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This study investigated the changes in foundries and production techniques of modern and contemporary Korean artistic bronze constructions from the 1910s to the 2000s. To determine the characteristics of foundries and changes in alloy composition based on era, interviews with key sculptors and foundry technicians, analysis of archival materials related to casting, and nondestructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of 92 bronze sculptures by Manlin Choi, were conducted. This study found that foundries for artistic bronze underwent technical and organizational changes from the 1910s to the 2000s. Modern casting techniques and foreign technologies have been introduced since the late 1960s that have resulted in various production methods. The portable X-ray fluorescence analysis of Manlin Choi's 92 bronze sculptures revealed distinct differences in alloy composition depending on the foundry, findings that have also been supported by records (contracts, receipts, payment confirmations). This study systematically organizes the changes in foundries and production techniques of modern and contemporary Korean artistic bronze, identifying correlations between alloy composition and foundries, and is expected to provide important data for the future conservation and scientific authentication of artistic bronze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is devoted to the history of the political adaptation of tribal structures to the conditions of social class interactions in the Kazakh aul in the 1920s. Newly uncovered archival materials show how patrimonial and hierarchical institutions tried to adapt and adjust themselves to the system of socialist construction in the Kazakh steppe. The authors have identified three directions that most clearly demonstrated the behavioural motives and adaptation practices of Kazakh tribal cattle-breeding society: the formation of the Soviet apparatus of power in Kazakhstan; the participation of the tribal elite in elections to enter the Soviet institutions of power; and confiscation as a policy of struggle against ancestry and descent groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Japanese-Australian debates over immigration and racial exclusion over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. By examining the development of collective national identity in Japan and by drawing on archival materials in Japan and Australia, including official correspondence between the two countries and policy-related primary source materials such as internal government correspondence and parliamentary debates, it shows how the local discourse on national identity in both Japan and Australia was an important factor in what would be Japan's heated response to the issue of Japanese exclusion under the auspices of White Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hundreds of thousands of Australians live with the dire aftermath of having been institutionalised as children in the national 'Care' network of orphanages and children's homes. In 2023 the Australian Orphanage Museum (AOM) was opened, both to memorialise the experiences of children whose early lives were blighted by out-of-home Care (OOHC), and to facilitate activism aimed at gaining justice for those now-adult Care-leavers. The article in part utilises the author's lived experience as a Care-leaver activist to summarise the rise of Care-leaver activism, placing it in a heritage context as it applies to the institutions themselves. It examines the role of the AOM in collecting and displaying apparently mundane objects that have profound meaning for individual stakeholders, and in preserving archival material documenting the early activist groups. Various forms of past and contemporary Care-leaver activism are discussed, and examples of successful and less successful campaigns are examined. The AOM is shown to perform a vital role in providing affirmation for Care-leavers, advocating on their behalf to the wider community, and working in conjunction with other activist groups and projects to aid researchers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its now totemic constitutional status, Magna Carta is not explicitly mentioned in Shakespeare's history play of King John. King John has been interrogated by literary scholars for references to the charter and investigated by historians for potential oversight. Yet, often overlooked are the sporadic references to Magna Carta in nineteenth-century productions of the play. During the nineteenth century, Magna Carta's legal significance waned as clauses were removed from legislation. Its political purchase is well-documented, including its use by the Chartists, and its use in nationalist-based support for wars at the start and end of the century. What is often unheeded in legal scholarship, is the shifting cultural significance of the charter. A performance history of Shakespeare's King John exposes the different treatment of Magna Carta in productions of Shakespeare's play and related theatrical representations of the charter in popular melodrama and pantomimes in the nineteenth century. This paper uses archival material of theatre productions to interrogate the status of Magna Carta through a performance history of Shakespeare's King John in nineteenth-century London. Investigating the representations of Magna Carta in theatre productions offers a complex picture of the charter's place in the history of British constitutionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research project, reported in three parts, focuses on Henry Nock's 'screwless lock', or, as it is called in documents at the time of its manufacture, the 'Duke's Lock', in the most important production variant of this novel and sophisticated design. This is the 5.5in long 'Type 2' Duke's Lock, as fitted to the final design iteration of the Board of Ordnance's Duke of Richmond's Musket (DoRM), namely its rammer-to-the-muzzle (RTM) version. The three papers report the results of the first published systematic assessment of the Duke's Lock's interchangeability. No statement has yet been found in archival material to suggest that the lock is, or was considered to be, interchangeable, or that it has interchangeable components, but the authors of many secondary works think that it was, and therefore we set out to investigate this important matter systematically. This, the first paper, presents the findings of a five-lock component exchange experiment, which permits 20 component interchange tests. Measurements of key dimensions have also been made to assist in understanding the fits at which interchangeability was achieved. The exchange experiments establish that from 50% to 100% of the lock's small components are interchangeable, with two especially surprising results: all cocks exchange on the large centres of the locks (20/20 or 100%), and all sears which can be tested are found to exchange between bents (17/17 or 100%). Tests assessing the complete assembly of all components in the lock thickness direction, omitting problematic individual components, show success rates of 16/20 (80%) and 14/20 (70%). The results of this process are placed in a material context through metallographic analysis of components of a less well-preserved Board of Ordnance 5.5in Duke's Lock by Nock, and, for comparison, on an almost contemporary Board of Ordnance India Pattern Musket lock. The analysis has revealed that many components of the Duke's Lock are made of steel rather than wrought iron, and that, for the centres and some other key components, these steels were selected because their properties suited machine turning, and this reflects Nock's expert use of lathes within a factory that was using steam power by 1795. The analysis is supported by the disassembly and technical examination of some locks, including one that was partially completed, to analyse methods of construction. As regards archival sources, we have built upon Howard Blackmore's seminal paper of 1956 by discovering additional archival data in the Ordnance Bill books, specifically the records of transactions with Nock's executors after his death in 1804, to as late as 1808. This has allowed an improved understanding of the number of locks supplied and the uses to which they were put. The Ordnance Bill Books show that Nock delivered 12,010 Duke's Locks in only 29 months, between 4 July 1793 and 25 November 1795. Together the papers explore how Henry Nock was able to produce the remarkable figure of 12,010 interchangeable locks in 1793–95, five years before the production of 10,000 interchangeable locks was achieved in France by Honoré Blanc, who is widely regarded as the first in this field. Significantly, Nock's work also preceded that of Samuel Bentham, Mark Brunel and Henry Maudslay on the famous machines for making interchangeable components – in wood – for the blocks required for ships' rigging; the three principals began their work on this in 1799. The present three-part study not only firmly establishes Henry Nock's leading position in the field of firearm development but also as one of the pioneers of interchangeable manufacture at scale in engineering more widely, both nationally and internationally. Part 2 uses studies of the marks on a sample of 25 locks to reveal more about the manufacturing system for Duke's Lock and how the people within the system were organised. The final paper, Part 3, discusses the small changes in design and inspection made during and after production that are revealed in the earlier Parts, and also how the design of George Bolton's later patent lock was influenced by Nock's work and the experience of his workmen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines black-market food activities in the German-occupied territory of the General Government during World War II. Unlike in other areas of occupied Poland (e.g. in areas incorporated into the Reich), in the General Government, and especially in Warsaw, the black market became a specialist discipline, often practiced professionally. The article argues that this professionalized black market thrived in large part due to the corruption of German authorities and their powerlessness to enforce the harsh system of rules and prohibitions around illegal food trade. An analysis of Polish and German archival materials, ego-documents, as well as both the official and underground press shows that this corruption and inability to control characterized the entire supply chain of black-market food, from production in the countryside, transfer to cities, and distribution and consumption in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Scandinavian Monetary Union (SMU) of Denmark, Sweden and Norway has been labelled 'the most successful of the pre-World War I monetary unions'. It functioned smoothly throughout the first era of globalisation but is considered to have disintegrated during the Great War. However, attempts at rebuilding the union in the interwar years, in a spirit of increased intra-Scandinavian central bank cooperation, have been overlooked. In fact, the Scandinavian central banks frequently convened trying to re-establish the SMU. This paper is the first comprehensive account of these efforts. Based on archival material from these three central banks, it will answer questions on three different levels of analysis: How did the central banks consider future cooperation through the union despite interwar economic turmoil? As ending the leading symbol of Scandinavian cooperation would be politically costly, was it the central banks or governments who were the main actors in re-establishing the union? Given both the need to balance between national primacy and to cooperate to counter economic turmoil, and the fact that all Scandinavian countries followed suit as England abandoned gold in 1931, how are we to consider aspects such as isolationism versus cooperation and small state behaviour versus great power policies? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article seeks to illuminate the activities of historical bisexual community groups in Toronto in the late twentieth century, a peak era of bisexual activism in Ontario. The city’s first bisexual women’s group, Bykes, was founded in 1983, and the first mixed gender group, the Ontario Bisexual Network, was established later in 1989. While the former was influenced by radical lesbian separatist politics in 1970s and 1980s Toronto, the latter demonstrated the need to amplify bisexual concerns across the gender spectrum, in addition to serving a growing membership within the burgeoning bisexual community in the city. In order to contextualize the significance of these bisexual community groups, the following research questions are addressed: what were the objectives of Toronto’s early bisexual community groups and how did activists accomplish them? How did bisexual people in these groups situate themselves in Toronto’s gay and lesbian landscape? What were the main tenets of bisexual community building in the city? Through analyses of oral history interviews and archival materials, we can observe that bisexual activists involved in Toronto’s first community groups participated in creating meeting spaces for each other and engaging in public advocacy that revolved primarily around visibility, education, and community care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the evolution of nineteenth-century French economist Michel Chevalier’s reputation and self-understanding as a Saint-Simonian. Despite only having served two years as chief editor of the famous Saint-Simonian Globe, Chevalier’s attempt to re-integrate himself into liberal intellectual circles following his split from the Saint-Simonian movement was consistently hindered by his perceived adherence to its illiberal principles. This article mobilizes Chevalier’s reputation as a means to explore the porous boundary between Saint-Simonianism and French liberalism at a time when the contours between the two traditions were still not clearly defined. I also argue that the economist’s continued prioritization of economic development over political liberty grounded a variety of liberalism that many political liberals found intolerable, notably in its willingness to endure Bonapartist authoritarianism for the sake of economic growth. Mobilizing new archival material from the Second Empire, this article illuminates how Chevalier and others understood his relation to Saint-Simonianism and liberalism in the moment when he was at the apogee of his power and influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1848 and 1867, at a time that is often considered to be central to Italian, German, and Slavic nation building, the Habsburg port city of Trieste witnessed a significant immigration from throughout Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. While the historiography of the city has focused on the Triestine entrepreneurial class, understandably described as cosmopolitan, little research has been conducted on the rest of the urban population, too often seen as polarized along distinct national affiliations. This article argues that such national allegiances are anachronistic and that 'vulgar cosmopolitanism', national indifference, dynastic patriotism, and urban and regional allegiances better define the lived experiences of the majority of the population. Archival material, the applications for Austrian naturalization that thousands of foreigners submitted in the period studied here, shows the intense inter-ethnic engagement of those people who did not belong to the cosmopolitan trading community, who often proved to be insensitive to nationalist agitation and unaware of the existence of 'nations'. This study of Habsburg Trieste at the time of nation building in Central and Southern Europe provides further elements that refute standard national narratives and classic interpretations of the development of nationalism. It also offers comparative evidence for global cities that have been integrated into mono-national states or have managed to avoid such integrational efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1920s and 30s, a criminal investigation followed by a trial against a group of allegedly homosexual men was launched in Gothenburg, Sweden. Almost a century later, Swedish artist Conny Karlsson Lundgren engages with these events in a multifaceted two-part installation and performative work that borrows the title from the investigation, The Gothenburg Affair (Göteborgsaffären). In this article, we describe how the investigation was conducted during a time in which the science of criminology expanded to envelop new technologies and methods of identification and categorization. Tools such as new uses of photography, the portrait parlé, and Kretschmerian body types were implemented to identify criminal individuals and behaviors and place them within a particular category of criminality or pathology. In his works, Karlsson Lundgren conspicuously brings out sensual and sexual details of the archival material and inverts the denigrating and stigmatizing ways in which these details were used in the source material. In the article, we describe the strategies though which Karlsson Lundgren's work transforms aspects of the archival material and in this way intervenes in history to continue a resistance found between the lines of the archival material itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albion Motors Ltd was a large company based in Scotstoun, Glasgow, employing thousands over its nine-decades existence. Much is known about its manufacturing output of cars, lorries, and buses, so the purpose of this research was to investigate Albion-related archive material held by Glasgow Life and consider this within a social historic context. The paper is replete with evidence of the human experience of the company, obtained through various research methods including scrutiny of primary source material, site visits, and unstructured in-person and telephone interviews. Whilst containing some inconclusive elements, the personal testimony of one former employee, which so effectively brought the past to life, was a poignant reminder to continue this research. Thankfully, the local community centre in Scotstoun had a similar idea, to host an open day for former staff to share memories of working for Albion – proving there are many anecdotes yet to document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines how the World Para Snow Sports Championship 2021 was leveraged to create para sport outcomes. The purpose of this study is to add to the knowledge of how different organisations can create positive para sport legacies from elite para sport events. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative case study used interviews with representatives from key stakeholders and archival materials as main sources. An event leverage model was used to better understand the context, structures, and resources relevant to the development of para sport outcomes. Findings: The main findings show how a variety of organisations set goals and implemented strategies to create para sport legacies. While the short-term increase in para sport participation remained rather limited, the new infrastructure, new para sport policies, and increased awareness of para sport were the main para sport legacy outcomes. Research limitations/implications: The main contribution of this study is empirical knowledge on how different organisations can leverage a para sport event to create legacies for para sport. Future research can examine the perspectives of additional groups, such as other athletes, spectators, and people with disabilities. Practical implications: For organisations involved in para sport, this study shows the opportunities and challenges of using a sport event to recruit new para sport participants. Originality/value: While there are some studies on the legacy outcomes of the Paralympic Games, this study focuses on a different para sport event and adopts the leverage perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the reclamation of W.E.B. Du Bois's many contributions to social science practice. In particular, it offers an original quadripartite pedagogical framework grounded in the practices and ideas of Du Bois and more contemporary Du Boisian scholars. In doing so, it utilizes a combination of archival materials, Du Bois's publications, and secondary literature. This article then intervenes by (1) offering a concise review of the trajectory and main developments of Du Bois's educational thought, (2) analyzing and synthesizing the secondary educational literature on Du Bois's philosophy and sociology of education, and (3) outlining an original framework for pedagogical practice grounded in Du Boisian principles. It argues that a Du Boisian framework for pedagogy will be crucial in the Du Bois-inspired efforts to decolonize the sociological imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of Malaysia is one of the more significant episodes in understanding the country's historical chronology. This is because it symbolizes a large union in Southeast Asia through the merging of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore. Behind the proposal for Malaysia's formation, there were various reactions both opposing and supporting among the leaders and people of Sarawak. The proposal surprised them because the purpose of this plan was unclear. Therefore, this idea initially received negative reactions from Sarawak leaders. The opposition from the leaders of Sarawak were clearly plastered all over the front pages of newspapers in Sarawak, Singapore, and Malaya. In response, leaders from Malaya, Singapore, and Britain endeavoured to persuade the leaders and people of Sarawak about the benefits of the Malaysia formation plan. This brought relief to most Sarawak leaders who desired independence along with development for Sarawak. Against this background, this article attempts to uncover the reasons why there was a shift from negative to positive reactions among a significant number of Sarawak leaders. To obtain the research findings in this article, the research method used is content analysis, utilizing primary materials from archival documents. Newspapers were also utilized in the analysis of this article. These primary sources are supplemented with secondary sources that provide a comprehensive analysis to address the questions raised in the article. In this regard, several books related to the history of Malaysia's formation are used. Findings from this study indicate that perceived assurances were sufficient for Sarawak's independence within the formation of Malaysia. This is the hope of leaders and people of Sarawak for joining in the formation of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has now been just over four decades since the first discovery of a millisecond spin period pulsar (MSP), B1937+21, by Don Backer and collaborators in late 1982. This finding of an entirely new class of astronomical object revolutionized pulsar astronomy and provided inspiration for novel scientific investigation for decades to come, continuing to the current day and beyond. Here we review the events leading to the discovery, based on archival material, personal correspondence, and first-hand accounts of several of the participants. We also briefly review the enormous impact that MSPs have had on physics and astronomy by highlighting major MSP-related science of the past 40 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English transatlantic expansion commenced at a point in history when the Mediterranean was the center of intellectual and economic action in Europe. Using previously untranslated sections of Latin sources and archival material (Cotton Manuscripts and Royal Manuscripts at British Library, and National Archives, London), this essay argues that (1) proponents of overseas empire were instructed by the example of a wider range of ancient and modern Mediterranean states than previously recognized; and (2) the Bermuda and Virginia colonies were originally intended to curb English dependence on the Mediterranean by producing a market basket of exotic crops unavailable in the climate of the British Isles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This piece responds to the Queer Precarities workshop and its invitations and provocations to think back through and forward to questions of class and sexuality, and as navigated by feminist geographers. I think thorough the situatedness of academic (re)productions as always occurring in time and place, when new terms and articulations may repeat or disguise. Precarity as a term of now may act to displace class as a term of then – or 'them' – raising enduring questions about the politics, production and interruption of knowledge. I offer up queer-class stories, including dimensions of the personal, political, affective, archival and material, encountered across place and time. I am still compelled by class as a concept and one which still often collides with queer. In this short viewpoint, I hope to show and share some of the research reflections enabled by the Queer Precarities workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The commonly used MEA medium proved to be the least suitable for fungal capture. • Cultivation strategies to capture a wider range of fungi are still insufficient. • The need to use both culture-dependent and -independent approaches was highlighted. • Environmental conditions, not material composition, impact material colonisation. The biodeterioration of cultural heritage objects is often attributed to microscopic fungi and their metabolic activity. These fungi often produce pigments that result in aesthetic alterations. Furthermore, through physical mechanisms like hyphal penetration and chemical mechanisms such as the production of acids or other harmful substances, they can degrade the integrity and structure of a wide range of materials. It is therefore necessary to identify these microorganisms as an initial step towards preserving cultural heritage objects for future generations. This study aims to identify the fungi present on audio-visual materials stored in two Czech Republic archives. Employing both a culture-dependent approach, using four different cultivation media, and a culture-independent approach with Illumina MiSeq sequencing, comprehensive fungal identification was conducted. The culture-dependent method yielded the identification of only 11 isolates from 7 genera, highlighting the necessity to enhance fungal capture efficiency, with the MEA medium proving the least suitable. In contrast, 75 genera were identified by the culture-independent approach. However, minimal overlap in results between the approaches, with only the Aspergillus and Bjerkandera genera in common, emphasises the significance of employing both methods. Next, analysis in two different archives suggested a potential association of 16 genera directly with audio-visual materials rather than storage conditions, including the genera Filobasidium, Naganishia, Sporobolomyces , or Wallemia. Furthermore, factors influencing the composition of fungal communities on audio-visual materials were investigated, of which locality proved to be statistically significant. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activities of Germany's secret service in the Bismarck era have received little attention in the historical literature. This neglect is partly attributable to the destruction of most of the original documentation during the Second World War. Newly discovered archival material allows the veil finally to be lifted on covert operations conducted by Prussia's two spy agencies between 1866 and 1871. Analysis of this material reveals that intelligence gathered through espionage played a significant role in the unification of Germany by providing Prussian leaders with high-quality information about adversaries and potential adversaries, enabling them to make well-informed decisions and to accurately calculate risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responding to the perceived challenges of globalization, German politicians have sought to transform German universities into competitive 'entrepreneurial universities'. Based on archival material from six German universities, this article shows how reforms of university governance and new modes of funding have changed power relations within universities as well as within the German scientific community. Even though the breakthrough of 'New Public Management' must be situated in the 1990s, some causes of these transformations can be traced back to the 1970s, when the end of the postwar boom, educational expansion and discontent with the democratization of universities gave rise to new visions of the university's role in society. Even though neoliberal ideas did play a part in the transformation of German universities, this process was more complex than the often-used label 'neoliberal university' suggests. International comparisons are applied to assess the scope of change and to highlight some of the peculiarities of the German developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a century, speedway has operated on a transnational basis. Its riders, competitions and machinery regularly traverse national and continental borders. The imposition of the Cold War's Iron Curtain did little to impede its growth. This article focuses on one of speedway's far‐flung and diverse provincial heartlands to show how the sport generated frequent transnational and transsystemic interactions and forged deep relationships that often stood in contrast to the prevailing trends of international politics. As one of speedway's 'entangled peripheries', rural East Anglia owes a debt of gratitude to Australasian pioneers. From the 1950s—decades before imported talent became commonplace in football—the region welcomed Scandinavian and Eastern Bloc riders and hosted visiting clubs and national representations from across the continent. Later, East Anglia became a bridgehead for the successful assault of communist‐built machinery on the Western market. These bold endeavours were not without controversy, as British riders voiced objections to foreign men and machines deemed a threat to their livelihoods. The Cold War's end accelerated existing trends and also created exciting new opportunities for itinerant East Anglians abroad. Archival material, conversations with the sport's foreign trailblazers and fans, Swedish and Czechoslovak sources, photographs and official publications serve to demonstrate speedway's enduring ability to forge unexpected ties and give voice to regions at the so‐called margins of twentieth‐century history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a manifesto for an infrastructural turn in psychoanalysis, proposing to look at institutions 'slantwise'. It theorises psychoanalytic infrastructural thinking, pondering on its qualities as a particular kind of orientation to action, and showing its capacity to consider multiple transferences and ambivalence, as well as new fantasies on gain, accumulation and redistribution. It articulates the relationship between infrastructural thinking and a postural theory of the subject, centred on considering inclinations, orientations, and disorientations in relation to objects. Drawing on ethnographic and archival material, it constructs a 'scene' for observing infrastructural thinking at work, in psychoanalytic free clinics in Brazil, in the 1970s, and up to our times. It looks at the infrastructural creativities of the free clinics, which promise to renew the relationship of psychoanalysis with itself and with its others. Exploring the intersection of psychoanalysis and phenomenology, it traces the work of infrastructural thinking in postural moments, glitches, disorientations, or slips of the tongue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When comparing lifelong learning systems in Europe, Swedish vocational education has been characterised as a statist, school-based ideal type, with strong emphasis on egalitarianism and social citizenship. However, the popularisation and expansion of higher vocational education (HVE), a post-secondary training form that has a mandate to train people to meet local labour market needs, complicates these composite descriptions. Building on conventions theory and pragmatic sociology, our analysis probes the plural worlds of HVE participation, beyond simplistic understandings of human capital accumulation or universalistic welfare. Drawing on interviews with participants and archival material, we analyse forms of justifications evoked by those engaged in this transforming skilling regime. Our analysis reveals that participants do not enrol merely for getting work or getting ahead. Rather, participation is described as a response to constraints, a means to challenge difficult circumstances encountered in the labour market, or related to contingencies. Taken together, HVE emerges as a flexible mode of governing vocational knowledge to match local labour market needs, with rivalling conventions of worth. We discuss the increasing significance of projection and anticipation for individuals and organisations involved in skilling regimes, and propose a prospective convention that underscores expectancy and promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The retail arcade was an innovative format that proliferated across the urban landscape in the late nineteenth century. However, it has attracted limited research attention from business historians. This article addresses this research gap by identifying the reasons for arcade development and the business relationships that enabled their widespread commercialisation. The retail arcade provided a thoroughfare between two centres of urban activity. The realisation of this transitional retail space required civic support and a commercial framework that facilitated the reification of experiential retailing. It provided financial rewards to multiple business interests whose complex relationships underpinned its operational characteristics. Britain provides the research context. Adopting an institutional logics theoretical perspective, this paper considers the interinstitutional shaping of this hybrid organisational form over more than half a century. A rare and rich source of archival material facilitates the study of quotidian activity within this innovative retail format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to examine the memoir component of the “Ukrainian Historian”, the main printed organ of diaspora scholars. In particular, to identify the main groups of materials, the author’s composition, thematic focus, and the tasks set by the editorial board in publishing memoir narratives and research on them. The methodology is based on the use of historical and scientific analysis, systematization, chronological, source and textual methods, which made it possible to determine the species composition of memoir publications, their information potential, and their significance for historical science and society. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of the memoir component of the journal, the identification of the main groups, including memoirs of Ukrainian figures, memories of them and events of Ukrainian history or institutions, source and archaeological publications, as well as reviews for the entire period of its publication. The main authors / “heroes”, the topics of the memoirs, and their significance for historical science and society are identified. Particular attention is paid to reviews of memoirs as a type of scientific testing, which plays an important role in the expert evaluation and promotion of memoirs among the scientific community and the public. Conclusions. From the very first issues, the editorial board of the Ukrainian Historian launched special sections devoted to memoirs. This was a recognition of their importance for Ukrainian scholarship in the context of historical and biographical research as a thorough addition to archival materials, which significantly expanded the source base of Ukrainian historiography in the diaspora and Ukraine. The “Ukrainian Historian” has become an important alternative platform for publishing Ukrainian memoirs and research on them, and thus for testing their authenticity and source value, as opposed to silencing them and preventing their dissemination as stigmatized “ideologically harmful” and “bourgeois nationalist” literature in the Soviet public and scientific information space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When you read the title Notes to Self, perhaps what comes to mind are the words we write in the margins of notebooks or on scrap pieces of paper stuffed between book pages to be rediscovered in the future. Maybe the title sparks thoughts of voice memos, journal entries, underlined texts, or reminders scribbled on sticky notes that are seen every day with hopes that they will take permanent residence in your mind. The phrase also alludes to a lifelong journey that leads to an ultimate destination: a full, authentic, and evolving sense of self. Notes to self are fragments to lead us closer to a more whole composition and definition of our being. This curatorial project highlights archival materials that lay bare how intimacy, interiority, and reflection show up not only in artists' moments of introspection, but also in interactions among soulmates, peers, chosen family, and friends. Letters, notes, and photographs created by companions and counterparts, and kept in artists' papers, hint at the relatable desire to cherish the materials that make us feel cherished. They affirm how we are seen through the eyes of others, especially those who see our depths. They contribute to our sense of self and how we might hope to be remembered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding inspiration from recent calls to consider the body, affect, movement, and otherwise as/in archives, this article focuses on events that took place with young archivists engaged in the act of drawing at a community center. These data-stories are put in conversation with spatial theory, children's geographies, and feminist new materialisms to make sense of child-created archives and to offer researchers a way to (un)learn archival methods by acknowledging artifacts, as not only reflecting the community of makers but also reflecting the vibrancy of materials and space as an archival reciprocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyday aesthetics offers a way to disclose the complexity of a seemingly routine activity like doing the dishes. In this article, I consider the aesthetic allure of one 15-year-old's letters home from camp preserved in a university's archives. By returning aesthetics to experience, philosophical hermeneutics restores the experience of understanding to its multi-sensuous materialization. When things speak to us and we in turn respond to them, we are both transformed. Betty Kaufman's letters vividly depict her experiences at the Laurel Falls Camp for Girls. How, I wondered, does aesthetics perform its mode of being? What are its topological contours? What might qualitative researchers co-responding with archival materials gain from this form of entanglement with understanding? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the challenges and opportunities inherent in the act of "doing feminist archiving," this paper considers how archival materials have been accumulated and used in two distinct contexts: Alternative Toronto, a digital archive in Toronto, Ontario and the Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance (ALFA) Archives at the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture located in the Rubenstein Library at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Although very different in form, scope and capacity, these archives both demonstrate tensions between archiving the self and archiving the collective, navigating blurred distinctions between creating a record and creating an archive and incorporating feminist process as archival practice. I illustrate these tensions in order to demonstrate how traditional understandings of provenance become challenged by the vast array of social, cultural and political entanglements that influence, shape and constrain feminist archiving efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every culture creates and keeps records. Archivists have a pivotal responsibility toward the relationality of the historical past to present societal structure to preserve records of evidential and historical value and ensure their accessibility. Despite cultural differences, archivists impose colonial theory onto Indigenous archival materials that result in a lack of context. Because provenance is a colonial construct, it is often challenged when applied to cultural materials. In this article, the principle of provenance is discussed and challenged, against the backdrop of Indigenous archival practice that centers relationality and reciprocity in stewardship. Highlighting the example of the Jean Chaudhuri Collection at the Arizona State University Labriola National American Data Center, archivists employed a storytelling provenance providing rich context and description about the impactful life of Indigenous activist, Jean Chaudhuri. By reimagining and employing a practical, alternative provenance method, the principle of provenance, expands to respectfully support and provide context that was lacking, resulting in improved accessibility to a collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an exegesis of democracy as it manifests in the Shona people’s selected proverbial philosophy and collective thought. It argues that, contrary to the peddled cultural prejudices and Eurocentric condescending attitudes that portray African/Shona traditional leadership as monarchical and autocratic, this society had an analogue of democratic governance system, as an established tradition. Through proverbs, a collective and engaging dialogue with chiefs and their subjects gently reminded stakeholders of their responsibilities. The article avers that vivid insights of the Shona people’s cultural norms and values exude that they had a firm, genius, significant and sustainable democracy in both theory and praxis. Furthermore, the Shona people’s linguistic treasures unraveled in this analysis, typify that they have a rich oral heritage which functions as part and parcel of their history, to be exploited also by the contemporary and future generations. Shona proverbs, as this article further argues, are oral archival material worthy re-engaging for they do not only reflect the Shona people’s democratic worldview but also act as a valid, reliable and rich linguistic transcript of their traditional leadership from the classical past. The intellectual pedestals adopted in this study are sankofa and nommoic creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reviews three recent monographs that focus on Asian diasporas in Latin America. Diego Javier Luis studies the mobility of free and enslaved Asians to and throughout the Americas from the seventeenth century to the beginning of the nineteenth century. Ignacio López-Calvo analyzes literary works, autobiographies, and performances by Japanese Mexicans in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Koichi Hagimoto turns to the vision of Argentine elites at the turn of the twentieth century in regard to what he denominates “transpacific modernity”, the comparably smooth assimilation of Japanese immigrants in Argentina, and works by contemporary Nikkei Argentine writers. Altogether these studies emphasize the importance of recovering archives of forgotten histories (as well as acknowledging the limitations of these archives) and pay attention to the self-fashioning (at times strategic essentialism) employed by Asian subjects in Latin America. The wide range of archival materials and cultural productions these scholars analyse make it possible and necessary to rethink how Latin American and Asian diasporic studies are being taught. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractCritical scholarship recognises women’s longstanding but unacknowledged presence on the “front line” but tends to explore what it means for the individual rather than why the military institution is invested in this myth. This paper draws on 20 interviews with female veterans of the Troubles and extensive archival material. It examines how servicewomen’s war labour was controlled by the British Army, by policy that kept them unarmed and wearing skirts, labelled as “non-combatants.” Building on scholarly recognition of women’s unacknowledged presence in “front line combat,” this paper considers the implications of control over servicewomen for how we understand military power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often seen as the ushers of modernization in Saudi Arabia, the U.S. company California-Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC), which became Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) in 1944 used a well-crafted public relations programme to present itself as a ‘partner’ in Saudi Arabia. Through archival and published material, this paper uses three lenses (environment; minds and bodies; homes) to unpack the different policies implemented by CASOC/Aramco towards its Saudi hosts and employees. First, the active greening of the Saudi desert extended a form of environmental determinism in which the making of a productive landscape at the hands of U.S. experts would create a hospitable environment. This productive landscape would supposedly influence and shape the Saudi man. Secondly, the Saudi man’s mind and body were targeted through training programmes which aimed to shape the Saudi employee into an ideal worker. Lastly, the modern Saudi house, funded by Aramco, was crafted as the ultimate symbol of development and progress. Establishing the Home Ownership Program (HOP) in 1951, Aramco sought to use housing as a tool for development in the same manner that it did with the environment. Thus, using these lenses, the narrative below unravels Aramco’s carefully curated but fraught narrative of ‘partnership’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the neglected subject of the beginnings of civil aviation in Nigeria in the aftermath of World War I. Until now, the literature on civil aviation in British colonial Africa had focused largely on Kenya, Central and South Africa and on post-World War II West Africa. This paper, relying on previously unexploited archival material, examines policy debates and options considered by the Colonial Office, the Air Ministry and the Nigerian colonial government. The unique, pioneering aviation drive of Nigeria's Governor Hugh Clifford took place in the context of immediate post-World War I dynamics: economic vicissitudes, Anglo-French rivalry in West Africa and the policy interface between London and the colonies. This paper demonstrates that aviation development in Nigeria had roots in the early 1920s, and that the initiative was not a metropolitan monopoly, thereby illustrating the extent of colonial gubernatorial autonomy vis-à-vis London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using organizational innovation as a framework, this empirical study explores the drivers of innovation within Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs), highlights barriers that may hamper their abilities to innovate, and discusses strategies to overcome these barriers and enhance innovation capabilities. A qualitative embedded single-case study approach focusing on two OCOGs (i.e. 2024 Paris Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games and the 2028 Los Angeles Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games) as the embedded units of analysis was conducted through an analysis of archival materials and interviews with key informants (n = 16) regarding innovation. Results suggest OCOGs experience various environmental, organizational, and individual drivers toward innovation but also encounter certain barriers (e.g. resistance to change, organizational characteristics, and knowledge limitations) that hinder the implementation of new practices. Suggestions are provided for ways OCOGs can enhance their innovation capabilities. This study adds a new dimension to sport event management literature by applying innovation concepts (i.e. organizational innovation) to the unique context of OCOGs, where innovation has become increasingly important in meeting stakeholder expectations. In doing so, this study contributes to the literature on innovation-related strategies and offers insight on how mega-sport event organizers can enhance their innovative capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to discuss, through the critical fabulation of Saidiya Hartman, the use of fabulation in the field of design history as a decolonizing methodological tool, as it challenges and problematizes notions of truth and neutrality in research and the boundaries of scientific writing. Assuming that all writing, even that which claims to be committed to reality, has elements of fiction, I argue that researchers in design can engage in writing that, with historical rigor, utilizes imagination not as a means of falsification but as a materialization of what is suggested in documents but escapes the possibility of verification. I conclude that fabulation can be employed as a means to imagine alternative occurrences, as a way to speculate on what cannot be answered through archival materials, and as a tactic for democratizing academic discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival writing material is an important carrier to record and reflect archival content, and its material and durability are closely related to the life of archives. The "Shuyede" press in Shandong Province, which originated in the reign of Kangxi (1662 AD–1722 AD) in the Qing dynasty, printed many important archives and ancient books of the Qing dynasty (1644 AD–1911 AD). In order to explore the material composition of woodblock printing ink from the Shuyede press, modern analytical and detection techniques such as scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were applied for the analysis and identification of the ink on woodblock plates from the Shuyede press. The results showed that two kinds of printing ink—pine soot ink and oil soot ink—used were in these woodblocks from the Shuyede press in the Qing dynasty in the collection of Shandong Museum, and the binding material in the ink was animal glue, indicating that both pine and oil soot inks were used as printing ink in the Qing dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the intricacies of fostering bottom-up educational initiatives aimed at addressing power imbalances in societies marked by intractable conflicts. Focusing on the establishment of a Palestinian-Jewish integrated bilingual education program in Israel, the study examines archival materials and stakeholder interviews to uncover the divergent motivations of politicians, educators, and administrators. It highlights the multifaceted nature of NGO-government negotiations, emphasizing the entanglement of contexts and the presence of internal conflicts within each entity. By exploring the ideological and operational challenges faced at different administrative levels, from national ministries to local municipalities, the paper provides a nuanced understanding of the support mechanisms for integrated bilingual schools. Findings call for an in-depth examination of these complex dynamics and their broader implications for educational policy and practice in conflict-affected settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of land in peripheral areas during Israel's first decade stemmed, it is generally held, from the discriminatory practices of Mapai, then the country's dominant political party, against Mizrahi Jews. The present article seeks to shed light on hitherto unexamined aspects of jurisdictional delineation, with a focus on the balance of power between Ofakim and the Merhavim Regional Council, and the circumstances, considerations and ramifications of the decisions taken by Israel's Ministry of Interior. Although the circumstances which led the Ministry to adopt its decisions entailed geographical segregation that led to potential economic inequality, the decisions themselves were not, as revealed by archival material, purposely discriminatory, at least not on ethnic grounds, and the economic inequality was not an inevitable result of those decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights California Revealed, a state initiative aimed at digitizing and providing access to California's archival materials. Topics include the project's mission to preserve audiovisual materials; the types of materials in the collection, including music, photographs, and local history resources; and the importance of open access, which allows researchers, educators, and community members.

At the turn of the twentieth century, American logging companies backed by the US colonial regime initiated extensive extraction in Bikol, Philippines. Industrial infrastructure and the involvement of a newly assembled Bikolano workforce left a profound imprint on the region's landscape. This article discusses a collaborative archaeological project that used archival materials, place-name analysis, ethnographic interviews, discussions with local scholars, satellite mapping, and drone-mounted lidar scans of former industrial sites. Findings shed light on the enduring ramifications of American logging in the early 1900s on settlement patterns, the infrastructure of routes and mobility, the state of industries from Philippine independence in 1946 through the 1980s, and ongoing environmental hazards. These findings emphasize the legacy of American empire, reveal the role of Filipino logging workers in shaping the landscape through settlement decisions, and uncover intricate connections across a pan-Pacific American colonial frontier that was shaped by both extractive and settler colonialism. This article adds to an emerging trend in Americanist archaeology in which archaeology investigates recent historical and even contemporary events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines William Sharman Crawford's participation in mid-nineteenth-century popular radicalism in England. Despite his unusual background as a wealthy Irish landlord and his limitations as a politician, Sharman Crawford emerged as an important figure in Chartism, especially during the early 1840s when he served as MP for Rochdale. His support from across Chartism resulted from his principled positions, particularly on suffrage, that demonstrated a commitment to democracy pursued through constitutional means. He emphasized the unjust nature of the exclusive legislation that resulted from an inadequate franchise and framed Chartist reforms as echoing past efforts in England and Ireland. Drawing on archival materials and the newspaper press, this article argues for Sharman Crawford's significance in bridging the divides of radicalism in this era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the contributions of five women to the introduction of social casework in probation assistance in the 1960s. These women, including Ruth Bang and Dora von Caemmerer from Germany, Rosa Dworschak from Austria, and Cora Baltussen and Marie Kamphuis from the Netherlands, made significant contributions to the modernization of German social work and paved the way for group work in probation assistance. The women were part of a transnational European knowledge network and participated in international conferences organized by the United Nations' European Social Welfare Program. Ruth Bang was a influential figure in probation assistance and published numerous publications on social casework and supervision. The text describes the work of probation officers and their training in social casework. It is mentioned that supervision was considered the only way to properly learn casework. Ruth Bang and Dora von Caemmerer were two important individuals who taught casework and supervision in Germany in the 1960s. The training of Albert Bickel and Cora Baltussen, who were also active in probation assistance, is also discussed. Rosa Dworschak is mentioned as another important person who had a psychoanalytic approach to casework. The text describes the professional backgrounds of Cora Baltussen and Marie Kamphuis, two women who made significant contributions to the development of social casework in Germany. Baltussen was a Catholic entrepreneur who established further education programs for casework and supervision in the Netherlands. Kamphuis was a social worker who advocated for professionalization of social work and published a textbook on social casework. Both women had different approaches and were supported by different networks, but they contributed to establishing social casework in Germany. The article focuses on the early days of probation assistance in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is mentioned that there was a lack of competent teaching staff and foreign experts were in high demand. The United Nations, foundations, and political programs promoted professional exchange. During this phase, women played a crucial role in the development of theoretical concepts and their implementation in practice. It is emphasized that the United Nations made a significant contribution to networking and Europeanization. It is also mentioned that the English probation concept influenced the discourse on the design of probation assistance in the Federal Republic. [Extracted from the article]

Penitentiary systems serve as breeding grounds for all kinds of diseases. Drawing upon new archival materials, this article examines the history of the management and reporting of epidemics in the Russian prison system from the late Imperial period to the present day. We use the case studies of cholera (1892-1893), typhus (1932-1933), and pulmonary tuberculosis (the 1990s) to examine how the general political and social conjuncture at different times affected the response of prison authorities to epidemics to show that, notwithstanding major shifts in society and polity, there was continuity in the management of epidemics by prison authorities in the long twentieth century. However, there were fundamental discrepancies in the way late Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet Russia reported epidemiological emergencies in prisons. We argue that Russia's tumultuous past has reinforced the tendency among the Russian penal administration towards a lack of transparency that has persisted to the present day, in relation to the latest, COVID-19, epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This literature review explores the use of digitized primary sources as a means of enhancing affective responses to the research process through proposed business librarian-led activities in the undergraduate business classroom. The literature review discusses the implementation of primary sources in the undergraduate business classroom through suggested classroom activities founded upon the ACRL RBMS-SAA Guidelines for Primary Source Literacy, intending to inspire the use of primary sources in other areas of study. Readers will learn how to connect course material to Archival Intelligence Theory; produce a lineup of primary sources meaningful to business students; explore the impact of affect and information-seeking behavior upon research; and consider potential assignment ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]