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Abstract In the realm of intelligent healthcare, there is a growing ambition to reshape medical services through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). However, conventional machine learning faces inherent challenges such as privacy issues, delayed updates, and protracted training times, particularly due to the hesitance of medical institutions to directly share sensitive data, with possible noises. In response to these concerns, a Quantum-Assisted Federated Intelligent Diagnosis Algorithm ( $$\beta $$ β -QuAFIDA) is proposed, applied into real medical data. Leveraging the capabilities of the 5G mobile network, this approach works the connection between Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices through the 5G, synchronizing training and updating the server model without disrupting their real-world applications. In our quest to safeguard patient data and enhance training efficiency, our study employs an innovative heuristic approach marked by a nested loop structure. Specifically, the inner loop is dedicated to training the beta-variational quantum eigensolver ( $$\beta $$ β -VQE) to approximate the expectation values of the proposed algorithm; the outer loop trains the $$\beta $$ β -QuAFIDA to reduce the relative entropy towards the target. This approach involves a balance between privacy considerations and the urgency of training. Results demonstrate that representations with low-rank attained through $$\beta $$ β -QuAFIDA offer an effective approach for acquiring low-rank states. This research signifies a step forward in the synergy between AI and 5G technologies, presenting a novel avenue for the advancement of intelligent healthcare.

The incorporation of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in educational environments has generated diverse effects. The literature has established that the use of ICT can generate techno-distress in both teachers and students. However, the techno-distress and burnout caused in parents who help their children to use technological platforms have not been analyzed in depth. To contribute to closing this theoretical gap, we conducted a study with 131 parents who helped their children to use technological platforms, considering two antecedents of techno-distress and its effect on parental burnout. Our results demonstrate that both the home facilitating conditions and the system quality influence parental techno-distress. Additionally, it was possible to demonstrate that techno-distress has a significant effect on parental burnout. The use of technology in educational environments is increasing at all educational levels. Therefore, the present study provides relevant information that schools can use to reduce the impact of the negative effects generated by technology.

IntroductionResearch on work-family dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic shows that family demands increased for workers, particularly those with children. This heightened family-to-work conflict negatively affects the subjective well-being of parents and their children. However, these outcomes have been mainly examined on individuals without considering the family as the unit of analysis. This study aimed to explore the relationships between family-to-work conflict, psychological distress, and family life satisfaction in dual-earner parents with adolescent children during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the potential mediating role of psychological distress among FtoWC and family life satisfaction and the moderating role of household monthly income were tested.MethodsThe non-probabilistic sample in Chile comprised 860 dual-earner parents and one of their adolescent children (mean age 13.5 years, 50.8% female). Parents answered an online questionnaire with FtoWC scale, whereas parents and adolescents answered the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale. Analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and the mediation actor-partner interdependence model.ResultsFtoWC was directly linked to lower family life satisfaction in fathers and via a mediating role of psychological distress in both parents. Mothers’ FtoWC was related via the mediating role of the fathers’ psychological distress to fathers’ lower family life satisfaction and via the mediating role of the adolescents’ psychological distress to adolescents’ lower family life satisfaction. Monthly household income moderated three APIM model paths involving mothers’ variables.DiscussionThese findings underscore the importance of implementing family-oriented workplace policies. Such policies may help mitigate both parents’ experiences of FtoWC and their resulting psychological distress.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function that affects the elderly and impairs their quality of life. Objective: To establish the association between sarcopenia, health habits, lifestyles, and comorbidities in older adults. Methods: Adopting a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and observational cross-sectional design, the research involved 65 participants aged over 60 (71.83±7.31). To assess health habits, lifestyles, and comorbidities, questionnaires addressed alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, and history of peripheral vascular disease, acute myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and pain. Sarcopenia was evaluated using criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). Chi-Square test was used to associate the presence of sarcopenia with health habits, lifestyles, and comorbidities. Results: Revealed a significant association between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p= 0.002), physical activity level (p= 0.004), and sedentary behavior (p= 0.001). Conversely, no significant associations were found between sarcopenia and acute myocardial infarction (p= 0.356), peripheral vascular disease (p= 0.098), high blood pressure (p= 0.724), hypercholesterolemia (p= 0.653), smoking habit (p= 0.267), alcohol consumption (p= 0.674), upper limb pain (p= 0.343), lower limb pain (p= 0.260), or spine pain (p= 0.418). Conclusions: That there is a significant association between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus type 2, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior in older people.

Abstract The use of nanomaterials in medicine offers multiple opportunities to address neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These diseases are a significant burden for society and the health system, affecting millions of people worldwide without sensitive and selective diagnostic methodologies or effective treatments to stop their progression. In this sense, the use of gold nanoparticles is a promising tool due to their unique properties at the nanometric level. They can be functionalized with specific molecules to selectively target pathological proteins such as Tau and α-synuclein for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. Additionally, these proteins are used as diagnostic biomarkers, wherein gold nanoparticles play a key role in enhancing their signal, even at the low concentrations present in biological samples such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid, thus enabling an early and accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, gold nanoparticles act as drug delivery platforms, bringing therapeutic agents directly into the brain, improving treatment efficiency and precision, and reducing side effects in healthy tissues. However, despite the exciting potential of gold nanoparticles, it is crucial to address the challenges and issues associated with their use in the medical field before they can be widely applied in clinical settings. It is critical to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of these nanomaterials in the context of the central nervous system. Therefore, rigorous preclinical and clinical studies are needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of these strategies in patients. Since there is scarce and sometimes contradictory literature about their use in this context, the main aim of this review is to discuss and analyze the current state-of-the-art of gold nanoparticles in relation to delivery, diagnosis, and therapy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as recent research about their use in preclinical, clinical, and emerging research areas. Graphical Abstract

Este artículo evalúa el impacto de la Priorización Curricular (PC) en la Educación Básica de la Provincia de Curicó, teniendo como objetivo analizar las percepciones de los docentes de Lenguaje y Comunicación y Matemáticas, abordando aspectos como la incidencia en el aprendizaje, cambios en metodologías y estrategias, como también ventajas y desventajas que se perciben en la PC. Este estudio se llevó a cabo mediante un enfoque cualitativo, aplicando una entrevista semiestructurada a docentes de dependencias municipales, particular subvencionado y particular, los cuales realizan clases en 6°básico, esta arrojó datos relevantes como una mirada negativa hacia la PC en ambas asignaturas, así como también, un cambio en las metodologías y estrategias educativas. Se concluye que, desde la perspectiva de los participantes, la propuesta de enseñanza, a través de, objetivos priorizados del Ministerio de Educación de Chile no es adecuada para obtener resultados exitosos en los alumnos.

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la percepción que tienen las personas en situación de discapacidad con respecto a la incidencia sobre su salud y calidad de vida, de los programas de actividad físico-deportiva y recreativa en los que participan en la región de Ñuble. La investigación utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, con diseño no experimental, transeccional. Las unidades de análisis fueron los beneficiarios de los programas, aplicando un muestreo probabilístico de carácter intencional. Además, se recurrió a la técnica “bola de nieve” para ampliar la base de informantes, y se utilizó la técnica de entrevista en profundidad. En las entrevistas, los participantes comentaron que mediante los programas físico-deportivos de la región de Ñuble han logrado mejoras sustanciales en cuanto a la inserción y las relaciones sociales, sintiendo un reconocimiento social; también dan cuenta de la autovalencia y de la importancia de realizar actividades sin la ayuda de otra persona, sea en labores cotidianas, traslados o compromisos educacionales. En varios casos se ha generado un impulso hacia la vida laboral, político y deportivo nacional e internacional de algunos beneficiarios, no obstante, los beneficiarios de los programas comentaron la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas para la difusión y el acceso a estos programas, así como la importancia de mejorar las políticas públicas y ampliar los niveles de cobertura de los programas.

The Riemann sum method (RSM) was introduced almost two decades ago as an efficient parameter computation method for the design of narrowband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mobile fading channel simulators based on the sum-of-cisoids (SOC) principle. This method has been shown to be more accurate and less computationally expensive than other methods based on the SOC principle. However, the RSM was formulated by assuming uniform linear antenna arrays and a two-dimensional geometrical propagation environment. These assumptions impose important limitations, as the mobile communication systems are evolving to provide service in a variety of three-dimensional (3D) environments by employing different antenna array configurations. This article presents two generalized versions of the RSM that remove such limitations. One version follows the deterministic approach of the original RSM, which is specific to the design of ergodic SOC-based simulators for wide-sense stationary (WSS) channels. The other version is inspired by a stochastic approach that enables the non-ergodic simulation of WSS channels and which can be extrapolated to the simulation of non-WSS channels. Simulation results presented here demonstrate that both generalizations provide an excellent approximation to the envelope distribution and correlation properties of 3D narrowband MIMO mobile-to-mobile fading channels, regardless of the antenna array configuration and the propagation environment's geometry.

Background: Gold nanoparticles can generate heat upon exposure to radiation due to their plasmonic properties, which depend on particle size and shape. This enables precise control over the release of active substances from polymeric pharmaceutical formulations, minimizing side effects and premature release. The technology of 3D printing, especially vat photopolymerization, is valuable for integrating nanoparticles into complex formulations. Method: This study aimed to incorporate gold nanospheres (AuNSs) and nanorods (AuNRs) into polymeric matrices using vat photopolymerization, allowing for controlled drug release with exposure to 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths. Results: The AuNSs (27 nm) responded to 532 nm and the NRs (60 nm length, 10 nm width) responded to 1064 nm. Niclosamide was used as the drug model. Ternary blends of Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate 250 (PEGDA 250), Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400), and water were optimized using DesignExpert 11 software for controlled drug release upon specific wavelength exposure. Three matrices, selected based on solubility and printability, underwent rigorous characterization. Two materials achieved controlled drug release with specific wavelengths. Bilayer devices combining AuNSs and AuNRs demonstrated selective drug release based on irradiation wavelength. Conclusions: A pharmaceutical device was developed, capable of controlling drug release upon irradiation, with potential applications in treatments requiring delayed administration.

El estudio tuvo por objetivo describir y clasificar los trabajos de titulación desarrollados entre los años 2009 al 2019 de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Física de una universidad pública no estatal del sur de Chile. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos. Se analizó un total de 212 tesis, para la clasificación se elaboró una propuesta que estableció 3 áreas temáticas, cuyos resultados exponen que la mayor cantidad de trabajos de titulación se encuentran en el área pedagógica, seguida por el área disciplinar y finalmente el área integral. Se concluye que estudios descriptivos en torno al análisis de tesis en un periodo de tiempo determinado permiten conocer y reorientar los procesos de formación inicial docente en Educación Física en torno a las demandas para una formación de calidad en relación con la malla curricular y normas institucionales establecidas.

This study examines the problem of minimizing the amount and distribution of time delays or latencies experienced by data as they travel from one point to another within a software-defined network (SDN). For this purpose, a model is proposed that seeks to represent the minimization of the distances between network switches in proportion to the total nodes in a network. The highlights of this study are the proposal of two mixed-integer quadratic models from a fractional initial version. The first is obtained by transforming (from the original fractional model) the objective function into equivalent constraints. The second one is obtained by splitting each term of the fraction with an additional variable. The two developed models have a relationship between switches and controllers with quadratic terms. For this reason, an algorithm is proposed that can solve these problems in a shorter CPU time than the proposed models. In the development of this research work, we used real benchmarks and randomly generated networks, which were to be solved by all the proposed models. In addition, a few additional random networks that are larger in size were considered to better evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. All these instances are evaluated for different density scenarios. More precisely, we impose a constraint on the number of controllers for each network. All tests were performed using our models and the computational power of the Gurobi solver to find the optimal solutions for most of the instances. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents a novel mathematical representation of the latency density management problem in an SDN to measure the efficiency of the network. A detailed analysis of the test results shows that the effectiveness of the proposed models is closely related to the size of the studied networks. Furthermore, it can be noticed that the performance of the second model compared to the first one presents better behavior in terms of CPU times, the optimal solutions obtained, and the reduced Mipgaps obtained using the solver. These findings provide a deep understanding of how the models operate and how the optimization dynamics contribute to improving the efficiency and performance of SDNs.

The growth and development of green lettuce plants can be modulated by the prevailing light conditions around them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ambient light enrichment with different LED light spectra on agronomic characteristics, polyphenol concentration and relative gene expression of enzymes associated with polyphenol formation in ‘Levistro’ lettuce grown hydroponically in a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system for 28 days in a greenhouse. The spectra (blue:green:red:far-red) and red:blue (R:B) ratios obtained by enriching ambient light with Blue (B), White (W), Blue-Red (BR) and Red (R) LED light were B: 47:22:21:10, 0.5:1; W: 30:38:23:9, 0.8:1; BR: 33:15:44:8, 1.3:1 and R: 16:16:60:8, 3.8:1, respectively, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under the different treatments, measured at midday, ranged from 328 to 336 µmoles m−2 s−1. The resulting daily light integral (DLI) was between 9.1 and 9.6 mol m−2 day−1. The photoperiod for all enrichment treatments was 12 h of light. The control was ambient greenhouse light (25:30:30:15; R:B = 1.2:1; PAR = 702 µmoles m−2 s−1; DLI = 16.9 mol m−2 day−1; photoperiod = 14.2 h of light). Fresh weight (FW) and dried weight percentage (DWP) were similar among the enrichment treatments and the control. The leaf number increased significantly under BR and R compared to B lights. The relative index of chlorophyll concentration (RIC) increased as plants grew and was similar among the enrichment treatments and the control. On the other hand, the concentration of chlorogenic acid and chicoric acid increased under BR and B lights, which was consistent with the higher relative expression of the coumarate 3-hydroxylase enzyme gene. In view of the results, it is inferred that half of the PAR or DLI is sufficient to achieve normal growth and development of ‘Levistro’ lettuce plants, suggesting a more efficient use of light energy under the light enrichment treatments. On the other hand, the blue and combined blue-red lights promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the leaves of ‘Levistro’ lettuce plants.

In this paper, the quadratic p-median optimization problem is discussed, where the goal is to connect users to a selected group of facilities (emergency services, telecommunications servers, healthcare facilities) at the lowest possible cost. The problem is aimed at minimizing the cost of connecting these selected facilities. The costs are symmetric, meaning connecting two different points is the same in both directions. This problem extends the traditional p-median problem, a combinatorial problem used in various fields like facility location, network design, transportation, supply chain networks, emergency services, healthcare, and education planning. Surprisingly, the quadratic version has not been thoroughly considered in the literature. The paper highlights the formulation of two mixed-integer quadratic programming models to find optimal solutions to this problem. One model is a classic formulation, and the other is based on set cover theory. Linear versions and Bender’s decomposition formulations for each model are also derived. A Bender’s decomposition is solved using an algorithm that adds constraints during each iteration to improve the solution. Lazy constraints in the Gurobi solver’s branch and cut algorithm are dynamically added whenever a mixed-integer programming solution is found. Additionally, an efficient local search meta-heuristic is proposed that usually finds optimal solutions for tested instances. Challenging instances with up to 60 facilities and 2000 users are successfully solved. Our results show that Bender’s models with lazy constraints are the most effective for Euclidean and random test cases, achieving optimal solutions in less CPU time. The meta-heuristic also finds near-optimal solutions rapidly for these cases.

Epilepsy affects millions worldwide, making timely seizure detection crucial for effective treatment and enhanced well-being. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis offers a non-intrusive solution, but its visual interpretation is prone to errors and requires a lot of time. Many existing works focus solely on achieving competitive levels of accuracy without considering processing speed or the computational complexity of their models. This study aimed to develop an automated technique for identifying epileptic seizures in EEG data through analysis methods. The efforts have been primarily focused on achieving high accuracy results by operating exclusively within a narrow frequency band of the signal, while also aiming to minimize computational complexity. In this article, a new automated approach is presented for seizure detection by combining signal processing and machine learning techniques. The proposed method comprises four stages: (1) Preprocessing: Savitzky–Golay filter to remove the background noise. (2) Decomposition: discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to extract spontaneous alpha and beta frequency bands. (3) Feature extraction: six features (mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, energy, and entropy) are computed for each frequency band. (4) Classification: a support vector machine (SVM) method classifies signals as normal or containing a seizure. The method was assessed using two publicly available EEG datasets. For the alpha band, the highest achieved accuracy was 92.82%, and for the beta band it was 90.55%, which demonstrates adequate capability in both bands for accurate seizure detection. Furthermore, the obtained low computational cost suggests a potentially valuable application in real-time assessment scenarios. The obtained results indicate its capacity as a valuable instrument for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring patients. Further research is necessary for clinical validation and potential real-time deployment.

This paper presents an action research study conducted to explore how to strengthen pre-service EFL teacher professional identities through reflective practice at a university in the north of Chile. A 10- week workshop was developed to introduce participants to reflective practice as they took their extended teaching practicum. Reflections were fostered through an approach that was structured, conversational and collaborative. Qualitative data about the 12 participants' perceptions of the workshop were gathered using a focus group discussion. The hybrid thematic analysis of their responses indicated that participants' emerging teacher professional identities were strengthened in three highly relevant ways: participants developed confidence in their ability to problem-solve, their appreciation of collaboration grew, and they became more aware of the need for teachers to change. The conclusions and implications drawn may be of use to teacher educators in other contexts who are considering how to foster professional identity through reflective practice in pre-service teachers.

IntroductionAssessment of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire in adolescents (CFPQ-Teen) is still limited, with no evaluation of the measurement invariance. The participants comprised 473 Chilean adolescents of both sexes from dual-income nuclear families. The aims of this study were: (1) to adapt to Spanish and validate a model of five-factor version the CFPQ-Teen; (2) to examine the psychometric properties, (3) to evaluate the measurement invariance according to the adolescents’ gender; and (4) to compare the scores of each factor between female and male adolescents.MethodsThe instrument was translated, back-translated, and adapted from the CFPQ-Teen, confirming the equivalence, conceptual, and face validity in a pilot sample of 40 adolescents. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on the five-factor model of the CFPQ-Teen: Monitoring, Adolescent Control, Restriction for weight control, Parental Modeling, and Environment. The Environment factor was eliminated as a result.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis presented good reliability, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity values. In addition, medium to high goodness-of-fit levels were obtained by eliminating an item from the Adolescent Control factor. These results confirm a final 20-item model representing four factors. The multigroup invariance analysis of the measurement model verified configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict invariance. No significant differences were found between females and males in the scores on the four factors.DiscussionThese results enable comparisons by sex on the perceptions of Food Parenting Practices from the analyzed factors, primarily within the context of the Chilean sample.

Microgreens are vegetable or edible herb shoots harvested in the early stages of development. They have an important number of bioactive compounds and add color, texture, and flavor to dishes and salads. Given their benefits, small size, and high market prices, they can grow in indoor systems, where light is determinant. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different light intensities on agronomic characteristics, color, chlorophylls and carotenoids content, and antioxidant activity represented by total phenolic content (TPC), eliminate, and antioxidant capacity (AC) in four Brassicaceae species in two colors (green and red). The experiment was conducted in a controlled light-emitting diode (LED) environment growth chamber (day/night temperatures of 25/20 ± 1.2°C, 16 h photoperiod, and 79 ± 2% relative humidity). Three light intensities were used for microgreen growth with the same LED light spectrum: low (120 ± 5.1 μmol m−2 s−1), medium (160 ± 3.6 μmol m−2 s−1), and high (210 ± 5.9 μmol m−2 s−1). Eight g of the seeds of green and red cultivars of cabbage, kale, mizuna, and mustard were sown in a plastic tray (64 cm x 35 cm x 6 cm) with a mixture of peat and perlite (1:2 = v: v). Overall, the high intensity increased dry matter percentage and dry weight, except in green and red kale and green cabbage cultivars. In contrast, low intensity promoted a larger hypocotyl in all species than with high intensity; moreover, it enhanced the cotyledon area in green and red mizuna. Cabbage, kale, and mustard green cultivars were greener under medium intensity, whereas the low intensity enhanced the purple color of mizuna. In addition, chlorophyll a and b increased under low intensity in most species except the red kale and mustard cultivars. The high intensity raises the antioxidant activity, promoting a higher TPC and AC. The findings revealed that the light intensity generated variations in agronomic characteristics, color, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity of Brassicaceae microgreens, and the changes were based on the specific species and cultivars.

In this paper, we analyze the problem of managing users from different slices connecting to a software-defined network (SDN). We seek to minimize the propagation latency between switches and controllers as well as between controllers themselves. We also minimize the connection latency between users and their network access nodes. Thus, the main highlights of the paper are to formally represent the problem utilizing two equivalent mixed-integer quadratic programming models. The first one represents the user requirements of each slice by using a membership matrix. The second one consists of subsets of users separated within each slice requirement. Subsequently, the above models are analyzed in a standard linearized version. Finally, they are compared with a proposed local search math-heuristic algorithm. The proposed models and algorithm are solved with the CPLEX solver with default options. To the best of our knowledge, this journal paper constitutes a first attempt to incorporate network slicing in SDN allowing flexibility, resource efficiency, security, and effective management of the network facilitating the deployment of customized and adaptive services. Besides, our models allow us to deal with the management of connecting users to either controller or switch-type nodes depending on the slice to which each user belongs. For security reasons, a certain slice could only have access to the network controllers, while the rest of the users that belong to the other slices can connect to the switch-type nodes of the network. From the numerical experiments, we observe that the linear models show a better performance in terms of CPU times and the best solutions obtained. Similarly, our proposed approximation algorithm achieves near-optimal solutions in significantly shorter CPU times, for all the input graph networks, when compared to the proposed exact models which allows for finding the optimal solutions.

Understanding the spatial structure of fishing resource stocks is a fundamental aspect for the management and development of sustainable and productive fisheries. However, this aspect is usually simplified under the assumption of a stock unit, which assumes biologically similar and spatially homogeneous individuals, regardless of the real ranges and characteristics of their distribution. The persistence of geographic patterns in the biological traits of species suggests the spatial structuring of a population, a highly relevant aspect in stock assessment, calculation of Biological Reference Points (BRP), and management of fishing resources. In this work, the spatial heterogeneity of the biological traits of common hake (Merluccius gayi) from off-central Chile is modeled. Considering four reference zones, biological data collected over 26 years of monitoring fisheries and acoustic surveys is analyzed. The findings allow to biologically differentiate these areas whose main characteristics are the increase from north to south in the condition factor, gonad weight, and size at maturity. The Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR), fishing mortality, and BRP are calculated. Exploratorily, if these areas were considered closed subpopulations, results show that overexploitation is not a characteristic of all hake fishing areas, and that not considering the heterogeneity of biological traits causes the overestimation of the population condition in the main fishing areas. The aim of this research was to understand the spatial structuring of common hake based on the heterogeneity of biological attributes and its impact for fisheries management purposes.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

Mechanical ventilation is currently the most widely used supportive therapy for the treatment of moderate and severe hypoxemia of any etiology. However, the decision of “when” is the right time to initiate the withdrawal of this support is currently a matter of debate worldwide. Many authors describe that the disconnection process should be gradual and in compliance with standards that provide safety to this process; while other authors report that it is not feasible to establish a universal standard since each patient would have a unique behavior that would be difficult to establish in a protocolized manner. The present review represents an extensive search for evidence in an attempt to clarify this issue, generating evidence from a consensus of experts at international level, based on a broad review of the literature.

IntroductionOlder adults are a highly heterogeneous population, as individuals of the same age can show considerable variations in personal characteristics and living conditions. Risk and protective factors for older adults' subjective wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic can be explored by examining how life satisfaction, food-related life satisfaction, and associated variables coexist among these individuals. On this basis, this study aimed to identify older adult profiles based on their levels of life and food-related life satisfaction; to characterize these profiles by diet quality, social support, financial wellbeing, and sociodemographic characteristics; and to identify variables associated with higher life and food-related life satisfaction.MethodsThe sample included 1,371 institutionalized and non-institutionalized individuals over the age of 60, from four cities in Chile. Participants answered a survey, either online or face to face, with questions about life and food-related life satisfaction, perceived social support from family, friends, and others, food quality, financial wellbeing/distress, sociodemographic characteristics, and prior COVID-19 infection.ResultsUsing a latent profile analysis, we identified three profiles of older adults: Profile 1: Unsatisfied with their life, somewhat satisfied with their food-related life (5.40%); Profile 2: Somewhat satisfied with their life, satisfied with their food-related life (65.06%); Profile 3: Extremely satisfied with their life and food-related life (29.54%). Profiles differed by residence (institutionalized vs. independent), age, marital status, social support, financial wellbeing, COVID-19 infection, and city of residence.DiscussionThe patterns of association between life and food-related satisfaction and related variables indicate conditions of vulnerability and protection related to living conditions, the social dimensions of food consumption, and social support. These results underscore the need for identifying groups of older adults based on diverse characteristics and conditions outside of chronological age.

In this article, the problem of achieving the minimum backbone connectivity cost while simultaneously maximizing user coverage for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave)-based networks is considered. Let G=(N,E) be an input graph instance with a set of nodes N (base stations) and a set of edges E. It is assumed that G represents a wireless backbone network. Let M represent a set of users to be covered by G. Note that mmWave technology has been considered in the literature as an important candidate solution for 5G networks due to its low latency. However, there remain some problems to be addressed before using this technology. A serious one is that millimeter waves cannot cover large transmission distances. In this article, the proposed methodology consists of formulating mixed-integer programming models to deal with the problem from a management point of view. Our models allow the determination of which of the nodes of G should be active and connected while simultaneously maximizing the total number of covered users. The models are solved with the CPLEX solver using its branch and cut and automatic Benders decomposition algorithms. For this purpose, symmetric complete and sparse graphs are considered. Using the symmetry concept, it is considered that the distances between base stations and users and between base stations themselves are symmetrical. Finally, an efficient local search meta-heuristic is proposed that allows for finding near-optimal solutions. Our numerical experiments indicate that the problem is hard to solve optimally. Thus, instances with up to 40 nodes and 500 users have been solved to optimality so far. In particular, it is observed that one of the models presents slightly better performance in terms of CPU time. Finally, the heuristic approach allows us to obtain tight solutions with less computational effort when dealing with even larger instances of the problem.

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the work-family interface dynamics in some families. For couples who kept earning a double income during the pandemic, their family demands may entail a loss of psychological resources that affect the work domain. This study explored the intra-individual and inter-individual (crossover) direct and indirect effects of family-to-work conflict (FtoWC) on psychological distress and job satisfaction in a non-probabilistic sample of 860 different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children from Temuco and Rancagua, Chile. Mothers and fathers answered an online questionnaire measuring FtoWC, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. The data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model with structural equation modeling. Results showed that a higher FtoWC is linked to greater psychological distress and lower job satisfaction in both parents. In contrast, psychological distress is directly linked to lower job satisfaction in fathers. In both fathers and mothers, they and their partners’ FtoWC were indirectly linked to lower job satisfaction via the fathers’ psychological distress. These findings indicate the need for gender-sensitive social and labor policies aimed at reducing the conflict between family and work to increase job satisfaction in both parents and reduce psychological distress, particularly in fathers.

Este artículo compara dos procesos comunitarios vecinales que han tenido lugar en una ciudad intermedia de la zona central de Chile. El primero de ellos tuvo lugar antes del estallido social de 2019 y el segundo se originó a partir de este. En ambos casos se observan articulaciones y vínculos que, por un lado, traspasan los límites político-administrativos establecidos por la forma dominante de concebir lo vecinal y, por otro complejizan las agendas comunitarias. Sin embargo, existe entre ellos diferencias importantes. En el primero, pre estallido, se aprecia un proceso estado-céntrico: los esfuerzos de la articulación se orientan a la búsqueda de respuesta del estado. En el segundo, originado a partir del estallido, el proceso es más bien socio-céntrico: los esfuerzos apuntan a fortalecer las propias redes comunitarias y su autonomía. Este proceso, socio-céntrico, reticular y performático, da pistas para pensar lo vecinal. Si bien las experiencias que habíamos estudiado antes muestran un incremento del poder de las organizaciones para intermediar, este sigue estando sujeto a las formas estatales de gestionar lo social. En cambio, aquí aparece lo comunitario como esfera autónoma: no existe para dirigirse al estado, sino que para reproducirse a sí mismo.

Novel ozone (O3) sanitizing treatments can be used to decrease the microbial load during cultivation, but they would affect the composition of the nutrient solution. Variations in the nutrient composition decrease crop yields, especially if a strong oxidizing agent such as ozone is used. In this study, O3 was applied throughout the culture every two days at doses of 0.0 (control); 0.5; 1.0; and 2.0 mg·L−1 for 3 min on baby red chard (Beta vulgaris L. cv. SCR 107) grown in a floating hydroponic system. Macronutrients and micronutrients in the nutrient solution, yield, antioxidant compounds, and oxidative stress enzymes were evaluated in plants. Macronutrients in the nutrient solution were not affected by O3, whereas micronutrients, such as Fe and Mn, decreased by 88.2 and 39.6%, respectively, at the 0.5 mg·L−1 dose. The dose of 0.5 mg·L−1 produced more fresh matter and leaf area than the control. Antioxidant capacity and total phenols were not significantly affected by O3 treatments; however, higher SOD, CAT, and APX activity after O3 applications were found. It is concluded that ozone applications to the nutrient solution affect the availability of some micronutrients and increase oxidative stress and yield in baby red chard plants.

Abstract Background Structure-based drug repositioning has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional drug development. Regardless of the many success stories reported over the past years and the novel breakthroughs on the AI-based system AlphaFold for structure prediction, the availability of structural data for protein–drug complexes remains very limited. Whereas the chemical libraries contain millions of drug compounds, the vast majority of them do not have structures to crystallized targets,and it is, therefore, impossible to characterize their binding to targets from a structural view. However, the concept of building blocks offers a novel perspective on the structural problem. A drug compound is considered a complex of small chemical blocks or fragments, which confer the relevant properties to the drug and have a high proportion of functional groups involved in protein binding. Based on this, we propose a novel approach to expand the scope of structure-based repositioning approaches by transferring the structural knowledge from a fragment to a compound level. Results We fragmented over 100,000 compounds in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and characterized the structural binding mode of 153,000 fragments to their crystallized targets. Using the fragment’s data, we were able to artificially reconstruct the binding mode of over 7,800 complexes between ChEMBL compounds and their known targets, for which no structural data is available. We proved that the conserved binding tendency of fragments, when binding to the same targets, highly influences the drug’s binding specificity and carries the key information to reconstruct full drugs binding mode. Furthermore, our approach was able to reconstruct multiple compound-target pairs at optimal thresholds and high similarity to the actual binding mode. Conclusions Such reconstructions are of great value and benefit structure-based drug repositioning since they automatically enlarge the technique’s scope and allow exploring the so far ‘unexplored compounds’ from a structural perspective. In general, the transfer of structural information is a promising technique that could be applied to any chemical library, to any compound that has no crystal structure available in PDB, and even to transfer any other feature that may be relevant for the drug discovery process and that due to data limitations is not yet fully available. In that sense, the results of this work document the full potential of structure-based screening even beyond PDB. Graphical Abstract

The routing mechanisms in flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been a challenging issue for many reasons, such as its high speed and different directions of use. In FANETs, the routing protocols send hello messages periodically for the maintenance of routes. However, the hello messages that are sent in the network increase the bandwidth wastage on some occasions and the excessive number of hello messages can also cause the problem of energy loss. Scarce works deal with the problem of excessive hello messages in dynamic UAVs scenarios, and treat several other problems, such as bandwidth and energy wastage simultaneously. Generally, the existing solutions configure the hello interval to an excessive long or short time period originating delay in neighbors discovery. Thus, a self-acting approach is necessary for calculating the exact number of hello messages with the aim to reduce the bandwidth wastage of the network and the energy loss; this approach needs to be low complex in terms of computational resource consumption. In order to solve this problem, an intelligent Hello dissemination model, AI-Hello, based on reinforcement learning algorithms, that adapts the hello message interval scheme is proposed to produce a dense reward structure, and facilitating the network learning. Experimental results, considering FANET dynamic scenarios of high speed range with 40 UAVs, show that the proposed method implemented in two widely adopted routing protocols (AODV and OLSR) saved 30.86% and 27.57% of the energy consumption in comparison to the original AODV and OLSR protocols, respectively. Furthermore, our proposal reached better network performance results in relation to the state-of-the-art methods that are implemented in the same protocols, considering parameters, such as routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, throughput and delay.

Introduction: Neuronal Ca2+ signals generated through the activation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in response to activity-generated Ca2+ influx play a significant role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and memory. We and others have previously reported that diverse stimulation protocols, or different memory-inducing procedures, enhance the expression of endoplasmic reticulum-resident Ca2+ release channels in rat primary hippocampal neuronal cells or hippocampal tissue.Methods and Results: Here, we report that induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by Theta burst stimulation protocols of the CA3-CA1 hippocampal synapse increased the mRNA and protein levels of type-2 Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2) Ca2+ release channels in rat hippocampal slices. Suppression of RyR channel activity (1 h preincubation with 20 μM ryanodine) abolished both LTP induction and the enhanced expression of these channels; it also promoted an increase in the surface expression of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2 and caused a moderate but significant reduction of dendritic spine density. In addition, training rats in the Morris water maze induced memory consolidation, which lasted for several days after the end of the training period, accompanied by an increase in the mRNA levels and the protein content of the RyR2 channel isoform.Discussion: We confirm in this work that LTP induction by TBS protocols requires functional RyR channels. We propose that the increments in the protein content of RyR2 Ca2+ release channels, induced by LTP or spatial memory training, play a significant role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory consolidation.

IntroductionResearch has evaluated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on individuals' life satisfaction, but wellbeing interrelations between family members in this context have been less explored. This study examined the spillover and crossover effects of one parent's job satisfaction (JS), satisfaction with family life (SWFaL) and satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL) on their own, their partner's, and their adolescent children's life satisfaction (LS), and the influence of adolescents' SWFaL and SWFoL on their own and their parents' LS, in dual-earner families with adolescents. The moderating role of job-related variables of both parents were also explored.MethodsQuestionnaires were administered to 860 dual-earner parents with adolescents in two cities in Chile during 2020. Mothers and fathers answered the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale and the three family members answered the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale and the Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale.ResultsUsing the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling, we found that fathers' LS was positively associated with their own JS, SWFaL and SWFoL (spillover), and negatively with adolescents' SWFoL (crossover). Likewise, mothers' LS was positively associated with their own JS, SWFaL and SWFoL (spillover), with fathers' and adolescents' SWFaL, and negatively with adolescents' SWFoL. Adolescents' LS was positively associated with their own SWFaL and SWFoL (spillover), and with their fathers' JS, and negatively with their fathers' SWFoL. JS showed gendered patterns in spillover and crossover associations. Parents' type of employment, mothers' working hours and city of residence moderated some spillover and crossover associations for father-mother and parent-adolescent dyads.DiscussionThese findings suggest that, for dual-earner parents with adolescents, improving individuals' LS requires interventions that should be carried out not individually, but at a family level.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo general construir colectivamente los conceptos de calidad y de excelencia para una universidad chilena como parte de la actualización de su política de calidad, en el marco de la búsqueda permanente de la mejora continua al interior de la institución. Se realizó una revisión teórica de ambos conceptos, lo que permitió establecer que la calidad es una temática ampliamente estudiada en educación superior, no así la idea de excelencia, que se encuentra investigada en menor medida. Se determinó que no es suficiente una construcción teórica para sus definiciones, ya que ambos conceptos poseen una multidimensionalidad y son dependientes del contexto al que pertenecen. Consecuentemente, fue necesario destacar las opiniones de los diferentes integrantes de la comunidad universitaria en su definición. Se decidió aplicar un enfoque cualitativo y exploratorio a partir de las opiniones de los distintos estamentos, donde participaron 75 personas de un levantamiento realizado a través de grupos focales aplicados en agosto de 2020 y en octubre del año 2021. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de contenido que estableció los siguientes resultados: cada definición de los conceptos debe ser concreta e incluir un enfoque que considere el contexto y los elementos propios del quehacer de la universidad, tales como objetivos, identidad, propósitos, misión y visión institucional; la definición del concepto de excelencia debe incluir de manera explícita la calidad, de modo que se visualice la relación entre ambas definiciones.

Early childhood caries (ECC) are an oral health problem worldwide in children under 6 years of age. This disease of rapid development has a multifactorial etiology, and one of the possible risk factors is developmental defects of enamel (DDE), such as hypoplasia and opacities. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between DDE and ECC in children under 6 years of age. An electronic search was conducted until March 2022 using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Science-Direct, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO-Host, EMBASE, and Google Scholar and complemented with a manual search, with no restrictions on language or date of publication. Longitudinal studies of children under 6 years of age with primary dentition were included. A total of 1158 studies were found, of which 651 records were reviewed by title and abstract, and 24 articles were selected for full-text evaluation. Finally, nine studies that met the selection criteria were included in the qualitative synthesis. Study quality and certainty were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Three cohort studies of good quality were included in the meta-analysis. A risk associated with DDE (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.52–2.49) and a risk associated with enamel hypoplasia (RR = 5.45; 95% CI: 1.84–16.14) were found. The results for diffuse opacity (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.18–8.15) and demarcated opacity (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.43–3.65) were not significant. GRADE analysis presented low and very low certainty of evidence. It was concluded that there is an association between DDE and ECC. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the study.The protocol for this study has been registered in PROSPERO under identification number CRD42021238919.

The spectrum and intensity of light play a significant role in the primary and secondary metabolism of plants. Low intensity can make the photosynthetic process less efficient, while inadequate spectrum can impair plant growth and quality. This study investigates the effect of different LED light spectra at low intensity on germination and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings under a temperature-controlled chamber and the subsequent impact on mature plants grown in a greenhouse under natural light. The purpose was to reach a commercial plant seedling using a low amount of energy to achieve the yield potential in a shorter period. The experiment was carried out in three trials. In trial 1, the effect of different LED light wavelengths [100% blue (B); 100% red (R); mixed light 1 (52% blue, 27% green and 21% red) (BGR1), and mixed light 2 (29% blue, 53% green and 17% red and 1% far red) (BGR2)] at low intensity (55 μmol m–2 s–1 and 12 h light photoperiod) and darkness (control) on germination of two lettuce cultivars [‘Levistro’ (green) and ‘Carmolí’ (red)] was evaluated in a controlled temperature chamber (20±1.2°C). In trial 2, the effect of the same light conditions of the first experiment on agronomic characteristics and pigment contents of lettuce seedlings compared to the natural light (control: 451±66 μmol m–2 s–1) were evaluated. In trial 3, the seedlings developed under different LED light wavelengths were transplanted to evaluate the subsequent effect on the growth of baby lettuce cultivated hydroponically in the greenhouse under natural light. The results of this study show that red wavelength reduced germination percentage, while lights with a higher blue component (B and BGR1) accelerated germination and increased the number of germinated seeds in ‘Levistro’. Red also delayed germination and decreased the number of germinated seeds in ‘Carmolí’ compared to darkness. Seedlings of ‘Levistro’ had a higher fresh weight (FW) than ‘Carmolí’. In addition, FW increased under BGR2 and R, which coincided with the highest number of leaves and leaf length. Nevertheless, fresh weight was higher under BGR2 and B after transplanting, coinciding with the highest number of leaves. A higher blue component of the light (B and BGR1) increased the dry matter percentage (DMP) of seedlings, but there was no significant difference after transplanting. Chlorophyll (CHL) a and b content increased under BGR2; however, the highest CHL a/b ratio was observed under BGR1 in ‘Levistro’ and B in ‘Carmolí’, but it was higher after transplanting when seedlings were grown under B. The anthocyanin (ANT) content of ‘Carmolí’ seedlings was promoted by a higher blue component of the light (B and BGR1) but significantly increased under natural light (control) at the highest intensity. This work shows that varying the spectrum at low intensity can positively modify the growth and biochemical characteristics of lettuce seedlings, although the effect depends on the cultivar. This modification improves the performance of plants during greenhouse growth after transplanting, especially seedlings grown under B and BGR2. Highlights - Blue light enhanced germination and increased the number of germinated seeds of green lettuce. - High blue component lights improved the morphology, dry matter percentage, and chlorophyll a/b ratio of lettuce seedlings. - Blue and full-spectrum lights applied to lettuce seedlings affect fresh weight after transplanting. - The anthocyanin content of seedlings was stimulated by blue light at 55 μmol m–2 s–1, but even more so by PAR of natural light at 451 μmol m–2 s–1.

In the article, it is addressed the problem of how regional and local scales have been considered within development strategies. We show, from theoretical literature review, that there is an implicit or explicit reference to local areas in the development debate, and that reference to local communities has acquired a greater reflexive importance. We concluded that, historically, the theoretical and practical approach to subnational spaces has had different characteristics and meanings and, at least, we could identify five modes of referring to the local: in the first place, as an aspect in the integration of the logic of making national spaces more compact and dominable; then, as a complementary scale to others, particularly the national one; subsequently, as a relevant element to face problems, challenges or own possibilities; in the fourth place, as an own look of the development that rises in front of other parts that are the axis outside the local spaces, and, finally, as a proposal radically critical to current development.

In recent years, measurement of quality of life has received increased attention. We use the satisfaction with life and subjective happiness scales in older adults living in urban areas in the Maule Region, Chile; generalized linear models are used (n = 396). We find that (1) gender is linked to satisfaction with life, (2) satisfaction with one’s own economic situation have significant effects on satisfaction with life and happiness, and (3) health, family and satisfaction with food are the most important predictors of both satisfaction with life and happiness.