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6 results on '"ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Avenir L.S.E. ( 2011 )"'

1. Can shorter transfer chains and transparency reduce embezzlement?

Author

Marie Claire Villeval, David Masclet, Brice Magdalou, Marc Willinger, Salvatore Di Falco, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE28-0010,FELIS,Fraude et mensonges économiques : information et stratégies(2014), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 (CEE-M), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-LABX-0042,CORTEX,Construction, Fonction Cognitive et Réhabilitation du Cerveau(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Avenir L.S.E.(2011), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Sequential game, Transparency (market), 050204 development studies, media_common.quotation_subject, corruption, Monetary economics, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O19 - International Linkages to Development • Role of International Organizations, Embezzlement, Honesty, 0502 economics and business, Behavioral decision making, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D73 - Bureaucracy • Administrative Processes in Public Organizations • Corruption, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, 050207 economics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Community and Home Care, donations, transparency, experiment, 05 social sciences, Individual level, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Business, Laboratory experiment
Abstract

International audience; We study embezzlement when donations have to pass through intermediaries to reach recipients, by means of a sequential game tested in a laboratory experiment conducted in Tanzania. We investigate the impact on the amount embezzled of both the number of intermediaries in transfer chains and transparency about the donation. We show that donors are less generous in the presence of intermediaries. When transfer chains are shorter, aggregate embezzlement decreases, at least when donations are transparent. At the individual level, intermediaries embezzle less, the longer the transfer chain; this is due to less embezzlement at the beginning of the chain. We fail finding significant positive effects of transparency on the honesty of individual transfers through social judgment. JEL Codes: C91, D73, O19

Published
2020
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2. A Vaccine Platform against Arenaviruses Based on a Recombinant Hyperattenuated Mopeia Virus Expressing Heterologous Glycoproteins

Author

Stéphane Barron, Sylvain Baize, Elsie Laban Yekwa, Hervé Raoul, Audrey Page, Stéphanie Reynard, Mathieu Mateo, Xavier Carnec, Audrey Vallve, Laura Barrot, Jimmy Hortion, Caroline Picard, François Ferron, Caroline Carbonnelle, Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux-Inserm [Lyon] (Unité de service 3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Européen de Recherche en Virologie et Immunologie [Lyon] (Tour Inserm CERVI), This work was supported by the Fondation pour l'Innovation en Infectiologie (FINOVI) (Lyon, France), the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) (France), French National Research Agency grant ANR-11-BSV_019-02, and the Fondation Méditerranée Infection. This work was also supported by Labex Ecofect (grant ANR-11-LABX-0048, Lyon University) within the program Investissements d'Avenir (grant ANR-11-IDEX-0007, French National Research Agency)., ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), and ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Avenir L.S.E.(2011)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, viruses, MESH: Monkey Diseases/prevention & control, viral hemorrhagic fevers, MESH: Cricetinae, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Lassa Fever/prevention & control, MESH: Lassa Fever/virology, Cricetinae, Chlorocebus aethiops, MESH: Animals, Arenaviridae, Lassa fever, arenavirus, innate immunity, MESH: Arenaviridae/genetics, biology, MESH: Arenaviridae/immunology, Viral Vaccine, Monkey Diseases, Vaccination, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], 3. Good health, Hemorrhagic Fevers, MESH: Monkey Diseases/virology, MESH: HEK293 Cells, Interferon Type I, MESH: Lassa virus/immunology, MESH: Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/transmission, MESH: Lassa Fever/immunology, MESH: Interferon Type I/immunology, MESH: Viral Vaccines/immunology, Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral, live-vector vaccines, Immunology, MESH: Vero Cells, MESH: Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/pathology, Vaccines, Attenuated, Microbiology, Virus, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Vaccines and Antiviral Agents, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Lassa virus, Vero Cells, Arenavirus, MESH: Humans, MESH: Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology, Viral Vaccines, MESH: Monkey Diseases/immunology, MESH: Vaccination, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Cercopithecus aethiops, MESH: Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/immunology, MESH: Exoribonucleases/metabolism, MESH: Cell Line, Macaca fascicularis, HEK293 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Macaca fascicularis, MESH: Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/virology, Insect Science, Junin virus, Exoribonucleases
Abstract

Several Old World and New World arenaviruses are responsible for severe endemic and epidemic hemorrhagic fevers, whereas other members of the Arenaviridae family are nonpathogenic. To date, no approved vaccines, antivirals, or specific treatments are available, except for Junín virus. However, protection of nonhuman primates against Lassa fever virus (LASV) is possible through the inoculation of the closely related but nonpathogenic Mopeia virus (MOPV) before challenge with LASV. We reasoned that this virus, modified by using reverse genetics, would represent the basis for the generation of a vaccine platform against LASV and other pathogenic arenaviruses. After showing evidence of exoribonuclease (ExoN) activity in NP of MOPV, we found that this activity was essential for multiplication in antigen-presenting cells. The introduction of multiple mutations in the ExoN site of MOPV NP generated a hyperattenuated strain (MOPV ExoN6b ) that is (i) genetically stable over passages, (ii) has increased immunogenic properties compared to those of MOPV, and (iii) still promotes a strong type I interferon (IFN) response. MOPV ExoN6b was further modified to harbor the envelope glycoproteins of heterologous pathogenic arenaviruses, such as LASV or Lujo, Machupo, Guanarito, Chapare, or Sabia virus in order to broaden specific antigenicity while preserving the hyperattenuated characteristics of the parental strain. Our MOPV-based vaccine candidate for LASV, MOPEVAC LASV , was used in a one-shot immunization assay in nonhuman primates and fully protected them from a lethal challenge with LASV. Thus, our hyperattenuated strain of MOPV constitutes a promising new live-attenuated vaccine platform to immunize against several, if not all, pathogenic arenaviruses. IMPORTANCE Arenaviruses are emerging pathogens transmitted to humans by rodents and responsible for endemic and epidemic hemorrhagic fevers of global concern. Nonspecific symptoms associated with the onset of infection make these viruses difficult to distinguish from other endemic pathogens. Moreover, the unavailability of rapid diagnosis in the field delays the identification of the virus and early care for treatment and favors spreading. The vaccination of exposed populations would be of great help to decrease morbidity and human-to-human transmission. Using reverse genetics, we generated a vaccine platform for pathogenic arenaviruses based on a modified and hyperattenuated strain of the nonpathogenic Mopeia virus and showed that the Lassa virus candidate fully protected nonhuman primates from a lethal challenge. These results showed that a rationally designed recombinant MOPV-based vaccine is safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in nonhuman primates.

Published
2018
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3. Comparison of five one-step reconstruction algorithms for spectral CT

Author

Salim Si-Mohamed, Bruno Sixou, Simon Rit, Cyril Mory, Loic Boussel, 4 - Imagerie Tomographique et Radiothérapie, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé ( CREATIS ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Service de Radiologie et IRM [CHU Lyon], Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), This work was performed within the framework of the EU’s H2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No. 633937, the SIRIC LYric Grant INCa-DGOS-4664, and the LABEX PRIMES (ANR-11-LABX-0063) of Université de Lyon, within the program 'Investissements d’Avenir' (ANR-11-IDEX-0007) operated by the ANR., ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-LABX-0063,PRIMES,Physique, Radiobiologie, Imagerie Médicale et Simulation ( 2011 ), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Avenir L.S.E. ( 2011 ), Imagerie Tomographique et Radiothérapie, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Imagerie et modélisation Vasculaires, Thoraciques et Cérébrales (MOTIVATE), ANR-11-LABX-0063,PRIMES,Physique, Radiobiologie, Imagerie Médicale et Simulation(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2012), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Photons, Tomographic reconstruction, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Phantoms, Imaging, Computer science, Bayes Theorem, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Photon counting, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quadratic equation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithm, Algorithms
Abstract

Over the last decade, dual-energy CT scanners have gone from prototypes to clinically available machines, and spectral photon counting CT scanners are following. They require a specific reconstruction process, consisting of two steps: material decomposition and tomographic reconstruction. Image-based methods perform reconstruction, then decomposition, while projection-based methods perform decomposition first, and then reconstruction. As an alternative, 'one-step inversion' methods have been proposed, which perform decomposition and reconstruction simultaneously. Unfortunately, one-step methods are typically slower than their two-step counterparts, and in most CT applications, reconstruction time is critical. This paper therefore proposes to compare the convergence speeds of five one-step algorithms. We adapted all these algorithms to solve the same problem: spectral photon-counting CT reconstruction from five energy bins, using a three materials decomposition basis and spatial regularization. The paper compares a Bayesian method which uses non-linear conjugate gradient for minimization (Cai et al 2013 Med. Phys. 40 111916-31), three methods based on quadratic surrogates (Long and Fessler 2014 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 33 1614-26, Weidinger et al 2016 Int. J. Biomed. Imaging 2016 1-15, Mechlem et al 2018 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 37 68-80), and a primal-dual method based on MOCCA, a modified Chambolle-Pock algorithm (Barber et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 3784). Some of these methods have been accelerated by using μ-preconditioning, i.e. by performing all internal computations not with the actual materials the object is made of, but with carefully chosen linear combinations of those. In this paper, we also evaluated the impact of three different μ-preconditioners on convergence speed. Our experiments on simulated data revealed vast differences in the number of iterations required to reach a common image quality objective: Mechlem et al (2018 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 37 68-80) needed ten iterations, Cai et al (2013 Med. Phys. 40 111916-31), Long and Fessler (2014 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 33 1614-26) and Weidinger et al (2016 Int. J. Biomed. Imaging 2016 1-15) several hundreds, and Barber et al (2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 3784) several thousands. We also sum up other practical aspects, like memory footprint and the need to tune extra parameters.

Published
2018
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4. Interplay between the Hepatitis B Virus and Innate Immunity: From an Understanding to the Development of Therapeutic Concepts

Author

Suzanne Faure-Dupuy, David Durantel, Julie Lucifora, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), D.D. and J.L. have received academic grants from the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM, core institutional grants), the French National Agency for Research on AIDS andViral Hepatitis (ANRS, several grants from CSS4), the Foundation for Innovation in Infectiology (FINOVI), the Foundation for Medical Research (FRM, DEQ20110421327), as well as industrial support, through collaborativeresearch contracts, from Hoffmann-La-Roche (pRED, Basel, Switzerland), Gilead Sciences (Foster city, CA, USA) and Novira Therapeutics (Doylestown, PA, USA). S.F.D. is the recipient of an ANRS funding (CSS4) for her thesis work. D.D. was also supported by the DEVweCAN LABEX (ANR-10-LABX-0061) of the 'Université de Lyon', within the program 'Investissements d’Avenir' (ANR-11-IDEX-0007), operated by the ANRS., ANR-10-LABX-0061,DEVWECAN,Development Cancer and Targeted Therapies(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), faure-dupuy, suzanne, Development Cancer and Targeted Therapies - - DEVWECAN2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0061 - LABX - VALID, PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE - - Avenir L.S.E.2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0007 - IDEX - VALID, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon ( CRCL ), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/10-LABX-0061,DEVWECAN,Development Cancer and Targeted Therapies ( 2011 ), and ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Avenir L.S.E. ( 2011 )

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cell type, Hepatitis B virus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Review, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Immune system, Hepatitis B, Chronic, Virology, medicine, HBV, Animals, Humans, innate immunity, Innate immune system, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Innate lymphoid cell, CCL18, viral escape, liver immunity, Dendritic Cells, Acquired immune system, Hepatitis B, Immunity, Innate, 3. Good health, Killer Cells, Natural, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Lymphatic system, Liver, Immunology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, immune therapeutic concepts, Natural Killer T-Cells
Abstract

International audience; The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes, which are the main cell type composing a human liver. However, the liver is enriched with immune cells, particularly innate cells (e.g., myeloid cells, natural killer and natural killer T-cells (NK/NKT), dendritic cells (DCs)), in resting condition. Hence, the study of the interaction between HBV and innate immune cells is instrumental to: (1) better understand the conditions of establishment and maintenance of HBV infections in this secondary lymphoid organ; (2) define the role of these innate immune cells in treatment failure and pathogenesis; and (3) design novel immune-therapeutic concepts based on the activation/restoration of innate cell functions and/or innate effectors. This review will summarize and discuss the current knowledge we have on this interplay between HBV and liver innate immunity.

Published
2017
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5. Endoluminal high-resolution MR imaging protocol for colon walls analysis in mouse model of colitis

Author

Olivier Beuf, Hervé Saint-Jalmes, Raphaël Sablong, Hugo Dorez, Sophie Gaillard, Driffa Moussata, Laurence Canaple, RMN et optique : De la mesure au biomarqueur, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Plateforme d'Imagerie Multimodale LyonTech (PILoT), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), This work was supported by the LABEX PRIMES (ANR-11-LABX-0063) of 'Université de Lyon', within the program 'Investissements d’Avenir' (ANR-11-IDEX-0007) operated by the French National Research Agency (ANR)., ANR-11-LABX-0063,PRIMES,Physique, Radiobiologie, Imagerie Médicale et Simulation(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-LABX-0063,PRIMES,Physique, Radiobiologie, Imagerie Médicale et Simulation(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Avenir L.S.E.(2011), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), 5 - RMN et optique : De la mesure aux biomarqueurs, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé ( CREATIS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon ( IGFL ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image ( LTSI ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CRLCC Eugène Marquis ( CRLCC ), Plateforme d'Imagerie Multimodale LyonTech ( PILoT ), DOREZ, Hugo, Physique, Radiobiologie, Imagerie Médicale et Simulation - - PRIMES2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0063 - LABX - VALID, PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE - - Avenir L.S.E.2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0007 - IDEX - VALID, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, and CHRU Tours

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Materials science, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Colon, Slice thickness, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, High resolution, Health Informatics, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, Imaging Tool, Onions, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Solid State Physics, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Colitis, Image resolution, Instrumentation, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Phantoms, Imaging, Imaging / Radiology, Rectum, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Mr imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease Models, Animal, Electromagnetic coil, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Computer Appl. in Life Sciences, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Radiology, Colorectal Neoplasms, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

International audience; Objective - An endoluminal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol including the design of an endoluminal coil (EC) was defined for high-spatial-resolution MR imaging of mice gastrointestinal walls at 4.7 T. Materials and methods - A receive-only radiofrequency single-loop coil was developed for mice colon wall imaging. Combined with a specific protocol, the prototype was first characterized in vitro on phantoms and on vegetables. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) profiles were compared with a quadrature volume birdcage coil (QVBC). Endoluminal MR imaging protocol combined with the EC was assessed in vivo on mice. Results - The SNR measured close to the coil is significantly higher (10 times and up to 3 mm of the EC center) than the SNR measured with the QVBC. The gain in SNR can be used to reduce the in-plane pixel size up to 39 × 39 µm(2) (234 µm slice thickness) without time penalty. The different colon wall layers can only be distinguished on images acquired with the EC. Conclusion - Dedicated EC provides suitable images for the assessment of mice colon wall layers. This proof of concept provides gains in spatial resolution and leads to adequate protocols for the assessment of human colorectal cancer, and can now be used as a new imaging tool for a better understanding of the pathology.

Published
2016
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6. Laser technologies for the development of carbon materials on flexible substrates for environmental analytical microsystems

Author

Chiranjeevi Maddi, Florent Bourquard, Teddy Tite, Zehani, N., Philippe Fortang, S Loir, A., Vincent Barnier, Philippe Namour, Florence Lagarde, Teresa-Cristina Rojas, Juan Carlos Sanchez-Lopez, Carole Chaix, Jaffrezic-Renault, N., Krzysztof Wolski, Donnet, C., Florence GARRELIE, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Interfaces & biosensors - Interfaces & biocapteurs, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMSE), Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), SIMS - Surfaces-(bio)Interfaces - Micro & Nano Systèmes (2011-2014), Département Mécanique physique et interfaces (MPI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SMS, Centre Science des Matériaux et des Structures (SMS-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Programme Avenir Lyon-Saint-Etienne (ANR-11-IDEX-0007) of Université de Lyon, within the program 'Investissements d'Avenir' operated by the French National Research Agency (ANR)., ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Instituto de Scienca de Materiales de Sevilla, SIMS - Surfaces-(bio)Interfaces - Micro & Nano Systèmes, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Avenir L.S.E.(2011)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

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