Search

Lathyrus species are economically important as food, fodder, and folk medicine. The antioxidant properties (radical scavenging effectiveness, reducing power potentials, metal chelating ability, phosphomolydenum capacity) phytochemical characterization (phenolic composition), and enzyme inhibition abilities of the water and ethyl acetate extracts of Lathyrus czeczottianus (LC) were tested. The phenolic ingradients of LC extracts were evaluated by HPLC-DAD (High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector). Chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and benzoic acid were found as main phenolic compounds in both extracts. Generally, the water extract revealed strong antioxidant potential. The antioxidant effectiveness could be explained by high total phenolic level in the extract. Regarding enzyme inhibitory results, the ethyl acetate extract indicated good inhibitory activities on cholinesterase (for AChE: Acetylccholinesterase 1.15 mg galathamine equivalents (GALAE/g extract) and for BChE: Butyrylcholinesterase 0.19 mg GALAE/g extrac), tyrosinase (54.48 mg kojic acid equivalents (KAE/g)), and alpha-amylase (0.34 mmol acarbose equivalents (ACEs/g)), while the water extract had just good inhibition on alpha-glucosidase (6.49 mmol ACEs/g). In conclusion, L. czeczottianus could be good valuable of bioactive molecules for pharmaceuticals, food and agriculture, and nutraceutical applications. (C) 2020 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The impact of two extraction solvents on the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and enzymes inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of two parts (leaves and stem bark) of P. kotschyi was studied. Two different LC-DAD-MSn approaches were used to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds in the different extracts. A total of thirty-two compounds were quantified, being the procyanidin the most abundant in stem bark while catechin and flavonoids are most abundant in leaves. Overall, the stem bark extraction using methanol showed higher amounts of total phenolic (131.83 ± 1.81 mg GAE/g) and flavanol (14.14 ± 0.11 mg CE/g) while the leaves extraction using water exhibited stronger levels of total flavonoid (44.95 ± 0.38 mg RE/g) and phenolic acid (63.58 ± 2.00 mg CAE/g). As regards the antioxidant assays, methanol stem bark extracts were characterized by the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH: 1.94 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g, ABTS: 3.31 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g, FRAP: 2.86 ± 0.02 mmol TE/g, CUPRAC: 5.09 ± 0.08 mmol TE/g, phosphomolybdenum: 5.16 ± 0.23 mmol TE/g and metal chelating: 17.12 ± 0.46 mg EDTAE/g). In addition, the methanolic extracts of stem bark had highest impact on acetylcholinesterase (2.54 mg GALAE/g), butyrylcholinesterase (5.48 mg GALAE/g). In contrast, the methanolic extracts of leaves was potent against tyrosinase (77.39 ± 0.21 mg KAE/g) and α-glucosidase (0.97 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g), while a higher anti-α–amylase (0.97 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g) was observed for water extracts of the same part. All of the tested extracts showed inhibitory effects on elastase, except methanolic leaves extracts. Additionally, the extracts exhibited appreciable antifungal toward A. ochraceus, A. fumigatus, P. ochrochloron, T. viride, and P. funiculosum and promising antibacterial activity against M. flavus, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and S. typhimurium. Taken together, the outcomes demonstrated P. kotschyi as a novel source of bioactive molecules of interest with an evident therapeutic value.

This study was geared towards assessing the possible antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities of ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Sideritis ozturkii Aytac & Aksoy. The phytochemical profiles of the studied extracts were characterised by HPLC-MS/MS. The methanol extract, rich in phenolics (78.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities. However, the ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract in the enzyme inhibitory assays. The water extract of S. ozturkii (1 mg/ml, 48 h incubation) slightly inhibited (22%) growth of human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231 cells). On the other hand, the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed strong inhibition (98% and 97%, respectively) of MDA-MB-231 cells and caused apoptotic cell death. Scientific data generated from this study further appraises the multiple biological activities of plants belonging to the Sideritis genus. In addition, preliminary evidence gathered from the current investigation advocates for further studies geared towards the preparation of therapeutic formulations from S. ozturkii.

The article reports the chemical composition, antioxidant, six key enzymes inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of two solvent extracts (water and methanol) of leaves and stem bark of Uapaca togoensis. For chemical composition, methanol extract of stem bark exhibited significant higher total phenolic (129.86 mg GAE/g) and flavanol (10.44 mg CE/g) contents. Methanol extract of leaves and water extract of stem bark showed high flavonoids (20.94 mg RE/g) and phenolic acid (90.40 mg CAE/g) content, respectively. In addition, HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis revealed that U. togoensis was rich in procyanidins. The methanol and water extracts of stem bark had overall superior antioxidant activity; however, only methanol extract of stem bark showed higher inhibition of cholinesterase (AChE: 2.57 mg GALAE/g; BChE: 4.69 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (69.53 mg KAE/g) and elastase (2.73 mmol CE/g). Potent metal chelating ability was showed by water extract of leaves (18.94 mg EDTAE/g), higher inhibition of amylase was detected for water extracts of leaves (0.94 mmol ACAE/g) and stem bark (0.92 mmol ACAE/g). The tested extracts have shown wide-spectrum antibacterial properties and these effects have shown to be more effective against Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium funiculosum, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results revealed that the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial activities depended on the extraction solvents and the parts of plant. Bioinformatics analysis on the 17 major compounds showed modulation of pathway associated with cancer. In brief, U. togoensis might be valuable as potential source of natural agents for therapeutic application.

The methanolic and water extracts of Carapa procera leaves and stem barks were screened for their phytochemical content using a multi-technique approach. The extracts were also assessed for their in vitro antioxidant capacity along with their anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase), anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase and anti-cholinesterase (AChE, BChE) activities. Furthermore, antibacterial and antifungal effects were determined against several bacterial and fungal strains. Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent components (DIABLO) integrative analysis was conducted on collected data to determine the influence of extraction solvents and plant parts on phytochemical content, antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory properties of C. procera samples. Additionally, the major identified compounds were screened as modulators of multiple pathways involved in human diseases via Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Results showed that methanolic stem bark extract exhibited the most potent ABTS scavenging, Cu

Nepeta baytopii is a poorly studied, endemic Nepeta species (Lamiaceae) of Turkey. For the first time, the biological activities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity properties) of the hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water/methanol, and water extracts and essential oil prepared from N. baytopii aerial parts were assessed. Hydro-methanol (41.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and water extracts (50.30 mg GAE/g), respectively showed the highest radical scavenging (94.40 and 129.22 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging assays) and reducing (229.37 and 129.55 mg TE/g, for ferric-reducing antioxidant power and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity assays) capacities in vitro. An interestingly high inhibition was observed for ethyl acetate extract against butyrylcholinesterase (10.85 mg galantamine equivalent/g). The methanol extract showed high cytotoxicity (31.7%) against HepG2 cells. Caryophyllene oxide was identified in high concentrations in the essential oil (39.3%). Luteolin and apigenin and their derivatives were identified from the methanol and water extracts. The results obtained from this study highlighted that the abundance of highly bioactive compounds from Nepeta baytopii ensures the multiple biological activities of the tested extracts, and this suggests a potential use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, and therefore should be investigated further. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In this study, monofloral honeys (chaste, thyme, citrus, and heather) which were obtained from different sources from members of Beekeeping Associations in South-West Anatolia were studied for their antioxidant capacity, total phenolic amounts, total flavonoid amounts, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and urease inhibition activities. Antioxidant capacity of honey samples was determined by β-carotene, DPPH, ABTS+ and CUPRAC activity methods. In honey samples, the highest antioxidant activity was found in citrus honey with β-carotene/Linoleic acid color opening with IC50: 7.99 mg/mL, and DPPH free radical removal activity with IC50: 5.28 mg/mL in thyme honey. In CUPRAC activity, it was determined that the highest activity was found in heather honey with IC50: 1.69 mg/mL, in terms of ABTS+ removal activity IC50: 2.80 mg/mL in chaste honey, and metal chelating activity IC50: 1.56 mg/mL in thyme honey. The total phenolic and flavonoids amounts of honeys ranged from 2.31 and 27.15 (μg PEs/mg) to 4.95 and 25.24 (μg QEs/mg), respectively. In addition, AChE inhibition IC50: 24.25 mg/mL in thyme honey, BChE inhibition IC50: 27.93 mg/mL in thyme honey, and urease inhibition IC50: 34.89 mg/mL with citrus honey were determined concerning the highest activity, consecutively. © 2021 International Journal of Secondary Metabolite.

The methanolic and water extracts of Carapa procera leaves and stem barks were screened for their phytochemical content using a multi-technique approach. The extracts were also assessed for their in vitro antioxidant capacity along with their anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase), anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase and anti-cholinesterase (AChE, BChE) activities. Furthermore, antibacterial and antifungal effects were determined against several bacterial and fungal strains. Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent components (DIABLO) integrative analysis was conducted on collected data to determine the influence of extraction solvents and plant parts on phytochemical content, antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory properties of C. procera samples. Additionally, the major identified compounds were screened as modulators of multiple pathways involved in human diseases via Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Results showed that methanolic stem bark extract exhibited the most potent ABTS scavenging, Cu2+ and Fe3+ reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and Fe2+ chelating power and displayed the highest total flavanol content. Methanolic extracts of leaves and stem barks were abounded with phenolics and had the greatest anti-AChE, anti-BChE, anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities. A significant antifungal activity was observed, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal values of 0.07 and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. DIABLO integrative analysis suggested that the phytochemical content and biological activities varied significantly within the plant parts and were influenced by types of solvent used. GO enrichment analysis on the main bioactive compounds showed modulation of multiple pathways associated with cancer. Obtained results demonstrated that stem bark and leaves of C. procera can be considered as promising sources of bioactive molecules with high pharmacological values.

In this paper, the methanol and water extracts of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. leaves and stem bark parts were considered as the source of bioactive constituents; thus, chemical analysis and bioactivity assays were performed. UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS analysis allowed the identification of phytoconstituents in the various extracts, including 19 phenolic acids, 27 flavonoids, 20 tannins and 4 iridoids. The methanol extract of stem bark presented a higher antioxidant activity (DPPH: 3.04 mmol TE g−1; ABTS: 4.72 mmol TE g−1; CUPRAC: 3.61 mmol TE g−1 and FRAP: 1.64 mmol TE g−1) compared with other extracts. The highest inhibitory effects (AChE: 2.56 mg GALAE g−1; tyrosinase: 76.25 mg KAE g−1; amylase: 0.71 mmol ACAE g−1; glucosidase: 0.98 mmol ACAE g−1 and elastase: 2.64 mg CE g−1) were also recorded by the methanol extract of stem bark. The bacteriostatic (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) effects of the extracts obtained from different plant parts and using different solvents were evaluated using clinically relevant microorganisms and the measured values were in the range of the activity measured for the reference compounds streptomycin and ampicillin. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the potential toxicity of the identified compounds as well as potential targets of bioactivity. Five of the major compounds, erythrin, gardenoside, phlorizin, sesamoside and veracylglucan B, were identified as possible modulators of necroptosis pathways. Besides, particular attention must be paid to some identified compounds (i.e. icariin, isomyricitrin, methylmyricetin rhamnoside-gallate, rhapontin, silybin, xyloccensin R, vanilloylajugol) because of their probable immunotoxicity predicted properties. Our results could provide a great scientific starting point on the way from the bench to functional applications through the use of P. reticulatus, namely novel nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.

The pharmacological properties of Asphodelus species have been advocated previously. In this respect, the present study attempts to unravel the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of root extracts of two Asphodelus species, namely, A. albus and A. aestivus. Data gathered demonstrated that the dichloromethane (25.49, 51.30, 104.31, and 81.58 mg Trolox equivalents [TEs]/g, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS], cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC], and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP] assays respectively) and ethyl acetate (20.60, 41.86, 89.07, and 57.85 mg TEs/g, for DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays respectively) extracts of A. albus roots showed highest radical scavenging and reducing potential. These findings were in accordance with total phenolic content observed which showed the highest phenolic content of A. albus dichloromethane (30.74 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAEs]/g) and ethyl acetate (23.41 mg GAEs/g) extracts. Interestingly, A. albus and A. aestivus root extracts were active inhibitors of tyrosinase and lipase, with values varying from 56.52 to 71.49 mg kojic acid equivalent/g and 34.88 to 86.32 mg orlistat equivalent/g, respectively. Flavonoids, anthraquinones, and phenolic acids were identified as main individual compounds in chemical profile analysis. This is the first report of the presence of aloin A, aloin B, and aloesin in species other than in Aloe. Scientific evidences gathered from this study claimed the biological activity of the studied Asphodelus species and provided rationale for further investigations which might lead to the development of novel pharmacophores to alleviate oxidative stress related complications, obesity, as well as, skin hyperpigmentation complications.

The present study outlines the phenolic composition and pharmacological properties of different extracts of Digitalis cariensis Boiss. ex Jaub. & Spach root and aerial parts. The metabolic profiles of the studied extracts were characterized by UHPLC-MS. The in vitro antioxidant and enzyme (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase) inhibitory potential of the extracts were determined. Bioinformatics and docking investigations were also conducted to support the enzyme inhibition test and predict putative targets for potential pharmacological applications. Overall, the methanolic extract followed by the water extract of the D. cariensis root were found to be superior source of antioxidant compounds except for metal chelating ability, in which the water extract of the root (26.34 +/- 1.54 mg EDTAE/g) and aerial parts (16.47 +/- 0.88 mg EDTAE/g) have showed the highest activity. The tested extracts were potent against AChE (9.11 +/- 0.279.79 +/- 0.28 mg GEs/g extract), alpha-amylase (0.12 +/- 0.01- 0.50 +/- 0.01 mmol ACEs/g extract) and alpha-glucosidase (0.28 +/- 0.0117.29 +/- 0.24 mmol ACEs/g extract). Notable activity against tyrosinase was displayed by the methanolic extracts (Root-MeOH: 123.71 +/- 2.70 and aerial parts - MeOH: 137.96 +/- 1.07 mg KAE/g extract), while none of the extracts were potent against BChE. According to docking investigations, the observed anti-tyrosinase effect could be related, at least partially, to the presence of luteolin, rosmarinic acid and kaempferol in the extracts. Results amassed herein is the first report on the biological attributes of D. cariensis, which validate the pharmacological uses of this plant. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Brassicaceae is one of the most popular family of vegetables consumed worldwide. Owing to their wide range of phenolic compounds, the attention of researchers has shifted towards their pharmacological exploitation. This study investigates into the antioxidant properties of three solvent extracts (acetone, methanol, and aqueous) of C. draba and D. sophia using six assays including DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and β-carotene/linoleic acid inhibition. Spectrophotometric and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) techniques were used to determine the total and individual phytocompounds, respectively. Results showed that among the C. draba extracts, the methanolic one displayed the highest antioxidant activities in CUPRAC, FRAP, and phosphomolybdenum assays while the aqueous extract exerted the strongest DPPH and ABTS scavenging, and β-carotene inhibition. As for D. sophia extracts, the acetone extract displayed the highest activity in CUPRAC and phosphomolybdenum assays; the methanol extract was the most effective DPPH scavenger while the aqueous extract showed the highest ABTS scavenging and ferric reducing power, and β-carotene inhibitory effect. Total phenolic content was highest in the acetone extract of C. draba, while the methanolic extract of D. sophia showed the highest total flavonoid content. The most abundant compounds in C. draba extract were verbascoside and chlorogenic acid, while hesperidin and hyperoside were most abundant in the extract of D. sophia. The present findings revealed that both species had potent antioxidant properties and could be utilized as new natural antioxidants for therapeutic purposes.

Natural products are gaining much momentum worldwide because they have a broad spectrum of biological effects and present excellent opportunities for bioproducts development. With this fact, this study has been designed to investigate for the first time the effects of the ethyl acetate (EA), methanolic (MeOH), and water (W) extracts of Lotus aegaeus (La) and Iberis sempervirens (Is) on key enzymes as well as to quantify antioxidant capacities. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using colorimetric methods and the individual phenolic compounds were assessed by LC–MS/MS analysis. Quercetin hexoside was the dominant compound in L. aegaeus, particularly in methanol extract, while the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of I. sempervirens were characterized by the presence scopoletin and hinic acid. The antioxidant abilities of the investigated extracts were tested using different assays including free radical scavenging, reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating. All the extracts showed strong antioxidant abilities. For both species, the ethyl acetate extracts were more potent against cholinesterases and α-amylase, while the methanol extracts were most active against α-glucosidase. Only the water extract, followed by methanol of I. sempervirens exhibited notable inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. In addition, the dominant compounds were docked against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase to investigate their predicted binding affinity and interactions with the active site. In conclusion, L. aegaeus and I. sempervirens showed potent biological attributes, which advocates for further studies to explore their potential use as phytopharmaceuticals.

Ajuga orientalis L. and Arnebia densiflora (Nordm.) Ledeb. are plants traditionally used in Turkish ethnomedicine to manage common ailments. Nonetheless, there is currently a dearth of investigations geared towards highlighting the inhibitory properties of A. orientalis and A. densiflora against key carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), tyrosinase, and cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) involved in diabetes, post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and neurodegenerative diseases, respectively. We aimed to shed light on the antioxidant potential and various enzymatic inhibitory properties of tested methanolic extracts of these plants. In vitro antioxidant activity, DNA protective effects, antimicrobial activity (against 8 bacteria, 10 fungal strains and 1 yeast), as well as phenolic compounds determination and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis were performed. 17 phenolic components were quantified in tested extracts. Major phenolic compounds present in A. orientalis extract were chlorogenic acid, benzoic acid, and luteolin. A. densiflora extract revealed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin. A. densiflora showed a stronger antioxidant capacity, higher total phenolic (33.72 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid contents (55.93 mgRE/g), as well as protection of DNA against hydroxyl radical compared to A. orientalis extract. The tested extracts showed similar antimicrobial activity with low effect against the bacterial and fungal strains. The tested extracts showed a slightly higher potential to inhibit tyrosinase activity, while inhibition of the activity of the other examined enzymes by the extracts was weak. The observed biological activities and presence of bioactive phytochemicals can open new perspectives to develop novel dietetic supplements.

Extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) from Dianthus calocephalus Boiss. prepared by different extraction techniques (maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasonication) were studied for possible inhibitory action against key enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetyl cholinesterase, butyryl cholinesterase, and tyrosinase). Antioxidant potential was established using a battery of assays and phenolic compounds profiled by RP-HPLC. Binding pose of tyrosinase with rutin was studied by means of molecular docking. Methanol extracts showed the highest phenolic (39.35–40.25 mgGAE/g) content and rich in rutin (61.38–72.07 mg/g extract). Ethyl acetate extracts of D. calocephalus were potent inhibitors of acetyl (1.45–1.48 mgGALAE/g) and butyryl (2.44–2.74 mgGALAE/g) cholinesterases. Docking studies showed that rutin interacts with the side chains of the key amino acid residues and to the copper atom found at the active site of tyrosinase. Methanol extracts showed highest antioxidant capacity. D. calocephalus showed interesting biological properties that could be further studied to manage diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and hyperpigmentation.

This study gathers information about the effects of different extracts (methanol and water) from rhizomes and aerial parts of Iris schachtii on selected enzymes (cholinesterases, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, tyrosinase and lipase) as well as of their antioxidant capacities and antimutagenic properties in relation with their phenolic composition. The chemical composition was assessed by determining total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as individual phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD. Moreover, antioxidant abilities of the investigated extracts were tested by using different assays including free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating, overall rhizomes being indicated as a superior source of antioxidant compounds. HPLC analysis revealed the abundance of some phenolics including apigenin (2584 μg/g extract) and luteolin (2510 μg/g extract) in aerial parts extracts while rhizomes were rich in apigenin (4734 μg/g extract) and kaempferol (4214 μg/g extract). The methanolic extracts exhibited a high anti-lipase activity while all extracts presented a relatively high inhibition on α-glucosidase. Furthermore, interactions between dominant compounds from extracts and selected enzymes were investigated by molecular modeling studies in order to explain at a molecular level the interactions between selected compounds and active sites of the enzyme/s.

The genus Salvia has recently attracted great attention due to its notable biological activities. Within this context, in this study, the chemical characterization and biological effects of three extracts (dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH), and water) from three Salvia species (S. blepharochlaena (SB), S. euphratica var. leiocalycina (SE), and S. verticillata subsp. amasica (SV)) were assessed. For the chemical characterization, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic components in the methanol extracts was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-UV-ESI-MSn). Total phenolic, flavonoid and phenolic acid contents were also studied. Concerning the biological effects, antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging; ferric (FRAP) and cupric (CUPRAC) reducing power; phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays), enzyme inhibitory (cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase, lipase, and elastase) and cytotoxic effects (A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines) were evaluated. After the evaluation of the phytochemical profile by HPLC-UV-ESI-MSn, it was observed that the main compound in the analyzed extracts was rosmarinic acid, which was present at high concentrations, particularly in SV, which presented rosmarinic acid levels higher than the usual levels found in other Salvia species or related plants. Generally, the SV-water extract presented the strongest antioxidant abilities with higher levels of total bioactive compounds. However, the studied DCM extracts had higher enzyme inhibitory potentials compared with MeOH and water extracts. SE-DCM exerted the most potent cytotoxic effects, followed by SB-water and SB-MeOH extracts.

Introduction The traditional use of phyto remedies and natural products may indicate their pharmacological potential. Screening plant extracts to identify their active components has gained momentum with possible beneficial effects for public health. The aim of study was to assess and compare the biological properties of different extracts (methanolic, aqueous, and ethyl acetate) prepared from Acanthus hirsutus (AH), a traditionally used medicinal plant. Methods The phytochemical profile of AH was established via analysis of the total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as the condensed tannins and gallotannins present in plants collected in the Anatolian region of Turkey. Chemical profiles were confirmed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) method. Antioxidant potential were appraised through the analysis of their free radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity, and inhibition ability of lipid peroxidation. Any cytotoxicity activity of the extracts was assessed through the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against three different cancer cell lines. Results The HPLC/DAD profile revealed the presence of rutin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, and naringenin which were in significant abundance in the extracts. The aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant capacity with 284.33 ± 0.05 μg AAE/g extract, which correlated with the highest total condensed tannins, phenolics, and flavonoid contents (94.14 ± 0.16 mg GAE/g extract, 114.30 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g extract and 61.18 ± 0.43 mg RE/g extract, respectively). Different sensitivities were observed towards the different cell lines used, with the aqueous extract being the less cytotoxic. Conclusion AH proved to be a potent medicinal plant that can be further exploited as a complementary and alternative therapy for the management of oxidative stress related diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Achillea sipikorensis’in tohumlarının yağ asitbileşimi gaz kromatografisi ile incelenmiştir. A. sipikorensis tohumunun total lipid içeriği % 3.83’tür. Tohumyağında linoleik asit (C18:2 ɷ-6, % 64.60), oleik asit (C18:1 ɷ-9c, % 16.05) vepalmitik asit (C16:0, % 8.72) en büyük yüzdeyesahip olanlardır. ∑ɷ-6 formu yağ asitlerinin seviyesi (% 64.63), ∑ɷ-3 formu yağasitleri seviyesinden (% 1.42) daha yüksektir. ɷ-6/ɷ-3 yağ asitleri oranı45.51’dir. Bu sonuçlara göre A.sipikorensis tohumları doymamış yağ asitleri kaynağı olarak önerilebilir.Bu çalışma, Türkiye florasından A.sipikorensis’in tohum yağının yağ asit bileşeni üzerine yapılmış ilkdetaylı rapordur., The fatty acid compositions of the seeds of Achillea sipikorensis were investigated by gas chromatography (GC).The total lipid content of A.sipikorensis seed was found to be 3.83 %. Major fatty acids in seed oilwere linoleic acid (C18:2 ɷ-6, 64.60 %), oleic acid (C18:1 ɷ-9c, 16.05 %) andpalmitic acid (C16:0, 8.72 %). The level of ∑ɷ-6 series fatty acids (64.63 %)was higher than level of ∑ɷ-3 series fatty acids (1.42 %). ɷ-6/ɷ-3 fatty acidsratio was 45.51. According to these results, A. sipikorensis seeds can be recommended as a source of unsaturatedfatty acids. This study is the first detailed report on the fatty acidcomposition of A. sipikorensis seedoil from Turkey flora.

This study presents the effects of the Achillea phrygia Boiss. et Bal. and Bupleurum croceum Fenzl. extracts obtained by different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) on selected enzyme inhibitory effects and antioxidant ability with screening bioactive compounds. Total and individual bioactive compounds were detected by spectrophotometric and HPLC-DAD techniques. Antioxidant abilities were evaluated by different methods including free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested against cholinesterases, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase and lipase. Total phenolic contents were ranged from 20.52 mgGAE/g extract (B. croceum methanol extract) to 41.13 mgGAE/g extract (A. phrygia methanol extract). Generally, methanol and water extracts showed the strongest antioxidant abilities, while the ethyl acetate extracts had the most promising enzyme inhibitory effects. HPLC analysis revealed the abundance of some phenolics including rutin, quercetin, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid, respectively. These components were also assessed using molecular modelling with the aim to study their docking properties on a set of six enzymes used in this study. Overall, these species could be suggested as valuable sources of natural-bioactive agents for developing new functional, pharmacological and health promoting ingredients. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Introduction The search for new therapeutic agents for the management of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) and neurodegenerative disorders coupled with the rising number of patients suffering from these pathologies have attracted much interest. Traditionally, extracts from medicinal plants have been used to manage a number of ailments and still remain a potent source of new therapeutic agents. Methods Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme (acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), butyryl cholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) inhibitory potential of three medicinal plants (Cupressus sempervirens, Artemisia absinthium, and Lippia triphylla). The phenolic composition of the ethanolic extracts was also characterized using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In silico molecular docking was used to investigate the possible interaction between active compounds and the studied enzymes. Results C. sempervirens showed the highest inhibition rates against AChE, BChE, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase (2.47 mg galantamine equivalents (GALAE)/g extract, 2.98 mg GALAE/g extract, 1.61 mmol acarbose equivalents (ACAE)/g extract, and 1.86 mmol ACAE/g extract for respective enzymes). The plant extracts showed antioxidant power in the following order C. sempervirens > L. triphylla > A. absinthium. Protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, apigenin, and chlorogenic acid were identified in all the plant extracts. The best docking pose obtained for each bioactive compound against the enzymes was mostly stabilized via hydrogen bonds and pi–pi stacks. Conclusion This study provides insight into the antioxidant capacity and the inhibitory potential of these medicinal plants against key enzymes linked to DMT2 and neurodegenerative disorders.

In this study, Methanolic extracts of Euphorbia denticulata parts (flowers, leaf, stem, and mix of aerial parts) were assessed for a panoply of bioactivities. Inhibitory potential against key enzymes involved in diabetes (alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase), obesity (pancreatic lipase), neurodegenerative diseases (cholinesterases), and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase) was evaluated. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties were also assessed. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and phytochemical profile were established using HPLC/DAD and molecular modelling studies on specific target compounds were performed in silico. The flower extract was found to be rich in phenolics and flavonoids, (60.11 +/- 1.40 mgGAE/g and 42.04 +/- 0.16 mgRE/g respectively), which tend to correlate with the high radical scavenging activity of this extract (120.34 +/- 3.33 mgTE/g and 165.42 +/- 2.16 mgTE/g for DPPH and ABTS respectively). Catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, p-OH-Benzoic acid, rosmarinic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate, found in significant abundance in the extracts were assessed using molecular modelling with the aim to study their docking properties on a set of six enzymes used in this study. The extracts were moderately effective with MIC values ranging between 1.56 to 6.25 mg/ml, but potent growth inhibitors of MRSA strains. Results amassed herein can be used as a stimulus for further studies geared towards the development of novel phyto-pharmaceuticals. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000407431100016, In the present article, seven wheat cultivars (Ahmetaga, Bezostaya, Dagdas-94, Ekiz, Karahan-99, Konya-2002, and Tosunbey) grown in Turkey were compared for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Antioxidant capacities and enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated with colorimetric methods. Total phenolic content ranged from 40.71 to 86.34 mg of gallic acid equivalent/100 g wheat grain. Tosunbey (92 mg Trolox equivalent/100 g wheat grain) and Ahmetaga (114.56 mg Trolox equivalent/100 g wheat grain) cultivars exhibited strong 2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities. As compared to other wheat cultivars, Tosunbey cultivar had remarkable both antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects with the highest level of phenolics. Ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and apigenin were the major phenolics in extracts tested. This study suggested that an increased intake of wheat derived products could represent an effective strategy for the management of oxidative stress related chronic and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimers and diabetes mellitus.

WOS: 000510521700022, Members of the Onosma genus are widely used in folk medicine and they have great interest in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, phytochemical characterization, antioxidant activity (2,2-dipheny1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CIJPRAC), metal chelation, and phosphomolybdenum assays), enzyme inhibition (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and tyrosinase), antimicrobial activity (microdilution method), genotoxic and antigenotoxic (by using Drosophila melanogaster larvae and Comet assay) potentials of Onosma sericea Willd. and Onosma stenoloba Hausskn. ex Riedl. were investigated. Additionally, the bioactive compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. Generally, O. sericea showed stronger antioxidant activity, while O. stenoloba extract exhibited stronger enzyme inhibitory abilities (cholinesterases and alpha-amylase). The protective effects of extracts, at the concentration range from 25 to 400 mu g/mL, against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage were dose-dependent, increasing with a higher dosage. The extracts at the highest concentration (80 mg/mL) showed the absence of genotoxicity in vivo. Antigenotoxic effects were evident after treatment with both extracts, with a percentage reduction of over 80 %. Overall antimicrobial activity of studied extracts was weak, with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration values (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL. Taken together, obtained results showed that tested Onosma species can be considered as promising sources of bioactive phytochemicals for pharmacological purposes., Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [III43004], This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No.III43004).

Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. is a poorly studied plant species belonging to the Brassicaceae family, and usually used as cress in the salads. The current investigation aimed at assessing the antioxidant potential and inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of F. clypeata against key enzymes targeted in the management of type II diabetes (&alpha, amylase and &alpha, glucosidase), Alzheimer&rsquo, s disease (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase), and skin hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was also determined using normal VERO and cancer FaDu and SCC-25 cell lines. Besides, LC-MS was employed to investigate the detailed phytochemical profiles of the extracts. The methanol extract showed potent enzyme inhibitory activity (4.87 mg galantamine equivalent/g, 3.52 mg galantamine equivalent/g, 126.80 mg kojic acid equivalent/g, and 24.68 mg acarbose equivalent/g, for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and &alpha, glucosidase, respectively) and antioxidant potential (96.52, 109.10, 154.02, and 104.85 mg trolox equivalent/g, for DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, respectively). Interestingly, caffeic acid-O-hexoside derivative, caffeyl alcohol O-glucopyranoside, and ferulic acid derivative were identified in all extracts. F. clypeata extracts showed no cytotoxicity towards VERO cell line and a weak cytotoxic potential against FaDu and SCC-25 cell lines. Interesting scientific evidence gathered from the present study support further investigation on F. clypeata in the view of designing and developing a novel therapeutic agent for the management of Alzheimer&rsquo, s disease, type II diabetes, skin hyperpigmentation problems, as well as cancer.

In this study, we attempted for the first time to determine the phytochemical compositions and biopharmaceutical properties of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Morinda morindoides fruits and seeds. Antioxidant propensities of the extracts were determined via free radical-scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, metal chelating, and reducing power assays. Inhibitory activities against cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were assessed. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) analysis was performed to establish the chemical profile of the investigated extracts. The tested extracts showed remarkable antioxidant abilities with aqueous fruit extract being most potent in all assays, except for ferrous ion chelating assay. Overall, the methanolic extracts were potent inhibitors of the tested enzymes. In conclusion, M. morindoides may be endorsed as promising sources of bioactive compounds and used for designing functional foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In recent years, new compounds from plant sources have attracted great interest to design functional foods. Thus, we aimed to detect biological and chemical properties of Morinda morindoides fruits and seeds, a widely used as food with medicinal properties in Africa. Based on our findings, fruits extracts exhibited stronger activity when compared to seed extracts. Also, chemical identification was performed for each extracts. The presented findings could provide valuable information into the pool of scientific knowledge and may be basis for the design of novel functional applications from M. morindoides.