematic mapping and to illustrate international collaboration networks.ResultsThe analysis revealed a substantial body of literature, with 7,315 articles published by 2,650 institutions involving, 13,979 authors. Full-length articles were predominant, highlighting their central role in the dissemination of TBI research. The authorship pattern indicated a diverse range of scholarly influences, with both established and emerging researchers contributing significantly. The USA led in global contributions, with significant international collaborations observed. Recent research trends have focused on refining TBI treatment techniques, investigating long-term patient effects, and advancing dosimetry and biomarker studies for radiation exposure assessments.ConclusionsTBI research exhibits a dynamic and multifaceted landscape, driven by global collaboration and innovation. It highlights the clinical challenges of TBI, such as its adverse effects and the need for tailored treatments in pediatric cases. Crucially, the study also acknowledges the fundamental science underpinning TBI, including its effects on inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, DNA damage, and the varied sensitivity of cells and tissues. This dual focus enhances our understanding of TBI, guiding future research toward innovative solutions and comprehensive care.

An investigation of the structure of the cyclic guanylic acid-gated cation channel in retinal rods is reported. Cloning procedures succeeded in cloning a protein from human retina that had 30% overall identity to the rod channeel subunit. The eprotein localizes to rod outer segments, but of itself cannot form a functional channel. Co-expression of the protein with human rod channel protein in functional cation channel. These results indicate that the protein is a key subunit of the cyclic guanylic acid-gated cation channel in retinal rods.

AbstractThe study investigates the effects of financial accounting services on SMEs’ financial performance. The agency theory was used in the research. The study used a quantitative strategy and a survey method to acquire the essential data for the project. The study used a sample of 320 SMEs to carry out the analysis. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to undertake the statistical analysis. The results indicate that using financial accounting services helps SMEs improve their financial performance. The research also discovered a link between information technology and SMEs’ financial performance. The findings of our research reveal that, small businesses that employ accounting services in their business experience an increase in financial performance. This is because the use of financial accounting has a lot of technical advantages which can be helpful to business users. A lot of SMEs need credit to be able to improve their business, therefore they need a financial statement to serve as evidence of their performance before the loan could be granted to them. This means that financial accounting service is a key component in the scheme of this SME. Information technology has been one of the driving forces of every business. It was found that information technology has a positive effect on the financial performance of SMEs. The study is unique in that it gives a successful approach for small and medium-sized businesses in emerging nations to focus more on the function of financial accounting in improving business performance.

Purpose: Dose volume histogram (DVH)‐based analysis is utilized as a pretreatment quality assurance tool to determine clinical relevance from measured dose which is difficult in conventional gamma‐based analysis. In this study, we report our clinical experience with an ionization‐based transmission detector and model‐based verification system, using DVH analysis, as a comprehensive pretreatment QA tool for complex volumetric modulated arc therapy plans. Methods and Materials: Seventy‐three subsequent treatment plans categorized into four clinical sites (Head and Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis) were evaluated. The average dose (Dmean) and dose received by 1% (D1) of the planning target volumes (PTVs) and organs at risks (OARs) calculated using the treatment planning system (TPS) were compared to a computed (model‐based) and reconstructed dose, from the measured fluence, using DVH analysis. The correlation between gamma (3% 3 mm) and DVH‐based analysis for targets was evaluated. Furthermore, confidence and action limits for detector and verification systems were established. Results: Linear regression confirmed an excellent correlation between TPS planned and computed dose using a model‐based verification system (r2 = 1). The average percentage difference between TPS calculated and reconstructed dose for PTVs achieved using DVH analysis for each site is as follows: Head and Neck — 0.57 ± 2.8% (Dmean) and 2.6 ± 2.7% (D1), Abdomen — 0.19 ± 2.8% and 1.64 ± 2.2%, Thorax — 0.24 ± 2.1% and 3.12 ± 2.8%, Pelvis 0.37 ± 2.4% and 1.16 ± 2.3%, respectively. The average percentage of passed gamma values achieved was above 95% for all cases. However, no correlation was observed between gamma passing rates and DVH difference (%) for PTVs (r2 = 0.11). The results demonstrate a confidence limit of 5% (Dmean and D1) for PTVs using DVH analysis for both computed and reconstructed dose distribution. Conclusion: DVH analysis of treatment plan using a model‐based verification system and transmission detector provided useful information on clinical relevance for all cases and could be used as a comprehensive pretreatment patient‐specific QA tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on ancient Longquan wares and their imitations has attracted considerable attention. Using a series of experimental methods, including micro X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ‐XRF), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), polarizing microscopy (PLM), dilatometry (DIL) and spectrophotometery, different samples of Longquan imitations from Dapu in Guangdong Province were collected and analysed. The study of different types of celadon from the Dapu kiln factories shows that the pale yellow body had a higher TFe2O3 content, and the body material must therefore have been treated differently or have come from a different source. The SiO2 and Al2O3 contents in the body can be used as auxiliary parameters to identify Longquan wares and its imitations. The study also found that both kinds of glaze recipe—including calcium–alkali glaze and alkali–calcium glaze—existed in the Dapu products, which suggested that while imitating Longquan ware, the potters in Dapu also showed innovation in the recipe for the glaze material. Moreover, there were some differences in the TFe2O3 content, as well as the size, number and distribution of bubbles in the different types of glaze. Finally, the study revealed that the material of both the saggars and separators were composed of another porcelain clay, different from that of the celadon body. In addition, the white and compact body of the celadon had a higher firing temperature, of 1140–1187 °C, compared with other types of wares, which had a lower firing temperature of 1050–1080 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To study the effect of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) TRS-483 recommended beam quality correction factor in reference dosimetry and to examine the recommended field output correction factor for relative dosimetry of 6-MV flattening filter free (FFF) small fields, used in a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator (LINAC). Material and Methods: The beam quality and field output correction for 6-MV FFF beams were adopted from the TRS-483 protocol. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the output factor was performed using the PENELOPE-based PRIMO software and compared with the TRS-483 corrected output factors. Two analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) models in the EclipseTM treatment planning system (TPS) were created; one with an output factor taken as the ratio of meter readings and one with an output factor obtained by multiplying the TRS-483 correction factor by the ratio of meter readings. Besides, box field and dynamic conformal arc (DCA) plans were created for both AAA models for verification and validation. The patient-specific quality assurances (QA) for ten different targets were performed, and deviations between the measured and TPS-calculated point doses in both models were examined. Results: Separate beam quality correction factors for FFF beams in the TRS-483 protocol only resulted in an improvement of 0.1% in reference dosimetry. The TRS-483 corrected output factor was in a better agreement with the MC-calculated output factor. For a patient-specific QA of DCA plans, the output factor-corrected AAA dose calculation algorithm showed a better agreement between the measured and simulated doses. Also, there was a smaller deviation (1.2%) for the smallest target of 0.23 cc (8 mm equivalent sphere diameter) used in this study. Conclusion:The field output factors for the LINAC small beams can be improved by incorporating the TRS-483 correction factors. However, the extent of improvement that can be expected depends on the source model of the calculation algorithm and how these well-generalized corrections are suitable for user beams and detectors.

Iron losses in laser-cut toroidal samples of 12 mm thick steel laminations used in large synchronous motors are studied. Eddy currents in the lamination cross-section are solved with the 2-D finite element method while applying a constitutive law based on the Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model. The effect of cutting on the material properties is included by a continuous local material model approach, which enables to express the material properties as a function of distance from the cutting edge. The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing the simulations and experimental measurements of five toroidal samples assembled from concentric rings with different widths. Highly accurate results are obtained in terms of both the matching of B-H loops and the total loss values with an average relative error less than 2.9%. The results show that the hysteresis loss under quasi-static excitation increases up to 20.4% due to the effect of cutting. It is observed that the eddy-current loss becomes dominant over the hysteresis loss even at 5 Hz, and this eddy-current loss decreases up to 72.5% as the number of concentric rings increases. The presented model and the results accurately show how iron losses occur in thick materials and how they are affected by the cutting process.

There are numerous search engines available in today's world to search and retrieve the required information. However retrieval of meaningful and appropriate formation as per the user requirement is always a challenging task. The foremost intention of any search engine is to provide the information with in a quick span of time. Since the nature of data available in World-Wide-Web shows heterogeneity in common and the sources of data are also distinct with each other, issues pertaining to schema structure and data representational are also there. In such circumstances, to eliminate inconsistencies and for enabling seamless integration of multiple data sources while retrieving web data, an efficient web search mechanism that fulfils the customer requirement is always needed. To enable the integration of multiple data sources while performing efficient retrieval of web data, an intelligent web search framework has been proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Excessive perioperative fluid administration may result in iatrogenic endothelial dysfunction and tissue edema, transducing inflammatory markers into the bloodstream. Colloids remain longer in the circulation, requiring less volume to reach similar hemodynamic endpoints compared to crystalloids. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that a goal-directed colloid regimen attenuates the inflammatory response compared to a goal-directed crystalloid regime. Methods Patients undergoing moderate- to high-risk open abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to goal-directed lactated Ringer’s solution (n = 58) or a hydroxyethyl starch 6% 130/0.4 (n = 62) fluid regimen. Our primary outcome was perioperative levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Secondary outcome was perioperative levels of white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). Measurements were performed preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, on postoperative day one, two and four. Results The areas under the curve of Interleukin (IL) 6 (p = 0.60), IL 8 (p = 0.46), IL 10 (p = 0.68) and tumor necrosis factor α (p = 0.47) levels did not differ significantly between the groups. WBC, CRP and PCT values were also comparable. LBP, although significantly higher in the crystalloid group, remained in the normal range. Patients assigned to crystalloids received a median (IQR) amount of 3905 mL (2880–5288) of crystalloid. Patients assigned to colloids received 1557 mL (1207–2116) of crystalloid and 1250 mL (750–1938) of colloid. Conclusion Cytokine and inflammatory marker levels did not differ between goal-directed crystalloid and colloid administration after moderate to high-risk abdominal surgery. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT00517127 ). Registered 16th August 2007.

An original strategy for the synthesis of diblock copolymers where the blocks are linked by a catenane junction is described. Starting from a functionalized catenane precursor, our strategy enables the preparation of a variety of copolymers by different techniques such as ROP, ATRP and CuAAC click reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercaptothiazolinyl functionalized hexapodal (L1) and tripodal (L2) receptors on the benzene platform have been synthesized easily in good yields and structurally characterized by a single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study. In the solid state, L1 shows an orientation of six arms in 1,3,5 vs 2,4,6 facial steric gearing fashion, whereas L2 adopted C2v symmetry where two of its thiazolinyl arms are oriented in one direction and the third arm in the another direction. Two silver complexes of L1, 1 ([2(L1)·6(AgClO4)·2(CHCl3)·HClO4]) and 2 ([2(L1)·6(AgClO4)]), that are suitable for single-crystal X-ray studies are isolated upon the slow diffusion of a dimethylformamide solution of AgClO4 to the solution of L1 in chloroform and dichloromethane, respectively. Similarly, upon the slow diffusion of an acetonitrile solution of AgClO4 to the chloroform solution of L2, colorless crystals of the silver complex of L2, 3, are successfully isolated. The structural analyses of 1 and 2 show the formation of a silver ion assisted hexanuclear metallocage Ag6(L1)2 via dimeric assembly of L1 with multiple clefts and pockets toward guests binding. In 1, two chloroform molecules sit in top and bottom pockets, whereas six perchlorate counteranions are bound in six clefts between the silver ion pillared side arms of the metallocage. Though complex 2 shows the formation of a metallocage like 1, the single crystal structural analysis depicts perchlorate counteranions bonded to the silver atoms of the metallocage. On the contrary, the silver complex of tripodal receptor L2, 3, shows the formation of a metallo-organic polymeric network of L2 and Ag+. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first report on the formation of an M6L2 type metallosupramolecular cage topology with multiple clefts for guest binding by a semirigid hexapodal receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new iminocoumarin based receptor L(C27H26N4OS) is synthesized with pyridyl and benzothiazolyl functionality. Synthesis of Lis easy and it is isolated in good yield. Lshows a selective and distinct color change from yellow to orange with Cu2ꋷ Li, Na, Ca2, Mg2, Cr2, Mn2, Fe2, Co2, Ni2, Cu2, Zn2, Cd2, Pb2, and Ag숗ꭹ a slight change in color is also observed in the case of Hg2滫 Lshows selective fluorescent quenching only in the presence of Cu2 aqueous HEPES buffer (pH 7.0). The naked eye detection limit of Cu2 determined at 2 μM whereas an emission experiment shows a lower detection limit at 200 nM. Selectivity studies of Lin presence of 50 equivalents of other ion(s) by emission experiment show no interference toward the detection of 1 equivalent of Cu2. Both UV-Vis and fluorescence studies in the presence of Cu2+salts of different counter anions with various sizes and shapes (Cl−, ClO4−, NO3−, CF3SO3−, SO42−and BF4−) show almost similar spectral output in buffer media irrespective of the nature of the counter anions. The detailed UV-Vis and fluorescence titration experiments suggest the existence of both 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 (L : Cu2) complexation stoichiometry and EPR study shows dx2–y2ground state of the Cu(ii) centre in the complex. Furthermore the formation of a mononuclear [Cu(L)(CH3CN)].2ClO4complex and the flexible conformation of Lin the solid state are confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray structural study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiomethoxychalcone-based ligands bis[3,3-bis(methylsulfanyl)]-1,1′- η5-ferrocenyl-2-propen-1-one (L1), 3,3-bis(methylsulfanyl)-1-η5-ferrocenyl-2-propen-1-one (L2), and 3-methylsulfanyl-3-sulfanyl-1-η5-ferrocenyl-2-propen-1-one (L3) have been synthesized on the ferrocene backbone by varying the number of chalcone arms and thiomethoxy substitutents. The single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses of all three ligands are reported in which crystals of L1 were obtained as both syn and anti conformers and showed the conformational freedom of the two cyclopentadienyl (Cp) units. L1-L3 are studied extensively toward their applicability in the colorimetric sensing of metal ions in solution. The solution-state study of mono- and bis(thiomethoxy)ferrocenylchalcone-functionalized ligands L1 and L2 showed selective colorimetric sensing for Hg2+ over Li+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Au3+ in acetonitrile. In both cases, a selective color change from orange to purple was observed with Hg2+ and the resultant solution showed the appearance of a new peak at 565 nm (e = 3920 M-1 cm-1) for L1 and 600 nm (e = 1140 M-1 cm-1) for L2 in the UV/vis experiments. The UV/vis titration profiles of L1 and L2 indicate the formation of 2:1 (L1/Hg2+) and 1:1 (L2/Hg2+) initial complexations in solution. On the other hand, L3 with thiomethoxy- and thiol-functionalized ferrocenylchalcone showed no appreciable color change with Hg2+ under the same experimental conditions. Attempts were made to isolate single crystals of the resulting purple solution obtained in the cases of L1 and L2 with Hg2+. In both cases, crystals suitable for a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study were isolated in very low yield by a layer diffusion technique. The single-crystal structural investigations demonstrated the formation of a sulfide-encapsulated mercury thiolate cuboctahedron cluster, [Hg8S(SCH3)12]2+, upon a selective chemodosimetric desulfurization reaction between Hg2+ and L1 or L2. Cyclic voltammetric studies also support the Hg2+-induced cleavage of thiomethoxy groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new tripodal fluoroionophore bearing furan and quinoline moieties, 2, senses Hg2+, Cu2+and Zn2+in acetonitrile by displaying enhanced fluorescence at distinct wavelengths. Chemosensor 2also shows selectivity toward Hg2+and senses Hg2+even in the presence of acid in the media. When quinoline is replaced with a non-coordinating signaling unit like an anthryl moiety, the fluoroionophore fails to sense Hg2+selectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A triterpene compound lupeol isolated from petroleum ether extract of leaves of Celastrus paniculatus was screened for wound healing activity (8 mg/ml of 0.2% sodium alginate gel) by excision, incision and dead space wound models on Swiss Albino rats (175-225 g). In lupeol treated groups wound healing activity was more significant (17.83+/-0.48) than the standard skin ointment nitrofurazone (18.33+/-0.42). Epithelialization of the incision wound was faster with a high rate of wound contraction (571.50+/-5.07) as compared with the control group. In dead space wound model also the weight of the granulation tissue of the lupeol treated animal was increased indicating increase of collagenation and absence of monocytes. The comparative docking of isolated lupeol molecule and standard drug nitrofurazone to glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta protein by Wnt signaling pathway also supported the wound healing property of lupeol. The activation domain of GSK3-beta consisted of Tyr216, with residues Asn64, Gly65, Ser66, Phe67, Gly68, Val70, Lys85, Leu132, Val135, Asp181 in the active pocket docked with lupeol at the torsional degree of freedom 0.5 units with Lamarckian genetic algorithm showed the inhibition constant of 1.38 x 10(-7). The inhibition constant of nitrofurazone was only 1.35 x 10(-4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]