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1. FTO and MC4R polymorphisms, and selected pre-, peri- and postnatal factors as determinants of body mass index and fatness in children: a thorough analysis of the associations

Author: Ewa Bryl, Paula Szcześniewska, Agata Dutkiewicz, Agnieszka Słopień, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, and Tomasz Hanć
Subjects: Body composition, Children, BMI, FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, Environmental factors, Physical anthropology. Somatology, GN49-298
Abstract: Abstract Background Overweight and obesity among children have become significant global health concerns. Previous studies have highlighted the potential role of genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R genes, as well as environmental factors in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between genetic, socioeconomic and perinatal factors, adverse childhood events (ACEs), and lifestyle, and their impact on overweight, obesity and body composition parameters in children. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between genetic factors and ACEs. Methods Four hundred fifty-six children aged 6–12 years participated in our study. Information on the socioeconomic status, perinatal factors, ACEs and lifestyle of the children was collected with a questionnaire completed by their parents/guardians. We examined the children’s body weight and conducted an electrical bioimpedance analysis. Overweight and obesity were diagnosed based on the International Obesity Task Force and McCarthy criteria. We genotyped two selected polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R genes using the TaqMan SNP allelic discrimination method. Results Higher BMI (Body Mass Index) z scores were related to higher paternal BMI and lower maternal age at the child’s birth. Higher FMI (Fat Mass Index) z scores were associated with higher paternal BMI, increased gestational weight, lower maternal education and the presence of the FTO risk allele. Higher FatM (fat mass in kg) z scores were linked to lower maternal education, lower maternal age at the child’s birth, higher maternal body weight gain, paternal BMI and the presence of the FTO risk allele. Moreover, interaction effects were observed on BMI z scores between ACE and FTO AA, and on FMI z scores and FatM z scored between ACE and MC4R CC. Conclusions The contribution of environmental factors is more strongly related to changes in body composition than genetic ones. Additionally, the presence of the risk allele combined with unfavourable environmental factors like ACEs leads to visible interaction effects, resulting in increased BMI z scores and FMI z scores in children.
Published: 2023
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2. Cool executive functions and their association with body mass & fatness and the FTO gene in school-aged children

Author: Paula Szcześniewska, Ewa Bryl, Agata Dutkiewicz, Aneta R. Borkowska, Karolina Bilska, Elżbieta Paszyńska, Agnieszka Słopień, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, and Tomasz Hanć
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The FTO gene rs9936909 polymorphism is one of the well-documented single nucleotide polymorphisms in the context of increased risk of obesity, including in children. Few studies have tested the association of the FTO gene with cognitive functions. Deficits of “cool” executive functions (EFs) are considered a potential risk factor for excessive weight. The aims of our study were to investigate whether cool EFs are associated with the Body Mass Index, the Fat Mass Index and the risk of excess body mass and overfatness in neurotypically school-aged children, and whether the FTO gene polymorphism is involved in development of this possible association. The sample consisted of 553 children aged 6–12 years old. A body composition analysis, a neuropsychological assessment of EFs, and FTO polymorphism genotyping were performed in the children studied. The study found a significant association of an interference effect in theStroop Color-Word Interference Task and the risk of excessive body fatness, but not excessive body mass. There were no explicit associations between the FTO genotype and EFs deficits. Environmental factors, and particularly low maternal education, appeared to be the strongest contributors to the increased risk of obesity.
Published: 2023
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3. Biomarkers of Depression among Adolescent Girls: BDNF and Epigenetics

Author: Weronika Zwolińska, Karolina Bilska, Kateryna Tarhonska, Edyta Reszka, Maria Skibińska, Natalia Pytlińska, Agnieszka Słopień, and Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
Subjects: mood disorders, depression, adolescence, child psychiatry, biomarkers, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression have been suggested to mediate the influence of environmental factors on the emergence of depression through epigenetic modifications. However, research on this subject in the developmental population is lacking and the pathophysiology of adolescent depression remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the alterations in BDNF expression and global DNA methylation in depression among adolescent girls. Thirty female inpatients with the initial diagnosis of depression were assessed before and after the period of antidepressant treatment and compared with thirty age-matched healthy controls. The assessment involved BDNF and proBDNF serum levels, the BDNF gene exon IV promoter methylation, and global DNA methylation. The methylation level in the BDNF gene exon IV promoter was significantly lower in the studied group compared with the control and correlated negatively with the severity of depression. The test distinguished the studied group from the controls with a sensitivity of 37% and specificity of 90%. The differences were no longer present after the period of antidepressant treatment. No differences in the global DNA methylation, BDNF, and proBDNF levels were found. We concluded that decreased methylation in the BDNF exon IV promoter could be considered as a biomarker of a depression state among adolescent girls.
Published: 2024
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4. Ghrelin and Obestatin in Adolescent Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Is There an Association with Disordered Eating, Depression, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms?

Author: Agata Dutkiewicz, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Karolina Bilska, Elżbieta Paszyńska, Magdalena Roszak, Weronika Zwolińska, Natalia Pytlińska, Agnieszka Słopień, and Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
Subjects: anorexia nervosa, ghrelin, obestatin, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating and significant weight loss. In the course of AN, changes are observed in appetite regulation, including orexigenic ghrelin and potentially anorexigenic obestatin. The study aimed to determine if any changes in serum ghrelin and obestatin levels during treatment of AN are observed, while investigating the correlations between these peptides and the severity of disturbed eating attitudes, depression, and anxiety. Thirty adolescent inpatients with AN (examined twice: before hospitalization treatment AN-BT and after treatment AN-AT) and thirty healthy age- and height-matched girls (CG) participated in the study. Anthropometric, serum ghrelin and obestatin concentrations and psychometric evaluations (Eating Attitudes Test 26 Item-EAT-26, Beck Depression Inventory-BDI, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-HDRS, and Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Y-BOCS) were performed. The study revealed significantly higher ghrelin and obestatin levels in AN-BT than in AN-AT. A trend toward lower levels during treatment provided partial normalizations. Analyzing correlations in the AN-BT vs. CG group, correlations of peptides with EAT-26, BDI, and HDRS scores were detected. These results suggest a potential role for ghrelin and obestatin in the context of defense mechanisms regulating appetite and body weight in the course of AN and in terms of psychopathological changes co-occurring with this eating disorder.
Published: 2022
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5. Mentalizing in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder

Author: Magdalena Uzar, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, and Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: mentalizing, borderline personality disorder, adolescents, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Mentalizing, recognized as the capacity to understand behaviors in the context of our own mental states and those of other people, is being researched more and more commonly in regard to various mental disorders. The research on mentalization focuses on, among other things, borderline personality disorder, which is at present perceived as an emerging problem in the population of adolescents. In order to summarize the currently accessible knowledge of mentalizing in adolescents with borderline personality disorder, we thoroughly analyzed relevant publications. Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that the mentalizing ability of adolescents with borderline personality disorder can be impaired. The evidence demonstrates that they are prone to hypermentalizing, defined as an overattribution of mental states to other people. However, this tendency has not been proven to be specific to teenagers with this disorder. Moreover, the existing data suggest that young people with borderline personality exhibit a reduced capacity to mentalize their own inner states.
Published: 2023
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6. Development of zoophilic interests and behaviors in the example of an adolescent male

Author: Marta Szymańska-Pytlińska, Maria Beisert, and Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: diagnosis, zoophilia, bestiality, Psychology, BF1-990
Published: 2020
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7. Apelin-13 and Asprosin in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa and Their Association with Psychometric and Metabolic Variables

Author: Katarzyna Jowik, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, Natalia Pytlińska, Anna Jasińska-Mikołajczyk, Agnieszka Słopień, and Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
Subjects: anorexia nervosa, apelin, asposin, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a widespread, metabo-psychiatric disorder with high relapse rates, comorbidity, and mortality. Many regulatory proteins and neurohormones studied to date play essential roles in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders and the maintenance of psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, the regulatory and pathophysiological mechanisms of AN are still poorly understood. In the presented study, the plasma levels of apelin-13 (APE-13) and asprosin (ASP), as well as carbohydrate metabolism parameters and psychometric parameters, were evaluated in low-weight adolescent female patients with AN (AN1), after partial weight normalization (AN2) and in an age-matched healthy control group (CG) were evaluated. APE-13 levels were higher in the AN1 group than in the post-realimentation and the CG group. APE-13 levels were independent of insulin and glucose levels. Plasma ASP levels increased with increasing body weight in patients with AN, correlating with the severity of eating disorder symptoms in emaciation. The presented data suggest that APE-13 and ASP may be AN’s biomarkers-regulation of eating behavior by APE-13 and ASP, the close relationship between them and emotional behavior, and changes in neurohormone levels in patients with eating and affective disorders seem to support these hypotheses. Moreover, their plasma levels seem to be related to the severity of psychopathological symptoms of eating disorders.
Published: 2022
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8. ProBDNF as an Indicator of Improvement among Women with Depressive Episodes

Author: Weronika Zwolińska, Maria Skibinska, Agnieszka Słopień, and Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
Subjects: mood disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, biomarkers, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Depression is a chronic psychiatric disorder with a heavy socioeconomic burden. Studies on biomarkers are needed to comprehend the pathophysiology of depression and to improve treatment outcomes. Research points to the importance of imbalance between mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor, pro–brain–derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and the potential neurodegenerative role of calcium-binding protein B (S100B). Our objective was to compare BDNF, proBDNF, and S100B serum levels before and after the treatment of acute depressive episodes and to assess their correlation with the severity of symptoms and history of stress. We also aimed to investigate the differences in BDNF, proBDNF, and S100B levels between depression in the course of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). We recruited 31 female patients diagnosed with BD or MDD who were hospitalized due to current depressive episodes. The patients had their serum BDNF, proBDNF, and S100B levels evaluated using the ELISA method upon admission and after the symptoms improved, at discharge. We found that proBDNF levels decreased significantly with the treatment (p = 0.0478), while BDNF and S100B levels were not altered significantly. No differences in biochemical parameters between MDD and BD subjects were observed. Consequently, we concluded that a decrease in serum proBDNF levels could be considered a biomarker of recovery from depressive episodes.
Published: 2022
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9. Project Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) Autism: A Successful Model to Increase Capacity in Community-Based Care

Author: Kristin Sohl, Agnieszka Rynkiewicz, Valeria Nanclares-Nogués, Alicia Brewer Curran, Julie Scorah, Mandy Steiman, Catherine Lord, Roma A. Vasa, Agnieszka Słopień, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, Izabela Łucka, and Artur Mazur
Subjects: autism spectrum disorder, ECHO Autism, health care access, screening, global programs, primary care providers, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) struggle to access high-quality health care due to the shortage of trained providers. ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) Autism is a unique educational program that allows ASD experts to provide knowledge and skills to professionals in local communities to deliver evidence-based care to children with ASD and their families. The model teaches clinicians how to screen and diagnose ASD, as well as manage common co-occurring medical and mental health issues. ECHO Autism is particularly useful for addressing the complex needs of children with ASD and reducing disparities often present in rural and underserved communities. The model can be disseminated globally due to its flexibility in accommodating local and regional differences in social norms and constructs. This article provides an overview of the format of the ECHO Autism model, data supporting the model’s efficacy, and discusses future research directions.
Published: 2022
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10. Kompetentni użytkownicy i standardy użytkowania wywiadu do diagnozowania autyzmu ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised) oraz protokołu obserwacji do diagnozowania zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition)

Author: Agnieszka Rynkiewicz, Bryan King, Karolina Kalisz, Agnieszka Słopień, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, and Izabela Łucka
Subjects: ADOS-2, ADI-R, użytkownicy, narzędzia diagnostyczne, standardy, Medicine
Abstract: Wywiad do diagnozowania autyzmu ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised, ADI-R) oraz protokół obserwacji do diagnozowania zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition) to rzetelnie zwalidowane i wystandaryzowane narzędzia, od dziesięcioleci szeroko stosowane w praktyce klinicznej i badawczej na świecie. Procedury wykonania badania przy użyciu obu narzędzi podlegają ściśle określonym normom, co umożliwia wszechstronną ocenę osób z podejrzeniem zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu (autism spectrum disorder, ASD). Wykazano przydatność obu narzędzi w różnicowaniu dzieci, adolescentów i dorosłych z ASD oraz tych z rozpoznaniami innymi niż ASD – zwłaszcza w przypadku łącznego zastosowania obu procedur. Tak jak w przypadku wielu innych narzędzi do oceny objawów ASD, wyniki uzyskane w testach ADI-R i ADOS-2 wykazują podatność na wpływ zmiennych rozwojowych, takich jak wiek czy iloraz inteligencji oraz trudności behawioralne osoby badanej. Doświadczeni klinicyści są świadomi tego, że na uzyskane wyniki mają także wpływ współchorobowość oraz płeć osoby badanej, co ilustrują przykłady kobiet z autyzmem niezdiagnozowanym w wieku rozwojowym bądź osób bez niepełnosprawności intelektualnej czy znacznych trudności komunikacyjnych. Niniejszy artykuł w zwięzły sposób przybliża narzędzia ADI-R i ADOS-2, a także podstawowe rekomendacje dotyczące ich zastosowania, które są niezmienne niezależnie od kraju czy warunków wykonania badania. Celem pracy jest omówienie wytycznych i standardów użytkowania ADI-R i ADOS-2, które nie są tożsame ze standardami dotyczącymi zakupu obu narzędzi. Procedury wykonywania i kodowania ADI-R i ADOS-2 są wysoko wystandaryzowane. Zgodnie z obowiązującymi wytycznymi wyłącznie specjaliści, którzy ukończyli szkolenia w zakresie stosowania ADI-R i ADOS-2, mogą być ich kompetentnymi użytkownikami, a wyniki wykonanych przez nich badań są uznawane za rzetelne i wiarygodne.
Published: 2018
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11. Stanowisko ekspertów w kwestii postępowania w przypadku pacjentów z jadłowstrętem psychicznym o ciężkim przebiegu, którzy nie wyrażają zgody na leczenie

Author: Barbara Remberk, Agnieszka Gmitrowicz, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, Irena Namysłowska, Tomasz Wolańczyk, Andrzej Rajewski, Agnieszka Słopień, Piotr Gorczyca, Anita Bryńska, Izabela Łucka, Ireneusz Jelonek, and Piotr Sierakowski
Subjects: jadłowstręt psychiczny, zgoda na leczenie, leczenie wbrew woli, choroba psychiczna, Medicine
Abstract: Jadłowstręt psychiczny to zaburzenie, które wprzypadku braku leczenia lub niekorzystnego przebiegu może doprowadzić do zgonu chorego. Elementem obrazu psychopatologicznego często jest obniżony krytycyzm, mogący skutkować brakiem zgody pacjenta na proponowane leczenie. Ustawa o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego określa sytuacje, wktórych dopuszczalne jest leczenie osoby chorej bez jej zgody. Zagadnieniu temu poświęcone było posiedzenie zespołu ekspertów powołanego przez konsultanta krajowego wdziedzinie psychiatrii dzieci i młodzieży. W toku dyskusji sformułowano następującą opinię: istnieje grupa pacjentów, u których objawy jadłowstrętu psychicznego (anorexia nervosa) spełniają kryteria zaburzeń myślenia ispostrzegania odpowiadające pojęciu choroby psychicznej wrozumieniu art. 23 i 29 ustawy o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego, a stan fizyczny i uporczywe kontynuowanie zagrażających zachowań stwarzają zagrożenie życia. Objawy spełniające kryteria zaburzeń myślenia ispostrzegania odpowiadające pojęciu choroby psychicznej najczęściej dotyczą oceny rzeczywistości (związków przyczynowo-skutkowych, oceny własnego stanu zdrowia, postrzegania swojego ciała). Przekonania te występują wkontekście chorobowym isą ewidentnie fałszywe (jak przekonanie owłasnej tuszy u osoby skrajnie wyniszczonej), lecz odczuwane jako oczywiste. Nie podlegają refleksji ani też korekcji wprzebiegu dyskusji, nawet wobec ewidentnych dowodów skrajnie złego stanu fizycznego w badaniach dodatkowych. Charakter i nasilenie objawów odpowiadają wówczas zaburzeniom treści myślenia i spostrzegania w postaci psychotycznej. Istnieje zatem grupa pacjentów z jadłowstrętem psychicznym, w których przypadku choroba może być uznana za chorobę psychiczną w rozumieniu ustawy o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego i można stwierdzić spełnienie przesłanek art. 23 lub 29 tejże ustawy.
Published: 2018
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12. Anorexia Nervosa—What Has Changed in the State of Knowledge about Nutritional Rehabilitation for Patients over the Past 10 Years? A Review of Literature

Author: Katarzyna Jowik, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, and Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: anorexia nervosa, refeeding, medical assessment, treatment, nutritional rehabilitation, supplementation, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psycho-metabolic disorder with a high risk of somatic complications such as refeeding syndrome (RFS) and carries the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric illnesses. To date, the consensus on the care for patients with AN has been based on recommendations for a combination of alimentation and psychotherapy. It is important to establish an initial caloric intake that will provide weight gain and minimize the risk of complications in the treatment of undernourished patients. Research over the past few years suggests that current treatment recommendations may be too stringent and should be updated. The aim of this paper is to systematize the current reports on nutritional rehabilitation in AN, to present the results of studies on the safe supplementation of patients and its potential impact on improving prognosis and the healing process. This review of literature, from 2011–2021, describes the changing trend in the nutritional protocols used and the research on their efficacy, safety, and long-term effects. In addition, it presents previous reports on the potential benefits of introducing vitamin, pro-and prebiotic and fatty acid supplementation.
Published: 2021
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13. Do Hot Executive Functions Relate to BMI and Body Composition in School Age Children?

Author: Paula Szcześniewska, Tomasz Hanć, Ewa Bryl, Agata Dutkiewicz, Aneta R. Borkowska, Elżbieta Paszyńska, Agnieszka Słopień, and Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
Subjects: hot executive functions, body composition, obesity, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Deficits of ‘hot’ executive functions (EFs) involving emotional and motivational processes are considered as a risk factor for excessive weight, but few studies have tested the relationship between hot EFs and body composition in children. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the ability to delay gratification and affective decision-making with the body mass index (BMI) and body composition in children with typical neurocognitive development. The sample consisted of 553 Polish children aged between 6–12 y. The delay of gratification task (DGT) was applied to assess the ability to delay gratification. The Hungry Donkey test (HDT) was applied to assess affective decision-making. The indicators of decision-making in the HDT were net score and learning rate. The relationships between hot EFs and BMI, fat mass index (FMI), lean body mass index (LBMI) were tested. The association of the z scores of BMI and FMI, overweight/obesity, and the ability to delay gratification was found insignificant after controlling cofounding factors. Most of the results on affective decision-making and z scores for BMI, FMI and LBMI were insignificant as well. The relationship between the ability to delay gratification, affective decision-making, and adiposity is not pronounced in typically developed children.
Published: 2021
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14. Bulimia nervosa – its prevalence, symptoms and treatment with special attention to oral health

Author: Agata Osińska, Marta Mozol-Jursza, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Agnieszka Słopień, and Elżbieta Paszyńska
Subjects: bulimia nervosa, enamel erosion, dentist, diabetes, psychotherapy, Medicine
Abstract: Bulimia nervosa is a serious and complex health problem encountered by many professionals, including general practitioners and dentists. The aim of the study was to describe the problem of bulimia (its prevalence, symptoms, special situations, treatment), with particular emphasis on the aspect of the oral health. The paper presents the causes and factors contributing to the disease, diagnostic criteria, the onset and the possible course of the disease, dental and oral mucosa pathologies due to bulimia as well as other comorbidities (including diabetes). The paper is of descriptive nature. The research method was based on the analysis of the available literature on bulimia nervosa supplemented by our own experience. It was concluded based on the analysed sources that appropriate diagnosis and treatment of bulimia nervosa is possible only with the cooperation of many specialists: psychiatrists or paediatric psychiatrists, dentists and general practitioners as well as other doctors if necessary. Psychotherapy is a necessary and integral aspect of treatment. Early treatment onset is essential for good treatment outcomes. Due to the low sense of illness, some patients would never meet a psychiatrist if not for the intervention of a family doctor or a dentist.
Published: 2016
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15. Polish Psychiatric Association diagnostic and therapeutic management guidelines for patients with early-onset schizophrenia

Author: Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, Dominika Dudek, Janusz Heitzman, Barbara Remberk, Jerzy Samochowiec, Agnieszka Słopień, and Adam Wichniak
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, General Medicine
Abstract: Wczesne zachorowanie na schizofrenię (przed 18 r.ż.) jest związane z wyższym niż w przypadku osób dorosłych ryzkiem opóźnionej lub niewłaściwej diagnozy, cięższym przebiegiem choroby, zwiększoną wrażliwością na działania niepożądane leków przeciwpsychotycznych. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie zaleceń na temat postępowania diagnostycznego i terapeutycznego u chorych na schizofrenię o wczesnym początku, przygotowanych na podstawie przeglądu literatury i konsensusu grupy ekspertów zajmujących się leczeniem schizofrenii. Formalne kryteria, których spełnienie wymagane jest do postawienia diagnozy schizofrenii, są takie same u dzieci i u dorosłych. Schizofrenia o wczesnym początku wymaga starannego różnicowania z zaburzeniami afektywnymi jedno i dwubiegunowymi, zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu (ASD), zaburzeniami lękowymi. Ocena diagnostyczna w kierunku zaburzeń psychotycznych konieczne jest także w przypadku występowania zaburzeń zachowania, zachowań niszczycielskich i agresji oraz samouszkodzeń. Podstawową formą leczenia schizofrenii jest leczenie farmakologiczne, które jest stosowane w leczeniu ostrych epizodów, leczeniu podtrzymującym - zapobieganiu nawrotom. Stosowanie interwencji farmakologicznych u dzieci i młodzieży jedynie w celu zmniejszenie ryzyka rozwoju psychozy nie jest jednak zasadne. Leki przeciwpsychotyczne istotnie różnią się profilem tolerancji, ale też skutecznością kliniczną. Leki przeciwpsychotyczne II generacji zarejestrowane do leczenia schizofrenii o wczesnym początku – arypiprazol, lurazydon i paliperydon umożliwiają jej skuteczne i bezpieczne leczenie. Niezbędnym uzupełnieniem leczenia farmakologicznego są interwencje pozafarmakologiczne, które powinny być dostosowane do wieku pacjenta, jego możliwości poznawczych, fazy choroby, a także potrzeb całej rodziny.
Published: 2022

16. Salivary Biomarkers (Opiorphin, Cortisol, Amylase, and IgA) Related to Age, Sex, and Stress Perception in a Prospective Cohort of Healthy Schoolchildren

Author: Paula Szczesniewska, Justyna Otulakowska-Skrzynska, Anna Krahel, Tomasz Hanć, Maria Gawriolek, Amadeusz Hernik, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Ewa Bryl, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Agnieszka Słopień, Elzbieta Paszynska, Yves Boucher, and Szymon Rzatowski
Subjects: Male, Hydrocortisone, Article Subject, Immunology, Physiology, Cohort Studies, Pathology, medicine, Humans, RB1-214, Prospective Studies, Amylase, Salivary Proteins and Peptides, Child, Saliva, Salivary biomarkers, Prospective cohort study, biology, business.industry, Opiorphin, Cell Biology, Immunoglobulin A, Stress perception, Amylases, biology.protein, Female, Perception, business, Oligopeptides, Biomarkers, Stress, Psychological, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background. The use of easily accessible biomarkers for assessing young patients’ health is weighty. This cohort study is aimed at measuring stress/immune biomarkers in the saliva of healthy school-age children and comparing subgroups according to age, sex, and stress perception. Material and Methods. 503 children under 12 years old ( 8.7 ± 1.3 ) were included with anthropometric evaluation (height, waist, hip circumference, body weight, and body mass index (BMI)). Levels of opiorphin (OPI), free cortisol, alpha-amylase (sAA), and secreted immunoglobulin (sIgA) were determined by quantitative assays (ELISA) in unstimulated saliva. Unpaired t -test, Welch test, and Mann–Whitney U test were applied for appropriate group comparisons, and the correlation between variables was analyzed with Spearman’s rank coefficient. Results were considered significant at p < 0.05 . Results. sIgA and sAA exhibited significant differences depending on age and sex: IgA (ng/mL): 86 ± 68.6 vs. 104.9 ± 72.1 for (6-7 y.o.) and (8-11 y.o.), respectively, and 108.1 ± 80.1 vs. 94.6 ± 62.2 for male and females, respectively; sAA (U/mL): 78.9 ± 54.4 vs. 100.5 ± 81.2 for (6-7 y.o.) and (8-11 y.o.). No difference related to age or sex between groups was observed for cortisol and OPI. However, OPI levels were higher and correlated to prior stress exposure in children ( 0.31 ± 0.4 vs. 0.26 ± 0.5 ng / mL , p = 0.031 ). sAA was negatively correlated to low mood self-declaration in children in the last two weeks ( r = − 0.10 , p = 0.045 ). Conclusions. sIgA and sAA can be used as sex- and age-related biomarkers in children 6-12 y.o., which is not the case for free cortisol and opiorphin. However, OPI reflected previous exposure to stress, suggesting its use for evaluating stress-related changes in children
Published: 2021

17. Biomarkers in Child and Adolescent Depression

Author: Weronika Zwolińska, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, and Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: Natural course, education.field_of_study, Population, Disease, medicine.disease, Disease course, Child and adolescent, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Major depressive disorder, education, Psychology, Depression (differential diagnoses), Clinical psychology, Pediatric population
Abstract: Despite the significant prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder in the pediatric population, the pathophysiology of this condition remains unclear, and the treatment outcomes poor. Investigating tools that might aid in diagnosing and treating early-onset depression seems essential in improving the prognosis of the future disease course. Recent studies have focused on searching for biomarkers that constitute biochemical indicators of MDD susceptibility, diagnosis, or treatment outcome. In comparison to increasing evidence of possible biomarkers in adult depression, the studies investigating this subject in the youth population are lacking. This narrative review aims to summarize research on molecular and biochemical biomarkers in child and adolescent depression in order to advocate future directions in the research on this subject. More studies on depression involving the youth population seem vital to comprehend the natural course of the disease and identify features that may underlie commonly observed differences in treatment outcomes between adults and children.
Published: 2021

18. Progress and stumbling blocks in the discovery of biological and genetic basis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Author: Joanna Duda, Agnieszka Słopień, and Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, medicine, Humans, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Neuroimaging, General Medicine, Child, medicine.disease, Psychology, Neuroscience, Biomarkers
Abstract: Zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi (ADHD) jest jednym z najczęstszych zaburzeń neurorozwojowych, który dotyka około 5% dzieci w wieku szkolnym. Pomimo zdefiniowanych kryteriów diagnostycznych, nie zawsze jesteśmy w stanie postawić diagnozę tak szybko, jak to możliwe i rozpocząć optymalne leczenie. Pomimo szerokiego wachlarza nowoczesnych metod wykorzystywanych w badaniach nadal nie w pełni rozumiemy biologiczne przyczyny rozwoju ADHD. Dlatego kontynuujemy badania mające na celu wyjaśnienie genetycznego i neurobiologicznego podłoża ADHD. W analizie genetycznej badania skupiają się na poszukiwaniu genów ryzyka (np. mutacji, polimorfizmów wariantów CNV), ich transkryptów i białek, jak również mechanizmów modyfikujących ekspresję genów (np. modyfikacje epigenetyczne). W badaniach szczególną uwagę poświęcamy identyfikacji nieinwazyjnych, prostych i tanich biomarkerów obwodowych, niezwykle cennych w diagnostyce, przewidywaniu i monitorowaniu choroby. Praca podsumowuje wiedzę obecny stan dotyczący procesów biologicznych leżących u podstaw ADHD. Wyniki prezentowanych badań molekularnych i neuroobrazowych wskazują wyzwania badacze i możliwości zastosowania klinicznego istotnych biomarkerów genetycznych i niegenetycznych związanych z ADHD.
Published: 2021

19. Psychofarmakologia kliniczna

Author: Katarzyna Bliźniewska-Kowalska, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, Dominika Dudek, Piotr Gałecki, Bogusław Habrat, Janusz Heitzman, Jan Jaracz, Marek Jarema, Jakub Kaźmierski, Małgorzata Kossut, Katarzyna Kucharska, Piotr Maciejak, Radosław Magierski, Sławomir Murawiec, Artur Pałasz, Joanna Pawlak, Barbara Remberk, Filip Rybakowski, Jerzy Samochowiec, Marcin Siwek, Agnieszka Słopień, Tomasz Sobów, Tomasz Szafrański, Łukasz Święcicki, Anna Wasik, Krzysztof Wojtasik-Bakalarz, Adam Wichniak, Aleksandra Wierzbicka, Dariusz Włodarek, Marcin Wojnar, Tomasz Wolańczyk, and Janusz Rybakowski
Published: 2022

20. Management for Caries Prevention in ADHD Children

Author: Elzbieta Paszynska, Anna Krahel, Malgorzata Pawinska, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, Aleksandra Perczak, Agnieszka Słopień, and Maria Gawriolek
Subjects: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Dental Caries Susceptibility, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Child
Abstract: Emotional Dysregulations (ED) represent a major health risk present in about 5% of children and are associated with diverse forms of childhood psychiatric disorders and symptoms such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [...]
Published: 2022

21. Development of zoophilic interests and behaviors in the example of an adolescent male

Author: Agnieszka Słopień, Maria Beisert, and Marta Szymańska-Pytlińska
Subjects: Social Psychology, diagnosis, zoophilia, Zoophilia, Psychology, bestiality, BF1-990, Developmental psychology
Abstract: BackgroundIn the research literature the phenomenon of bestiality is considered as a form of animal abuse or as an expression of love and affection toward animals or even as another sexual orientation.Participants and procedureThe article elucidates the mechanisms of development and maintenance of paraphilia in an 18-year-old single male. Psychologi-cal evaluation was conducted with both clinical and psychometric measures. The patient’s course of psychosexual development is characterized by two perspectives – his own and that of his mother.ResultsAt the time of the assessment, the subject’s primary sexual outlet was masturbation and zoophilic sexual contact with sheep. The deviation developed over ten years prior to the exposure of the patient’s zoophilic interests. The diagnostic process indicated that the subject suffers from significant psychopathology. Following the assessment, the patient was diagnosed with another disor-der of sexual preference (F65.8) based on the ICD-10 criteria. The mechanisms of development and maintenance of his para-philia are discussed with regard to other research.ConclusionsPatients who have sex with animals, or who fantasize about doing so, often struggle with negative reactions from their therapists (including a lack of knowledge, laughter, and pressure) when they decide to disclose their experiences. The article may be useful to clinicians who encounter this problem in their practice as an example of the functional capturing of this phenomenon.
Published: 2020

22. Anorexia Nervosa with Vomiting Episodes: Dermatological and Oral Complications

Author: Dorota Jenerowicz, Natalia Smalc, Agata Dutkiewicz, Marta Mozol-Jursza, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Agnieszka Słopień, Agata Osińska, and Elzbieta Paszynska
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, vomiting, business.industry, MEDLINE, Context (language use), Case Report, 030206 dentistry, Disease, anorexia nervosa, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Intervention (counseling), dental erosion, medicine, Vomiting, xerosis, medicine.symptom, Oral mucosa, Intensive care medicine, business, General Dentistry, Research method
Abstract: The aim of the study was to highlight the aspect of oral and cutaneous changes in anorexia nervosa (AN) as a purging type. On the basis of three clinical cases, a description has been made of the beginning and the possible course of the disease, teeth, oral mucosa, and skin changes resulting from the illness. The research method was based on the analysis of the available literature on AN supplemented by clinical experience of presented cases. On the basis of the interdisciplinary analysis, it was concluded that the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of AN are possible only with the collaboration of many specialists—psychiatrist or pediatric psychiatrist, general practitioner, dermatologist, dentist, and if necessary other medical specialists. In this context, psychotherapy is an integral aspect of treatment. Therefore, early intervention is essential to obtain good results of treatment.
Published: 2020

23. Eighteen-year patient observation with very early onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, 030225 pediatrics, Patient Observation, Medicine, Bipolar disorder, business, medicine.disease, Very early onset, 030227 psychiatry
Abstract: A clinical picture of bipolar affective disorders in children and adolescents is variable and dependent on the specificity of developmental age. From diagnostic and therapeutic point, especially difficult are cases with the pre-pubertal onset. In the article, a case report of 18-year observation of male patient with the onset of bipolar affective disorder at 11 years of age is presented. This very early pre-pubertal onset of the illness was manifested with rapid cycling, depressive episode with psychotic symptoms and the classic symptoms of mania. The use of lithium carbonate appeared effective and safe. Lithium was used for two years in combination with valproates, and in following years as monotherapy. In recent two years, due to depressive episodes of moderate intensity, the patients also received fluoxetine on periodic basis. No adverse effects of the treatment were observed.
Published: 2020

24. The Relation Between Prenatal Stress, Overweight and Obesity in Children Diagnosed According to BMI and Percentage Fat Tissue

Author: Ewa Bryl, Tomasz Hanć, Paula Szcześniewska, Agata Dutkiewicz, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, and Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: Cohort Studies, Male, Pediatric Obesity, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Adipose Tissue, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Overweight, Child, Body Mass Index, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: BackgroundOverweight and obesity in children have a negative impact not only on the physical development but also on the mental health of children. That is why researchers are constantly looking for possible causes of such high frequency of this phenomenon. One of the environmental factors contributing to abnormal weight changes in children may be maternal exposure to adverse environmental factors during pregnancy, which in previous studies led to inconclusive results showing both overweight and obesity and underweight in children. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between prenatal stress and body weight status. MethodsThe cohort study included 254 girls and 276 boys. Information on prenatal stress was collected with a questionnaire completed by a parent/guardian of a 6–12-year-old child. We assessed the body mass status on the basis of BMI according to the IOTF criterion and on the basis of body fat according to McCarthy criterion. ResultsThe results of our study show that the prenatal stress was related to increased risk of overweight (OR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.25-3.65) diagnosed on the basis of body fat cut-off points, but not when the BMI was a diagnostic criterion (OR 1.03, 95%CI:0.58-1.83). ConclusionThe method of diagnosis based on the fat content appears to be an indicator of the occurrence of abnormalities in body composition due to prenatal stress more sensitive than that based on the BMI. Level of evidence: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies
Published: 2021

25. The role of factors associated with the course of pregnancy and childbirth in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Author: Elzbieta Lipińska, Agnieszka Słopień, Anita Bryńska, R Słopień, Tomasz Wolańczyk, and Natalia Pytlińska
Subjects: Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Mothers, Reducing substances, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, medicine, Childbirth, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Humans, Medical history, Child, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Parturition, General Medicine, Jaundice, medicine.disease, Causality, Psychiatry and Mental health, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Etiology, Apgar score, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Cel pracyOcena częstości występowania czynników ryzyka związanych z przebiegiem ciąży i porodu oraz ze stanem dziecka po porodzie, w grupie dzieci i młodzieży z ADHD i grupie kontrolnej.Metoda205 niespokrewnionych dzieci i młodzieży z rozpoznaniem ADHD oraz 106 uczniów szkół podstawowych i ponadpodstawowych, w wieku 7-17 lat. Matki dzieci i młodzieży z rozpoznaniem ADHD oraz z grupy kontrolnej zostały poproszone o udzielenie wywiadu w celu uzyskania danych do uzupełnienia Kwestionariusza wywiadu ciążowo-okołoporodowego.WynikiIstotne statystycznie różnice (p 35 r.ż., zastosowanie substancji redukujących ból porodowy oraz występowanie problemów z dzieckiem w czasie porodu, uzyskanie przez noworodka wyniku w skali Apgar w przedziale 5-7 pkt., występowanie u noworodka po porodzie żółtaczki wymagającej leczenia, zwłaszcza przy pomocy transfuzji wymiennej, anomalii fizycznych/problemów wrodzonych, a także problemów adaptacyjnych wymagających podania tlenu lub umieszczenia w inkubatorze.WnioskiIstotnie częstsze występowanie w grupie ADHD w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną czynników ryzyka związanych z przebiegiem ciąży, porodu oraz ze stanem dziecka po porodzie, może świadczyć o ich potencjalnej roli w etiologii ADHD.
Published: 2021

26. Anorexia Nervosa-What Has Changed in the State of Knowledge about Nutritional Rehabilitation for Patients over the Past 10 Years? A Review of Literature

Author: Agnieszka Słopień, Katarzyna Jowik, and Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Anorexia Nervosa, microbiome, Review, Refeeding syndrome, Medicine, Humans, TX341-641, Intensive care medicine, refeeding, Potential impact, medical assessment, Nutrition and Dietetics, treatment, business.industry, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, nutritional rehabilitation, Mortality rate, medicine.disease, Caloric intake, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Dietary Supplements, supplementation, Changing trend, Nutrition Therapy, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, Nutritional rehabilitation, Food Science
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psycho-metabolic disorder with a high risk of somatic complications such as refeeding syndrome (RFS) and carries the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric illnesses. To date, the consensus on the care for patients with AN has been based on recommendations for a combination of alimentation and psychotherapy. It is important to establish an initial caloric intake that will provide weight gain and minimize the risk of complications in the treatment of undernourished patients. Research over the past few years suggests that current treatment recommendations may be too stringent and should be updated. The aim of this paper is to systematize the current reports on nutritional rehabilitation in AN, to present the results of studies on the safe supplementation of patients and its potential impact on improving prognosis and the healing process. This review of literature, from 2011–2021, describes the changing trend in the nutritional protocols used and the research on their efficacy, safety, and long-term effects. In addition, it presents previous reports on the potential benefits of introducing vitamin, pro-and prebiotic and fatty acid supplementation.
Published: 2021

27. Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) With Obesity And Underweight In Children

Author: Paula Szcześniewska, Ewa Bryl, Elzbieta Paszynska, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Agnieszka Słopień, Agata Dutkiewicz, Tomasz Hanć, and Aneta R. Borkowska
Subjects: business.industry, Standard score, Overweight, medicine.disease, Obesity, Cohort Studies, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Thinness, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Educational Status, Humans, Medicine, Residence, Underweight, medicine.symptom, Child, Association (psychology), business, Socioeconomic status, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract: PurposeThe aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to both obesity and underweight from childhood, and that the association of ACEs with weight abnormalities is modulated by type of ACEs, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) indices.MethodsThe relations between ACEs (0 vs ≥ 1), ACE accumulation and ACE type with weight status andzscores BMI were assessed in 503 children aged 6–12 years from Poznan, Poland. The effects of interaction of ACEs with sex and SES onzscores BMI were included in the analyses.ResultsACEs were significantly related to both obesity and underweight, in unadjusted analysis, and when sex and SES indices, such as size of place of residence, people per room in household, and parental education were controlled. The relation of ACEs withzscores BMI was modulated by ACE type, parental subjective assessment of economic situation of a family and parental education. ACE accumulation was not related to an increase of obesity or underweight rate, orzscores BMI.ConclusionThe study implicates the need for both obesity and underweight prevention in individuals with adverse experiences as early as in childhood.Level of evidenceIII: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort study.
Published: 2021

28. Psychiatria dzieci i młodzieży. Tom 1

Author: Lena Cichoń, Mirosław Dąbkowski, Ireneusz Jelonek, Paweł Dębski, Anna Zielińska, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, Ewa Racicka-Pawlukiewicz, Anna Kaźmierczak-Mytkowska, Tomasz Wolańczyk, Krzysztof M Wilczyński, Izabela Łucka, Piotr Gorczyca, Bernadetta Izydorczyk, Krystyna Szymańska, Lidia Popek, Agnieszka Słopień, Rafał Kubiak, Łukasz Konowałek, Anita Bryńska, Maciej Pilecki, Marek Ignaczak, Aneta R. Borkowska, Renata Modrzejewska, Agnieszka Rynkiewicz, Monika Gajdzik, Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska, Barbara Remberk, Agnieszka Dąbkowska-Mika, Agnieszka Gmitrowicz, Ewa Zasępa, and Jacek Bomba
Published: 2021

29. The Relation Between Prenatal Stress, Overweight and Obesity in Children Diagnosed According to BMI and Percentage Fat Tissue.

Author: Bryl, Ewa, primary, Hanć, Tomasz, additional, Szcześniewska, Paula, additional, Dutkiewicz, Agata, additional, Dmitrzak-Węglarz, Monika, additional, and Agnieszka, Słopień, additional
Published: 2021
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30. Girls and women with autism

Author: Agnieszka Słopień, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, and Agnieszka Rynkiewicz
Subjects: Adult, Tic disorder, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Severity of Illness Index, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Social Behavior, Depression (differential diagnoses), Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Intelligence quotient, Depression, Disease Management, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Mental health, Comorbidity, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Eating disorders, Autism, Female, Stereotyped Behavior, Psychology, Anxiety disorder, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Dziewczęta i kobiety ze spektrum autyzmu często pozostają niezdiagnozowane, mają błędne lub zbyt późno postawione rozpoznania, co ma negatywny wpływ na ich rozwój, dobrostan psychiczny, edukację, zatrudnienie oraz samodzielność. Rozpoznanie stanu/zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu (zwanego dalej: „autyzmem”) powszechnie przyjęte na podstawie kryteriów diagnostycznych zawartych w międzynarodowych systemach klasyfikacji chorób i zaburzeń psychicznych, w przeważającej większości oparte jest na obserwacji i badaniach płci męskiej. Autorzy używają określenia „stanu ze spektrum autyzmu” (ASC, Autism Spectrum Condition), wprowadzonego przez Simona Barona–Cohena i używanego w profesjonalnej literaturze medycznej już od dekady jako alternatywnej nazwy dla zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu (ASD), uwzględniając zastrzeżenia tych osób ze spektrum autyzmu, które uznają określenie „zaburzenie” za stygmatyzujące, podczas gdy nazwa ASC ujmuje zarówno mocne strony, jak i trudności, jakich osoby te doświadczają. Wyniki badań naukowych wskazują na unikalne cechy autyzmu u płci żeńskiej z odmienną, subtelniejszą postacią kliniczną zwłaszcza u wysokofunkcjonujących dziewcząt i kobiet tj. z rozwiniętą mową płynną, przeciętnym lub ponadprzeciętnym ilorazem inteligencji. Wyniki badań wskazują także na stereotypy diagnostyczne oraz niedostateczną czułość dostępnych narzędzi diagnostycznych w wykrywaniu autyzmu u dziewcząt i kobiet, które nie uwzględniają unikalnego żeńskiego fenotypu autyzmu, obejmującego m.in. wysoką zdolność kompensacji, kamuflażu i naśladowania. Dodatkowo autyzm u dziewcząt wiąże się z wysoką współchorobowością w okresie adolescencji, częstym współwystępowaniem zaburzeń lękowych, tikowych i depresji, wysokim wskaźnikiem samobójstw, zaburzeń odżywiania oraz innych problemów zdrowotnych. Odpowiednio wczesne jednak rozpoznanie zmniejsza trudności, jakich dziewczęta i kobiety z autyzmem doświadczają w okresie całego życia, umożliwiając ocenę ich potrzeb w zakresie zdrowotnym, wykształcenia, wypoczynku, relacji społecznych oraz zatrudnienia.
Published: 2019

31. Depression in children and adolescents

Author: Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: Mood disorders, business.industry, Psychological resistance, Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Depression (differential diagnoses), Clinical psychology
Published: 2019

32. Expression of immune-related proteins and their association with neuropeptides in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa

Author: Katarzyna Jowik, Elzbieta Paszynska, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Agnieszka Słopień, and Agata Dutkiewicz
Subjects: Leptin, medicine.medical_specialty, Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescent, Adipokine, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Resistin, Receptor, Leptin receptor, Adiponectin, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, General Medicine, Fasting, Neurology, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Cytokines, Female, business, Hormone
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a metabo-psychiatric disorder where alterations of cytokines, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and the interactions between these factors can play an important role. Thus, the primary goal of the presented study was a cross-sectional analysis of immune-related proteins in patients with AN. Moreover, the correlations between these molecules and selected neuropeptides were studied. Twenty-five adolescent inpatients girls in the acute stage of a restrictive type of AN were enrolled in the study within the first year of the disease. Additionally, thirty similar in age and height controls (CG) were also assessed. The levels of 24 immune-related proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, were measured. Moreover, selected adipocytokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and centrally produced neuropeptides levels were determined. Finally, the correlations between these molecules were analyzed. The fasting levels of CXCL1, CXCL9, FGF2, GrB, IL1, IL6, IL8, MMP8, MMP9, CTSS were statistically lower in AN than in the CG. The concentrations of many immune-related proteins remain unchanged despite their metabolic and mental condition. Moreover, significant correlations were found between leptin and CXCL1, CXCL9, GrB, IL1, IL6, and MMP8. Leptin receptors were correlated with GrB, while resistin was associated with MMP9. Our findings suggest that the initial stage of restrictive AN among adolescents within the first year of the disease is not connected with a pro-inflammatory state. Some immune-related protein changes may be associated with altered neuropeptides, primarily leptin, its receptors, and resistin. Future research should clarify which changes are primary and secondary to weight loss and whether these changes normalize with increasing weight. This would aid in understanding the complex etiopathogenesis of AN and in the search for new methods of treatment.
Published: 2021

33. Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in Association with Depressive Symptoms and Eating Behaviours in Adolescents across the Weight Spectrum: From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity

Author: Marta Sumińska, Agata Dutkiewicz, Katarzyna Jowik, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Agata Pruciak, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Natalia Pytlińska, Agnieszka Słopień, Agata Krasińska, and Bogda Skowrońska
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, obesity, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, lcsh:TX341-641, Disease, Anorexia nervosa, neuropeptide Y family, Article, anorexia nervosa, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Neuropeptide Y, Peptide YY, Child, Nutrition and Dietetics, Depression, business.industry, Confounding, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Fasting, Feeding Behavior, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Neuropeptide Y receptor, Obesity, humanities, Endocrinology, Female, business, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Food Science, Psychopathology
Abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are involved in metabolic regulation. The purpose of the study was to assess the serum levels of NPY and PYY in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) or obesity (OB), as well as in a healthy control group (CG). The effects of potential confounders on their concentrations were also analysed. Eighty-nine adolescents were included in this study (AN = 30, OB = 30, and CG = 29). Anthropometric measurements and psychometric assessment of depressive symptoms, eating behaviours, body attitudes, and fasting serum levels of NPY and PYY were analysed. The AN group presented severe depressive symptoms, while the OB group held different attitudes towards the body. The levels of NPY were lower in the AN and OB groups as compared with the CG. The PYY levels were higher in the OB group than in the AN group and the CG. The severity of eating disorder symptoms predicted fasting serum concentrations of NPY. Lower levels of NPY in AN, as well as in OB suggests the need to look for a common link in the mechanism of this effect. Higher level of PYY in OB may be important in explaining complex etiopathogenesis of the disease. The psychopathological symptoms may have an influence on the neurohormones regulating metabolism.
Published: 2021

34. Common Genetic Variation And Age at Onset Of Anorexia Nervosa

Author: Marion Leboyer, Martin A. Kennedy, Yiran Guo, Stephan Ripke, Roger D. Cone, Nadia Micali, Allan S. Kaplan, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Michael Strober, Dan Rujescu, Roland Burghardt, Pierre J. Magistretti, John F. Pearson, Stephan Zipfel, Ian Jones, Paul Lichtenstein, Leonid Padyukov, Jurjen J. Luykx, Wade H. Berrettini, Nicolas Ramoz, James I. Hudson, Ulrike Schmidt, Anke Hinney, Tõnu Esko, Johanna Giuranna, Sara Marsal, Johan G. Eriksson, Richard Parker, Roger A.H. Adan, George Dedoussis, Lars Klareskog, Cynthia M. Bulik, Liselotte Petersen, Stephanie Le Hellard, P. Eline Slagboom, Jochen Seitz, Ilka Boehm, Anna Keski-Rahkonen, Joseph M. Boden, Sébastien Guillaume, Xavier Estivill, Yasmina Silén, Elisabeth Widen, Josef Bulant, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Vladimir Janout, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Artemis Tsitsika, Kirsty Kiezebrink, James E. Mitchell, Lenka Slachtova, Andreas J. Forstner, Harry Brandt, Nicholas G. Martin, James L. Kennedy, Wolfgang Herzog, Jennifer Jordan, Ionna Ntalla, Marie Navratilova, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Stephanie Zerwas, Steven Crawford, Oleksandr Frei, Sven Cichon, Katherine A. Halmi, Scott D. Gordon, Sietske G. Helder, Marion Roberts, Esther Walton, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Martina de Zwaan, Federica Tozzi, Bochao Lin, Beata Świątkowska, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Mikael Landén, Lenka Foretova, Richard M. Myers, Annemarie A. van Elburg, Martien J H Kas, Antonio Julià, Pamela K. Keel, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Karin Egberts, Alessandro Rotondo, Lars Alfredsson, Hartmut Imgart, L. John Horwood, Margarita Ct. Slof-Op 't Landt, Maria La Via, Dalila Pinto, Danielle M. Dick, Craig Johnson, Xiao Chang, Julie K. O'Toole, Philip Gorwood, Christian R. Marshall, Preben Bo Mortensen, Srdjan Djurovic, Mònica Gratacòs, Laura M. Thornton, Elisa Docampo-Martinez, Jessica H. Baker, Walter H. Kaye, Sandro Sorbi, Catherine M. Olsen, Hakon Hakonarson, Helga Ask, Franziska Ritschel, Agnieszka Słopień, Steven Gallinger, Dong Li, Roel A. Ophoff, Ole A. Andreassen, Andreas Birgegård, Philibert Duriez, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Alexandra Havdahl, Andrew W. Bergen, Fragiskos Gonidakis, André Scherag, Scott J. Crow, Filip Rybakowski, Tracey D. Wade, Karen S. Mitchell, Claudette Boni, Hunna J. Watson, David C. Whiteman, Ina Giegling, Samuli Ripatti, Palmiero Monteleone, James J. Crowley, Manuel Föcker, Zeynep Yilmaz, Dimitris Dikeos, Stefan Herms, Thomas Werge, Eric F. van Furth, Christian Dina, Nancy L. Pedersen, Mario Maj, Philippe Courtet, Stephanie Jamain, Janet Treasure, Johannes Hebebrand, Hana Papežová, Michael Boehnke, Katharina Buehren, Joanna Hauser, Jacques Pantel, Manfred M. Fichter, Stephen W. Scherer, Gerome Breen, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Leila Karhunen, Gursharan Kalsi, Geòrgia Escaramís, Anne Farmer, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Janiece E. DeSocio, Valdo Ricca, Lisa Lilenfeld, Laura J. Scott, Stefan Ehrlich, Jolanta Lissowska, Unna N. Danner, Morten Mattingsdal, D. Blake Woodside, Alfonso Tortorella, Anu Raevuori, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Deborah Kaminská, Jaakko Kaprio, Sarah Maguire, Kelly L. Klump, Watson, Hunna J., Thornton, Laura M., Yilmaz, Zeynep, Baker, Jessica H., Coleman, Jonathan RI., Adan, Roger AH., Alfredsson, Lar, Andreassen, Ole A., Ask, Helga, Berrettini, Wade H., Boehnke, Michael, Boehm, Ilka, Boni, Claudette, Buehren, Katharina, Bulant, Josef, Burghardt, Roland, Chang, Xiao, Cichon, Sven, Cone, Roger D., Courtet, Philippe, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J., Danner, Unna N., de Zwaan, Martina, Dedoussis, George, Desocio, Janiece E., Dick, Danielle M., Dikeos, Dimitri, Dina, Christian, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Docampo-Martinez, Elisa, Duriez, Philibert, Egberts, Karin, Ehrlich, Stefan, Eriksson, Johan G., Escaramís, Geòrgia, Esko, Tõnu, Estivill, Xavier, Farmer, Anne, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M., Föcker, Manuel, Foretova, Lenka, Forstner, Andreas J., Frei, Oleksandr, Gallinger, Steven, Giegling, Ina, Giuranna, Johanna, Gonidakis, Fragisko, Gorwood, Philip, Gratacòs, Mònica, Guillaume, Sébastien, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hauser, Joanna, Havdahl, Alexandra, Hebebrand, Johanne, Helder, Sietske G., Herms, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Hinney, Anke, Hudson, James I., Imgart, Hartmut, Jamain, Stephanie, Janout, Vladimir, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Jones, Ian R., Julià, Antonio, Kalsi, Gursharan, Kaminská, Deborah, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karhunen, Leila, Kas, Martien JH., Keel, Pamela K., Kennedy, James L., Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kiezebrink, Kirsty, Klareskog, Lar, Klump, Kelly L., Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., La Via, Maria C., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Leboyer, Marion, Li, Dong, Lilenfeld, Lisa, Lin, Bochao, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luykx, Jurjen, Magistretti, Pierre, Maj, Mario, Marsal, Sara, Marshall, Christian R., Mattingsdal, Morten, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Micali, Nadia, Mitchell, Karen S., Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Monteleone, Palmiero, Myers, Richard, Navratilova, Marie, Ntalla, Ionna, O'Toole, Julie K., Ophoff, Roel A., Padyukov, Leonid, Pantel, Jacque, Papežová, Hana, Pinto, Dalila, Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicola, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Ripatti, Samuli, Ripke, Stephan, Ritschel, Franziska, Roberts, Marion, Rotondo, Alessandro, Rujescu, Dan, Rybakowski, Filip, Scherag, André, Scherer, Stephen W., Schmidt, Ulrike, Scott, Laura J., Seitz, Jochen, Silén, Yasmina, Šlachtová, Lenka, Slagboom, P. Eline, Slof-Op 't Landt, Margarita CT., Slopien, Agnieszka, Sorbi, Sandro, Świątkowska, Beata, Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tsitsika, Artemi, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta, Tziouvas, Konstantino, van Elburg, Annemarie A., van Furth, Eric F., Walton, Esther, Widen, Elisabeth, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Bergen, Andrew W., Boden, Joseph M., Brandt, Harry, Crawford, Steven, Halmi, Katherine A., Horwood, L. John, Johnson, Craig, Kaplan, Allan S., Kaye, Walter H., Mitchell, James E., Olsen, Catherine M., Pearson, John F., Pedersen, Nancy L., Strober, Michael, Werge, Thoma, Whiteman, David C., Woodside, D Blake, Gordon, Scott, Maguire, Sarah, Larsen, Janne T., Parker, Richard, Petersen, Liselotte V., Jordan, Jennifer, Kennedy, Martin, Wade, Tracey D., Birgegård, Andrea, Lichtenstein, Paul, Landén, Mikael, Martin, Nicholas G., Mortensen, Preben Bo, Breen, Gerome, Bulik, Cynthia M., Clinicum, Research Programs Unit, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, Anna Keski-Rahkonen / Principal Investigator, Department of Public Health, HUS Psychiatry, Nuorisopsykiatria, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Samuli Olli Ripatti / Principal Investigator, Complex Disease Genetics, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Biostatistics Helsinki, Elisabeth Ingrid Maria Widen / Principal Investigator, Genomic Discoveries and Clinical Translation, and Psychiatry
Subjects: Age of onset, Anorexia nervosa, Early-onset, GWAS, Genetic risk score, Genetics, Menarche, Mendelian randomization, Puberty, Genome-wide association study, Biology, Genetic correlation, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Genetic variation, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, General Medicine, Heritability, 3. Good health, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), age at onset, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: BackgroundGenetics and biology may influence the age of onset of anorexia nervosa (AN). The aims of this study were to determine whether common genetic variation contributes to age of onset of AN and to investigate the genetic associations between age of onset of AN and age at menarche.MethodsA secondary analysis of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AN was performed, which included 9335 cases and 31,981 screened controls, all from European ancestries. We conducted GWASs of age of onset, early-onset AN (ResultsTwo loci were genome-wide significant in the typical-onset AN GWAS. Heritability estimates (single nucleotide polymorphism–h2) were 0.01–0.04 for age of onset, 0.16–0.25 for early-onset AN, and 0.17–0.25 for typical-onset AN. Early- and typical-onset AN showed distinct genetic correlation patterns with putative risk factors for AN. Specifically, early-onset AN was significantly genetically correlated with younger age at menarche, and typical-onset AN was significantly negatively genetically correlated with anthropometric traits. Genetic risk scores for age of onset and early-onset AN estimated from independent GWASs significantly predicted age of onset. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal link between younger age at menarche and early-onset AN.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence consistent with a common variant genetic basis for age of onset and implicate biological pathways regulating menarche and reproduction. Background: Genetics and biology may influence the age of onset of anorexia nervosa (AN). The aims of this study were to determine whether common genetic variation contributes to age of onset of AN and to investigate the genetic associations between age of onset of AN and age at menarche. Methods: A secondary analysis of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AN was performed, which included 9335 cases and 31,981 screened controls, all from European ancestries. We conducted GWASs of age of onset, early-onset AN (2) were 0.01–0.04 for age of onset, 0.16–0.25 for early-onset AN, and 0.17–0.25 for typical-onset AN. Early- and typical-onset AN showed distinct genetic correlation patterns with putative risk factors for AN. Specifically, early-onset AN was significantly genetically correlated with younger age at menarche, and typical-onset AN was significantly negatively genetically correlated with anthropometric traits. Genetic risk scores for age of onset and early-onset AN estimated from independent GWASs significantly predicted age of onset. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal link between younger age at menarche and early-onset AN. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence consistent with a common variant genetic basis for age of onset and implicate biological pathways regulating menarche and reproduction.
Published: 2021

35. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies

Author: Samuel Kuperman, Leila Karhunen, Geòrgia Escaramís, Sébastien Guillaume, Kelly L. Klump, David C. Whiteman, Colin A. Hodgkinson, Stephanie H. Witt, Artemis Tsitsika, Hana Papezova, Renato Polimanti, P. Eline Slagboom, Peter Zill, Jakob Grove, Toni-Kim Clarke, Michael Soyka, Jennifer Jordan, Steven Gallinger, Philip Gorwood, Preben Bo Mortensen, Yuri Milaneschi, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Jen Chyong Wang, Markus M. Nöthen, Katrin Männik, Henry R. Kranzler, Michael M. Vanyukov, Anna Keski-Rahkonen, William G. Iacono, Raymond K. Walters, Stephanie Le Hellard, Bochao Danae Lin, Vesna Boraska Perica, Marion Roberts, Patrick F. Sullivan, Steven Crawford, Mark A. Frye, Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Hakon Hakonarson, Andreas Birgegård, Robert Culverhouse, Alexis C. Edwards, Jerome C. Foo, Alessandro Rotondo, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Laura M. Hack, Michael T. Lynskey, Mario Maj, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Julie K. O'Toole, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Matt McGue, Julien Bryois, Martina de Zwaan, Norbert Dahmen, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Deborah Kaminská, Benedetta Nacmias, Nicholas G. Martin, Anna R. Docherty, Christopher Hübel, Nancy L. Pedersen, Janet Treasure, William E. Copeland, Roger A.H. Adan, Jaakko Kaprio, Aarno Palotie, L. John Horwood, Maria La Via, Philippe Courtet, Virpi M. Leppä, Judy L. Silberg, Jason D. Boardman, Fazil Aliev, Wade H. Berrettini, Doo Sup Choi, Youl-Ri Kim, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Harriet de Wit, Sandra A. Brown, Elisabeth Widen, Caroline Hayward, Nicholas J. Schork, Penelope A. Lind, Ralph E. Tarter, Jana Strohmaier, Allan S. Kaplan, Richard A. Grucza, Bradley T. Webb, Angela Favaro, Dalila Pinto, Helena Gaspar, Andrew W. Bergen, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Robert Levitan, Wolfgang Gäbel, Xavier Estivill, Emma C. Johnson, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Lindsay A. Farrer, Lenka Foretova, Marc A. Schuckit, Joanna M. Biernacka, André Scherag, Robbee Wedow, Abraham A. Palmer, Amy E. Adkins, Franziska Degenhardt, Louisa Degenhardt, Jurjen J. Luykx, Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Brien P. Riley, Monika Ridinger, Matteo Cassina, Harry Brandt, Yiran Guo, Stephan Ripke, Palmiero Monteleone, Katri Räikkönen, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Martin A. Kennedy, Stephen W. Scherer, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Catherine M. Olsen, Bernice Porjesz, Esther Walton, Yi-Ling Chou, Nicolas Ramoz, Tetsuya Ando, Andres Metspalu, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Brion S. Maher, Sarah Bertelsen, Melanie L. Schwandt, Janiece E. DeSocio, Margaret Keyes, John F. Pearson, Dongbing Lai, Paul Lichtenstein, James MacKillop, George Dedoussis, Jari Lahti, Ulrike Schmidt, Stefan Ehrlich, Amanda G. Wills, Teemu Palviainen, David Goldman, Elena Tenconi, Dimitris Dikeos, Scott I. Vrieze, Sietske G. Helder, Katharina Buehren, Hongyu Zhao, Sara McDevitt, Jolanta Lissowska, Joseph M. Boden, Li-Shiun Chen, Susanne Lucae, Sara Marsal, Dan Rujescu, Claes Norring, Howard J. Edenberg, Victor M. Karpyak, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Per Hoffmann, Christopher S. Franklin, Karin Egberts, Johanna Giuranna, Stefan Herms, Leah Wetherill, Stephanie Zerwas, Anthony Batzler, Elliot C. Nelson, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Marcella Rietschel, Ioanna Ntalla, Victor Hesselbrock, Sarah M. Hartz, Marie Navratilova, Falk Kiefer, Martien J H Kas, Richard J. Rose, Andrew C. Heath, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Lenka Slachtova, Lisa Lilenfeld, Katherine A. Halmi, John P. Rice, Anjali K. Henders, Christian Dina, Norbert Wodarz, Satu Männistö, Hamdi Mbarek, Shuyang Yao, Vladimir Janout, Alison Goate, Bettina Konte, Alexandra Schosser, Danfeng Chen, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Euijung Ryu, Dana B. Hancock, James Mitchell, Sarah E. Medland, Ina Giegling, Valdo Ricca, Scott D. Gordon, Gabrielle Koller, Samuli Ripatti, Laura M. Thornton, Alison D. Murray, Morten Mattingsdal, Zeynep Yilmaz, Jens Treutlein, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Tim B. Bigdeli, Eric F. van Furth, Hermine H. Maes, Ken B. Hanscombe, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Daniela Degortes, Monica Forzan, Manuel Mattheisen, Richard Sherva, Scott J. Crow, Mikael Landén, Wolfgang Herzog, Jeanette N. McClintick, Tõnu Esko, Louis Fox, Wolfgang Maier, Liselotte Petersen, Laura J. Bierut, Roseann E. Peterson, Gursharan Kalsi, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Margarita C T Slof-Op 't Landt, Tamara L. Wall, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Unna N. Danner, Stephan Zipfel, Ulrich W. Preuss, Elisa Docampo, D. Blake Woodside, Alfonso Tortorella, Benjamin W. Domingue, Franziska Ritschel, Johan G. Eriksson, Anu Raevuori, Benjamin M. Neale, Marcus Ising, Annemarie A. van Elburg, Filip Rybakowski, Maureen Reynolds, Tracey D. Wade, Manfred M. Fichter, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Claudette Boni, Andreas J. Forstner, John Whitfield, Silviu Alin Bacanu, Matthew B. McQueen, Andrew M. McIntosh, Norbert Scherbaum, Tatiana Foroud, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Sven Cichon, Christian J. Hopfer, Josef Frank, Eleftheria Zeggini, Federica Tozzi, Nadia Micali, Danielle M. Dick, Pamela A. F. Madden, Christian R. Marshall, Johannes Hebebrand, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Roel A. Ophoff, Roland Burghardt, Nathaniel Thomas, Leonid Padyukov, Nancy L. Saccone, Anu Loukola, Fabian Streit, James L. Kennedy, Jessica H. Baker, Peter McGuffin, Walter H. Kaye, Pei Hong Shen, Anne Farmer, Roger D. Cone, Ilka Boehm, Jacquelyn L. Meyers, Paolo Santonastaso, Maurizio Clementi, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Gudrun Wagner, Anke Hinney, Richard Parker, James I. Hudson, Nathan A. Gillespie, Michael Strober, John I. Nurnberger, Sandro Sorbi, Dorret I. Boomsma, Beata Świątkowska, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Kenneth S. Kendler, Hidetoshi Inoko, Jessica E. Salvatore, Hunna J. Watson, Jochen Seitz, Jacques Pantel, Karl Mann, Hang Zhou, Antonio Julià, Oliver S. P. Davis, Nancy Diazgranados, Krista Fischer, John K. Hewitt, Karen S. Mitchell, Joanna Hauser, Eric O. Johnson, Craig Johnson, E. Jane Costello, Agnieszka Słopień, Dong Li, Laramie E. Duncan, Arpana Agrawal, Grant W. Montgomery, Manuel Föcker, Thomas Werge, Lannie Ligthart, Andreas Karwautz, Raquel Rabionet, Kenneth Krauter, Joel Gelernter, James J. Crowley, Cynthia M. Bulik, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, Laura M. Huckins, Gerome Breen, Michael C. Stallings, Daniel E. Adkins, Pierre J. Magistretti, John Kramer, Lars Alfredsson, Hartmut Imgart, Annette M. Hartmann, Ole A. Andreassen, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Psychiatry, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department Psychiatry [Chapel Hill], University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University Children's Hospital of Essen [Essen, Germany], University of Duisburg-Essen, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Stockholm County Council, University of Würzburg, Guy's Hospital [London], University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Gothenburg (GU), Altrecht Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld [Zeist, The Netherlands] (Mental Health Institute), National Institute of Mental Health [Tokyo, Japan] (NIMH), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry [Tokyo, Japan], University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research [Oslo] (NORMENT), University of Oslo (UiO)-Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB)-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Department of Psychiatry [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Perelman School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Split, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], RWTH Aachen University, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Universita degli Studi di Padova, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Minnesota System, University of Bristol [Bristol], Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Harokopio University of Athens, Seattle University [Seattle], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poznan University of Medical Sciences [Poland] (PUMS), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Stanford University, MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Estonian Genome and Medicine, University of Tartu, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), The Institute of Psychiatry-King‘s College London, Department of Psychiatry (IDIBELL), CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición-University Hospital of Bellvitge, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, University of Münster, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (RECAMO), Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry, Mount Sinai Hospital [Toronto, Canada] (MSH), Medstar Research Institute, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), The Center for Applied Genomics, Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Leeds, University of Leeds, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia., Parkland-Klinik [Bad Wildungen-Reinhardshausen, Germany], Tokai University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health [university of Ostrava], Lékařská fakulta / Faculty of Medicine [University of Ostrava], Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava-Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Charles University [Prague] (CU), University of Eastern Finland, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale [Toronto, ON, Canada], University of Helsinki, University of Aberdeen, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, J. E. Purkinje University, Michigan State University System, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB), Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Chicago School of Professional Psychology [Washington, District of Columbia, USA] (Washington DC Campus), Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Brain and Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Department of Psychiatry, University of Napoli, Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode (CIG), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo (UiO)-Institute of Clinical Medicine-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], University College Cork (UCC), Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, VA Boston Healthcare System, Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Kartini Clinic [Portland, Oregon, USA], University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Head of Medical Sequencing, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Center for Eating Disorders Ursula [Leiden, The Netherlands] (Rivierduinen), Medical University of Łódź (MUL), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Utrecht University [Utrecht], SURFACES, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC (UMR_7216)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Human Genetics, Internal Medicine [Tuebingen, Germany], Tuebingen University [Germany], Oregon Research Institute (ORI), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt [Baltimore, MD, USA], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Eating Recovery Center [Denver, CO, USA], Centre for Addiction and Mental Health [Toronto, ON, Canada], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Institute of Medical Science [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Department of Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Mayo Clinic, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York (SUNY), University of Edinburgh, Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Genomics [Bonn, Germany] (Institute of Human Genetics), University of Bonn-Institute of Human Genetics [Bonn, Germany], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [Bethesda, MD, USA] (NIAAA), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Mathematical Sciences Institute (MSI), Australian National University (ANU), University of Colorado [Boulder], VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], University of Vermont [Burlington], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Dusseldorf, Genetics and Pathology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Heidelberg University, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Department of Cell Therapy, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig]-Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Regensburg, Rush University Medical Center [Chicago], University of Utah, Duke University Medical Center, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dpt of Neuroscience [New York], Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Connecticut (UCONN), University of Colorado [Denver], Research Triangle Institute International (RTI International), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], CLinical Psychology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Yale School of Public Health (YSPH), Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Department of Public Health, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), University of Pennsylvania, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), King‘s College London-The Institute of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (MMCI), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Department of Molecular Medicine [Scripps Research Institute], The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Medical Research Council-Cardiff University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California (UC), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Martinez Rico, Clara, Biological Psychology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, APH - Digital Health, Kas lab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Munn-Chernoff, M. A., Johnson, E. C., Chou, Y. -L., Coleman, J. R. I., Thornton, L. M., Walters, R. K., Yilmaz, Z., Baker, J. H., Hubel, C., Gordon, S., Medland, S. E., Watson, H. J., Gaspar, H. A., Bryois, J., Hinney, A., Leppa, V. M., Mattheisen, M., Ripke, S., Yao, S., Giusti-Rodriguez, P., Hanscombe, K. B., Adan, R. A. H., Alfredsson, L., Ando, T., Andreassen, O. A., Berrettini, W. H., Boehm, I., Boni, C., Boraska Perica, V., Buehren, K., Burghardt, R., Cassina, M., Cichon, S., Clementi, M., Cone, R. D., Courtet, P., Crow, S., Crowley, J. J., Danner, U. N., Davis, O. S. P., de Zwaan, M., Dedoussis, G., Degortes, D., Desocio, J. E., Dick, D. M., Dikeos, D., Dina, C., Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M., Docampo, E., Duncan, L. E., Egberts, K., Ehrlich, S., Escaramis, G., Esko, T., Estivill, X., Farmer, A., Favaro, A., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Fichter, M. M., Fischer, K., Focker, M., Foretova, L., Forstner, A. J., Forzan, M., Franklin, C. S., Gallinger, S., Giegling, I., Giuranna, J., Gonidakis, F., Gorwood, P., Gratacos Mayora, M., Guillaume, S., Guo, Y., Hakonarson, H., Hatzikotoulas, K., Hauser, J., Hebebrand, J., Helder, S. G., Herms, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Herzog, W., Huckins, L. M., Hudson, J. I., Imgart, H., Inoko, H., Janout, V., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Julia, A., Kalsi, G., Kaminska, D., Karhunen, L., Karwautz, A., Kas, M. J. H., Kennedy, J. L., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kiezebrink, K., Kim, Y. -R., Klump, K. L., Knudsen, G. P. S., La Via, M. C., Le Hellard, S., Levitan, R. D., Li, D., Lilenfeld, L., Lin, B. D., Lissowska, J., Luykx, J., Magistretti, P. J., Maj, M., Mannik, K., Marsal, S., Marshall, C. R., Mattingsdal, M., Mcdevitt, S., Mcguffin, P., Metspalu, A., Meulenbelt, I., Micali, N., Mitchell, K., Monteleone, A. M., Monteleone, P., Nacmias, B., Navratilova, M., Ntalla, I., O'Toole, J. K., Ophoff, R. A., Padyukov, L., Palotie, A., Pantel, J., Papezova, H., Pinto, D., Rabionet, R., Raevuori, A., Ramoz, N., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Ricca, V., Ripatti, S., Ritschel, F., Roberts, M., Rotondo, A., Rujescu, D., Rybakowski, F., Santonastaso, P., Scherag, A., Scherer, S. W., Schmidt, U., Schork, N. J., Schosser, A., Seitz, J., Slachtova, L., Slagboom, P. E., Slof-Op't Landt, M. C. T., Slopien, A., Sorbi, S., Swiatkowska, B., Szatkiewicz, J. P., Tachmazidou, I., Tenconi, E., Tortorella, A., Tozzi, F., Treasure, J., Tsitsika, A., Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, M., Tziouvas, K., van Elburg, A. A., van Furth, E. F., Wagner, G., Walton, E., Widen, E., Zeggini, E., Zerwas, S., Zipfel, S., Bergen, A. W., Boden, J. M., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Halmi, K. A., Horwood, L. J., Johnson, C., Kaplan, A. S., Kaye, W. H., Mitchell, J., Olsen, C. M., Pearson, J. F., Pedersen, N. L., Strober, M., Werge, T., Whiteman, D. C., Woodside, D. B., Grove, J., Henders, A. K., Larsen, J. T., Parker, R., Petersen, L. V., Jordan, J., Kennedy, M. A., Birgegard, A., Lichtenstein, P., Norring, C., Landen, M., Mortensen, P. B., Polimanti, R., Mcclintick, J. N., Adkins, A. E., Aliev, F., Bacanu, S. -A., Batzler, A., Bertelsen, S., Biernacka, J. M., Bigdeli, T. B., Chen, L. -S., Clarke, T. -K., Degenhardt, F., Docherty, A. R., Edwards, A. C., Foo, J. C., Fox, L., Frank, J., Hack, L. M., Hartmann, A. M., Hartz, S. M., Heilmann-Heimbach, S., Hodgkinson, C., Hoffmann, P., Hottenga, J. -J., Konte, B., Lahti, J., Lahti-Pulkkinen, M., Lai, D., Ligthart, L., Loukola, A., Maher, B. S., Mbarek, H., Mcintosh, A. M., Mcqueen, M. B., Meyers, J. L., Milaneschi, Y., Palviainen, T., Peterson, R. E., Ryu, E., Saccone, N. L., Salvatore, J. E., Sanchez-Roige, S., Schwandt, M., Sherva, R., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Thomas, N., Wang, J. -C., Webb, B. T., Wedow, R., Wetherill, L., Wills, A. G., Zhou, H., Boardman, J. D., Chen, D., Choi, D. -S., Copeland, W. E., Culverhouse, R. C., Dahmen, N., Degenhardt, L., Domingue, B. W., Frye, M. A., Gaebel, W., Hayward, C., Ising, M., Keyes, M., Kiefer, F., Koller, G., Kramer, J., Kuperman, S., Lucae, S., Lynskey, M. T., Maier, W., Mann, K., Mannisto, S., Muller-Myhsok, B., Murray, A. D., Nurnberger, J. I., Preuss, U., Raikkonen, K., Reynolds, M. D., Ridinger, M., Scherbaum, N., Schuckit, M. A., Soyka, M., Treutlein, J., Witt, S. H., Wodarz, N., Zill, P., Adkins, D. E., Boomsma, D. I., Bierut, L. J., Brown, S. A., Bucholz, K. K., Costello, E. J., de Wit, H., Diazgranados, N., Eriksson, J. G., Farrer, L. A., Foroud, T. M., Gillespie, N. A., Goate, A. M., Goldman, D., Grucza, R. A., Hancock, D. B., Harris, K. M., Hesselbrock, V., Hewitt, J. K., Hopfer, C. J., Iacono, W. G., Johnson, E. O., Karpyak, V. M., Kendler, K. S., Kranzler, H. R., Krauter, K., Lind, P. A., Mcgue, M., Mackillop, J., Madden, P. A. F., Maes, H. H., Magnusson, P. K. E., Nelson, E. C., Nothen, M. M., Palmer, A. A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Porjesz, B., Rice, J. P., Rietschel, M., Riley, B. P., Rose, R. J., Shen, P. -H., Silberg, J., Stallings, M. C., Tarter, R. E., Vanyukov, M. M., Vrieze, S., Wall, T. L., Whitfield, J. B., Zhao, H., Neale, B. M., Wade, T. D., Heath, A. C., Montgomery, G. W., Martin, N. G., Sullivan, P. F., Kaprio, J., Breen, G., Gelernter, J., Edenberg, H. J., Bulik, C. M., and Agrawal, A.
Subjects: Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Alcoholism/genetics, Schizophrenia/genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Medizin, Medicine (miscellaneous), Genome-wide association study, Alcohol use disorder, Anorexia nervosa, Linkage Disequilibrium, ddc:616.89, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder/genetics, Substance-Related Disorders/genetics, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Factors de risc en les malalties, Bulimia nervosa, Feeding and Eating Disorders/genetics, eating disorders, genetic correlation, substance use, Tobacco Use Disorder, 3. Good health, Fenotip, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychiatry and Mental health, Alcoholism, Eating disorders, Phenotype, Schizophrenia, Drinking of alcoholic beverages, eating disorder, Consum d'alcohol, Major depressive disorder, medicine.symptom, Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics, eating disorders, genetic correlation, substance use, Clinical psychology, Substance abuse, Risk factors in diseases, Substance-Related Disorders, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Feeding and Eating Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, mental disorders, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Trastorns de la conducta alimentària, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Pharmacology, Depressive Disorder, Major, Binge eating, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO] Cognitive science, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Twin study, 030227 psychiatry, Abús de substàncies, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, business, Genètica, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Total sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2,400 to ~537,000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg=0.18; false discovery rate q=0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg=0.23; qwith binge-eating (rg=0.27; q=0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three non-diagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge-eating (rgs=-0.19 to −0.23; qs
Published: 2021

36. Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa

Author: Stephan Zipfel, Hidetoshi Inoko, K. Fischer, Laramie E. Duncan, Jochen Seitz, Lars Klareskog, Ina Giegling, Grant W. Montgomery, Manuel Föcker, Colin A. Johnson, Agnieszka Słopień, Dong Li, M. C. T. Slof-Op 't Landt, Thomas Werge, Janiece E. DeSocio, Stefan Ehrlich, Joseph M. Boden, Patrick F. Sullivan, M. La Via, Bochao Danae Lin, Andreas Karwautz, Ilka Boehm, Lenka Foretová, Stephen W. Scherer, Anders Juréus, Jolanta Lissowska, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Antonio Julià, A. Metspalu, Roger A.H. Adan, George Dedoussis, Stefan Herms, Franziska Ritschel, Martin A. Kennedy, Vesna Boraska Perica, S.D. Gordon, Johanna Giuranna, Janet Treasure, Youl-Ri Kim, Joanna Hauser, Manfred M. Fichter, P.E. Slagboom, Wade H. Berrettini, Kirstin L. Purves, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Eleftheria Zeggini, Nadia Micali, Anne Farmer, Beata Swiatkowska, Tracey D. Wade, Claudette Boni, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Ioanna Ntalla, Johannes Pantel, Raquel Rabionet, Pierre J. Magistretti, Johannes Hebebrand, Mario Maj, Sietske G. Helder, Roland Burghardt, Sarah E. Medland, Maurizio Clementi, John F. Pearson, Gerd Wagner, V. Janout, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Mikael Landén, Samuli Ripatti, Sandro Sorbi, Martien J H Kas, Leonid Padyukov, Zeynep Yilmaz, Kelly L. Klump, Paul Lichtenstein, Shuyang Yao, Dan Rujescu, James J. Crowley, Valdo Ricca, Palmiero Monteleone, Steve Crawford, Sébastien Guillaume, Liselotte Petersen, Yiran Guo, Stephan Ripke, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Marie Navratilova, S. Gallinger, Anjali K. Henders, Cynthia M. Bulik, Wolfgang Herzog, Alfonso Tortorella, Christian Dina, Garret D. Stuber, A. A. van Elburg, Manuel Mattheisen, Harry Brandt, Hunna J. Watson, Alessandro Rotondo, Roel A. Ophoff, Artemis Tsitsika, Nicholas G. Martin, Sara Marsal, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Ken B. Hanscombe, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Anu Raevuori, Lars Alfredsson, E. F. van Furth, Hartmut Imgart, Esther Walton, Julie K. O'Toole, Katharina Buehren, Unna N. Danner, Hana Papezova, Katherine M. Kirk, Deborah Kaminská, Lisa R. Lilenfeld, Aarno Palotie, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, Jennifer Jordan, Gun Peggy Knudsen, L. Slachtova, Ole A. Andreassen, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Elisabeth Widen, Benedetta Nacmias, Nicholas J. Schork, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Jurjen J. Luykx, André Scherag, Christopher Hübel, Laura M. Thornton, Marion Roberts, Angela Favaro, Catherine M. Olsen, Jaakko Kaprio, S Le Hellard, Federica Tozzi, Monica Forzan, Claes Norring, Leila Karhunen, Karin Egberts, Dalila Pinto, Geòrgia Escaramís, Nicolas Ramoz, Robert D. Levitan, Laura M. Huckins, Ulrike Schmidt, Gerome Breen, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Andreas J. Forstner, Scott J. Crow, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Dimitris Dikeos, Sven Cichon, Daniela Degortes, L. J. Horwood, Tetsuya Ando, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Stephanie Zerwas, Katherine A. Halmi, Helena Gaspar, Andrew W. Bergen, Elena Tenconi, Katrin Männik, Christopher S. Franklin, Anna Keski-Rahkonen, Sara McDevitt, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Jakob Grove, Philip Gorwood, Christian R. Marshall, Preben Bo Mortensen, Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Hakon Hakonarson, Roger D. Cone, Allan S. Kaplan, Paolo Santonastaso, James I. Hudson, M. de Zwaan, Xavier Estivill, James E. Mitchell, Danielle M. Dick, Jessica H. Baker, Peter McGuffin, Walter H. Kaye, Michael Strober, D. B. Woodside, Oliver S. P. Davis, Karen S. Mitchell, David C. Whiteman, Julien Bryois, Nancy L. Pedersen, Philippe Courtet, Virpi M. Leppä, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, T Esko, Matteo Cassina, Andreas Birgegård, Anke Hinney, Richard Parker, James L. Kennedy, Elisa Docampo, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Alexandra Schosser, Filip Rybakowski, Morten Mattingsdal, and Gursharan Kalsi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), business.industry, medicine, Genome-wide association study, Psychiatry, business
Published: 2020

37. Omentin and visfatin in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa; association with symptoms

Author: Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Agata Dutkiewicz, Elzbieta Paszynska, Agnieszka Słopień, and Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescent, Adipokine, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, GPI-Linked Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Adipokines, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Lectins, Medicine, Humans, Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase, Depression (differential diagnoses), Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Inpatients, Anthropometry, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, Depression, Body Weight, Malnutrition, Beck Depression Inventory, General Medicine, Neurology, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Biomarker (medicine), Cytokines, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychopathology
Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with significant weight loss; thus, it is crucial to discern the contribution of hormones produced by adipose tissue. Some of the adipokines have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the present study aims to measure serum concentrations of omentin and visfatin, in adolescent inpatients with AN. The correlations between selected adipokines and psychopathological symptoms of AN were also analyzed. Thirty adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa and thirty healthy age and height matched girls (CONT) were enrolled in the study. The physical and mental examination, anthropometric and psychometric assessment - Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), and blood analysis were performed at two-time points – in the malnourished patients (AN T1) and after partial weight recovery (8.30 ± 3.75 weeks) (AN T2). The omentin concentration was not significantly different from the CONT neither in AN T1 nor AN T2. The visfatin level was altered in AN T1 and did not change after partial weight normalization (AN T2). A positive correlation between visfatin and YBOCS was found in AN T2. Visfatin concentrations were decreased in adolescent inpatients suffering from AN in the acute phase of the disease and did not normalize after partial weight restoration. The studies considering visfatin as a biomarker of the acute phase of AN should be continued. Moreover, the visfatin showed association with the obsessive and compulsive symptoms; thus its participation in non-homeostatic regulation of food intake should be investigated in further studies.
Published: 2020

38. Excessive Weight Gain and Dental Caries Experience among Children Affected by ADHD

Author: Magdalena Roszak, Paula Mamrot, Tomasz Hanć, Ewa Bryl, Agata Dutkiewicz, Maria Gawriolek, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Aleksandra Perczak, Agnieszka Słopień, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, and Elzbieta Paszynska
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, sugar intake, Waist, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, Dental Caries, Overweight, Weight Gain, Affect (psychology), behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, overweight, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Permanent teeth, caries, ICDAS, Dentition, DMF Index, business.industry, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, Obesity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index
Abstract: In recent years, attention has been paid to the co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity, but results in relation to dental caries outcomes differ. The study was conducted to determine obesity/overweight and dental caries in children suffering from ADHD and to draw comparisons with non-ADHD children. A total of 119 children under 11 years old (8.2 &plusmn, 1.2) were enrolled into a cross-sectional study: those with confirmed ADHD (n = 39), and healthy controls (n = 80). The behavioral evaluation included a parent interview directed at sweetened food/drink habits. The clinical evaluation included physical measurements (height, waist, hip circumference, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and dental examination (International Caries Detection and Assessment System&mdash, ICDAS). Results showed a higher prevalence of abnormal body weight, hip circumference, and BMI, and a higher frequency of caries (84.6%) in the ADHD group. Significant caries differences for primary (ICDAS 0, 1, 2, 5, 6 scores) and permanent teeth (ICDAS 1, 3 scores) were recorded. The questionnaire pinpointed interplays between sugar consumption and tooth decay, especially for primary dentition. It can be concluded that the consumption of sweetened foods/drinks among ADHD children may lead to an increased rate of overweight, but may also affect oral health. Limiting sugar consumption might be one of the important elements in prevention programmes against dental caries and overweight/obesity.
Published: 2020

39. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Oxytocin Signaling in Association With Clinical Symptoms in Adolescent Inpatients With Anorexia Nervosa—A Longitudinal Study

Author: Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Agnieszka Słopień, Filip Rybakowski, Elzbieta Paszynska, Agata Dutkiewicz, and Maria Skibinska
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal study, lcsh:RC435-571, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurotrophic factors, Internal medicine, lcsh:Psychiatry, oxytocin, medicine, tropomyosin-related kinase B, Original Research, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Psychiatry, business.industry, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Eating disorders, Endocrinology, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Weight gain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Introduction Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as oxytocin (OXY), are centrally secreted neuropeptides regulating a range of physiological processes, including food intake and metabolism. Moreover, numerous reports suggest their role in affective and cognitive symptoms of various psychiatric disorders. Thus, the study aimed to measure the serum level of BDNF and its receptor-tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) and OXY in the malnourished anorexia nervosa patients and following partial weight-recovery. The correlations between levels of these proteins with the primary symptoms of the anorexia nervosa (AN) were also analyzed. Methodology Eighty-four adolescent AN patients were recruited into the study, but only forty-two AN patients completed it. The control group comprises of thirty age- and height-matched girls (CG). Serum BDNF, TrkB, and OXY levels were measured in AN group in two time-points-at the beginning of the hospitalization in malnourished patients (AN-T1) and again after partial weight normalization, on the day of discharge (AN-T2). The severity of eating disorders, as well as depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, were assessed at the same two-time points. Results Body mass index (BMI) differed significantly between the AN-T1, AN-T2, and CG. BDNF levels for the AN-T2 increased significantly in comparison to the AN-T1, but at two-time points were significantly lower than in the CG. The OXY level did not change with weight gain and in both groups AN-T1 and AN-T2 were statistically significantly higher than in the CG. Statistically significant negative correlations between BDNF and the severity of eating disorders symptoms were found. Depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms did not show significant correlations with levels of studied proteins for either malnourished or partially weight recovered AN patients. Conclusions BDNF serum levels were decreased in the malnourished AN patients and tended to normalize with partial weight recovery. OXY serum levels were found to be increased in the malnourished AN patients and did not normalize with partial weight recovery, confirming previous reports about its role in the etiopathogenesis of AN. BDNF can be related to aberrant eating behaviors occurring in AN. Our results do not support the role of serum levels of BDNF, TrkB, or OXY in the modulation of depressive or obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Published: 2020

40. Competent users and standards of use for Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2)

Author: Bryan H. King, Karolina Kalisz, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, Agnieszka Rynkiewicz, Agnieszka Słopień, and Izabela Łucka
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Psychology
Published: 2018

41. The opinion of experts with respect to dealing with patients suffering from severe anorexia nervosa who do not consent to treatment

Author: Izabela Łucka, Klinika Psychiatrii Wieku Rozwojowego, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Agnieszka Gmitrowicz, Irena Namysłowska, Barbara Remberk, Anita Bryńska, Warszawski Ośrodek Psychoterapii i Psychiatrii, Warszawa, Polska, Andrzej Rajewski, Klinika Psychiatrii Młodzieżowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Katedra Psychiatrii, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Tarnowskie Góry, Polska, Centrum Pediatrii im. Jana Pawła Ii w Sosnowcu, Sosnowiec, Polska, Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska, Poznań, Polska, Piotr Gorczyca, Agnieszka Słopień, Piotr Sierakowski, Ireneusz Jelonek, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, Tomasz Wolańczyk, and Katedra Prawa Rzymskiego, Swps Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny, Warszawa, Polska
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology
Published: 2018

42. Vaspin (but not neuropeptide B or neuropeptide W) as a possible predictor of body weight normalization in anorexia nervosa

Author: Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Aniceta Ada Mikulska, Agata Dutkiewicz, Krystyna Czyżewska, Elzbieta Paszynska, Teresa Grzelak, and Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Neuropeptide B, business.industry, General Medicine, Neuropeptide W, macromolecular substances, Anthropometry, Serum samples, Body weight, neuropeptide W, antioxidant status, anorexia nervosa, 03 medical and health sciences, Antioxidant capacity, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Female patient, vaspin, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, neuropeptide B, business, Body mass index
Abstract: IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the nutritional status of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and levels of vaspin (VASP), neuropeptide B (NPB), neuropeptide W (NPW) and total antioxidant status (TAS).Material and methodsNinety serum samples collected from 30 teenage female patients during the acute stage of AN and 30 healthy persons (CONTR) were subjected to biochemical analysis; patients with AN were examined at the beginning of the study (AN-I) and after hospitalization (AN-II), as a result of which partial stabilization of anthropometric measurements was achieved (an increase of body mass index (BMI) by 3.5 kg/m2).ResultsVaspin levels dropped at the end of the hospitalization (compared to AN-I, p < 0.05), achieving values comparable to the CONTR; moreover there was a positive correlation between VASP level and the achieved body weight in AN-II (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were also noted with regard to VASP vs. NPB in AN-I (p < 0.02) (and AN-II, p < 0.013), as well as in the case of VASP vs. NPW in the same groups (p < 0.02 and p < 0.015, respectively). NPB concentration was higher in AN-I (p < 0.05) and AN-II (p < 0.018) than in CONTR, whereas there were no differences (p > 0.05) with regard to levels of VASP, NPW, or TAS.ConclusionsThe high level of NPB despite treatment and normalization of VASP level may suggest that there are chronic neuroendocrine disorders at play in anorexia nervosa.
Published: 2018

43. Study of salivary and serum vaspin and total antioxidants in anorexia nervosa

Author: Teresa Grzelak, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Elzbieta Paszynska, Agnieszka Słopień, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, and Agata Dutkiewicz
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Saliva, Anorexia Nervosa, animal structures, Adolescent, Population, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical examination, macromolecular substances, Gastroenterology, Antioxidants, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Healthy control, Humans, Medicine, education, General Dentistry, Serpins, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, Biological materials, Cross-Sectional Studies, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Case-Control Studies, Immunoassay, Female, Underweight, medicine.symptom, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are primarily at high risk of multiple somatic complications, including oral diseases. In recent years, a number of new molecules that may play a potentially important role in AN progress and prognosis have been identified in saliva, but their exact roles are still poorly understood. Two such group of substances are antioxidants and vaspin. The purpose of this observational, cross-sectional study was to measure both the salivary and serum total antioxidant status (TAS), and vaspin (VASP) concentrations of patients with AN in comparison to an average population. Ninety subjects participated (30 patients with AN, 60 matched healthy control subjects). A clinical examination was made, and blood and salivary samples were taken during the acute stage of AN (BMI
Published: 2018

44. Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight

Author: Tomasz Hanć, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Piotr M. Czerski, Agata Dutkiewicz, Agnieszka Słopień, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Paula Szczesniewska, Ewa Bryl, Elzbieta Paszynska, Karolina Bilska, and Joanna Duda
Subjects: Male, Pediatric Obesity, Adolescent, DNA Mutational Analysis, Population, Comorbidity, QH426-470, Overweight, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Bioinformatics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, whole exome sequencing, Polymorphism (computer science), Exome Sequencing, mental disorders, Genetics, medicine, Humans, case-control association study, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, excessive body weight, Child, education, Genetic Association Studies, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Body Weight, medicine.disease, Obesity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Case-Control Studies, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, biology.protein, Female, Poland, medicine.symptom, business, Genetic Background
Abstract: Comorbidity studies show that children with ADHD have a higher risk of being overweight and obese than healthy children. This study aimed to assess the genetic alternations that differ between and are shared by ADHD and excessive body weight (EBW). The sample consisted of 743 Polish children aged between 6 and 17 years. We analyzed a unique set of genes and polymorphisms selected for ADHD and/or obesity based on gene prioritization tools. Polymorphisms in the KCNIP1, SLC1A3, MTHFR, ADRA2A, and SLC6A2 genes proved to be associated with the risk of ADHD in the studied population. The COMT gene polymorphism was one that specifically increased the risk of EBW in the ADHD group. Using the whole-exome sequencing technique, we have shown that the ADHD group contains rare and protein-truncating variants in the FBXL17, DBH, MTHFR, PCDH7, RSPH3, SPTBN1, and TNRC6C genes. In turn, variants in the ADRA2A, DYNC1H1, MAP1A, SEMA6D, and ZNF536 genes were specific for ADHD with EBW. In this way, we confirmed, at the molecular level, the existence of genes specifically predisposing to EBW in ADHD patients, which are associated with the biological pathways involved in the regulation of the reward system, intestinal microbiome, and muscle metabolism.
Published: 2021

45. Enzyme activities in parotid saliva of patients with the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa

Author: Christian Hannig, Elzbieta Paszynska, Agnieszka Słopień, and Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
Subjects: Saliva, medicine.medical_specialty, Proteases, Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescent, Transaminase, Pathogenesis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Parotid Gland, Amylase, Child, General Dentistry, Serine protease, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, 030206 dentistry, Cell Biology, General Medicine, 030227 psychiatry, Endocrinology, Enzyme, Otorhinolaryngology, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Female, Lysozyme, Secretory Rate
Abstract: Objective In patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) specific signs may occur in the oral cavity, but there are conflicting reports about their significance, especially concerning changes in salivary composition. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the resting parotid flow rate (PFR) and the activity of the following enzymes in parotid saliva: amylase, aspartate amino transferase (AST), lysozyme, peroxidase, serine and acidic proteases in the acute phase of the restrictive type of AN and to compare the findings with those in healthy controls. Design Forty-one subjects participated (20 patients with AN, 21 matched healthy controls), parotid saliva was collected using a modified Lashley cap at rest. Enzyme activities were measured with fluorimetric and photometric assays. Results The unstimulated PFR was significantly lower than in the controls, lysozyme and AST activity was significantly lower, and amylase showed a high inter-individual variability. A positive correlation for amylase and lysozyme and negative ones for lysozyme and BMI, lysozyme and IBW%, serine protease and salivary flow were observed. Conclusions The reduced PFR and enzyme activities levels suggest that AN does not only affect the quantity of the saliva but also its quality and, its biological functions. The results obtained should help to provide a better understanding of the effect of AN disease on the pathogenesis of at least some oral diseases. Further research is needed on any possible role of reduced lysozyme and transaminase activity in maintaining oral protection against external toxic agents and bacteria.
Published: 2017

46. Psychotic depression with Turner’s syndrome and autism spectrum disorder

Author: Anna Lewandowska, Janusz K. Rybakowski, Joanna Salagierska, Agnieszka Słopień, and Klaudia Domowicz
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Psychotic depression, medicine.disease, Turner's syndrome, Behavioral Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Autism spectrum disorder, medicine, Autism, business, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Published: 2017

47. Longitudinal study on novel neuropeptides phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa - association with psychiatric symptoms

Author: Artur Pałasz, Krzysztof M Wilczyński, Katarzyna Bogus, Flora Bacopoulou, Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz, Agata Dutkiewicz, Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek, Ewa Rojczyk, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, Łukasz Filipczyk, Elzbieta Paszynska, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, and Agnieszka Słopień
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal study, Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Peptide Hormones, Medicine (miscellaneous), Neuropeptide, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Kisspeptin, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Association (psychology), media_common, Inpatients, Kisspeptins, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Kiss, Neuropeptides, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Eating disorders, Endocrinology, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Female, business, human activities, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: It is hypothesized that novel neuropeptides such as phoenixin (PNX), spexin (SPX), and kisspeptin (KISS) are involved in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. The study presented here analyzed neuropeptide concentrations during the course of anorexia nervosa (AN) and aimed to correlate those values with anthropometric and psychometric measurements.A longitudinal study was carried outin 30 AN adolescent patients and 15 age-matched healthy female controls. Selected neuroprotein serum levels were analyzed in malnourished patients (accAN) and following partial weight recovery (norAN), and these values were compared with the control group.In accAN patients, decreased serum PNX levels were detected while SPX serum concentrations were lower in the accAN and norAN patients. No differences were observed in KISS concentrations in all studied groups.In malnourished adolescent inpatients with AN, serum PNX and SPX level were decreased. The partial weight recovery normalized PNX concentrations but failed to normalize SPX levels. Therefore these two neuropeptides might be crucial for the etiology and course of the AN. The KISS levels did not change in the course of AN. The PNX levels were associated with some symptoms of eating disorders which may indicate its potential contribution in the regulation of emotions and behaviors in AN.
Published: 2019

48. Abnormal body weight and food-related behavior in school-aged children as measured by the Children's Binge Eating Disorder Scale

Author: Ewa Bryl, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Elzbieta Paszynska, Lidia Matuszak-Wojciechowska, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Tomasz Hanć, Agnieszka Słopień, Joanna Duda, Paula Mamrot, and Agata Dutkiewicz
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Pediatric Obesity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Comorbidity, Overweight, Body weight, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cronbach's alpha, Binge-eating disorder, medicine, Humans, Screening tool, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Obesity, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Eating disorders, Scale (social sciences), Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Binge-Eating Disorder, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Obesity in children is becoming a global epidemic. Health and emotional consequences can threaten life and health both during childhood and adulthood. In this study, we aimed to assess the coexistence of overweight and obesity, binge eating disorder and detrimental attitudes toward nutrition among school-age children. We also aimed to determine the usefulness of the Children’s Binge Eating Disorder Scale (C-BEDS) as a screening tool. We examined a group of over 550 healthy children aged 6–12. In all, 15% were overweight, and 6% were obese. A total of 12% of the children presented an increased risk of eating disorders. The examined group of children significantly differed in the number of positive C-BEDS responses compared with the authors of the test. Test reliability as measured by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .008. Preliminary results indicate that the problem of excessive body weight affects every fifth child, consistent with previous reports. The C-BEDS used in this study did not permit the identification of children, neither with the risk of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) nor subthreshold BED. This may be due to the relatively low internal consistency of the questions contained in the scale.
Published: 2019

49. Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa

Author: Leila Karhunen, Geòrgia Escaramís, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Yiran Guo, Matteo Cassina, Stephan Ripke, Alessandro Rotondo, Harry Brandt, Nicholas G. Martin, Andreas Birgegård, Cynthia M. Bulik, Sietske G. Helder, Julie K. O'Toole, Martien J H Kas, Julien Bryois, Nancy L. Pedersen, Philippe Courtet, Virpi M. Leppä, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Liselotte Petersen, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, André Scherag, Roger A.H. Adan, George Dedoussis, Laramie E. Duncan, John F. Pearson, Helena Gaspar, Andrew W. Bergen, Jurjen J. Luykx, Paul Lichtenstein, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Lisa R. Lilenfeld, James L. Kennedy, Sébastien Guillaume, Angela Favaro, Artemis Tsitsika, Sara Marsal, Tõnu Esko, Joseph M. Boden, Janiece E. DeSocio, Stefan Ehrlich, Michael Strober, Laura M. Huckins, Alexandra Schosser, Katherine M. Kirk, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Dalila Pinto, Garret D. Stuber, Nicolas Ramoz, Dimitris Dikeos, Jochen Seitz, Stephanie Zerwas, Jolanta Lissowska, Jacques Pantel, Palmiero Monteleone, Katherine A. Halmi, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Scott D. Gordon, Ulrike Schmidt, Franziska Ritschel, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Jennifer Jordan, Ina Giegling, Grant W. Montgomery, Morten Mattingsdal, Esther Walton, Andreas Karwautz, Federica Tozzi, Marion Roberts, Vladimir Janout, P. Eline Slagboom, Laura M. Thornton, Hana Papezova, Mikael Landén, Deborah Kaminská, Robert D. Levitan, Daniela Degortes, Manuel Föcker, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Wolfgang Herzog, Katharina Buehren, Benedetta Nacmias, Christopher Hübel, Eleftheria Zeggini, L. John Horwood, Maria La Via, Claes Norring, Karin Egberts, Nadia Micali, Filip Rybakowski, Monica Forzan, Katrin Männik, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Thomas Werge, Tracey D. Wade, Raquel Rabionet, Scott J. Crow, Antonio Julià, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Claudette Boni, Roland Burghardt, Christopher S. Franklin, Alfonso Tortorella, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Ioanna Ntalla, Anke Hinney, Jaakko Kaprio, Lenka Slachtova, Anu Raevuori, Sandro Sorbi, Richard Parker, Johanna Giuranna, Kirstin L. Purves, Stephan Zipfel, James J. Crowley, Hidetoshi Inoko, Janet Treasure, Shuyang Yao, Leonid Padyukov, Youl-Ri Kim, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Joanna Hauser, Manfred M. Fichter, Samuli Ripatti, Zeynep Yilmaz, Stephanie Le Hellard, Bochao Danae Lin, Wade H. Berrettini, Gursharan Kalsi, Anders Juréus, Oliver S. P. Davis, Ilka Boehm, Lars Klareskog, Lenka Foretova, Ken B. Hanscombe, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Hunna J. Watson, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Krista Fischer, Xavier Estivill, Vesna Boraska Perica, Karen S. Mitchell, Andreas J. Forstner, Stefan Herms, Eric F. van Furth, Kelly L. Klump, Anjali K. Henders, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, David C. Whiteman, Catherine M. Olsen, James E. Mitchell, Martina de Zwaan, Johannes Hebebrand, Manuel Mattheisen, Anne Farmer, Agnieszka Słopień, Christian Dina, Dong Li, Marie Navratilova, Sarah E. Medland, Steven Crawford, Elisa Docampo, Craig Johnson, Tetsuya Ando, Elena Tenconi, Roger D. Cone, Sara McDevitt, Allan S. Kaplan, Patrick F. Sullivan, Paolo Santonastaso, Gudrun Wagner, James I. Hudson, Mario Maj, Margarita C T Slof-Op 't Landt, Anna Keski-Rahkonen, Annemarie A. van Elburg, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Danielle M. Dick, Beata Świątkowska, Sven Cichon, Jessica H. Baker, Peter McGuffin, Walter H. Kaye, Stephen W. Scherer, Maurizio Clementi, Valdo Ricca, D. Blake Woodside, Roel A. Ophoff, Unna N. Danner, Aarno Palotie, Elisabeth Widen, Nicholas J. Schork, Jakob Grove, Philip Gorwood, Christian R. Marshall, Preben Bo Mortensen, Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Hakon Hakonarson, Martin A. Kennedy, Dan Rujescu, Gerome Breen, Lars Alfredsson, Hartmut Imgart, Steven Gallinger, Ole A. Andreassen, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Pierre J. Magistretti, Andres Metspalu, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo (UiO)-Institute of Clinical Medicine-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Department of Psychiatry [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), The Institute of Psychiatry-King‘s College London, Department of Psychiatry (IDIBELL), CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición-University Hospital of Bellvitge, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Tokai University, Department of Optics [Univ Palacký], Faculty of Science [Univ Palacký], Palacky University Olomouc-Palacky University Olomouc, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, University of Helsinki, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Bergen (UiB), The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode (CIG), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Estonian Genome and Medicine, University of Tartu, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (RECAMO), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm - Paris Descartes), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Medstar Research Institute, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, The Scripps Translational Science Institute and The Scripps Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, Molecular Epidemiology, The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Oregon Research Institute (ORI), Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K, National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Computing [Dublin], Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Department of medicine [Stockholm], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Department of Genomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Watson, H. J., Yilmaz, Z., Thornton, L. M., Hubel, C., Coleman, J. R. I., Gaspar, H. A., Bryois, J., Hinney, A., Leppa, V. M., Mattheisen, M., Medland, S. E., Ripke, S., Yao, S., Giusti-Rodriguez, P., Hanscombe, K. B., Purves, K. L., Adan, R. A. H., Alfredsson, L., Ando, T., Andreassen, O. A., Baker, J. H., Berrettini, W. H., Boehm, I., Boni, C., Perica, V. B., Buehren, K., Burghardt, R., Cassina, M., Cichon, S., Clementi, M., Cone, R. D., Courtet, P., Crow, S., Crowley, J. J., Danner, U. N., Davis, O. S. P., de Zwaan, M., Dedoussis, G., Degortes, D., Desocio, J. E., Dick, D. M., Dikeos, D., Dina, C., Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M., Docampo, E., Duncan, L. E., Egberts, K., Ehrlich, S., Escaramis, G., Esko, T., Estivill, X., Farmer, A., Favaro, A., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Fichter, M. M., Fischer, K., Focker, M., Foretova, L., Forstner, A. J., Forzan, M., Franklin, C. S., Gallinger, S., Giegling, I., Giuranna, J., Gonidakis, F., Gorwood, P., Mayora, M. G., Guillaume, S., Guo, Y., Hakonarson, H., Hatzikotoulas, K., Hauser, J., Hebebrand, J., Helder, S. G., Herms, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Herzog, W., Huckins, L. M., Hudson, J. I., Imgart, H., Inoko, H., Janout, V., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Julia, A., Kalsi, G., Kaminska, D., Kaprio, J., Karhunen, L., Karwautz, A., Kas, M. J. H., Kennedy, J. L., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kiezebrink, K., Kim, Y. -R., Klareskog, L., Klump, K. L., Knudsen, G. P. S., La Via, M. C., Le Hellard, S., Levitan, R. D., Li, D., Lilenfeld, L., Lin, B. D., Lissowska, J., Luykx, J., Magistretti, P. J., Maj, M., Mannik, K., Marsal, S., Marshall, C. R., Mattingsdal, M., Mcdevitt, S., Mcguffin, P., Metspalu, A., Meulenbelt, I., Micali, N., Mitchell, K., Monteleone, A. M., Monteleone, P., Munn-Chernoff, M. A., Nacmias, B., Navratilova, M., Ntalla, I., O'Toole, J. K., Ophoff, R. A., Padyukov, L., Palotie, A., Pantel, J., Papezova, H., Pinto, D., Rabionet, R., Raevuori, A., Ramoz, N., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Ricca, V., Ripatti, S., Ritschel, F., Roberts, M., Rotondo, A., Rujescu, D., Rybakowski, F., Santonastaso, P., Scherag, A., Scherer, S. W., Schmidt, U., Schork, N. J., Schosser, A., Seitz, J., Slachtova, L., Slagboom, P. E., Slof-Op 't Landt, M. C. T., Slopien, A., Sorbi, S., Swiatkowska, B., Szatkiewicz, J. P., Tachmazidou, I., Tenconi, E., Tortorella, A., Tozzi, F., Treasure, J., Tsitsika, A., Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, M., Tziouvas, K., van Elburg, A. A., van Furth, E. F., Wagner, G., Walton, E., Widen, E., Zeggini, E., Zerwas, S., Zipfel, S., Bergen, A. W., Boden, J. M., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Halmi, K. A., Horwood, L. J., Johnson, C., Kaplan, A. S., Kaye, W. H., Mitchell, J. E., Olsen, C. M., Pearson, J. F., Pedersen, N. L., Strober, M., Werge, T., Whiteman, D. C., Woodside, D. B., Stuber, G. D., Gordon, S., Grove, J., Henders, A. K., Jureus, A., Kirk, K. M., Larsen, J. T., Parker, R., Petersen, L., Jordan, J., Kennedy, M., Montgomery, G. W., Wade, T. D., Birgegard, A., Lichtenstein, P., Norring, C., Landen, M., Martin, N. G., Mortensen, P. B., Sullivan, P. F., Breen, G., Bulik, C. M., and Kas lab
Subjects: Male, Anorexia Nervosa, LD SCORE REGRESSION, Medizin, Genome-wide association study, MYC, VARIANTS, Body Mass Index, ddc:616.89, 0302 clinical medicine, POLYGENIC RISK, genetics, molecular biology, anorexia nervosa, Anorexia Nervosa/etiology/genetics/pathology, 0303 health sciences, Metabolic Diseases/complications/genetics, HERITABILITY, Mental Disorders, Anorèxia nerviosa, Genomics, metabo-psychiatric origins, Prognosis, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Eating disorders, INSIGHTS, Phenotype, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Medical genetics, Female, GENETIC CORRELATIONS, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Quantitative Trait Loci, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolic Diseases, mental disorders, medicine, Genetics, Journal Article, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Case-control study, EATING-DISORDERS, Anorexia nervosa, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Genetic architecture, Genomics/methods, Genòmica, Case-Control Studies, Mental Disorders/complications/genetics, COMORBIDITY, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Characterized primarily by a low body-mass index, anorexia nervosa is a complex and serious illness 1, affecting 0.9–4% of women and 0.3% of men 2–4, with twin-based heritability estimates of 50–60% 5. Mortality rates are higher than those in other psychiatric disorders 6, and outcomes are unacceptably poor 7. Here we combine data from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative (ANGI) 8,9 and the Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-ED) and conduct a genome-wide association study of 16,992 cases of anorexia nervosa and 55,525 controls, identifying eight significant loci. The genetic architecture of anorexia nervosa mirrors its clinical presentation, showing significant genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders, physical activity, and metabolic (including glycemic), lipid and anthropometric traits, independent of the effects of common variants associated with body-mass index. These results further encourage a reconceptualization of anorexia nervosa as a metabo-psychiatric disorder. Elucidating the metabolic component is a critical direction for future research, and paying attention to both psychiatric and metabolic components may be key to improving outcomes.
Published: 2019

50. Is there a link between stress and immune biomarkers and salivary opiorphin in patients with a restrictive-type of anorexia nervosa?

Author: Magdalena Roszak, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Justyna Otulakowska-Skrzynska, Agata Dutkiewicz, Yves Boucher, Maria Gawriolek, Szymon Rzatowski, Agnieszka Słopień, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, and Elzbieta Paszynska
Subjects: Saliva, Anorexia Nervosa, Hydrocortisone, Analgesic, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Salivary Proteins and Peptides, Biological Psychiatry, business.industry, Opiorphin, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Case-Control Studies, Antidepressant, business, Oligopeptides, Biomarkers, Stress, Psychological, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives: Opiorphin is a salivary peptide with analgesic and antidepressant properties. Its relationship with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, autonomic nervous and immune systems may provide ...
Published: 2019

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