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Purpose: To investigate which type, frequency, duration, intensity, and volume of chronic exercise might more strongly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines in human and animal models with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Design: A systematic review. Data source: English-language search of 13 electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Sport Discus, Scopus, Cochrane, Psych Net, Springer, ScienceDirect, Pascal & Francis, Sage journals, Pedro, Google Scholar, and Sage. Inclusion criteria: (i) human and animal studies that included exercise, physical activity, or fitness training as an experimental intervention, (ii) studies that addressed MCI, dementia, or AD, (iii) studies that focused on measuring cytokines and/or other inflammatory and/or neuroinflammatory immune markers, (iii) studies that examined inflammatory indicators in blood, CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid), and brain tissue. Results: Of the 1290 human and animal studies found, 38 were included for qualitative analysis, 11 human articles, 25 animal articles, and two articles addressing both human and animal protocols. In the animal model, physical exercise decreased pro-inflammatory markers in 70.8 % of the articles and anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL -4, IL -10, IL-4β, IL -10β, and TGF-β in 26 % of articles. Treadmill running, resistance exercise, and swimming exercise reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the human model, 53.9 % of items reduced pro-inflammatory proteins and 23 % increased anti-inflammatory proteins. Cycling exercise, multimodal, and resistance training effectively decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: In rodent animal models with AD phenotype, treadmill, swimming, and resistance training remain good interventions that can delay various mechanisms of dementia progression. In the human model, aerobic, multimodal, and resistance training are beneficial in both MCI and AD. Multimodal training of moderate to high intensity multimodal exercise is effective for MCI. Voluntary cycling training, moderate- or high-intensity aerobic exercise is effective in mild AD patients.

Modelling is an important part in the world of both professional and amateur photography, with a multidimensional activity at the intersection of art creation and several sociological and psychological aspects. Since the 2000s, many online tools appeared from specifically art-oriented portfolios to subscription platforms, through social networks. Models can reach a diverse audience, either people implied in photography, followers and paying subscribers. A dataset of more than 600 French-speaking models enabled an exploration of how models use and combine these tools depending on criteria such as age, nude availability and sex/gender. It was possible to draw different photo models communication profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of lighting in the performance of an operator manipulating objects using a telemanipulator and viewing the task via a television screen is studied. Object recognition and localization were compared under different light patterns. Homogeneous lighting made only a small improvement in object recognition and localization of objects was poor. Grid pattern lighting showed good results for all criteria with the best performance coming from the projection of two grid patterns from perpendicular directions.

The article sheds light on the French Labour Law, with particular focus on the prohibition of detachment labour or temporary work assignment hiring. It informs that the procedures for making such labour services simultaneously available with other measures grouped under the general principles of sub-contracting, wherein a business enterprise out-sources services to another contractor for the partial completion of a task for which the former is liable.

Background Heart failure (HF) symptoms, related to pulmonary capillary hypertension, are frequent in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the consequence of left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure elevation and/or functional mitral regurgitation. We aimed to evaluate determinants and prognostic significance of rest and exercise in HCM. Methods and results We included 235 patients referred for clinical work-up of HCM. Rest pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was measurable in 214 (91%) patients (48±16 years, 161 males). A symptom-limited semi-supine bicycle exercise was carried out in 188 patients. PASP was measurable during exercise in 108 patients (57%). Resting PH (≥36mmHg) was present in 56 patients (26.2%) and exercise PH (≥60mmHg) in 38 patients (35.2%). Mutivariate correlates of rest PASP were sinus rhythm (β=–0.15, P=0.021), LV obstruction tract (LVOT) peak gradient (β=0.22, P=0.001) and left atrial volume (β=0.39, P<0.0001). Multivariate resting correlates of exercise PASP were PASP (β=0.28, p=0.001) and mitral regurgitation (MR) grade (β=0.48, P<0.0001). LVOT peak gradient emerged as an independent correlate of exercise PASP when MR was excluded. Patients with rest PH had a worse event-free survival at 4 years (24.8±8.8 vs 66.2±5.2%, P<0.0001), survival without HF (55.6±10.5 vs 81.8±4.3%, P=0.005), and overall survival (84.2±7.1 vs 97.1±1.7%, P=0.001). Patients with exercise PH had also a worse event-free survival (47.7±9.5 vs 65.7±7.5%, P=0.007) and a worse survival without HF (64.1±9.4 vs 83.4±5.5%, P=0.016). By contrast, there was no difference regarding overall survival (p=0.49). Conclusion In patients with HCM, the main determinants of rest PH are sinus rhythm, LVOT peak gradient and left atrium volume. Determinants of exercise PH are rest PASP, grade of MR and rest LVOT gradient. Rest and exercise PH predict a poor outcome in HCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Heart failure (HF) symptoms, related to pulmonary capillary hypertension, are frequent in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the consequence of left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure elevation and/or functional mitral regurgitation. We aimed to evaluate determinants and prognostic significance of rest and exercise PH in HCM. Methods and Results We included 235 patients referred for clinical work-up of HCM. Rest pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was measurable in 214 (91%) patients (48±16 years, 161 males). A symptom-limited semi-supine bicycle exercise was carried out in 188 patients. PASP was measurable during exercise in 108 patients (57%). Resting PH (≥36mm Hg) was present in 56 patients (26.2%) and exercise PH (≥60mm Hg) in 38 patients (35.2%). Mutivariate correlates of rest PASP were sinus rhythm (β= –0.15, P=0.021), LV obstruction tract (LVOT) peak gradient (β= 0.22, P=0.001) and left atrial volume (β= 0.39, P<0.0001). Multivariate resting correlates of exercise PASP were PASP (β=0.28, p=0.001) and mitral regurgitation (MR) grade (β=0.48, P<0.0001). LVOT peak gradient emerged as an independent correlate of exercise PASP when MR was excluded. Patients with rest PH had a worse event-free survival at 4 years (24.8 ± 8.8 vs 66.2 ± 5.2%, P < 0.0001), survival without HF (55.6 ± 10.5 vs 81.8 ± 4.3%, P = 0.005), and overall survival (84.2 ± 7.1 vs 97.1 ± 1.7%, P = 0.001). Patients with exercise PH had also a worse event-free survival (47.7 ± 9.5 vs 65.7 ± 7.5%, P = 0.007) and a worse survival without HF (64.1 ± 9.4 vs 83.4 ± 5.5%, P = 0.016). By contrast, there was no difference regarding overall survival (p = 0.49). Conclusion In patients with HCM, the main determinants of rest PH are sinus rhythm, LVOT peak gradient and left atrium volume. Determinants of exercise PH are rest PASP, grade of MR and rest LVOT gradient. Rest and exercise PH predict a poor outcome in HCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]