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Nous rapportons le cas d’un homme de 52 ans sans ATCD consultant pour une baisse progressive de l’acuité visuelle de l’œil droit évoluant depuis 10 ans. L’acuité visuelle corrigée est de 2/10 - P6 à l’OD et de 10/10 - P2 à l’OG. L’examen du segment antérieur est sans particularité. Le FO retrouve au niveau de l’OD une altération de l’épithélium pigmentaire (AEP) associée à des migrations pigmentaires d’aspect ostéoblastique intéressant la macula et une zone étendue par coulée gravitationnelle de l’arcade temporale supérieure jusqu’au quadrant temporal inférieur. Au niveau de l’œil gauche on note un aspect similaire surtout dans la région inter papillo-maculaire (A,B). L’angiographie à la fluorescéine montre dans les 2 yeux une hyperfluorescence précoce des zones de dépigmentation de l’EP associé à des migrations pigmentaires donnant un aspect de queue de comète par coulée gravitationnelle (C,D). L’OCT montre un DEP retro-fovéolaire au niveau de l’OD (E). Le patient a été mis sous Diamox avec une surveillance régulière pour prendre en charge l’éventuelle apparition de points de fuite .L’évolution s’est faite vers une régression du DEP et une amélioration de l’AV.

Dromedaries have been fundamental to the development of human societies in arid landscapes and for long-distance trade across hostile hot terrains for 3,000 y. Today they continue to be an important livestock resource in marginal agro-ecological zones. However, the history of dromedary domestication and the influence of ancient trading networks on their genetic structure have remained elusive. We combined ancient DNA sequences of wild and early-domesticated dromedary samples from arid regions with nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial genotype information from 1,083 extant animals collected across the species' range. We observe little phylogeographic signal in the modern population, indicative of extensive gene flow and virtually affecting all regions except East Africa, where dromedary populations have remained relatively isolated. In agreement with archaeological findings, we identify wild dromedaries from the southeast Arabian Peninsula among the founders of the domestic dromedary gene pool. Approximate Bayesian computations further support the "restocking from the wild" hypothesis, with an initial domestication followed by introgression from individuals from wild, now-extinct populations. Compared with other livestock, which show a long history of gene flow with their wild ancestors, we find a high initial diversity relative to the native distribution of the wild ancestor on the Arabian Peninsula and to the brief coexistence of early-domesticated and wild individuals. This study also demonstrates the potential to retrieve ancient DNA sequences from osseous remains excavated in hot and dry desert environments.

Thirty fattened one humped desert camels were used to examine the effect of season on contractile and metabolic properties of Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Ten camels were slaughtered according to seasons of the year (winter, summer and autumn). Season significantly influenced muscle chemical composition, ultimate pH (pHu) and color. Activities of metabolic enzymes were higher during autumn season compared to summer and winter for phosphofructokinase (+64% compared to both seasons) and for isocitrate dehydrogenase (+35% and +145% in autumn vs. summer and winter, respectively). Quantification of muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed only presence of type I and type IIa MyHC in camel muscle and indicated high proportion in winter for type I and in autumn for type IIa with respect to other seasons. Several correlations between different MyHC proportions and enzyme activities were reported. These findings indicated that muscle characteristics in camels are influenced by season., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)