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Introduction: Isoproterenol (ISO) is regarded as an adrenergic non-selective β agonist. It regulates myocardial contractility and may cause damage to cardiac tissues. Alchemilla vulgaris (AV) is an herbal plant that has garnered considerable attention due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactive components. The present investigation assessed the cardioprotective potential of AV towards ISOinduced myocardial damage. Methods: Four groups of mice were utilized: control that received saline, an ISO group (85 mg/kg, S.C.), ISO + AV100, and ISO + AV200 groups (mice received 100 or 200 mg/kg AV orally along with ISO). Results and discussion: ISO induced notable cardiac damage demonstrated by clear histopathological disruption and alterations in biochemical parameters. Intriguingly, AV treatment mitigates ISO provoked oxidative stress elucidated by a substantial enhancement in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as a considerable reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. In addition, notable downregulation of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, TNF-α, and RAGE) and the NF-κB/p65 pathway was observed in ISO-exposed animals following AV treatment. Furthermore, the pro-apoptotic marker Bax was downregulated together with autophagy markers Beclin1 and LC3 with in ISO-exposed animals when treated with AV. Pre-treatment with AV significantly alleviated ISO-induced cardiac damage in a dose related manner, possibly due to their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Interestingly, when AV was given at higher doses, a remarkable restoration of ISO-induced cardiac injury was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeybees have been helpful insects since ancient centuries, and this benefit is not limited to being a honey producer only. After the bee stings a person, pain, and swelling occur in this place, due to the effects of bee venom (BV). This is not a poison in the total sense of the word because it has many benefits, and this is due to its composition being rich in proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other types of molecules in low concentrations that show promise in the treatment of numerous diseases and conditions. BV has also demonstrated positive effects against various cancers, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing versus the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Even though topical BV therapy is used to varying degrees among countries, localized swelling or itching are common side effects that may occur in some patients. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the complex chemical composition of BV, highlighting the diverse range of bioactive compounds and their therapeutic applications, which extend beyond the well-known anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, showcasing the versatility of BV in modern medicine. A specific search strategy was followed across various databases; Web of sciences, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar including in vitro and in vivo clinical studies. to outline an overview of BV composition, methods to use, preparation requirements, and Individual consumption contraindications. Furthermore, this review addresses safety concerns and emerging approaches, such as the use of nanoparticles, to mitigate adverse effects, demonstrating a balanced and holistic perspective. Importantly, the review also incorporates historical context and traditional uses, as well as a unique focus on veterinary applications, setting it apart from previous works and providing a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furan (FU) and Cadmium (Cd) are toxic agents, and persistent exposure may harm both human and animal health. Therefore, we explored the effects of FU and Cd on liver of the male rat. Male Wister rat groups are distributed randomly: control group (Cr-water): rats were given DI water; control oil group (Cr-oil): rats received corn oil; Furan group: rats received Furan (FU, 16 mg/kg) orally; Cd group: rats obtain cadmium (Cd, 2 mg/kg) orally; and FU+Cd group: rats given both FU + Cd. For 30 days, each therapy was administered once daily. Blood samples and hepatic tissues were obtained after all rats were euthanized. The outcomes showed that treatment with FU or Cd alone considerably caused liver damage, evidenced by serum increase of AST, ALT, ALP, triglycerides, and cholesterol as well as histological changes. Following FU or Cd exposure, there were significant reductions in CAT, GSH, and SOD contents, as well as increases in malondialdehyde along with upregulated expression of PCNA and TNF-α. In contrast, when FU and Cd were administered together potentiated each other and caused more cellular damage in liver tissue. This study found that the primary modulator for enhancing FU and Cd toxicity when administered together was thought to be oxidative stress pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furan (FU) is a common food contaminant and environmental pollutant. While cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent environmental contaminant that poses a risk to the health of humans and animals. The goal of the current study was to assess the combined effects of FU and Cd on the kidney of male albino rats. Five groups of rats were designed: Cr-water, Cr-oil, FU (16 mg/kg b.w), Cd (2 mg/kg b.w), and FU+Cd, rats were co-treated with both FU and Cd. All treatments were given orally for 30 days. Renal function testing revealed severe biochemical changes in the rats, indicating substantial tissue injury. In addition, there was a notable rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a fall in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Also, prominent histopathological alterations in renal tissues were noticed. Additionally, FU and/or Cd significantly up-regulated the expression profile of Kim-1, and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and iNOS). Meanwhile, Aqp1, and Aqp2 m-RNA genes expression were significantly downregulated along with significant upregulation of apoptotic proteins (PCNA). Intriguingly, the concurrent FU and Cd intoxication elicited additional extensive renal injury than their individual exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aflatoxins (AFT) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that are extremely dangerous for both human beings as well as animals. A safe, effective, and considerate strategy is therefore credited with controlling AFT intoxication. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the mitigating properties of Chlorella vulgaris (ChV) against AFT-induced nephrotoxicity and altered egg quality. Methods: Quails were randomized into Control group (receiving a normal diet); ChV group (1 g/kg diet); AFT group (receiving an AFT-containing diet); and the AFT-ChV group were given both treatments. Results and discussion: AFT provoked kidney injury, exhibited by increased renal biochemical parameters and reduced protein levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels dramatically increased as a consequence of AFT exposure, and glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were also decreased. Substantial up-modulation of the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was additionally reported. Furthermore, AFT residues were detected in the egg compromising its quality and nutritional value. Contrarily, ChV supplemented diet suppressed the AFT-prompted oxidative stress and inflammation, together with enhancing the nutritional value and quality of eggs and decreasing AFT residues. These beneficial impacts are proposed to be attributed to its antioxidant and nutritional ingredients. The molecular docking dynamics confirmed the inflammatory and apoptotic protein targets for ChV. Our findings recommend that adding ChV supplements to foods might guard against nephrotoxicity brought on by AFT exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time task scheduling is a critical part of systems since processes must finish their work at a certain time. Large data streams require high energy efficiency and rapid response times. Real-time system performance must be improved through task scheduling on resources. Numerous researchers have recently and rapidly proposed enormous efforts with enhancements in numerous task scheduling methods. Round Robin algorithm has been commonly utilized in task scheduling. In this paper, a Modified Median Mean Round Robin (MMMRR) algorithm is proposed to significantly enhance the performance of the Round Robin algorithm. The proposed algorithm finds an ideal dynamic time quantum └(median+ mean)/2)┘ and generated for each round depending on the remaining burst time of the processes. The system performance has been enhanced in terms of waiting time, turnaround time and context switching. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms ADRR, HYRR, EDRR, MARR and MMRR algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxin B1 (AF) is an unavoidable environmental pollutant that contaminates food, feed, and grains, which seriously threatens human and animal health. Arabic gum (AG) has recently evoked much attention owing to its promising therapeutic potential. Thus, the current study was conducted to look into the possible mechanisms beyond the ameliorative activity of AG against AF-inflicted hepatic injury. Male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: Control, AG (7.5 g/kg b.w/day, orally), AF (200 µg/kg b.w), and AG plus AF group. AF induced marked liver damage expounded by considerable changes in biochemical profile and histological architecture. The oxidative stress stimulated by AF boosted the production of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level along with decreases in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Additionally, AF exposure was associated with down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid2–related factor2 (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) protein expression in liver tissue. Apoptotic cascade has also been evoked following AF-exposure, as depicted in overexpression of cytochrome c (Cyto c), cleaved Caspase3 (Cl. Casp3), along with enhanced up-regulation of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappa-B transcription factor/p65 (NF-κB/p65) mRNA expression levels. Interestingly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory contents of AG may reverse the induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in AF-exposed animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern human life is strongly reliant on real-time systems. The operating system is one of the most significant real-time systems. To meet the demands of the future, operating systems must be upgraded. Nowadays, a lot of systems are used; like mobile applications and internet of things. Task scheduling is so important in the operating system to enhance the performance in these systems. Round Robin algorithm has been widely used in task scheduling. In this paper, a Median Mean Round Robin (MMRR) algorithm is proposed to significantly enhance the performance of the Round Robin algorithm. The proposed algorithm finds an optimal dynamic time quantum +(median+ mean)/2)+ and generated for each cluster depending on the remaining burst time of the processes. The performance has been enhanced in terms of waiting time, turnaround time and context switching. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms ADRR, HYRR, EDRR and MARR algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]