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Abstract Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare inflammatory skin disease classified within the spectrum of neutrophilic dermatoses. The pathophysiology of PG is yet incompletely understood but a prominent role of genetics facilitating immune dysregulation has been proposed. This study investigated the potential contribution of disrupted molecular pathways in determining the susceptibility and clinical severity of PG. Variant Enrichment Analysis, a bioinformatic pipeline applicable for Whole Exome Sequencing data was performed in unrelated PG patients. Eleven patients were enrolled, including 5 with unilesional and 6 with multilesional PG. Fourteen pathways were exclusively enriched in the “multilesional” group, mainly related to immune system (i.e., type I interferon signaling pathway), cell metabolism and structural functions. In the “unilesional” group, nine pathways were found to be exclusively enriched, mostly related to cell signaling and cell metabolism. Genetically altered pathways involved in immune system biology and wound repair appear to be nodal pathogenic drivers in PG pathogenesis.

The addition of Navicula sp. to shrimp nurseries can improve the growth of Penaeus vannamei reared in biofloc systems. However, the contribution of microalgae to the biofloc formation and the effective contribution to shrimp nutrition remain unknown. In this study, Navicula sp. was added to biofloc nursery systems of P. vannamei at distinct time frequencies for evaluating its nutritional contribution to shrimp growth. Nursery rearing was carried out in bioflocs for 35 days at a stocking density of 3000 post-larvae m−3. Shrimp were fed using a commercial feed plus fresh culture of Navicula sp. at different frequencies: no addition of Navicula sp. (WN – control), the addition of 10 × 104 cells mL−1 of the diatom every 5, 10 and 15 days (N5, N10 and N15, respectively). Food sources relative contribution to P. vannamei development was estimated using a Bayesian mixture model. The isotopic discrimination factor (Δ15N and Δ13C) for each food source was determined experimentally. After 35 days of culture, survival (∼93 %) was similar across all treatments but there was a significant difference in weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The N10 treatment (0.50 ± 0.05 g, 0.99 ± 0.01) exhibited better growth parameters when compared to the WN treatment (0.33 ± 0.07 g, 11.46 ± 0.30). Biofloc was the food source most assimilated by shrimp followed by Navicula sp. and commercial feed. Contribution of Navicula sp. was higher in the N5 treatment. In the treatments with diatom addition, an inverse correlation was observed between the relative contributions of biofloc and Navicula sp., indicating that Navicula sp. is not in the biofloc composition, but it is directly consumed by P. vannamei post-larvae. Biofloc and Navicula sp. exhibited larger contributions to the growth of shrimp, reinforcing the importance of natural food sources to the aquaculture of P. vannamei post-larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus. It was first isolated from a sentinel monkey in Uganda in 1947. More recently, ZIKV has undergone rapid geographic expansion and has been responsible for outbreaks in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and America. In this review, we have highlighted the influence of viral genetic variants on ZIKV pathogenesis. Two major ZIKV genotypes (African and Asian) have been identified. The Asian genotype is subdivided into Southwest Asia, Pacific Island, and American strains, and is responsible for most outbreaks. Non-synonymous mutations in ZIKV proteins C, prM, E, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, and NS4B were found to have a higher prevalence and association with virulent strains of the Asian genotype. Consequently, the Asian genotype appears to have acquired higher cellular permissiveness, tissue persistence, and viral tropism in human neural cells. Therefore, mutations in specific coding regions of the Asian genotype may enhance ZIKV infectivity. Considering that mutations in the genomes of emerging viruses may lead to new virulent variants in humans, there is a potential for the re-emergence of new ZIKV cases in the future.

The floodplain lakes of the Amazon constitute one of the most important aquatic systems in terms of fish biodiversity. These ecosystems are influenced by the flood pulse, which in turn, affects the behaviour of fish communities within this lake ecosystem. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the facets of taxonomic and functional diversity may be influenced by the conditions of 'patches' of internal habitats, considering the margins and central environments of a floodplain lake in the Amazon. Lake Cujubim, located on the right bank of the Madeira River, was evaluated via fisheries carried out in the high‐water and low‐water phases, during the day and night, and considering two location strata. The results suggest that the absence of significant differences in alpha taxonomic diversity between the two phases may be a possible seasonal mischaracterisation in Lake Cujubim attributed mainly to dam constructions along the Madeira River. Apparently, no major differences occur in the assembly of fish in terms of their taxonomic and functional characteristics, regardless of luminosity. In the strata of the locations, demonstrates noticeable habitat patches, with the margins being bioregions with high incidences of individuals of the Engraulidae family, confirmed by both taxonomic and functional diversity (alpha and beta). It can be seen that, even in connected lakes, there are differentiated metacommunities between the bioregions, thus forming patches of habitat, and that the shores of the lake, especially those located in proximity or distant from the river, are more suitable areas for food and refuge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge about biological diversity is essential for the establishment of measures that lead to the protection of natural resources. Sandy beaches are areas of high diversity, with the malacofauna being an important component. Several mollusks are of great economic importance and the spatial distribution of these species on sandy beaches is linked to physical and biological factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of the malacofauna associated with Anomalocardia flexuosa distribution on a tropical sandy beach. Samples were collected bimonthly between April 2016 and February 2018 at 34 points distributed throughout a sandbar. The frequencies of occurrence of the species were calculated, and diversity indices were estimated and correlated with the densities of A. flexuosa. A total of 4,780 individuals from 11 species were obtained. The most frequent species were A. flexuosa and Neritina virginea. There were significant correlations between A. fleuxosa density and diversity, and overlap occurred between mollusks over the collection months and sites. Therefore, targeted catches for this species should also consider all other mollusks to mitigate future damage to malacofauna diversity in the region.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin condition clinically characterized by recurrent painful deep-seated nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracks in areas bearing apocrine glands, such as axillae, breasts, groins, and buttocks. Despite many recent advances, the pathophysiological landscape of HS still demands further clarification. To elucidate HS pathogenesis, we performed a meta-analysis, set analysis, and a variant calling on selected RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) studies on HS skin. Our findings corroborate the HS triad composed of upregulated inflammation, altered epithelial differentiation, and dysregulated metabolism signaling. Upregulation of specific genes, such as KRT6, KRT16, serpin-family genes, and SPRR3 confirms the early involvement of hair follicles and the impairment of barrier function in HS lesioned skin. In addition, our results suggest that adipokines could be regarded as biomarkers of HS and metabolic-related disorders. Finally, the RNA-Seq variant calling identified several mutations in HS patients, suggesting potential new HS-related genes associated with the sporadic form of this disease. Overall, this study provides insights into the molecular pathways involved in HS and identifies potential HS-related biomarkers.

O objetivo neste trabalho foi estudar a distribuição vertical da Anomalocardia flexuosa em uma praia arenosa do nordeste brasileiro. Foram obtidas 135 amostras em três meses no ano de 2015. Para testar a hipótese entre as densidades nas profundidades de até 5 cm (densidade 5) e entre 5 e 10 cm (densidade 10) foi realizado o teste t-Student. Modelos Lineares Generalizados foram aplicados para estimar a variável resposta densidade 10 com as explicativas espaciais, temporais e de abundância. Os resultados do melhor modelo foram interpolados por métodos geoestatísticos. As densidades foram significativamente maiores na densidade 5 (450 ind.m²) do que na densidade 10 (7 ind.m²). Entre os modelos avaliados, o com Binomial Negativa inflada de zeros foi o selecionado, sendo as predições interpoladas verossímeis com o observado, e as variáveis utilizadas foram: densidade 5, latitude, longitude (transformada) e mês (contínuo). A ocupação de A. flexuosa em camadas mais profundas do substrato pode decorrer de um enterramento acidental e ser atribuída a forçantes físicas, e não ser uma causa comportamental. Dessa maneira, o manejo sobre essa espécie deve considerar meios de captura que não penetrem o substrato além da camada preferencial, para assim não impactar outros organismos não alvo da pesca.

A extração de lagostas é considerada a atividade pesqueira mais atrativa economicamente na região Nordeste do Brasil. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as variações das capturas das lagostas Panulirus meripurpuratus (lagosta vermelha), Panulirus laevicauda (lagosta verde) e Scyllarides brasiliensis (lagosta sapata) no estado de Pernambuco, nos anos de 1999 a 2006, com intuito de verificar tendências nas produções mensais e a relação entre as capturas realizadas nos meses de defeso e na temporada de pesca. As capturas por temporada foram estudadas a partir de modelos exponenciais e análises de correlações. Modelos exponenciais foram significativos com coeficientes de determinação acima de 0,65 para lagosta vermelha em todos os anos e para a lagosta verde a partir de 2002, e descreveram os decaimentos das capturas do início até o final da temporada. A biomassa da lagosta verde mostrou um decaimento mais acentuado do que a da vermelha, possivelmente porque o coeficiente de capturabilidade seria maior. Já para a lagosta sapata, os modelos tiveram valores dos coeficientes de determinação sempre inferiores a 0,40. A correlação entre a captura legal e ilegal foi significativa apenas para a lagosta verde e apresentou tendência positiva. A magnitude inicial das capturas para a lagosta vermelha com valores abaixo de 25 toneladas no início da temporada de pesca pode ser um indício alarmante, enquanto para lagosta verde, esse valor pode ser de 10 toneladas. Estudos com modelos de excedente de produção são necessários para melhor avaliar os estoques e verificar a hipótese de que a lagosta verde teria um coeficiente de capturabilidade maior que o da lagosta vermelha.

Small pelagic fish play a key role in human nutrition, especially in emerging countries, as they are affordable protein sources and provide income for fishing communities. Despite their nutritional benefits for human health, prices are the main factor when choosing seafood as diet components, which highlights the relevance of an economic analysis, since changes in fish prices might alter the feeding patterns of populations worldwide. This study analyzed the price dynamics of the Sardinella brasiliensis in one of the main markets in northeast Brazil and employed machine learning techniques to forecast future prices. The dataset was obtained from the Pernambuco Supply and Logistics Center website, and it was modeled using the FbProphet library in addition to a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network in order forecast future prices. Both algorithms reached low error metrics, but LSTM performed significantly better, showing its usability in the economic context of marine products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research was carried out in southern Italy in order to evaluate the effects of two farming systems (open field, greenhouse) and five transplanting times (27 September, 11 October, 25 October, 8 November, 22 November) on plant growth, harvest precocity, fresh pod yield and seed quality of organic faba bean. Crop biomass and root expansion were higher in open field than in greenhouse. The fourth planting time resulted in the highest crop biomass, whereas the second crop cycle showed the highest leaf area index. Greenhouse crops showed higher precocity than the open field ones by about two weeks, as well as the first transplant; the delay in harvest beginning increased from the second to the fourth planting time. Both fresh pod and seeds yield were significantly higher in open field than under protected environment with the third and fourth planting times. Seed fiber and protein content showed higher values in greenhouse compared to open field and increased with the transplant delay. Seed polyphenols attained higher concentration in open field and with the two earliest planting times. Overall, 25 October to 8 November planting times in open field best fitted the southern Italy growing conditions in terms of pod yield, but the 27 September to 11 October planting times resulted in the highest harvest precocity, remarkably enhanced under greenhouse growing, whereas seed quality was controversial.

O objetivo neste trabalho foi estudar a diversidade da ictiofauna capturada com a rede de emalhar mais utilizada no estado de Pernambuco. No total foram realizadas 14 coletas no Canal de Santa Cruz (CSC) entre os meses de julho de 2013 e junho de 2014. As amostras foram obtidas com rede de emalhar de malha de 30 mm. Os peixes capturados foram retirados e separados na posição margem e centro, e na posição vertical da rede (superior, meio e inferior). Quanto à frequência de ocorrência, as espécies foram classificadas como comuns, acessórias ou ocasionais. Foram realizadas análises de diversidade alfa e beta. No total foram capturadas 19 espécies, sendo Opisthonema oglinum e Anchovia clupeoides as únicas constantes. As diversidades alfa estimadas não apresentaram diferenças significativas nos estratos temporais e espaciais. Na diversidade beta dois grupos se distinguiram, sendo que no maior ocorreu geralmente grandes abundâncias de O. oglinum. A rede avaliada foi eficiente para a espécie alvo O. oglinum e as capturas de outras espécies corresponderam a menos de 13% da icitiofauna já encontrada no CSC. Portanto, medidas de gestão que visem restringir o uso do petrecho para a proteção da diversidade, considerando a sazonalidade e espacialidade no canal, não são recomendadas.

This review addresses the different aspects of the use of titanium and its alloys in the production of dental implants, the most common causes of implant failures and the development of improved surfaces capable of stimulating osseointegration and guaranteeing the long-term success of dental implants. Titanium is the main material for the development of dental implants; despite this, different surface modifications are studied aiming to improve the osseointegration process. Nanoscale modifications and the bioactivation of surfaces with biological molecules can promote faster healing when compared to smooth surfaces. Recent studies have also pointed out that gradual changes in the implant, based on the microenvironment of insertion, are factors that may improve the integration of the implant with soft and bone tissues, preventing infections and osseointegration failures. In this context, the understanding that nanobiotechnological surface modifications in titanium dental implants improve the osseointegration process arouses interest in the development of new strategies, which is a highly relevant factor in the production of improved dental materials.

ABSTRACT: A type of dredge was introduced as fishing gear along the extractive bank of Mangue Seco - PE from which the largest annual catch of Anomalocardia flexuosa in the world is extracted. This study was carried out with the objective of estimating the selectivity of the new fishing gear and quantitatively evaluating the length classes most compromised by the catches, especially considering 20 mm as the reference value. Specimens larger than this size are most likely to be mature. For the selectivity estimation, the methodology using codends (16 or 20 mm) and small meshed cover (2 mm) was used. To estimate the selectivity parameters, a logistic regression and the Bayesian approach were used. The transition between the state in which the specimen is invulnerable to the fishing gear and vulnerable occurs between 10 and 18 mm, using a 16 mm mesh, and using a 20 mm mesh, this transition is between 14 and 20 mm. Dredgers with 16 mm and 20 mm mesh compromise a large proportion of specimens smaller than 20 mm. If the intention is to protect this part of the population, measures such as total restriction of the 16 mm mesh and use of the 20 mm mesh should be necessary only in the months of less catching incidences, or increasing the mesh to 25 mm.

A praia de Mangue Seco, no estado de Pernambuco, é um local com grande quantidade de ecossistemas e se destaca principalmente pela captura da espécie Anomalocardia flexuosa. Neste trabalho foi proposto um zoneamento dessa praia de acordo com as características mais expressivas e também considerando as densidades da Anomalocardia flexuosa. No delineamento da região foram considerados primeiramente os efeitos das águas circundantes e a proximidade da linha de praia; assim, três principais estratos de localização foram avaliados (borda, interior costa e interior mar), além de estratos secundários com divisões latitudinais e longitudinais. No total foram obtidas 176 amostras em campanhas realizadas no ano de 2015. As médias das densidades foram maiores no setor interior costa em todas as campanhas. As zonas localizadas próximas a estuários pareceram mais propícias ao estabelecimento da espécie quando comparadas a locais com maior interferência marinha. Foi possível diferenciar, principalmente, quatro estratos de localização de acordo com as características morfodinâmicas e as densidades da Anomalocardia flexuosa. O primeiro estrato e o mais abundante seria o interior costa, o segundo o interior mar e o estrato borda seria dividido em dois substratos, um mais afastado da linha de praia e outro mais próximo às saídas de foz.

Abstract Background Broad bean fits sustainable agriculture model due to symbiosis with Rhizobium, the seeds being a good source of energy, proteins, polyphenols, and fiber. The large amount of broad bean biomass residues can be employed for biofuel production, thus valorizing the overall production process. This research was aimed to investigate on the effects of farming management, such as greenhouse cultivation and appropriate planting time on the qualities of broad bean seeds and residual biomass for conversion into biofuel. The related balances of energy gain associated to both ethanol yield and nitrogen fertilizer saving due to Rhizobium nitrogen fixation were assessed. Methods Research was carried out on broad bean in Portici, province of Naples, southern Italy, based on the factorial combination of two farming systems (open field, greenhouse) and five planting times: 27 September and 11 October, to obtain early production; 25 October, which fell in the usual period for broad bean planting in the province area; and 8 November and 22 November, for late production. For each of these cultivation conditions, the quality of seeds, in terms of protein, fiber and antioxidant concentrations, and of crop residual biomass were determined. In addition, the energy yield as ethanol production from residual biomass and nitrogen fertilizer saving due to Rhizobium atmospheric fixation were assessed. Results and discussion The highest plant nitrogen uptake was recorded under the fourth planting time in open field and the third in greenhouse, the average accumulation attaining 87% in residual biomass, 7.4% in pods, and 5.6% in seeds. Seed protein content was 12.6% higher in greenhouse than in open field and 16.2% higher under the latest planting time compared to the earliest one. Seed polyphenol concentration was higher in open field than in greenhouse and with the two earliest planting times. Greenhouse grown biomass showed higher values of lignin, hemicellulose and pectin, compared to open field, whereas the opposite trend was for cellulose. Lignin showed a decrease from the first to the last crop cycle, opposite to cellulose, and glucose was the most represented monosaccharide. Both the highest theoretical ethanol and overall energy production were highest with the fourth planting time. Conclusions Greenhouse management enabled broad bean plants to accumulate higher proteins in seeds, but open field conditions resulted in better residual biomass quality for ethanol and Rhizobium-depending energy production.

Abstract Purpose: To compare pulmonary and nutritional parameters before and after inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and enteral feeding support in patients with esophageal disease undergoing preoperative outpatient follow-up. Methods: Thirty patients with a mean age of 55.83 years, 16 men and 14 women, were included. Pulmonary assessment consisted of the measurement of MIP, MEP, and spirometry. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed for nutritional assessment. After preoperative evaluation, inspiratory muscle training and enteral nutrition support were started. A p

This study developed fresh marine catfish (Sciades herzbergii) sausages with boneless fillets using up to 30% of smoked pork back fat (SPF) and evaluated the nutritional (protein, fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrates and energy value), physicochemical (weight loss, shrinkage, water holding capacity, instrumental texture and color and water activity), microbiological and sensory characteristics. The addition of up to 30% SPF in the sausages increased fat, ash, energy value, and decreased moisture and water activity. Concerning the physicochemical aspects, the increase in SPF increased the weight loss during cooking, shrinkage, lightness, redness and yellowness, and improved sensory properties of odor, flavor and overall acceptance. The sausages presented microbial counts according to the limits allowed for human consumption. Therefore, sausages made with marine catfish fillets presented suitable nutritional, physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics. However, although higher global acceptance scores were observed with the increase in SPF levels, no significant differences were detected from the inclusion of 10% SPF. Therefore, it is possible to produce fresh marine catfish sausages with a minimum of 10% SPF, to maintain satisfactory technological and sensory characteristics and a healthier appeal.

Abstract The reliability of estimations of catches of pelagic longline fisheries is especially worrying in the case of non-target species such as the sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri), because they are often recorded aggregated in onboard maps. For this reason, generalized linear models were used to identify a number of important explanatory variables and their effect on sailfish and spearfish proportions. The response variable (number of sailfish in the aggregate capture) is assumed as binomial using the logit link function. The explanatory variables used were foram year, qrt (quarter), fleet, de (distance from equator) and d (distance from areas above sea level). The selected models showed that the equatorial and coastal regions presented higher densities or catchabilities of sailfish when compared to spearfish, as in the case for fleets of China Taipei and the United States. The lowest mean proportion of sailfish [sailfish/(sailfish + spearfish)] of the third quarter were driven mostly by the low estimations calculated for Japan and Brazil.

For the assessment of the environmental and sanitary risks deriving from contamination of agricultural soils, it is crucial to identify and characterize the contaminants and study the soil chemical properties influencing their mobility and bioavailability. This information is essential for the selection of the best site remediation and securing strategy. The study site of this work is agricultural land of 6 ha in the province of Naples (Italy) subject to the past illegal burial of industrial wastes, principally from tanneries. With the aim of identifying the contaminants and assessing their mobility and bioavailability, the soil of the site was characterized for the main chemical and physical properties and for the concentration of potentially toxic elements and hydrocarbons. The readily and potentially bioavailable fractions of the main metal contaminants and their distribution in the soil geochemical fractions were determined by extraction in 1 M of NH4NO3, 0.05 M of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) pH 7, and European Community Bureau of Reference (EU-BCR) sequential fractionation. Further, the speciation of heavy hydrocarbons and chromium was carried out. The agricultural soil was widely contaminated by chromium, zinc, and heavy hydrocarbons (up to 4487, 1846, and 1800 mg/kg, respectively). In some sub-areas, contaminations by cadmium, lead, and copper (up to 283, 417, and 1183 mg/kg, respectively) were also observed. The chromium was found to be scarcely mobile and bioavailable and was mainly associated with the oxidizable, residual, and reducible fractions of the soil (on average 56%, 25%, and 19% of the total, respectively). However, chromium speciation revealed the presence of a significant amount of highly toxic Cr(VI) (above the legal threshold of 2 mg/kg), despite the low oxidizing power of the soil. Zinc was more mobile and bioavailable than chromium and was mainly distributed among the acetic acid-extractable and reducible fractions of the soil (on average 28% and 47% of the total, respectively). Cadmium was found to be very mobile and bioavailable, and was mainly distributed in the acetic acid-extractable and reducible fractions of the soil (on average 40% and 45% of the total). The speciation of heavy hydrocarbons showed that they consist almost entirely of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, considered not very toxic and immobile. These results suggest that the use of not-edible plant coverage might be the best securing and remediation action for the study site, with the potential to preserve the soil ecosystem services, contain the risk of soil erosion and particle dispersion, and phytoextract the bioavailable metals.

Phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is eco-friendly and cost-effective for remediating agricultural contaminated soils, but plants can only take up bioavailable forms of PTEs, thus meaning that bioavailability is the key for the feasibility of this technique. With the aims to assess the phytoextraction efficiency on an agricultural soil contaminated by Cr, Zn, Cd, and Pb and the changes induced by plants in PTE bioavailability and in human health risk due to dietary exposure, in this work we carried out a mesocosm experiment with three successive croppings of Brassica juncea, each followed by Rocket salad as bioindicator. Brassica juncea extracted more Zn and Cd than Cr and Pb, significantly reducing, after three repeated croppings, the bioavailable element concentrations in soil as a result of plant uptake and soil pH changes. For Cd, this reduction did not bring the bioavailable amounts obtained by soil extraction with NH4NO3 below the trigger value of 0.1 mg kg−1 set by some European countries. Nevertheless, the Hazard Quotient for Cd in Rocket salad decreased across three repeated croppings of Brassica juncea. This indicated the beginning of a re-equilibration process between soil PTE forms of different bioavailability, that are in a dynamic equilibrium, thus stressing the need to monitor the possible regeneration of the most readily bioavailable pool.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) responsible for congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and a range of other congenital malformations. Evidence shows that ZIKV infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) in the fetal brain, prompting inflammation and tissue damage/loss. Despite recent advances, little is known about the pathways involved in CZS pathogenesis. We performed a meta-analysis, gene ontology (GO), and pathway analysis of whole transcriptome studies with the aim of clarifying the genes and pathways potentially altered during hNPCs infection with ZIKV. We selected three studies (17 samples of infected hPNCs compared to hPNCs uninfected controls) through a systematic search of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The raw reads were trimmed, counted, and normalized. Next, we performed a rank product meta-analysis to detect consistently differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these independent experiments. We detected 13 statistically significant DEGs. GO ontology and reactome analysis showed an enrichment of interferon, pro-inflammatory, and chemokines signaling and apoptosis pathways in ZIKV-infected cells. Moreover, we detected three possible new candidate genes involved in hNPCs infection: APOL6, XAF1, and TNFRSF1. Our results confirm that interferon (IFN) signaling dominates the ZIKV response, and that a crucial contribution is given by apoptotic pathways, which might elicit the CZS phenotype.