1. Contrasting Characteristics and Outcomes of Sports-Related and Non–Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury
- Author
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Ntikas, M, Stewart, W, Ietswaart, M, Hunter, A, Maas, A, Menon, D, Wilson, L, Ackerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Carbayo Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Castaño-León, A, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Della Corte, F, den Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin, V, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Gao, G, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubović, J, Gomez, P, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Haagsma, J, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, Kolias, A, Kompanje, E, Kondziella, D, Kornaropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Manley, G, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Mikolic, A, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Nair, N, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Otesile, O, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Peul, W, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Pisica, D, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Rădoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Retel Helmrich, I, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Schwendenwein, E, Singh, R, Sewalt, C, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Stevens, R, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Taylor, M, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Thibaut, A, Tibboel, D, Timmers, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Unterberg, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, van der Jagt, M, van der Naalt, J, Van der Steen, G, van Dijck, J, van Erp, I, van Essen, T, Van Hecke, W, van Heugten, C, Van Praag, D, van Veen, E, van Wijk, R, Vande Vyvere, T, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Volovici, V, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Wang, K, Whitehouse, D, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Younsi, A, Zeiler, F, Zelinkova, V, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, Ntikas, Michail, Stewart, William, Ietswaart, Magdalena, Hunter, Angus M., Maas, Andrew I. R., Menon, David K., Wilson, Lindsay, Ackerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark Steven, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Della Corte, Francesco, den Boogert, Hugo, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubović, Jagoš, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Maréchal, Hugues, Martino, Costanza, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menovsky, Tomas, Mikolic, Ana, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Nair, Nandesh, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Otesile, Olubukola, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Pisica, Dana, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Rădoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Retel Helmrich, Isabel, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Singh, Ranjit D., Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Stocchetti, Nino, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Te Ao, Braden, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Thibaut, Aurore, Tibboel, Dick, Timmers, Marjolijn, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Unterberg, Andreas, Vajkoczy, Peter, Valeinis, Egils, Vallance, Shirley, Vámos, Zoltán, van der Jagt, Mathieu, van der Naalt, Joukje, Van der Steen, Gregory, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Erp, Inge A., van Essen, Thomas A., Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, van Veen, Ernest, van Wijk, Roel P. J., Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Volovici, Victor, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Peter, Wang, Kevin K. W., Whitehouse, Daniel, Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Younsi, Alexander, Zeiler, Frederick A., Zelinkova, Veronika, Ziverte, Agate, Zoerle, Tommaso, Ntikas, M, Stewart, W, Ietswaart, M, Hunter, A, Maas, A, Menon, D, Wilson, L, Ackerlund, C, Amrein, K, Andelic, N, Andreassen, L, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Audibert, G, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Bartels, R, Barzó, P, Beauvais, R, Beer, R, Bellander, B, Belli, A, Benali, H, Berardino, M, Beretta, L, Blaabjerg, M, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Brinck, V, Brooker, J, Brorsson, C, Buki, A, Bullinger, M, Cabeleira, M, Caccioppola, A, Calappi, E, Calvi, M, Cameron, P, Carbayo Lozano, G, Carbonara, M, Castaño-León, A, Cavallo, S, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Citerio, G, Clusmann, H, Coburn, M, Coles, J, Cooper, J, Correia, M, Čović, A, Curry, N, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Dark, P, Dawes, H, De Keyser, V, Degos, V, Della Corte, F, den Boogert, H, Depreitere, B, Đilvesi, Đ, Dixit, A, Donoghue, E, Dreier, J, Dulière, G, Ercole, A, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feigin, V, Foks, K, Frisvold, S, Furmanov, A, Gagliardo, P, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Gao, G, George, P, Ghuysen, A, Giga, L, Glocker, B, Golubović, J, Gomez, P, Gratz, J, Gravesteijn, B, Grossi, F, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Haagsma, J, Haitsma, I, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Horton, L, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Jankowski, S, Jarrett, M, Jiang, J, Johnson, F, Jones, K, Karan, M, Kolias, A, Kompanje, E, Kondziella, D, Kornaropoulos, E, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kowark, A, Lagares, A, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Ledoux, D, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Lejeune, A, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manara, A, Manley, G, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Mattern, J, Mcmahon, C, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Mikolic, A, Misset, B, Muraleedharan, V, Murray, L, Nair, N, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Newcombe, V, Nieboer, D, Nyirádi, J, Oresic, M, Ortolano, F, Otesile, O, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Payen, J, Perera, N, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Peul, W, Piippo-Karjalainen, A, Pirinen, M, Pisica, D, Ples, H, Polinder, S, Pomposo, I, Posti, J, Puybasset, L, Rădoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Rambadagalla, M, Retel Helmrich, I, Rhodes, J, Richardson, S, Richter, S, Ripatti, S, Rocka, S, Roe, C, Roise, O, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossaint, R, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, Rusnák, M, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Sanchez-Porras, R, Sandor, J, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schoechl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Schwendenwein, E, Singh, R, Sewalt, C, Skandsen, T, Smielewski, P, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stanworth, S, Stevens, R, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Sundström, N, Takala, R, Tamás, V, Tamosuitis, T, Taylor, M, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, M, Thibaut, A, Tibboel, D, Timmers, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Tudora, C, Unterberg, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, van der Jagt, M, van der Naalt, J, Van der Steen, G, van Dijck, J, van Erp, I, van Essen, T, Van Hecke, W, van Heugten, C, Van Praag, D, van Veen, E, van Wijk, R, Vande Vyvere, T, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Velt, K, Verheyden, J, Vespa, P, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Volovici, V, von Steinbüchel, N, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Wang, K, Whitehouse, D, Wiegers, E, Williams, G, Winzeck, S, Wolf, S, Yang, Z, Ylén, P, Younsi, A, Zeiler, F, Zelinkova, V, Ziverte, A, Zoerle, T, Ntikas, Michail, Stewart, William, Ietswaart, Magdalena, Hunter, Angus M., Maas, Andrew I. R., Menon, David K., Wilson, Lindsay, Ackerlund, Cecilia, Amrein, Krisztina, Andelic, Nada, Andreassen, Lasse, Anke, Audny, Antoni, Anna, Audibert, Gérard, Azouvi, Philippe, Azzolini, Maria Luisa, Bartels, Ronald, Barzó, Pál, Beauvais, Romuald, Beer, Ronny, Bellander, Bo-Michael, Belli, Antonio, Benali, Habib, Berardino, Maurizio, Beretta, Luigi, Blaabjerg, Morten, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brinck, Vibeke, Brooker, Joanne, Brorsson, Camilla, Buki, Andras, Bullinger, Monika, Cabeleira, Manuel, Caccioppola, Alessio, Calappi, Emiliana, Calvi, Maria Rosa, Cameron, Peter, Carbayo Lozano, Guillermo, Carbonara, Marco, Castaño-León, Ana M., Cavallo, Simona, Chevallard, Giorgio, Chieregato, Arturo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clusmann, Hans, Coburn, Mark Steven, Coles, Jonathan, Cooper, Jamie D., Correia, Marta, Čović, Amra, Curry, Nicola, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Dark, Paul, Dawes, Helen, De Keyser, Véronique, Degos, Vincent, Della Corte, Francesco, den Boogert, Hugo, Depreitere, Bart, Đilvesi, Đula, Dixit, Abhishek, Donoghue, Emma, Dreier, Jens, Dulière, Guy-Loup, Ercole, Ari, Esser, Patrick, Ezer, Erzsébet, Fabricius, Martin, Feigin, Valery L., Foks, Kelly, Frisvold, Shirin, Furmanov, Alex, Gagliardo, Pablo, Galanaud, Damien, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, George, Pradeep, Ghuysen, Alexandre, Giga, Lelde, Glocker, Ben, Golubović, Jagoš, Gomez, Pedro A., Gratz, Johannes, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Grossi, Francesca, Gruen, Russell L., Gupta, Deepak, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haitsma, Iain, Helbok, Raimund, Helseth, Eirik, Horton, Lindsay, Huijben, Jilske, Hutchinson, Peter J., Jacobs, Bram, Jankowski, Stefan, Jarrett, Mike, Jiang, Ji-yao, Johnson, Faye, Jones, Kelly, Karan, Mladen, Kolias, Angelos G., Kompanje, Erwin, Kondziella, Daniel, Kornaropoulos, Evgenios, Koskinen, Lars-Owe, Kovács, Noémi, Kowark, Ana, Lagares, Alfonso, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Ledoux, Didier, Lefering, Rolf, Legrand, Valerie, Lejeune, Aurelie, Levi, Leon, Lightfoot, Roger, Lingsma, Hester, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manara, Alex, Manley, Geoffrey, Maréchal, Hugues, Martino, Costanza, Mattern, Julia, McMahon, Catherine, Melegh, Béla, Menovsky, Tomas, Mikolic, Ana, Misset, Benoit, Muraleedharan, Visakh, Murray, Lynnette, Nair, Nandesh, Negru, Ancuta, Nelson, David, Newcombe, Virginia, Nieboer, Daan, Nyirádi, József, Oresic, Matej, Ortolano, Fabrizio, Otesile, Olubukola, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M., Payen, Jean-François, Perera, Natascha, Perlbarg, Vincent, Persona, Paolo, Peul, Wilco, Piippo-Karjalainen, Anna, Pirinen, Matti, Pisica, Dana, Ples, Horia, Polinder, Suzanne, Pomposo, Inigo, Posti, Jussi P., Puybasset, Louis, Rădoi, Andreea, Ragauskas, Arminas, Raj, Rahul, Rambadagalla, Malinka, Retel Helmrich, Isabel, Rhodes, Jonathan, Richardson, Sylvia, Richter, Sophie, Ripatti, Samuli, Rocka, Saulius, Roe, Cecilie, Roise, Olav, Rosand, Jonathan, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Rosenlund, Christina, Rosenthal, Guy, Rossaint, Rolf, Rossi, Sandra, Rueckert, Daniel, Rusnák, Martin, Sahuquillo, Juan, Sakowitz, Oliver, Sanchez-Porras, Renan, Sandor, Janos, Schäfer, Nadine, Schmidt, Silke, Schoechl, Herbert, Schoonman, Guus, Schou, Rico Frederik, Schwendenwein, Elisabeth, Singh, Ranjit D., Sewalt, Charlie, Skandsen, Toril, Smielewski, Peter, Sorinola, Abayomi, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Stanworth, Simon, Stevens, Robert, Steyerberg, Ewout W., Stocchetti, Nino, Sundström, Nina, Takala, Riikka, Tamás, Viktória, Tamosuitis, Tomas, Taylor, Mark Steven, Te Ao, Braden, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Matt, Thibaut, Aurore, Tibboel, Dick, Timmers, Marjolijn, Tolias, Christos, Trapani, Tony, Tudora, Cristina Maria, Unterberg, Andreas, Vajkoczy, Peter, Valeinis, Egils, Vallance, Shirley, Vámos, Zoltán, van der Jagt, Mathieu, van der Naalt, Joukje, Van der Steen, Gregory, van Dijck, Jeroen T. J. M., van Erp, Inge A., van Essen, Thomas A., Van Hecke, Wim, van Heugten, Caroline, Van Praag, Dominique, van Veen, Ernest, van Wijk, Roel P. J., Vande Vyvere, Thijs, Vargiolu, Alessia, Vega, Emmanuel, Velt, Kimberley, Verheyden, Jan, Vespa, Paul M., Vik, Anne, Vilcinis, Rimantas, Volovici, Victor, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Voormolen, Daphne, Vulekovic, Peter, Wang, Kevin K. W., Whitehouse, Daniel, Wiegers, Eveline, Williams, Guy, Winzeck, Stefan, Wolf, Stefan, Yang, Zhihui, Ylén, Peter, Younsi, Alexander, Zeiler, Frederick A., Zelinkova, Veronika, Ziverte, Agate, and Zoerle, Tommaso
- Abstract
Importance: Exposure to traumatic brain injury (TBI) has raised widespread concern over participation in sports, particularly over possible long-term consequences. However, little is known about the outcomes of individuals presenting to hospitals with sports-related TBI. Objective: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of individuals presenting to hospitals with sports-related and non-sports-related TBI. Design, setting, and participants: The CENTER-TBI (Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI) observational cohort study was conducted at hospitals in 18 countries. The study enrolled 4509 patients who had TBI and had an indication for computed tomography (CT), of whom 4360 were 16 years or older. Outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months, and groups were compared using regression analyses adjusting for clinical and demographic differences. Data were collected between December 9, 2014, and December 17, 2017, and analyzed from August 2022 to March 2023. Exposure: Sports-related and non-sports-related TBI with subgroups selected by severity of injury. Main outcomes and measures: The main outcome was the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at 6 months, with secondary outcomes covering postconcussion symptoms, health-related quality of life, and mental health. Results: A total of 4360 patients were studied, including 256 (6%) with sports-related TBI (mean [SD] age, 38.9 [18.1] years; 161 [63%] male) and 4104 with non-sports-related TBI (mean [SD] age, 51.0 [20.2] years; 2773 [68%] male). Compared with patients with non-sports-related TBI, patients with sports-related TBI were younger, more likely to have tertiary education, more likely to be previously healthy, and less likely to have a major extracranial injury. After adjustment, the groups did not differ in incomplete recovery (GOSE scores <8) at 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 0.90-1.78; P = .22 for all patients; OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.83-1.73; P = .34 for those with mild TBI; a
- Published
- 2024