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1. Canopy area of large trees explains aboveground biomass variations across neotropical forest landscapes

Author: Marcus Vinicio Neves d'Oliveira, Michael Keller, Victoria Meyer, Jérôme Chave, Fernando Del Bon Espírito-Santo, Grégoire Vincent, Antonio Ferraz, David B. Clark, Dahlia Kaki, Sassan Saatchi, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T), University of Missouri System, USDA Forest Service, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Leicester, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR: Labex TULIP,TULIP,ANR-10-LABX-0041, ANR-11-INBS-0001/11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Victoria Meyer, California Institute of Technology/CNRS Université Paul Sabatier, Sassan Saatchi, California Institute of Technology, David B. Clark, University of Missouri, Michael Keller, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Grégoire Vincent, IRD, António Ferraz, California Institute of Technology, Fernando Espírito-Santo, University of Leicester, MARCUS VINICIO NEVES D OLIVEIRA, CPAF-Acre, Dahlia Kaki, California Institute of Technology, Jérôme Chave, CNRS Université Paul Sabatier., California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Missouri University of Science and Technology ( Missouri S&T ), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations ( UMR AMAP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation ( Embrapa ), Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia ( 2010 ), ANR : Labex TULIP,TULIP,ANR-10-LABX-0041, ANR-11-INBS-0001/11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services ( 2011 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Life, Dossel, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Basal area, Teledetección, Biomass, Estoque, Inventario forestal, Raio Laser, Biomass (ecology), Lidar, French guiana, Biomassa aérea, Inventário Florestal, Logging, Crown (botany), lcsh:QE1-996.5, Reservorios de carbono, Aboveground biomass, Remote sensing, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Large tropical trees, Brazil, Woody plant, Sensoriamento Remoto, Costa Rica, Cubierta forestal, [ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Panama, Neotropical forests, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, Floresta neotropical, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Tropical rain forest, Carbono, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Planicies antiguas, Tree canopy, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Lasers, Carbon sinks, Planícies antigas, 15. Life on land, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Carbon, Forest canopy, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, South america, Bosques neotropicales, Physical geography, lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDV.BID.SPT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Old-grow lowland, Forest inventory
Abstract: Large tropical trees store significant amounts of carbon in woody components and their distribution plays an important role in forest carbon stocks and dynamics. Here, we explore the Properties of a new lidar-derived index, the large tree canopy area (LCA) defined as the area occupied by canopy above a reference height. We hypothesize that this simple measure of forest structure representing the crown area of large canopy trees could consistently explain the landscape variations in forest volume and aboveground biomass (AGB) across a range of climate and edaphic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we assembled a unique dataset of high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) and ground inventory data in nine undisturbed old-growth Neotropical forests, of which four had plots large enough (1 ha) to calibrate our model.We found that the LCA for trees greater than 27m (~25?30 m) in height and at least 100m2 crown size in a unit area (1 ha), explains more than 75% of total forest volume variations, irrespective of the forest biogeographic conditions. When weighted by average wood density of the stand, LCA can be used as an unbiased estimator of AGB across sites (R2=0.78, RMSE=46.02Mgha-1, bias=-0.63Mgha-1). Unlike other lidar-derived metrics with complex nonlinear relations to biomass, the relationship between LCA and AGB is linear and remains unique across forest types. A comparison with tree inventories across the study sites indicates that LCA correlates best with the crown area (or basal area) of trees with diameter greater than 50 cm. The spatial invariance of the LCA?AGB relationship across the Neotropics suggests a remarkable regularity of forest structure across the landscape and a new technique for systematic monitoring of large trees for their contribution to AGB and changes associated with selective logging, tree mortality and other types of tropical forest disturbance and dynamics. Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-10T00:32:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 26626.pdf: 7114722 bytes, checksum: e7ffe14893657e9c0d19ee67a945ff01 (MD5) 26626suplemento.pdf: 8581750 bytes, checksum: 6dac6c588eb62712e98b0ca551e7f3bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-08
Published: 2018

2. The predatory behavior of the Neotropical social wasp Polybia rejecta

Author: Héctor Rodríguez-Pérez, Frédéric Azémar, Bruno Corbara, James M. Carpenter, Alain Dejean, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Invertebrate Zoology [New York], American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Financial support for this study was provided by an 'Investissement d’Avenir' grants managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement - ECOLAB ( ECOLAB ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane ( ECOFOG ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH ), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne ( LMGE ), Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia ( 2010 )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, [ SDV.BA.ZI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Prey detection, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Wasps, Predation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nesting Behavior, Epiponini, Behavioral Neuroscience, Social Facilitation, Predatory behavior, Nest, Polistinae, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Epiponine wasps, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vespidae, prey selection, Ecology, ved/biology, Polybia rejecta, General Medicine, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Predatory Behavior, Visual Perception, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Recruitment, Cues, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; We experimentally studied the predatory behavior of Polybia rejecta (Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini) towards 2-88 mm-long insects attracted to a UV light trap. Foragers, which began to hunt at 6:30, selected 4-14 mm-long prey insects. Prey detection by sight by hovering wasps was confirmed using decoys. After the wasps landed and walked along a sinuous path, prey were detected by contact or from a distance (1-3cm). This was followed by seizure, stinging (contrarily to most other known cases), prey manipulation and retrieval. Prey that flew off might be caught in flight. The prey load, representing 30.7% of a forager's weight, was optimized by capturing up to six small prey or two medium-sized prey successively (both of which might be consumed in situ). The foragers cut off the wings of larger prey or cut them into two pieces and returned to gather the second piece. The handling time increased exponentially with the weight of the prey. Partial loading (i.e., retrieving a load much inferior to the maximum possible) was likely related to social facilitation, a form of nest-based recruitment that was demonstrated through the experimental elimination of local enhancement by removing foragers (both mechanisms favor the exploitation of favorable patches).
Published: 2017

3. Virus mediated trophic interactions between aphids and their natural enemies

Author: Dupont, Corentin, Michiels, Alexandra, Sochard, Corentin, Dardenne, Nathalie, Meyer, Sophie, Brault, Veronique, Outreman, Yannick, Sentis, Arnaud, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02/10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2011), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02/11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: natural enemies’ susceptibility, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, food and beverages, densovirus infection, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, physiological costs, behavioural defences, life-history traits, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: post-print; International audience; Microbial endosymbiontsalter the phenotype of their host which may have cascading effects at both population and community levels. However, we currently lack information on whether the effects of viruses on both host phenotypic traits and host population demography can modify interactions with upper trophic levels. To fill this gap, we investigated whether a prevalent densovirus infecting the aphid Myzus persicae(i.e. MpDNV) can modify trophic interactions between host aphids and their natural enemies (i.e. predators and parasitoids) by influencing aphid phenotypic traits (i.e. body mass and defensive behaviours), population demography (i.e. density and age-structure) and susceptibility towards both predation and parasitism. We found that the virus decreased aphid body mass but did not influence their behavioural defences. At the population level,the virus had a minor effect on aphid adult mortality whereas it strongly reduced the density of nymphs and influenced the stage structure of aphid populations. In addition, the virusenhanced the susceptibility of aphids to parasitism regardless of the parasitoid species. Predation rate on adult aphids was not influenced by the virus but ladybeetle predators strongly decreased the number of aphid nymphs, especially for uninfected ones compared to infected ones. As a result, the virus decreased predator effect on aphid populations. By reducing both aphid quality and availability, increasing their susceptibility to parasitism, and modulating predator effect on aphid populations, we highlighted that viral endosymbionts can be prevalent drivers of their host ecology as they modify their phenotypes and interspecific interactions. These virus-mediated ecological effects may have consequences on enemies foraging strategies as well as trophic webs dynamics and structure.
Published: 2020

4. Ecological response to altered rainfall differs across the Neotropics

Author: Dimaris Acosta Mercado, Régis Céréghino, Sarah L. Amundrud, Ignacio M. Barberis, Bruno Corbara, Edd Hammill, Alice B. A. Campos, Céline Leroy, Emilio Realpe, Paula M. de Omena, Nicholas A. C. Marino, Trisha B. Atwood, Olivier Dézerald, Gustavo Q. Romero, Jean-François Carrias, M. Kurtis Trzcinski, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Guillermo Montero, Fabiola Ospina-Bautista, Rodrigo Freire, Gustavo C. O. Piccoli, A. Andrew M. MacDonald, Pablo A. P. Antiqueira, Juliana S. Leal, Diane S. Srivastava, University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (UPR-M), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario [Zavalla] (IICAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias [Zavalla] (FCAGR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe]-Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Utah State University (USU), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidad de Caldas [Manizales, Colombia], ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), University of British Columbia, Université de Toulouse, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Campus, Université Montpellier, Université des Antilles), Université Clermont-Auvergne, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Université de Lorraine, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Utah State University, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Andes University, Universidad de Caldas, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Climate Change, Rain, macroinvertebrates, Climate change, Precipitation, Biology, contingency, precipitation, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Contingency, Hydrology (agriculture), Freshwater, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Distributed experiment, Animals, Ecosystem, freshwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate, Biomass (ecology), Phytotelmata, Macroinvertebrates, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, Tropics, Global change biology, global change biology, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Invertebrates, distributed experiment, Droughts, Habitat, 13. Climate action, phytotelmata, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:58:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada University of British Columbia Universidad de los Andes Labex Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes Agence Nationale de la Recherche Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) There is growing recognition that ecosystems may be more impacted by infrequent extreme climatic events than by changes in mean climatic conditions. This has led to calls for experiments that explore the sensitivity of ecosystems over broad ranges of climatic parameter space. However, because such response surface experiments have so far been limited in geographic and biological scope, it is not clear if differences between studies reflect geographic location or the ecosystem component considered. In this study, we manipulated rainfall entering tank bromeliads in seven sites across the Neotropics, and characterized the response of the aquatic ecosystem in terms of invertebrate functional composition, biological stocks (total invertebrate biomass, bacterial density) and ecosystem fluxes (decomposition, carbon, nitrogen). Of these response types, invertebrate functional composition was the most sensitive, even though, in some sites, the species pool had a high proportion of drought-tolerant families. Total invertebrate biomass was universally insensitive to rainfall change because of statistical averaging of divergent responses between functional groups. The response of invertebrate functional composition to rain differed between geographical locations because (1) the effect of rainfall on bromeliad hydrology differed between sites, and invertebrates directly experience hydrology not rainfall and (2) the taxonomic composition of some functional groups differed between sites, and families differed in their response to bromeliad hydrology. These findings suggest that it will be difficult to establish thresholds of “safe ecosystem functioning” when ecosystem components differ in their sensitivity to climatic variables, and such thresholds may not be broadly applicable over geographic space. In particular, ecological forecast horizons for climate change may be spatially restricted in systems where habitat properties mediate climatic impacts, and those, like the tropics, with high spatial turnover in species composition. Departmetn of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Ecolab Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement CNRS UPS INPT Université de Toulouse Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Campus AMAP IRD CIRAD CNRS INRA Université Montpellier, CEDEX-5 ECOFOG (AgroParisTech CIRAD CNRS INRA Université de Guyane Université des Antilles) CNRS LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement) Université Clermont-Auvergne Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity Department of Animal Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario IICAR-CONICET-UNR Universidad Nacional de Rosario Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC)-CNRS UMR 7360 Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux INRA Agrocampus-Ouest Ecology and Ecosystem Health, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center Utah State University Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Department of Zoology and Botany University of São Paulo State (UNESP/IBILCE) Department of Biological Sciences Andes University Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Caldas Department of Zoology and Botany University of São Paulo State (UNESP/IBILCE) FAPESP: # 2016/01209-9 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 01209-9 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 04603-4 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 0877 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 2012 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes: 2012-1 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 2012-1 FAPESP: 2012/51143-3 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 2014 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 2014-9 FAPESP: 2014/04603-4 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 2016 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 400454 Universidad Nacional de Rosario: 51143-3 Agence Nationale de la Recherche: ANR-10-LABX-25-01 Agence Nationale de la Recherche: ANR-12-BSV7-0022-01 Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica: PICT-2010-1614 CAPES: PNPD-CAPES 2013/0877 PNPD-CAPES 2014/04603-4
Published: 2020

5. Tree communities and soil properties influence fungal community assembly in neotropical forests

Author: Gaelle Jaouen, Jason Vleminckx, Audrey Sagne, Julien Engel, Christopher Baraloto, Heidy Schimann, Sophie Manzi, Eliane Louisanna, Mélanie Roy, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biological Sciences [Miami], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Florida International University (FIU), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, habitat, Rainforest, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity, Trees, forest, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Polyporales, macrofungi, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecological niche, Diversity, biology, Ecology, Communities, Macrofungi, Soil chemistry, Tropics, trees, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, communities, lowland neotropical rain, Habitat, Lowland neotropical rain forest, composition, soil properties, Soil water, Species richness, Soil properties, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Composition
Abstract: The influence exerted by tree communities, topography, and soil chemistry on the assembly of macrofungal communities remains poorly understood, especially in highly diverse tropical forests. Here, we used a large dataset that combines inventories of macrofungal Basidiomycetes fruiting bodies, tree species composition, and measurements for 16 soil physicochemical parameters, collected in 34 plots located in four sites of lowland rain forests in French Guiana. Plots were established on three different topographical conditions: hilltop, slope, and seasonally flooded soils. We found hyperdiverse Basidiomycetes communities, mainly comprising members of Agaricales and Polyporales. Phosphorus, clay contents, and base saturation in soils strongly varied across plots and shaped the richness and composition of tree communities. The latter composition explained 23% of the variation in the composition of macrofungal communities, probably through high heterogeneity of the litter chemistry and selective effects of biotic interactions. The high local heterogeneity of habitats influenced the distribution of both macrofungi and trees, as a result of diversed local soil hydromorphic conditions associated with contrasting soil chemistry. This first regional study across habitats of French Guiana forests revealed new niches for macrofungi, such as ectomycorrhizal ones, and illustrates how macrofungi inventories are still paramount to can be to understand the processes at work in the tropics. in Spanish is available with online material.
Published: 2020

6. Forests and emerging infectious diseases: Unleashing the beast within

Author: Julien Cappelle, Jean-François Guégan, Ahidjo Ayouba, Benoit de Thoisy, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Comité National Francais Changements Globaux (CNFCG), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Mivegec, HAL, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), and Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, IMPACT, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, L73 - Maladies des animaux, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, human pathogen, General Environmental Science, disease transmission, environmental impacts, NIPAH VIRUS, Geography, Systematic review, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, GLOBAL TRENDS, HOST-RANGE, ecology, Infection risk, environmental impacts KeyWords Plus:LAND-USE CHANGE, Agent pathogène, emerging infectious diseases, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, MALARIA, Deforestation, Ecosystem, Forest clearing, ZONE FORESTIERE, Environmental planning, Transmission des maladies, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, forests, ZOONOTIC DISEASE, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Impact sur l'environnement, 15. Life on land, Déboisement, TOXOPLASMA-GONDII, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Maladie infectieuse, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, DEFORESTATION, Nexus (standard)
Abstract: Deforestation and associated changing landscapes are major components of environmental changes, with important implications for ecosystem functioning and biodiversity conservation. Tropical forests are hot spots of biodiversity and provide multiple goods and ecosystem services which benefit people in many ways. Forests also play an important role in health-related legends, myths, and fairy tales from all over the world, and are important sources of new potential emerging microbial threats to humans. Although plausibly numerous abundant microbial forms with a forest origin may exist, our systematic literature review shows that forest-derived infection studies are relatively unexplored, and both taxonomically and geographically biased. Since biodiversity has been associated with emergence of novel infectious diseases at macro-scale, we describe the main biogeographical patterns in the emerging infection-biodiversity-forest loss nexus. Then, we illustrate four fine-scale case studies to decipher the underlying processes of increased infection risk in changing forest clearing landscapes. Finally, we identify scientific challenges and regional management measures required to mitigate these important new emerging threats.
Published: 2020

7. Towards the optimization of botanical insecticides research: Aedes aegypti larvicidal natural products in French Guiana

Author: Guillaume Odonne, Claudiane Flora, Isabelle Dusfour, Jean-Charles Robinson, Didier Stien, Didier Azam, Emeline Houël, Michaël Falkowski, Seindé Touré, Didier Bereau, Yannick Estevez, Véronique Eparvier, Arnaud Jahn-Oyac, Isabelle Boulogne, Jean Issaly, Maïra Coke, Philippe Petit, Pascal Gaborit, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Ecologie, évolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe), Université des Antilles (UA), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR Qualisud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Unité d'Ecologie et Ecotoxicologie Aquatiques (UEEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), PIERRE FABRE-EDF (EDF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This work is part of the INSECTICIDES project funded by Europe (European Regional Development Fund Operational Programme, PRESAGE N°31220), French Guiana Regional Council and the Air Liquide Foundation. This research was part of the Laboratory of Excellence 'Centre de la Biodiversité Amazonienne' [Labex CEBA (CEBA, ref ANR-10-LABX-25-01)] and of the STRonGer consortium (Institut Pasteur de la Guyane). This work benefited from an 'Investissement d'Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Infrastructure Nationale en Biologie Santé 'ANAEE-France' ANR-11-INBS-0001) through the use of the U3E INRA1036 PEARL platform., ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0001/11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Insecticides, Mosquito Control, Veterinary (miscellaneous), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Costaceae, Aedes aegypti, Humiriaceae, Celastraceae, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Animals, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Screening optimization, biology, Traditional medicine, Plant Extracts, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Mosquito larvicides, Lauraceae, 030108 mycology & parasitology, 15. Life on land, Piperaceae, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, Amazonian chemodiversity, Infectious Diseases, Culicidae, Insect Science, Larva, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Chemical defense, Parasitology, Cupania, Quasi-Poisson generalized linear model, Costus
Abstract: International audience; Natural products have proven to be an immeasurable source of bioactive compounds. The exceptional biodiversity encountered in Amazonia, alongside a rich entomofauna and frequent interactions with various herbivores is the crucible of a promising chemodiversity. This prompted us to search for novel botanical insecticides in French Guiana. As this French overseas department faces severe issues linked to insects, notably the strong incidence of vector-borne infectious diseases, we decided to focus our research on products able to control the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We tested 452 extracts obtained from 85 species originating from 36 botanical families and collected in contrasted environments against an Ae. aegypti laboratory strain susceptible to all insecticides, and a natural population resistant to both pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides collected in Cayenne for the most active of them. Eight species (Maytenus oblongata Reissek, Celastraceae; Costus erythrothyrsus Loes., Costaceae; Humiria balsamifera Aubl., Humiriaceae; Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff, Lauraceae; Piper hispidum Sw., Piperaceae; Laetia procera (Poepp.) Eichl., Salicaceae; Matayba arborescens (Aubl.) Radlk., Sapindaceae; and Cupania scrobitulata Rich., Sapindaceae) led to extracts exhibiting more than 50% larval mortality after 48 h of exposition at 100 µg/mL against the natural population and were considered active. Selectivity and phytochemistry of these extracts were therefore investigated and discussed, and some active compounds highlighted. Multivariate analysis highlighted that solvents, plant tissues, plant family and location had a significant effect on mortality while light, available resources and vegetation type did not. Through this case study we highlighted that plant defensive chemistry mechanisms are crucial while searching for novel insecticidal products.
Published: 2020

8. Maripa Virus RNA Load and Antibody Response in Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, French Guiana

Author: Anne Lavergne, Hatem Kallel, Séverine Matheus, Claire Mayence, Dominique Rousset, Vincent Lacoste, Stéphanie Houcke, Benoit de Thoisy, Bhety Labeau, David Moua, Alexandre Roux, Damien Donato, Didier Hommel, Laetitia Bremand, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This study was supported in part by the Centre National de Référence des Hantavirus Laboratoire Associé financed by the Institut Pasteur de la Guyane and Santé Publique France (Saint-Maurice, France). This study benefited from the RESERVOIRS program, which is supported by the European Regional Development Fund and Fonds Européen de Developpement Régional, and received assistance from Région Guyane and Direction Régionale pour la Recherche et la Technologie and Investissement d’Avenir grants managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA ANR-10-LABEX-25-01)., We thank Sandrine Fernandes-Pellerin and Nathalie Jolly for their helpful expertise on ethics issues relevant to this study. In addition, we acknowledge Thierry Carage for his assistance., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Orthohantavirus, Epidemiology, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, hantavirus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/mortality, Medicine, MESH: Hantavirus / immunology, MESH: Aged, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, MESH: RNA, Viral/blood, Dispatch, MESH: Hantavirus/immunology, MESH: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis, Middle Aged, Viral Load, MESH: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome / virology, French Guiana, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, arboviruses, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, Maripa virus, MESH: RNA, Viral / blood, Antibody, MESH: Viral Load, Viral load, Maripa Virus RNA Load and Antibody Response in Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, French Guiana, Adult, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome / diagnosis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, MESH: Hantavirus/isolation & purification, Virus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, MESH: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome / mortality, MESH: French Guiana, MESH: Hantavirus / isolation & purification, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, MESH: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology, Aged, Hantavirus, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, MESH: Humans, business.industry, lcsh:R, RNA, MESH: Adult, antibody response, Virology, MESH: Male, 030104 developmental biology, Antibody response, biology.protein, business
Abstract: International audience; We report viral RNA loads and antibody responses in 6 severe human cases of Maripa virus infection (2 favorable outcomes) and monitored both measures during the 6-week course of disease in 1 nonfatal case. Further research is needed to determine prevalence of this virus and its effect on other hantaviruses.
Published: 2018

9. A New High-Throughput Tool to Screen Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Zika Virus Endemic/Epidemic Areas

Author: Yvon Perrin, Mawlouth Diallo, Frédéric Jourdain, Amandine Guidez, Xavier de Lamballerie, Marie Vazeille, Isabelle Dusfour, Anubis Vega-Rúa, Davy Jiolle, Johana Restrepo, Lena Yousfi, Géraldine Piorkowski, Fabrice Chandre, Alioune Gaye, Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu, Sara Moutailler, Anna-Bella Failloux, Merril Wongsokarijo, Tessa M. Visser, Sandrine Chantilly, Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt, Diawo Diallo, Laurence Mousson, Christophe Paupy, Taissa Pereira dos Santos, Sébastien Boyer, Ricardo Lourenço de Oliveira, Arnaud Cannet, Veasna Duong, Elodie Devillers, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre national d'expertise des vecteurs, Montpellier (CNEV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Collectivité Territoriale de Guyane (CTG), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Public Health Central Laboratory of Suriname, Public health, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under ZIKAlliance Grant Agreement no. 734548. The project also received funding from the 2014 PTR Anses-Institut Pasteur project (N° 511) for CHIPARBO, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under EVAg Grant Agreement no. 653316, and from an 'Investissement d’Avenir' ‘grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA ANR-10-LABX-2501 grant) supporting the project TIGERAMAZON.. The French General Directorate of Health funded the work performed in Guadeloupe and French Guiana. The Programme Opérationnel FEDER-Guadeloupe-Conseil Régional 2014–2020 (grant 2015-FED-192) supported the researchers from Guadeloupe., We thank Christelle Delannay and the staff of the Regional Health Agency of Guadeloupe for their support during the sampling campaigns, ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé
Subjects: Male, Endemic Diseases, mosquito-borne viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, lcsh:QR1-502, Pilot Projects, Disease Vectors, molecular epidemiology, lcsh:Microbiology, Zika virus, Human health, Pandemic, Laboratory of Entomology, Guadeloupe, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Suriname, biology, Zika Virus Infection, virus diseases, PE&RC, Senegal, French Guiana, 3. Good health, Epidemiological Monitoring, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, surveillance, RNA, Viral, Enzootic, Female, Cambodia, Brazil, Context (language use), Mosquito Vectors, Arbovirus Infections, Arbovirus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Epidemics, 030304 developmental biology, 030306 microbiology, fungi, Zika Virus, Mosquito-borne viruses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Laboratorium voor Entomologie, Virology, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Culicidae, Vector (epidemiology), microfluidic analysis, Arboviruses
Abstract: Mosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses affecting animal and human health. Arboviruses circulate primarily within an enzootic cycle and recurrent spillovers contribute to the emergence of human-adapted viruses able to initiate an urban cycle involving anthropophilic mosquitoes. The increasing volume of travel and trade offers multiple opportunities for arbovirus introduction in new regions. This scenario has been exemplified recently with the Zika pandemic. To incriminate a mosquito as vector of a pathogen, several criteria are required such as the detection of natural infections in mosquitoes. In this study, we used a high-throughput chip based on the BioMark&trade, Dynamic arrays system capable of detecting 64 arboviruses in a single experiment. A total of 17,958 mosquitoes collected in Zika-endemic/epidemic countries (Brazil, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Suriname, Senegal, and Cambodia) were analyzed. Here we show that this new tool can detect endemic and epidemic viruses in different mosquito species in an epidemic context. Thus, this fast and low-cost method can be suggested as a novel epidemiological surveillance tool to identify circulating arboviruses.
Published: 2019

10. Low to medium-low risk perception for dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreaks by infectious diseases physicians in France, Western Europe

Author: Le Tyrant, Marion, Bley, Daniel, Leport, Catherine, Alfandari, Serge, Guégan, Jean-François, Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), département des maladies infectieuses [CH Tourcoing], Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This study has been financed by two French programmes 'Investissement d’Avenir' Labex DRIIHM, (ANR-11-LABX-0010) and LabEx CEBA (ANR-10-LABX-25-01). Marion Le Tyrant received a 3-years PhD fellowship from LabEx DRIIHM. Jean-François Guégan is supported by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the Institut national de la recherche agronomique, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Montpellier., ANR-11-LABX-0010/11-LABX-0010,LabEx DRIIHM,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Guegan, Jean-Francois, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Bodescot, Myriam, Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux - - DRIIHM / IRDHEI2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0010 - LABX - VALID, and Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID
Subjects: Male, Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika, Infectious diseases physicians, Risk perception, Vector-borne disease, Western Europe, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue fever, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Infectious Disease Medicine, Transmission (medicine), Zika Virus Infection, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Europe, Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Attitude of Health Personnel, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Context (language use), Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Physicians, Humans, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chikungunya Fever, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: Background Many tropical countries are currently experiencing dengue (DEN), chikungunya (CHIK) and also more recently Zika (ZIKA) epidemics (particularly in Latin America). Although the risk of transmission and spread of these infections in temperate regions remains a controversial issue, vector-borne diseases have been widely reported in the media and have been the focus of preventive strategies by national and international policy-makers and public health authorities. In this context, we wanted to determine the extent of risk perception in infectious diseases (ID) physicians of the current and future risk of arboviral disease introduction, autochthonous case development and epidemic scenarios in France, Western Europe. Methods To this aim, we developed an original standardized questionnaire survey which was disseminated by the French Infectious Diseases Society to ID physician members. Results We found that ID physicians perceived the risk of introduction and outbreak development of DEN, CHIK and ZIKA in France to be low to medium-low. Generalized Linear Model(s) identified medical school training, the extent of professional experience, and awareness of the French national plan regarding arboviral infections as significant predictors for lower risk perception among respondents. Conclusion Despite the fact that arboviral diseases are increasingly being imported into France, sometimes resulting in sporadic autochtonous transmission, French ID physicians do not perceive the risk as high. Better communication and education targeting health professionals and citizens will be needed to enhance the effectiveness of the French national plan to prepare against arboviral diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7317-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019

11. Temperature rising would slow down tropical forest dynamic in the Guiana Shield

Author: Guillaume Cornu, Bruno Hérault, Vivien Rossi, Mélaine Aubry-Kientz, Fabien Wagner, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Hot Temperature, Biome, lcsh:Medicine, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Trees, Basal area, 0302 clinical medicine, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomass, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Temperature, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Tropical ecology, Climatology, Forêt, Écosystème forestier, Guyana, Rainforest, F40 - Écologie végétale, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Climate Change, Climate change, Models, Biological, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Shield, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, Changement climatique, Tropical Climate, lcsh:R, South America, 15. Life on land, Summary statistics, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Réchauffement global, Climate-change impacts, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Increasing evidence shows that the functioning of the tropical forest biome is intimately related to the climate variability with some variables such as annual precipitation, temperature or seasonal water stress identified as key drivers of ecosystem dynamics. How tropical tree communities will respond to the future climate change is hard to predict primarily because several demographic processes act together to shape the forest ecosystem general behavior. To overcome this limitation, we used a joint individual-based model to simulate, over the next century, a tropical forest community experiencing the climate change expected in the Guiana Shield. The model is climate dependent: temperature, precipitation and water stress are used as predictors of the joint growth and mortality rates. We ran simulations for the next century using predictions of the IPCC 5AR, building three different climate scenarios (optimistic RCP2.6, intermediate, pessimistic RCP8.5) and a control (current climate). The basal area, above-ground fresh biomass, quadratic diameter, tree growth and mortality rates were then computed as summary statistics to characterize the resulting forest ecosystem. Whatever the scenario, all ecosystem process and structure variables exhibited decreasing values as compared to the control. A sensitivity analysis identified the temperature as the strongest climate driver of this behavior, highlighting a possible temperature-driven drop of 40% in average forest growth. This conclusion is alarming, as temperature rises have been consensually predicted by all climate scenarios of the IPCC 5AR. Our study highlights the potential slowdown danger that tropical forests will face in the Guiana Shield during the next century. The tropical forests cover accounts for 25% of the terrestrial carbon pool, and therefore plays an essential role on carbon cycle and storage 1,2. Higher atmospheric CO 2 concentration might increase carbon uptake, maintaining the carbon sink historical role of tropical forests 3. But recent droughts linked to El Nino phenomenon have weakened this carbon sink 4-7 , highlighting the dependence of tropical forest dynamics on the global Earth climate. On the other hand, tropical forest dynamic, through tree growth and mortality, itself impacts carbon storage and cycle, and provides important feedbacks on climate change. In this context, more and more efforts are being made to describe the long-term impact interplays between climate change and tropical forest functioning 8-13. Recently, the impacts of exceptional droughts have been coaching more attention, first because droughts are predicted to be more frequent and severe in the tropics 14 , and second because tropical forests have already suffered from past severe droughts 15-17. Massive tree mortality have been observed after droughts 18,19 , potentially caused by hydraulic failure and/or carbon starvation 20 , and affecting more severely large trees 19,21. Beyond exceptional droughts and other long-term changes in water availability, temperatures are also expected to rise and the dry season length to increase over the next century in Amazonia 14,22. These changes will likely impact tree dynamics 23,24 , and dynamic global vegetation models (DVGMs) sometimes predict a shift toward drier forests or even savannas 25. Coarse scale DGVMs allow efficient large-scale carbon cycle prediction with little input data, relying on a wide set of mechanistic assumptions 26. These models were initially developed to simulate ecosystem carbon fluxes, they
Published: 2019

12. How significant are endophytic fungi in bromeliad seeds and seedlings?

Author: Arthur QuyManh Maes, Eliane Louisanna, Nathalie Séjalon-Delmas, Céline Leroy, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Plant growth, Survival, Endophytic fungi, Germination, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Aechmea, Botany, Endophytic fungi Fusarium spp, Fusarium spp, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trichoderma spp, Ecology, biology, Ecological Modeling, Illumina miseq, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Bromeliads, Seedling, Plant species, Vertical transmission, Epiphyte, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; In bromeliads, nothing is known about the associations fungi form with seeds and seedling roots. We investigated whether fungal associations occur in the seeds and seedling roots of two epiphytic Aechmea species, and we explored whether substrate and fungal associations contribute to seed germination, and seedling survival and performance after the first month of growth. We found a total of 21 genera and 77 species of endophytic fungi in the seeds and seedlings for both Aechmea species by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The fungal associations in seeds were found in the majority of corresponding seedlings, suggesting that fungi are transmitted vertically. Substrate quality modulated the germination and growth of seedlings, and beneficial endophytic fungi were not particularly crucial for germination but contributed positively to survival and growth. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of an endophytic fungal community in both the seeds and seedlings of two epiphytic bromeliads species that subsequently benefit plant growth.
Published: 2019

13. Chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse tropical tree community

Author: Jean-Marc Frigerio, Rémy J. Petit, Ivan Scotti, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, Alain Franc, Philippe Chaumeil, Daniel Sabatier, Patrick Léger, Jean-François Molino, Henri Caron, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), from patterns to models in computational biodiversity and biotechnology (PLEIADE), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherches Forestières Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: ANR-10-LABX-0025, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Grant/Award Number: Bibliotheque du vivant, Speed@ ID and projet innovant EFPA-INRA., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes [Avignon] (URFM 629), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, ANR ‐10 ‐LABX ‐25 ‐01, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tropical trees, codage, Introgression, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Genetic diversity, Coalescent theory, chloroplast DNA, hybridization, Original Research, Species diversity, arbre tropical, 0303 health sciences, Vegetal Biology, chloroplaste, Ecology, adn, genetic diversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, French Guiana, Chloroplast DNA, guyane, diversité génétique, introgression, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, incomplete lineage sorting, species diversity, tropical trees, Hybridization, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Incomplete lineage sorting, Evolutionary biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, hybridation, Biologie végétale
Abstract: Sequences have been deposited in the R-SYST databank (https://github.com/r-syst/databases/tree/master/r-syst::plants) and NCBI under accession number KX247940–KX249593. The list of studied species, including genus size, seed dispersal syndrome and cpDNA variation, is available at https://github.com/r-syst/databases/tree/master/r-syst::plants. In this list, chloroplast haplotype designation is consistent within each genus.; International audience; We investigate chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse community of tropical rainforest trees in French Guiana, focusing on patterns of intraspecific and interspecific variation. We test whether a species genetic diversity is higher when it has congeners in the community with which it can exchange genes and if shared haplotypes are more frequent in genetically diverse species, as expected in the presence of introgression. We sampled a total of 1,681 individual trees from 472 species corresponding to 198 genera and sequenced them at a noncoding chloroplast DNA fragment. Polymorphism was more frequent in species that have congeneric species in the study site than in those without congeners (30% vs. 12%). Moreover, more chloroplast haplotypes were shared with congeners in polymorphic species than in monomorphic ones (44% vs. 28%). Despite large heterogeneities caused by genus-specific behaviors in patterns of hybridization, these results suggest that the higher polymorphism in the presence of congeners is caused by local introgression rather than by incomplete lineage sorting. Our findings suggest that introgression has the potential to drive intraspecific genetic diversity in species-rich tropical forests.
Published: 2019

14. Toward a large-scale and deep phenological stage annotation of herbarium specimens: Case studies from temperate, tropical, and equatorial floras

Author: Erick Mata-Montero, Titouan Lorieul, Jennifer M. Yost, Joel Sachs, Elizabeth R. Ellwood, Katelin D. Pearson, Patrick W. Sweeney, Pamela S. Soltis, Jean-François Molino, Alexis Joly, Pierre Bonnet, Gil Nelson, Hervé Goëau, Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Montpellier (UM), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University [New Haven], California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Florida Museum of Natural History [Gainesville], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Costa Rica Institute of Technology [Cartago] (TEC), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida [Gainesville], and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, visual data, Collection botanique, convolutional neural network, herbarium data, Plant Science, Phenological stage annotation, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Stage (stratigraphy), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Herbier, Automatisation, Invited Special Article, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Phenology, Flore, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Classification, phenological stage annotation, classification, Phénologie, Application Article, Natural history collections, F40 - Écologie végétale, natural history collections, Convolutional neural network, Biology, For the Special Issue: Emerging Frontiers in Phenological Research, 010603 evolutionary biology, Visual data classification, Herbarium data, 03 medical and health sciences, Annotation, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Temperate climate, Application Articles, Plant phenology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, deep learning, Deep learning, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Herbarium, Physical geography, Réseau de neurones, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map)
Abstract: Premise of the Study: Phenological annotation models computed on large‐scale herbarium data sets were developed and tested in this study. Methods: Herbarium specimens represent a significant resource with which to study plant phenology. Nevertheless, phenological annotation of herbarium specimens is time‐consuming, requires substantial human investment, and is difficult to mobilize at large taxonomic scales. We created and evaluated new methods based on deep learning techniques to automate annotation of phenological stages and tested these methods on four herbarium data sets representing temperate, tropical, and equatorial American floras. Results: Deep learning allowed correct detection of fertile material with an accuracy of 96.3%. Accuracy was slightly decreased for finer‐scale information (84.3% for flower and 80.5% for fruit detection). Discussion: The method described has the potential to allow fine‐grained phenological annotation of herbarium specimens at large ecological scales. Deeper investigation regarding the taxonomic scalability of this approach is needed.
Published: 2019

15. Estimating leaf mass per area and equivalent water thickness based on leaf optical properties: potential and limitations of physical modeling and machine learning

Author: Gabriel Hmimina, Albert Porcar-Castell, Sylvain Jay, G. Le Maire, Yann Nouvellon, Christophe Proisy, A. Cheraiet, Ryad Bendoula, Jérôme Chave, J.C. Oliveira, M.-J. Lefevre-Fonollosa, F. de Boissieu, Jean-Philippe Gastellu-Etchegorry, Daniel Berveiller, Twinkle Solanki, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Flávio Jorge Ponzoni, Kamel Soudani, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), TOSCA program grant of the French Space Agency (CNES) (HyperTropik project), International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT project), CAPES, EUCFLUX project of Forestry Science and Research Institute (IPEF), SOERE F-ORE-T, ANAEE-F, (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01), (ANAEE-France: ANR-11-INBS-0001), Ecofor, Allenvi, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SEG-CEMUC, Université de Coimbra, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), ANR: 10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR: 11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: Support vector machine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Radiative transfer model, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Shortwave infrared, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], MODELING, Biomasse, apprentissage machine, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Leaf spectroscopy, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Indice de surface foliaire, Prévention des incendies, Geology, Regression analysis, VEGETAÇÃO, Biophysical properties, Informatique, Reflectivity, Propriété optique, MACHINE LEARNING, RISK MANAGEMENT, F40 - Écologie végétale, Spectroscopie infrarouge, Soil Science, Machine learning, fire hazards [EN], Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, LEAF, LMA, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computers in Earth Sciences, EWT, Modélisation environnementale, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Leaf mass per area, Vegetation, Optimal estimation, business.industry, Inversion (meteorology), 15. Life on land, Végétation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, ECOSYSTEM, Artificial intelligence, Réduction des risques d'incendie, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, computer
Abstract: International audience; Leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT) are key leaf functional traits providing information for many applications including ecosystem functioning modeling and fire risk management. In this paper, we investigate two common conclusions generally made for LMA and EWT estimation based on leaf optical properties in the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) domains: (1) physically-based approaches estimate EWT accurately and LMA poorly, while (2) statistically-based and machine learning (ML) methods provide accurate estimates of both LMA and EWT. Using six experimental datasets including broadleaf species samples of >150 species collected over tropical, temperate and boreal ecosystems, we compared the performances of a physically-based method (PROSPECT model inversion) and a ML algorithm (support vector machine regression, SVM) to infer EWT and LMA based on leaf reflectance and transmittance. We assessed several merit functions to invert PROSPECT based on iterative optimization and investigated the spectral domain to be used for optimal estimation of LMA and EWT. We also tested several strategies to select the training samples used by the SVM, in order to investigate the generalization ability of the derived regression models. We evidenced that using spectral information from 1700 to 2400 nm leads to strong improvement in the estimation of EWT and LMA when performing a PROSPECT inversion, decreasing the LMA and EWT estimation errors by 55% and 33%, respectively. The comparison of various sampling strategies for the training set used with SVM suggests that regression models show limited generalization ability, particularly when the regression model is applied on data fully independent from the training set. Finally, our results demonstrate that, when using an appropriate spectral domain, the PROSPECT inversion outperforms SVM trained with experimental data for the estimation of EWT and LMA. Thus we recommend that estimation of LMA and EWT based on leaf optical properties should be physically-based using inversion of reflectance and transmittance measurements on the 1700 to 2400 nm spectral range.
Published: 2019

16. Wood density variations of legume trees in French Guiana along the shade tolerance continuum: Heartwood effects on radial patterns and gradients

Author: Jacques Beauchêne, Hélène Morel, Romain Lehnebach, Nadine Amusant, Stéphanie Va, Julie Bossu, Eric-André Nicolini, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: FEDER, ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, legumes, Continuum (design consultancy), F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, forêt tropicale, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, heartwood extractives, Shade tolerance, Legume, Biomass (ecology), Forestry, Fabaceae, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, French Guiana, Accroissement du diamètre, Habit (biology), Pith, Tree species, Woody plant, densité du bois, sapwood, Bois de coeur, Biology, Arbre, 010603 evolutionary biology, shade tolerance, Bois de réaction, wood density variations, growth–mortality rate, lcsh:QK900-989, 15. Life on land, tropical tree species, K10 - Production forestière, Ombrage, growth-mortality rate, lcsh:Plant ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, heartwood, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Increasing or decreasing wood density (WD) from pith to bark is commonly observed in tropical tree species. The different types of WD radial variations, long been considered to depict the diversity of growth and mechanical strategies among forest guilds (heliophilic vs. shade-tolerant), were never analyzed in the light of heartwood (HW) formation. Yet, the additional mass of chemical extractives associated to HW formation increases WD and might affect both WD radial gradient (i.e., the slope of the relation between WD and radial distance) and pattern (i.e., linear or nonlinear variation). We studied 16 legumes species from French Guiana representing a wide diversity of growth strategies and positions on the shade-tolerance continuum. Using WD measurements and available HW extractives content values, we computed WD corrected by the extractive content and analyzed the effect of HW on WD radial gradients and patterns. We also related WD variations to demographic variables, such as sapling growth and mortality rates. Regardless of the position along the shade-tolerance continuum, correcting WD gradients reveals only increasing gradients. We determined three types of corrected WD patterns: (1) the upward curvilinear pattern is a specific feature of heliophilic species, whereas (2) the linear and (3) the downward curvilinear patterns are observed in both mid- and late-successional species. In addition, we found that saplings growth and mortality rates are better correlated with the corrected WD at stem center than with the uncorrected value: taking into account the effect of HW extractives on WD radial variations provides unbiased interpretation of biomass accumulation and tree mechanical strategies. Rather than a specific feature of heliophilic species, the increasing WD gradient is a shared strategy regardless of the shade tolerance habit. Finally, our study stresses to consider the occurrence of HW when using WD
Published: 2019

17. Scaling issues of neutral theory reveal violations of ecological equivalence for dominant Amazonian tree species

Author: Pos, Edwin, Guevara, Juan Ernesto, Molino, Jean‐françois, Sabatier, Daniel, Bánki, Olaf S., Pitman, Nigel C.a., Mogollón, Hugo F., García‐villacorta, Roosevelt, Neill, David, Phillips, Oliver L., Cerón, Carlos, Ríos Paredes, Marcos, Núñez Vargas, Percy, Dávila, Nállarett, Fiore, Anthony Di, Rivas‐torres, Gonzalo, Thomas‐caesar, Raquel, Vriesendorp, Corine, Young, Kenneth R., Tirado, Milton, Wang, Ophelia, Sierra, Rodrigo, Mesones, Italo, Zagt, Roderick, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Ahuite Reategui, Manuel A., Palacios Cuenca, Walter, Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H., Ter Steege, Hans, Swenson, Nathan, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador] (UDLA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Duke University [Durham], University of Edinburgh, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), Dept Integrat Biol, Missouri Botanical Garden, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Naturalis Biodiversity Center, ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Letter, neutral theory, Tree inventory, Amazonian, Rare species, Niche, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Species Specificity, Letters, Equivalence (measure theory), Scaling, Amazon, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Mathematics, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, species composition, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Habitat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Neutral theory of molecular evolution, betadiversity
Abstract: International audience; Neutral models are often used as null models, testing the relative importance of niche versus neutral processes in shaping diversity. Most versions, however, focus only on regional scale predictions and neglect local level contributions. Recently, a new formulation of spatial neutral theory was published showing an incompatibility between regional and local scale fits where especially the number of rare species was dramatically under-predicted. Using a forward in time semi-spatially explicit neutral model and a unique large-scale Amazonian tree inventory data set, we show that neutral theory not only underestimates the number of rare species but also fails in predicting the excessive dominance of species on both regional and local levels. We show that although there are clear relationships between species composition, spatial and environmental distances, there is also a clear differentiation between species able to attain dominance with and without restriction to specific habitats. We conclude therefore that the apparent dominance of these species is real, and that their excessive abundance can be attributed to fitness differences in different ways, a clear violation of the ecological equivalence assumption of neutral theory.
Published: 2019

18. Mechanical stress in the inner bark of 15 tropical tree species and the relationship with anatomical structure

Author: Bruno Clair, Léopold Doumerc, Tancrède Alméras, Romain Lehnebach, Bois (BOIS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0020/10-LABX-0020,NUMEV,Digital and Hardware Solutions and Modeling for the Environement and Life Sciences(2010), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0020,NUMEV,Digital and Hardware Solutions and Modeling for the Environement and Life Sciences(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, bark anatomical structure, Plant Science, Biology, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Postural control, Botany, tropical species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, secondary phloem, sclereids, mechanical stress, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Trellis (architecture), 15. Life on land, Sclereid, Radial growth, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bark, tree biomechanics, Tree species, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Recent studies have shown that the inner bark is implicated in the postural control of inclined tree stems through the interaction between wood radial growth and tangential expansion of a trellis fiber network in bark. Assessing the taxonomic extent of this mechanism requires a screening of the diversity in bark anatomy and mechanical stress. The mechanical state of bark was measured in 15 tropical tree species from various botanical families on vertical mature trees, and related to the anatomical structure of the bark. Significant tensile or compressive longitudinal stresses were observed in the stems of most species. Tensile longitudinal stress was observed in various botanical families and was always associated with fibers arranged in a trellis-like structure and strong dilatation of rays. The highest tensile stress was recorded in species with gelatinous fibers forming a treillis. Compressive stress was typically associated with a large amount of sclereids in the bark, supporting the differentiation of sclereids as a potential origin of the generation of longitudinal compressive stresses in bark. In species exhibiting both a fibrous trellis structure and a significant amount of sclereids, the sign of longitudinal stress may depend on the balance between these two mechanisms.; De récentes études ont mis en évidence que l'écorce interne est impliquée dans le maintien de la posture des tiges inclinées grâce à l'interaction entre la croissance radiale du bois et l'extension tangentielle d'un réseau de fibres en treillis dans l'écorce. L'évaluation de l'étendue taxonomique de ce mécanisme requiert une analyse plus importante de la diversité des structures anatomiques et des états de contrainte de l'écorce. L'état mécanique de l'écorce a été mesuré chez 15 espèces tropicales de diverses familles botaniques sur des arbres adultes verticaux, et mis en relation avec sa structure anatomique. Des contraintes longitudinales significatives ont été mises en évidence chez la plupart des espèces. Selon l'espèce, ces contraintes consistaient soit en une tension soit en une compression. La contrainte de tension longitudinale, observée ici sur diverses familles botaniques, était toujours associée à des fibres arrangées en treillis et une forte dilatation des rayons. La tension la plus forte a été mesurée chez les espèces cumulant la structure de fibres en treillis et la présence de couches gélatineuses. La contrainte de compression est typiquement associée à une grande quantité de sclérites, suggérant que la différenciation de sclérites est potentiellement impliquée dans la genèse de contraintes longitudinales de compression dans l'écorce. Chez les espèces, présentant à la fois une structure de fibres en treillis et une quantité significative de sclérites, le signe de la contrainte longitudinale pourrait dépendre de la balance entre ces deux mécanismes.
Published: 2019

19. Ecology of termites from the genus Nasutitermes (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) and potential for science-based development of sustainable pest management programs

Author: Alice M. S Rodrigues, Nadine Amusant, Isabelle Boulogne, Emeline Houël, Michaël Falkowski, Reginaldo Constantino, Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe), Université des Antilles (UA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF (EDF)-PIERRE FABRE-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Europe (ERDF OP), French Guiana Regional Council, Air Liquide Foundation, 'Investissement d'Avenir' grant [ANR-10-LABX-25-01], ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PIERRE FABRE-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: K50 - Technologie des produits forestiers, 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Nasutitermes, Phylogénie, Identification, Entomology, Taxonomic history, Nasutitermes corniger, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Termitidae, Insecticide, Ecology, Composition chimique, Extrait d'origine végétale, Taxonomy (biology), L20 - Écologie animale, Organisme nuisible, Insecticide d'origine végétale, Distribution géographique, Biogeography, Biogéographie, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Bois, J12 - Manutention, transport, stockage et conservation des produits forestiers, Antimicrobial and insecticidal botanical extracts, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Extrait de bois, Taxonomie, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Lutte biologique, 010602 entomology, Sustainable management, Insect Science, Préservation du bois, Écologie animale, Conformation animale, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; The genus Nasutitermes is among the most abundant wood-feeding Termitidae and an extremely diverse and heterogeneous group in terms of its biogeography and morphology. Despite the major role of several Nasutitermes species as structural pests, the phylogenetic status of this genus is still unclear, along with a confused taxonomy and species identification remaining difficult. The first aim of this review was thus to gather and discuss studies concerning the taxonomic status of the genus Nasutitermes in order to clarify this crucial point. Then, our goal was to gain new insights into the management of N. corniger, considered to be the most economically detrimental pest of this genus in South America and a Nasutitermes model species, while filtering available information concerning its biology through the prism of termite control, as well as critically examine the existing methods. We indeed strongly believe that increasing our knowledge of this species’ biological strategies is the key to progress in the challenging question of their sustainable management.
Published: 2016

20. The macroecology of cancer incidences in humans is associated with large-scale assemblages of endemic infections

Author: Gabriele Sorci, Jean-François Guégan, Camille Jacqueline, Jessica L. Abbate, Benjamin Roche, Frédéric Thomas, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), ANR-14-CE14-0020,STORY,Communautés de pathogènes: une association de malfaiteurs(2014), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer ( CREEC ), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Montpellier ( MIVEGEC ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR224-Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] ( UMMISCO ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop ( UCAD ) -Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 (Cameroun)-University Cadi Ayyad ( UCA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), ANR-14-CE14-0020,STORY,Communautés de pathogènes: une association de malfaiteurs ( 2014 ), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia ( 2010 )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Endemic Diseases, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Microbiology, Biomes, Helicobacter Infections, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, Schistosomiasis haematobia, Environmental health, Neoplasms, Pathogen-cancer interactions, Epidemiology of cancer, Genetics, medicine, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, Humans, Stomach cancer, Molecular Biology, Data mining, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Human cancer incidences, Bladder cancer, Cancer prevention, biology, Incidence, Cancer, Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Hepatitis C, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Neglected diseases, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Female, Public Health, Public health strategies, Liver cancer, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 8 pages; International audience; It is now well supported that 20% of human cancers have an infectious causation (i.e., oncogenic agents). Accumulating evidence suggests that aside from this direct role, other infectious agents may also indirectly affect cancer epidemiology through interactions with the oncogenic agents within the wider infection community. Here, we address this hypothesis via analysis of large-scale global data to identify associations between human cancer incidence and assemblages of neglected infectious agents. We focus on a gradient of three widely-distributed cancers with an infectious cause: bladder (~2% of recorded cancer cases are due to Shistosoma haematobium), liver (~60% consecutive to Hepatitis B and C infection) and stomach (Helicobacter pylori is associated with ~70% of cases). We analyzed countries in tropical and temperate regions separately, and controlled for many confounding social and economic variables. First, we found that particular assemblages of bacteria are associated with bladder cancer incidences. Second, we observed a specific and robust association between helminths and liver cancer incidences in both biomes. Third, we show that certain assemblages of viruses may facilitate stomach cancer in tropical area, while others protect against its development in temperate countries. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results in terms of cancer prevention and highlight the necessity to consider neglected diseases, especially in tropics, to adapt public health strategies against infectious diseases and cancer.
Published: 2018

21. Satellite passive microwaves reveal recent climate-induced carbon losses in African drylands

Author: Jinfeng Chang, Yann Kerr, Wenmin Zhang, Martin Brandt, Torbern Tagesson, Laura Vang Rasmussen, Philippe Ciais, Compton J. Tucker, Lei Fan, Josep Peñuelas, Jérôme Chave, Rasmus Fensholt, Feng Tian, Arnaud Mialon, Aleixandre Verger, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Kjeld Rasmussen, Guy Schurgers, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Amen Al-Yaari, Cheikh Mbow, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, START International Inc, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02/10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2011), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: Aboveground carbon, Vegetation optical depth, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, 0208 environmental biotechnology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Carbon Cycle, Deforestation, Forest ecology, Biomass, Spacecraft, Microwaves, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Africa South of the Sahara, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Land area, 020801 environmental engineering, Environmental sciences, Physical Geography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Remote Sensing Technology, Environmental science, Satellite, Carbon, Climate-change impacts
Abstract: International audience; The African continent is facing one of the driest periods in the past three decades as well as continued deforestation. These disturbances threaten vegetation carbon (C) stocks and highlight the need for improved capabilities of monitoring large-scale aboveground carbon stock dynamics. Here we use a satellite dataset based on vegetation optical depth derived from low-frequency passive microwaves (L-VOD) to quantify annual aboveground biomass-carbon changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2016. L-VOD is shown not to saturate over densely vegetated areas. The overall net change in drylands (53% of the land area) was −0.05 petagrams of C per year (Pg C yr$^{−1}$) associated with drying trends, and a net change of −0.02 Pg C yr$^{−1}$ was observed in humid areas. These trends reflect a high inter-annual variability with a very dry year in 2015 (net change, −0.69 Pg C) with about half of the gross losses occurring in drylands. This study demonstrates, first, the applicability of L-VOD to monitor the dynamics of carbon loss and gain due to weather variations, and second, the importance of the highly dynamic and vulnerable carbon pool of dryland savannahs for the global carbon balance, despite the relatively low carbon stock per unit area.
Published: 2018

22. Weak environmental controls on the composition and diversity of medium and large-sized vertebrate assemblages in neotropical rain forests of the Guiana Shield

Author: Thomas Denis, Olivier Brunaux, Stéphane Guitet, Bruno Hérault, Cécile Richard-Hansen, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Réserve de Montabo, Office National des Forêts (ONF), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency [ANR-10-LABX-0025], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Beta diversity, Biodiversity, Rainforest, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, biology.animal, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, mammals, functional traits, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, spatial patterns, biodiversity, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Vertebrate, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, refugia hypothesis, birds, Spatial ecology, Alpha diversity, L20 - Écologie animale, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Despite their often high-trophic position and their contribution to many ecosystem functions, little is known about the factors affecting assemblage structure of medium- and large-sized neotropical vertebrates. We examined the relative roles played by the physical and biological environment, and by purely spatial processes, in shaping the composition and diversities of these vertebrate assemblages. Then, based on the theory that the Guianan forest cover shrank to isolated pockets during the late Pleistocene–Holocene, we tested if the past forest refugia may have shaped current vertebrate assemblages. Location: French Guiana, Guiana Shield, South America. Methods: Abundances of 19 medium- and large-sized vertebrates were estimated at 21 locations in undisturbed Guianan rain forests. Using taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic metrics, we partitioned the effects of a range of physical and biological environmental conditions and purely spatial predictors in shaping both assemblage composition and (alpha and beta) diversities. Results: We identified a significant, but weak relationship between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic assemblage composition and environmental conditions. Assemblage diversity patterns were mainly explained by spatial predictors irrespective of the metrics. Current assemblage diversities are correlated with Pleistocene–Holocene forest history, with the highest alpha diversities outside of putative forest refugia, and the highest beta diversities inside these areas. Main conclusions: Current vertebrate assemblage composition is not strongly marked by common environmental factors. Our main conclusion is that assemblage composition results from individual species responses to the environment. Our findings also suggest that dispersal-related processes or more probably historical processes shape (alpha and beta) diversity patterns. In fact, forest fragmentation during Pleistocene–Holocene climate changes could have led to isolated vertebrate assemblages evolving into unique species assemblages creating the current high beta diversity inside refugia, whereas the lower habitat stability outside of refugia could have led to mixed assemblages in areas recolonized by forest vertebrates (current high alpha diversity outside of refugia)
Published: 2018

23. Antiplasmodial activities of dyes against Plasmodium falciparum asexual and sexual stages: Contrasted uptakes of triarylmethanes Brilliant green, Green S (E142), and Patent Blue V (E131) by erythrocytes

Author: Leba, Louis-Jérôme, Popovici, Jean, Estevez, Yannick, Pelleau, Stéphane, Legrand, Eric, Musset, Lise, DUPLAIS, Christophe, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Guyane (UG), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Génétique et Génomique des Insectes vecteurs, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by European commission (REGPOT-CT-2011-285837-STRonGer), by Institut Pasteur (ACIP A10-2013) and by Investissement d’Avenir of the ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01), We thank MR4 for providing us Plasmodium falciparum 7G8 (MRA-926 contributed by Thomas Wellems) and 3D7 (MRA-102 contributed by Daniel J. Carucci) malaria parasites., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 285837,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2011-1,STRONGER(2011), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme - Région Antilles-Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: Drug uptake, Erythrocytes, DAD, diode array detector, Plasmodium falciparum, Food dyes, HEPES, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid, Article, WHO, World Health Organization, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Lissamine Green Dyes, ND, not determined, parasitic diseases, Rosaniline Dyes, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum, NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance, Coloring Agents, Brilliant green, Life Cycle Stages, TRAM, triarylmethane, Plant Extracts, RBC, red blood cells, Culture Media, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Triarylmethanes, LD, lethal dose, Antimalarial dyes, ATP, adenoside triphosphate, HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography, IC, inhibitory concentration, Transmission blocking, SD, standard deviation, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: The search for safe antimalarial compounds acting against asexual symptom-responsible stages and sexual transmission-responsible forms of Plasmodium species is one of the major challenges in malaria elimination programs. So far, among current drugs approved for human use, only primaquine has transmission-blocking activity. The discovery of small molecules targeting different Plasmodium falciparum life stages remains a priority in antimalarial drug research. In this context, several independent studies have recently reported antiplasmodial and transmission-blocking activities of commonly used stains, dyes and fluorescent probes against P. falciparum including chloroquine-resistant isolates. Herein we have studied the antimalarial activities of dyes with different scaffold and we report that the triarylmethane dye (TRAM) Brilliant green inhibits the growth of asexual stages (IC50 ≤ 2 μM) and has exflagellation-blocking activity (IC50 ≤ 800 nM) against P. falciparum reference strains (3D7, 7G8) and chloroquine-resistant clinical isolate (Q206). In a second step we have investigated the antiplasmodial activities of two polysulfonated triarylmethane food dyes. Green S (E142) is weakly active against P. falciparum asexual stage (IC50 ≃ 17 μM) whereas Patent Blue V (E131) is inactive in both antimalarial assays. By applying liquid chromatography techniques for the culture supernatant analysis after cell washings and lysis, we report the detection of Brilliant green in erythrocytes, the selective uptake of Green S (E142) by infected erythrocytes, whereas Patent Blue V (E131) could not be detected within non-infected and 3D7-infected erythrocytes. Overall, our results suggest that two polysulfonated food dyes might display different affinity with transporters or channels on infected RBC membrane., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Dyes are tested against P. falciparum 3D7, 7G8 lines, CQ-resistant field isolate Q206. • Brilliant green is active against asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. • Food dye Green S (E142) is weakly active against Plasmodium falciparum asexual forms. • Food dye Green S (E142) is found in the cellular content of infected erythrocytes. • Polysulfonated triarylmethane possibly interact with plasmodial surface anion channel.
Published: 2017

24. Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer inSimaroubatension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress

Author: Bruno Clair, Jean-Romain Roussel, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), ANR-12-BS09-0004,StressInTrees,Approche couplée physiologique et micro-mécanique de la génération des contraintes de maturation dans le bois de tension(2012), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Physiology, Simarouba amara, Plant Science, Simarouba, Lignin, Cell wall, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Wall, Botany, biology, Chemistry, Microscopy, Ultraviolet, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Wood, Tropical rain forest, ontogeny, G-layer, Tension (geology), tension wood cell wall, lignification, Simarouba amara Aubl, Stress, Mechanical, tree biomechanics, maturation stress generation, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; To recover verticality after disturbance, angiosperm trees produce " tension wood " allowing them to bend actively. The driving force of the tension has been shown to take place in the G-layer, a specific unlignified layer of the cell wall observed in most temperate species. However, in tropical rain forests, the G-layer is often absent and the mechanism generating the forces to reorient trees remains unclear. A study was carried out on tilted seedlings, saplings and adult Simarouba amara trees – a species known to not produce a G-layer. Microscopic observations were done on sections of normal and tension wood after staining or observed under UV light to assess the presence/absence of lignin. We showed that S. amara produces a cell-wall layer with all of the characteristics typical of G-layers, but that this G-layer can be observed only as a temporary stage of the cell-wall development because it is masked by a late lignification. Being thin and lignified, tension wood fibres cannot be distinguished from normal wood fibres in the mature wood of adult trees. These observations indicate that the mechanism generating the high tensile stress in tension wood is likely to be the same as that in species with a typical G-layer and also in species where the G-layer cannot be observed in mature cells.
Published: 2015

25. Virome analysis of two sympatric bat species (Desmodus rotundus and Molossus molossus) in French Guiana

Author: LACOSTE, Vincent, SALMIER, Arielle, TIRERA, Sourakhata, FRANC, Alain, DARCISSAC, Edith, DONATO, Damien, BOUCHIER, Christiane, LAVERGNE, Anne, DE THOISY, Benoit, FORRESTER, Naomi, Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), from patterns to models in computational biodiversity and biotechnology (PLEIADE), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique (Plate-Forme) - Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur [Paris], A. Salmier was funded by a grant from European funds (PO FSE 2007-2013) and 'Investissement d’Avenir' managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, Ref. ANR-10-LABEX-25-01). This study was conducted within the CAROLIA program supported by European funds (ERDF/FEDER) and assistance from Région Guyane and Direction Régionale pour la Recherche et la Technologie. It also received a European Commission 'REGPOT-CT-2011-285837-STRonGer' grant within the FP7 and 'Investissement d’Avenir' grants managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, Ref. ANR-10-LABEX-25-01). The Genomics Platform is a member of the France Génomique consortium (ANR10-INBS-09-08)., We acknowledge François Catzeflis and Marguerite Delaval for useful discussions on the biology, ecology and dynamics of bats. All field volunteers and owners and/or managers of capture sites are warmly acknowledged for their assistance in captures. We thank the INDA and C3BI teams at the Institut Pasteur and UMR BIOGECO for their technical support and access to the clusters. We thank L. Ma and M. Tichit for technical assistance., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique (Plate-Forme), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Topography, Molossus molossus, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, amazonie, Chiroptera, Bats, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, lcsh:Science, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Mammals, Fruit Bats, Eukaryota, Phylogenetic Analysis, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Terrestrial Environments, French Guiana, Sympatric speciation, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Viruses/genetics, MESH: Metagenomics, Bioinformatics, 030106 microbiology, Zoology, Sequence Databases, hématophage, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, MESH: Sympatry/genetics, forêt primaire, espèce réservoir, Evolutionary Systematics, Saliva, Microbial Pathogens, Ecosystem, Host (biology), lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, desmodus rotundus, lcsh:Q, Metagenomics, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Genome, Viral/genetics, Insecta, Range (biology), Physiology, viruses, MESH: Insecta/virology, lcsh:Medicine, Database and Informatics Methods, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Chiroptera/virology, Data Management, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, MESH: Insect Viruses/genetics, Body Fluids, Sympatry, Caves, Viruses, Vertebrates, Anatomy, Pathogens, épidémie, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, Herpesviruses, Insect Viruses, Genome, Viral, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Ecosystems, néotropique, chauve souris, MESH: Chiroptera/genetics, MESH: French Guiana, Animals, Human virome, population virale, Taxonomy, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Evolutionary Biology, Landforms, insectivore, Insectivore, Geomorphology, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Sympatry/physiology, Biological Databases, Amniotes, Desmodus rotundus, Earth Sciences, DNA viruses
Abstract: International audience; Environmental disturbances in the Neotropics (e.g., deforestation, agriculture intensifica-tion, urbanization) contribute to an increasing risk of cross-species transmission of microorganisms and to disease outbreaks due to changing ecosystems of reservoir hosts. Although Amazonia encompasses the greatest diversity of reservoir species, the outsized viral population diversity (virome) has yet to be investigated. Here, through a metagenomic approach, we identified 10,991 viral sequences in the saliva and feces of two bat species, Desmodus rotundus (hematophagous), trapped in two different caves surrounded by primary lowland forest, and Molossus molossus (insectivorous), trapped in forest and urban habitats. These sequences are related to 51 viral families known to infect a wide range of hosts (i.e., bacteria , plants, insects and vertebrates). Most viruses detected reflected the diet of bat species, with a high proportion of plant and insect-related viral families for M. molossus and a high proportion of vertebrate-related viral families for D. rotundus, highlighting its influence in shaping the viral diversity of bats. Lastly, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships for five vertebrate-related viral families (Nairoviridae, Circoviridae, Retroviridae, Herpesviri-dae, Papillomaviridae). The results showed highly supported clustering with other viral sequences of the same viral family hosted by other bat species, highlighting the potential association of viral diversity with the host's diet. These findings provide significant insight into viral bat diversity in French Guiana belonging to the Amazonian biome and emphasize that habitats and the host's dietary ecology may drive the viral diversity in the bat communities investigated.
Published: 2017

26. Assimilating satellite-based canopy height within an ecosystem model to estimate aboveground forest biomass

Author: Joetzjer, E., Pillet, M., Ciais, P., Barbier, Nicolas, Chave, Jérôme, Schlund, M., Maignan, F., Barichivich, J., Luyssaert, S., Hérault, Bruno, von Poncet, F., Poulter, B., Systems Ecology, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Austral de Chile, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-11-INBS-0001/11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02/10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2011), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: émission atmosphérique, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Télédétection, radar satellite imagery, forêt tropicale, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, biomasse aérienne des arbres, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, optical satellite imagery, Biomass, Changement climatique, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Déboisement, Houppier, séquestration du carbone, Forêt, large-scale ecosystem model, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, inventaire forestier continu, Écosystème, Zone tropicale
Abstract: International audience; Despite advances in Earth observation and modeling, estimating tropical biomass remains a challenge. Recent work suggests that integrating satellite measurements of canopy height within ecosystem models is a promising approach to infer biomass. We tested the feasibility of this approach to retrieve aboveground biomass (AGB) at three tropical forest sites by assimilating remotely sensed canopy height derived from a texture analysis algorithm applied to the high-resolution Pleiades imager in the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems Canopy (ORCHIDEE-CAN) ecosystem model. While mean AGB could be estimated within 10% of AGB derived from census data in average across sites, canopy height derived from Pleiades product was spatially too smooth, thus unable to accurately resolve large height (and biomass) variations within the site considered. The error budget was evaluated in details, and systematic errors related to the ORCHIDEE-CAN structure contribute as a secondary source of error and could be overcome by using improved allometric equations.
Published: 2017

27. Exploring fungus extendashplant N transfer in a tripartite ant extendashplant extendashfungus mutualism

Author: Leroy, Céline, Jauneau, Alain, Martinez, Yves, Cabin-Flaman, Armelle, Gibouin, David, Orivel, Jérôme, Séjalon-Delmas, Nathalie, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Plateforme Imagerie Microscopie, Fédération de Recherche FR3450, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], endophytic fungi, mutualism, fungi, microscopy, stable isotope, food and beverages, NanoSIMS, Hirtella physophora, myrmecophyte, Ascomycetes
Abstract: International audience; Background and Aims: The plant Hirtella physophora, the ant Allomerus decemarticulatus and a fungus, Trimmatostroma sp., form a tripartite association. The ants manipulate both the plant trichomes and the fungus to build galleries under the stems of their host plant used to capture prey. In addition to its structural role, the fungus also improves nutrient uptake by the host plant. But it still remains unclear whether the fungus plays an indirect or a direct role in transferring nutrients to the plant. This study aimed to trace the transfer of N from the fungus to the plant’s stem tissue.Methods: Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the presence of fungal hyphae in the stem tissues. Then, a 15N-labelling experiment was combined with a nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS 50) isotopic imaging approach to trace the movement of added 15N from the fungus to plant tissues.Key Results: The TEM images clearly showed hyphae inside the stem tissue in the cellular compartment. Also, fungal hyphae were seen perforating the wall of the parenchyma cell. The 15N provisioning of the fungus in the galleries resulted in significant enrichment of the 15N signature of the plant’s leaves 1 d after the 15N-labelling solution was deposited on the fungus-bearing trap. Finally, NanoSIMS imaging proved that nitrogen was transferred biotrophically from the fungus to the stem tissue.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the fungi are connected endophytically to an ant–plant system and actively transfer nitrogen from 15N-labelling solution to the plant’s stem tissues. Overall, this study underlines how complex the trophic structure of ant–plant interactions is due to the presence of the fungus and provides insight into the possibly important nutritional aspects and tradeoffs involved in myrmecophyte–ant mutualisms.
Published: 2017

28. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Varronia schomburgkii (DC.) Borhidi (Cordiaceae) from plants cultivated in French Guiana

Author: Pauline Burger, Denis Blanchet, Mehdi Khodjet el Khil, Xavier Fernandez, Marine Ginouves, Piero G. Delprete, Ghislaine Prévot, Camille Inès Scotto, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Oleaflore, Conseil Régional de la Guyane, University of French Guiana, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 31454,FEDER- Presage, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidemiologie des Parasitoses Tropicales (EPaT Team), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Antifungal, medicine.drug_class, Leishmania guyanensis, Chemical composition, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Varronia schomburgkii, law.invention, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, law, Botany, medicine, chemical composition, Candida albicans, Essential oil, Candida spp, activities, biology, General Chemistry, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, anti-leishmanial potency, 0104 chemical sciences, French Guiana, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Cordiaceae, Antifungal activities, Anti-leishmanial potency, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, antifungal
Abstract: International audience; This study reports for the first time the chemical composition of the essential oil of Varronia schomburgkii (DC.) Borhidi cultivated in French Guiana. This essential oil was examined by a combination of GC/FID and GC-MS techniques and was further tested for antifungal activity against several Candida strains, as well as for anti-leishmanial activity against the reference strain Leishmania guyanensis. A total of 45 components accounting for 93.61% of the total GC/FID chromatogram were identified. The essential oil is dominated by sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes among which ?-caryophyllene (46.99 ± 0.32%) is the major one. No anti-leishmania activity could be assessed, while a strong antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was evidenced in vitro against a Candida albicans strain by the definition of a MIC value of 250 ?g/mL. V. schomburgkii essential oil might hence be considered in the future for the development of natural antifungal agents.
Published: 2017

29. Black Curassow habitat relationships in terra firme forests of the GuianaShield: A multiscale approach

Author: Olivier Brunaux, Stéphane Guitet, Gaëlle Jaouen, Bruno Hérault, Cécile Richard-Hansen, Thomas Denis, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage [Kourou, Guyane], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), ONF Guyane, Réserve de Montabo, Office National des Forêts (ONF), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Funding was provided over many yearsby ONCFS and various external sources: the EU HABITATand CHASSE programs, the French Ministry for OverseasTerritories, the French Ministry of the Environment (ECOTROPprogram), the Parc Amazonien de Guyane (PAG),Office National des Forêts, and the CNRS (Centre national dela recherche scientifique) Nouragues program. T.D. and B.H.were supported by a grant from the Investing for the Futureprogram (Investissements d’Avenir) managed by the FrenchNational Research Agency (Agence nationale de la recherche,CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-0025)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech, ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, terra firme forests, hunting, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], habitat, Crax, forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, Population density, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Ecology, espèce en danger, Black curassow, Cracidae, Lauraceae, Espèce protégée, Geography, Habitat, L20 - Écologie animale, Distribution géographique, Topographie, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Paysage, Rapace, Composition botanique, Crax alector, Oiseau, multiscale analysis, 15. Life on land, species–habitat relationships, biology.organism_classification, Conservation status, Animal Science and Zoology, Écologie animale
Abstract: International audience; The Black Curassow (Crax alector) is a large game bird with Vulnerable conservation status found in north-central South America. We examined its distributional pattern across French Guiana using a large number of environmental descriptors at 3 scales of analysis: landscape, forest type, and microhabitat. We used a hierarchical model with temporary emigration and imperfect detection for data collected by standard distance sampling methods at 35 study sites. At the landscape scale, Black Curassow density decreased with hunting pressure and increased with steeper slopes in both hunted and unhunted areas. Topography appeared to be a good proxy for Black Curassow ecological requirements and probably reflected habitat quality. At the forest scale, population density was negatively correlated with the abundance of palms and Mimosoideae and positively correlated with the abundance of Lauraceae. Botanical families did not directly influence Black Curassow distribution, but rather determined spatial patterns by being markers of a particular forest type. At the microhabitat scale, Black Curassows used hilltops more frequently than other parts of the local topographical gradient. Our multiscale analysis shows that this species' distribution can be explained by biotic or abiotic conditions, regardless of the scale. For conservation, we recommend maintaining connectivity between Black Curassow populations separated by hunted areas. Our predicted densities could be used to adapt hunting quotas across French Guiana's forests. We show that combining field and remote sensing data helps to understand the ecological processes responsible for Black Curassow habitat relationships.
Published: 2016

30. Multilayered structure of tension wood cell walls in Salicaceae sensu lato and its taxonomic significance

Author: Mac H. Alford, Raïssa Romain, Barbara Ghislain, Bruno Clair, Julien Ruelle, Arata Yoshinaga, Eric-André Nicolini, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Department of Biological Sciences [Mississippi], University of Southern Mississippi (USM), ANR-12-BS09-0004,StressInTrees,Approche couplée physiologique et micro-mécanique de la génération des contraintes de maturation dans le bois de tension(2012), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and Kyoto University
Subjects: K50 - Technologie des produits forestiers, 0106 biological sciences, Salicaceae, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Polycarpa, biology, Salix, Idesia, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Populus, fibre, multilayered tension wood, Woody plant, Bennettiodendron, reaction wood, Anatomie du bois, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, Bois, Flacourtiaceae, Polyphyly, Botany, Bois de réaction, Cellulose, Croissance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Propriété physicochimique, Défaut du bois, technology, industry, and agriculture, 15. Life on land, Structure cellulaire, biology.organism_classification, Achariaceae, G-layer, Propriété mécanique, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The circumscription of Salicaceae has recently been enlarged to include a majority of the species formerly placed in the polyphyletic tropical family Flacourtiaceae. Several studies have reported a peculiar and infrequently formed multilayered structure of tension wood in four of the tropical genera. Tension wood is a tissue produced by trees to restore their vertical orientation, and most studies have focused on trees developing tension wood by means of cellulose-rich, gelatinous fibres, as is known in Populus L. and Salix L. (Salicaceae s.s.). This study aims to determine if the multilayered structure of tension wood is an anatomical characteristic common in other Salicaceae, and if so, how its distribution correlates to phylogenetic relationships. Therefore, we studied the tension wood of 14 genera of Salicaceae as well as two genera of Achariaceae, one genus of Goupiaceae, and one genus of Lacistemataceae, families closely related to Salicaceae or formerly placed in Flacourtiaceae. Opposite wood and tension wood were compared with light microscopy and 3D Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. The results indicate that a multilayered structure of tension wood is common in the family except in Salix, Populus, and one of their closest relatives, Idesia polycarpa Maxim. We suggest that tension wood may be a useful anatomical character in understanding phylogenetic relationships in Salicaceae. Further investigation is still needed on the tension wood of several other putatively close relatives of Salix and Populus, in particular Bennettiodendron Merr., Macrohasseltia L.O.Williams and Itoa Hemsl.
Published: 2016

31. Vulnerability of Commercial Tree Species to Water Stress in Logged Forests of the Guiana Shield

Author: Olivier Brunaux, Romain Gaspard, Stéphane Guitet, Bruno Hérault, Mélaine Aubry-Kientz, Vivien Rossi, Laurent Descroix, Hélène Fargeon, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Office National des Forêts (ONF), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Climfor Project, Guyasim Project, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Herault, Bruno, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Forêts et Sociétés (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 Forêts et Sociétés), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, selective logging, forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, Vulnerable species, climate change, growth rates, mortality rates, Paracou, Biomass (ecology), changement climatique, biology, Wood production, Ecology, Logging, espèce en danger, Exploitation forestière, Forestry, Espèce protégée, Climate change, Growth rates, Mortality rates, Selective logging, protection de la forêt, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Stress dû à la sécheresse, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Aménagement forestier, Mortalité, taux de croissance, Abattage d'arbres, 010603 evolutionary biology, Goupia glabra, taux de mortalite, Croissance, Ressource forestière, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Resistance (ecology), Tropics, lcsh:QK900-989, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, lcsh:Plant ecology, Environmental science, guyane française, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The future of tropical managed forests is threatened by climate change. In anticipation of the increase in the frequency of drought episodes predicted by climatic models for intertropical regions, it is essential to study commercial trees' resilience and vulnerability to water stress by identifying potential interaction effects between selective logging and stress due to a lack of water. Focusing on 14 species representing a potential or acknowledged commercial interest for wood production in the Guiana Shield, a joint model coupling growth and mortality for each species was parametrized, including a climatic variable related to water stress and the quantity of aboveground biomass lost after logging. For the vast majority of the species, water stress had a negative impact on growth rate, while the impact of logging was positive. The opposite results were observed for the mortality. Combining results from growth and mortality models, we generate vulnerability profiles and ranking from species apparently quite resistant to water stress (Chrysophyllum spp., Goupia glabra Aubl., Qualea rosea Aubl.), even under logging pressure, to highly vulnerable species (Sterculia spp.). In light of our results, forest managers in the Guiana Shield may want to conduct (i) a conservation strategy of the most vulnerable species and (ii) a diversification of the logged species. Conservation of the already-adapted species may also be considered as the most certain way to protect the tropical forests under future climates.
Published: 2016

32. High incidence of dioecy in young successional tropical forests

Author: Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Pierre-Olivier Cheptou, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux (UPR BSef), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-12-EBID-0002,CoForTips,Forêts du Bassin du Congo: Biodiversité, Points de Basculement et Résilience des Systèmes Écologiques et Sociaux Forestiers.(2012), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux (UPR105 BSef), ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02/10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2011), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: F40 - Écologie végétale, Dioecy, Determinants of plant community diversity and structure, forêt tropicale, Reproduction sexuée, Plant Science, Ecological succession, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Tropical forest, Abundance (ecology), K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Dynamique des populations, Colonization, community composition, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, F63 - Physiologie végétale - Reproduction, Méthode statistique, Ecology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Composition botanique, Community assembly, Analyse multivariée, fungi, Central africa, food and beverages, sexual system, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Forest succession, Succession écologique, Community composition, Baker's law, High incidence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Functional traits, Communauté végétale
Abstract: International audience; The role of plant sexual systems in community assembly has been little studied. Classical assumptions predict an association between self-fertilisation and colonising ability, a pattern not systematically supported by observations.Here, using a dataset of 626,462 trees sampled throughout 8,300 km2 in central Africa and historical information collected 60 years ago on forest successional status, we compare sexual system assemblages between young successional and mature communities.We use two multivariate approaches to assess the variation in community dioecism between successional status, while controlling for covariation between dioecy and six other traits usually considered as good proxies for important functions in forest successional dynamics.We show that dioecious trees are significantly overrepresented in young successional areas, contrary to classical expectations. This robust pattern is unlikely to be driven by soil conditions, by the other associated traits or by species-specific abundance. Strikingly, dioecy was one of the traits most correlated with young successional areas.These results show that sexual systems play an important role in community assembly. The higher occurrence of dioecy in young successional areas is likely due to a higher relative seed fitness of dioecious species in more stressful conditions or by an evolutionary-driven association between dioecy and colonisation ability, as predicted by theoretical studies.Synthesis Our study emphasises an overlooked association between sexual system and community assembly and emphasises the need to revisit classical assumptions regarding that relationship.
Published: 2015

33. Online database for mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae) occurrence records in French Guiana

Author: Stanislas, Talaga, Jérôme, Murienne, Alain, Dejean, Céline, Leroy, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02/10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2011), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Neotropics, Insecta, Arthropoda, DipteraAnimalia, Diptera, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, French Guiana, diversity, Culicidae, Occurrence, mosquitoes, Animalia, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Data Paper
Abstract: A database providing information on mosquito specimens (Arthropoda: Diptera: Culicidae) collected in French Guiana is presented. Field collections were initiated in 2013 under the auspices of the CEnter for the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia (CEBA: http://www.labexceba.fr/en/). This study is part of an ongoing process aiming to understand the distribution of mosquitoes, including vector species, across French Guiana. Occurrences are recorded after each collecting trip in a database managed by the laboratory Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Toulouse, France. The dataset is updated monthly and is available online. Voucher specimens and their associated DNA are stored at the laboratory Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (Ecofog), Kourou, French Guiana. The latest version of the dataset is accessible through EDB's Integrated Publication Toolkit at http://130.120.204.55:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=mosquitoes_of_french_guiana or through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility data portal at http://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a8aa2ad-261c-4f61-a98e-26dd752fe1c5 It can also be viewed through the Guyanensis platform at http://guyanensis.ups-tlse.fr
Published: 2015

34. Tank bromeliads as natural microcosms : a facultative association with ants influences the aquatic invertebrate community structure

Author: Olivier Dézerald, Frédéric Petitclerc, Alain Dejean, Alexis Carteron, Régis Céréghino, Stanislas Talaga, Céline Leroy, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bromeliaceae, Aquatic Organisms, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Nesting Behavior, Feces, Communautés aquatiques, Aechmea, Abundance (ecology), Phytotelme, Organic Chemicals, Apex predator, Trophic level, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Community structure, Associations broméliacées–fourmis, General Medicine, Biodiversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, French Guiana, Odontomachus, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Food Chain, Phytotelm, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Guyane française, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Particle Size, Aquatic communities, Humic Substances, 030304 developmental biology, Invertebrate, Ant-bromeliad associations, Facultative, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ants, Ant–bromeliad associations, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Invertebrates, Plant Leaves, Predatory Behavior, Eliminative Behavior, Animal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Many tank bromeliads have facultative relationships with ants as is the case in French Guiana between Aechmea aquilega (Salib.) Griseb. and the trap-jaw ant, Odontomachus haematodus Linnaeus. Using a redundancy analysis, we determined that the presence of O. haematodus colonies is accompanied by a greater quantity of fine particulate organic matter in the water likely due to their wastes. This increase in nutrient availability is significantly correlated with an increase in the abundance of some detritivorous taxa, suggesting a positive bottom-up influence on the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities living in the A. aquilega wells. On the other hand, the abundance of top predators is negatively affected by a lower number of available wells due to ant constructions for nesting, releasing a top-down pressure that could also favor lower trophic levels.; De nombreuses espèces de broméliacées à réservoir d’eau entretiennent des relations facultatives avec des fourmis. En Guyane française, c’est le cas entre Aechmea aquilega (Salib.) Griseb. et la fourmi Odontomachus haematodus Linnaeus. En utilisant une analyse de redondance, nous avons montré que la présence d’une colonie d’O. haematodus est accompagnée par une plus grande quantité de matière organique particulaire fine dans l’eau, provenant très certainement des déchets des fourmis. Cette augmentation de la disponibilité en nutriments est, quant à elle, significativement corrélée avec l’abondance de certains taxons détritivores, suggérant une influence bottom-up positive sur les communautés de macro-invertébrés aquatiques qui vivent dans les réservoirs. Par ailleurs, du fait de leurs constructions, les fourmis affectent également les prédateurs des niveaux trophiques supérieurs en diminuant le volume d’eau habitable. La pression qu’ils exercent sur les niveaux trophiques inférieurs est ainsi réduite, favorisant l’abondance des détritivores.
Published: 2015

35. Arthropod Distribution in a Tropical Rainforest: Tackling a Four Dimensional Puzzle

Author: Roger L. Kitching, Alexey K. Tishechkin, Line Sørensen, Laura L. Fagan, Yves Basset, Sérvio P. Ribeiro, Héctor Barrios, Jonathan R. Bridle, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Raphael K. Didham, Marc Pollet, Enrique Medianero, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, Lukas Cizek, Jérôme Orivel, Neville N. Winchester, Yves Roisin, Tomas Roslin, Philippe Cuenoud, Juergen Schmidl, Maurice Leponce, Evandro Gama de Oliveira, Andreas Floren, Jesper B. Schmidt, Vojtech Novotny, Johannes Bail, Domir De Bakker, David W. Roubik, Mathieu Rapp, Gianfranco Curletti, Thomas M. Lewinsohn, Frode Ødegaard, Henri-Pierre Aberlenc, Wesley Duarte da Rocha, Bruno Corbara, Alain Dejean, University of South Bohemia, Universidad de Panamá, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Bristol [Bristol], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz [Brazil] (UESC), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Griffith University [Brisbane], Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Auteur indépendant, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Subjects: Psychologie appliquée, Beta diversity, Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, Surveys, Forests, Trees, Forêt tropicale humide, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Species diversity, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Seasons, Tropical rainforests, Biologie, Research Article, Rainforest, Arthropoda, Panama, Biology, Distribution des populations, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Animals, ddc:578, Arthropods, Ecosystem, Tropical Climate, lcsh:R, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, Taxonomie, 15. Life on land, biodiversité forestière, 13. Climate action, Guild, lcsh:Q, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Animal Distribution, Tropical rainforest, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Quantifying the spatio-temporal distribution of arthropods in tropical rainforests represents a first step towards scrutinizing the global distribution of biodiversity on Earth. To date most studies have focused on narrow taxonomic groups or lack a design that allows partitioning of the components of diversity. Here, we consider an exceptionally large dataset (113,952 individuals representing 5,858 species), obtained from the San Lorenzo forest in Panama, where the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa was surveyed using 14 protocols targeting the soil, litter, understory, lower and upper canopy habitats, replicated across seasons in 2003 and 2004. This dataset is used to explore the relative influence of horizontal, vertical and seasonal drivers of arthropod distribution in this forest. We considered arthropod abundance, observed and estimated species richness, additive decomposition of species richness, multiplicative partitioning of species diversity, variation in species composition, species turnover and guild structure as components of diversity. At the scale of our study (2km of distance, 40m in height and 400 days), the effects related to the vertical and seasonal dimensions were most important. Most adult arthropods were collected from the soil/litter or the upper canopy and species richness was highest in the canopy. We compared the distribution of arthropods and trees within our study system. Effects related to the seasonal dimension were stronger for arthropods than for trees. We conclude that: (1) models of beta diversity developed for tropical trees are unlikely to be applicable to tropical arthropods; (2) it is imperative that estimates of global biodiversity derived from mass collecting of arthropods in tropical rainforests embrace the strong vertical and seasonal partitioning observed here; and (3) given the high species turnover observed between seasons, global climate change may have severe consequences for rainforest arthropods., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2015

36. A bromeliad species reveals invasive ant presence in urban areas of French Guiana

Author: Olivier Dézerald, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Alex Salas-Lopez, Stanislas Talaga, Régis Céréghino, Bruno Hérault, Frédéric Petitclerc, Alain Dejean, Céline Leroy, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), U.P.A. Laboratoire de Mirmecologia, Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz [Brazil] (UESC), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Relation plante animal, Biodiversity, Non-specific ant–plant relationships, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Aechmea, 11. Sustainability, Dynamique des populations, Ecology, biology, Aechmea aquilega, Bioindicators, Surrogacy, Tank bromeliads, Urban ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Surrgogacy, French Guiana, Animal indicateur, Habitat, Indicator species, surveillance, L20 - Écologie animale, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, Piégeage des animaux, Zone rurale, Zone urbaine, F40 - Écologie végétale, General Decision Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Formicidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, South america, Non-specific ant-plant relationships, Écologie animale, Epiphyte, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Tank bromeliads, frequently associated with ants, are considered ‘biodiversity amplifiers’ for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and thus have a high ecological value. The focal species of this study, Aechmea aquilega, sheltered the colonies of 12 ant species in a Guianese rural habitat where Odontomachus haematodus, associated with 60% of these plants, was the most frequent. Unexpectedly, the ant species richness was higher in a compared urban habitat with 21 species, but two synanthropic and four invasive ants were noted among them. Consequently, we conducted baiting surveys (on the ground, on trees and on trees bearing A. aquilega) as well as complementary surveys using different sampling modes in urban areas to test if A. aquilega is a surrogate revealing the presence of certain invasive ants. During the baiting survey, we recorded four Neotropical and eight introduced invasive ants out of a total of 69 species. Of these 12 invasive species, five were noted by baiting A. aquilega (including two only noted in this way). A bootstrap simulation permitted us to conclude that A. aquilega significantly concentrates certain species of invasive ants. This was confirmed by complementary surveys, where we did not record further species. We conclude that baiting on trees bearing large epiphytes in human-modified, Neotropical areas is a relevant complement to the early detection of invasive ants.
Published: 2015

37. Vertical stratification reduces competition for light in dense tropical forests

Author: Ghislain Vieilledent, Bruno Hérault, Marilyne Laurans, Grégoire Vincent, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, forêt tropicale, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Niche partitioning, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Growth rate, Ecology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Photosensibilité, Forestry, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Taux de croissance, French Guiana, Hierarchical Bayesian model, Régime lumineux, F40 - Écologie végétale, Annual growth rate, Niche, Lumière, Stratification (vegetation), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Local crowding, Caractéristique du peuplement, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Adult stature, Compétition biologique, Croissance, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Niche differentiation, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, Crowding, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dimension, 010606 plant biology & botany, Espacement
Abstract: International audience; Differential growth response to light level is widely accepted as a potential mechanism for maintaining tree species richness in tropical forests. The position of tree species in the hierarchy of the canopy is considered an important indicator of species light capture and growth strategy. Paradoxically, the relative importance of species identity and competition for light in determining individual tree growth is poorly documented at the adult stage. In this study, we used a hierarchical Bayesian model to quantify the overall importance of species identity, light and belowground competition as determinants of tree growth in French Guiana tropical forest. Light competitive status is assessed by a crown exposure score and below ground competition is estimated from local crowding. We examined species sensitivity to both types of competition in relation to adult stature.Our results are based on annual diameter increments of more than 13,510 stems from 282 species monitored over 10 years. Mean annual growth rate was 0.11 cm y−1 with species identity explaining 35% of the individual variation in growth rate. Crown exposure and local crowding explained 3.5% and 2.4% of the variation in growth rate, respectively. Predicted changes in growth rate as crown exposure (resp. local crowding) index changed from lower to upper interquartile level was 0.03 cm y−1 (resp. 0.02 cm y−1). Species sensitivity to crown exposure and to local crowding were positively correlated (i) with predicted growth rate at high-light standardized conditions and (ii) with adult stature.This vertical niche partitioning is invoked to explain the limited contribution made by level of light competition for predicting individual tropical tree growth as the community-level response is dominated by the abundance of small-statured species with low sensitivity to light level.Light appears to drive the stem growth rate of tropical trees through species differentiation more than through individual tree growth limitation. This vertical stratification complements the previously reported regeneration niche and together these provide evidence for light niche partitioning in the three-dimensional space of tropical forests.
Published: 2014

38. Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees

Author: Angelina Martínez-Yrízar, Helene C. Muller-Landau, Tron Eid, Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi, Pierre Ploton, Philip M. Fearnside, Welington Braz Carvalho Delitti, Juan Saldarriaga, Rosa C. Goodman, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Alfred Ngomanda, Wilson A. Mugasha, Ghislain Vieilledent, Casey M. Ryan, Matieu Henry, Alvaro Duque, Maurizio Mencuccini, Alberto Búrquez, E. N. Chidumayo, Jérôme Chave, Bruce Walker Nelson, Euler Melo Nogueira, Raphaël Pélissier, Matthew S. Colgan, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CNES (TOSCA program), IRD project PPR FTH‐AC ‘Changement globaux, biodiversité et santé en zone forestière d'Afrique Centrale', BRIDGE project, ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR: Labex TULIP,TULIP,ANR-10-LABX-0041, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stockage, forêt tropicale, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Allométrie, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, Biomass, Zone climatique, forest inventory, Forêt tropicale humide, Specific Gravity, Hauteur, General Environmental Science, Évaluation des stocks, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, plant allometry, Tree height, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Wood, tree, séquestration du carbone, Plant allometry, Forêt, Regression Analysis, Modèle mathématique, Woody plant, Environmental Monitoring, Zone tropicale, global carbon cycling, Carbone, Global carbon cycling, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Tree allometry, Pantropical, Arbre, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, tropics, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Tropical vegetation, Mesure, Environmental Chemistry, atténuation des effets du changement climatique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Changement climatique, Tropical Climate, Forest inventory, carbon, Tropics, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, Models, Theoretical, Carbon, 13. Climate action, Forestry inventory, Environmental science, Allometry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, height
Abstract: International audience; Terrestrial carbon stock mapping is important for the successful implementation of climate change mitigation policies. Its accuracy depends on the availability of reliable allometric models to infer oven-dry aboveground biomass of trees from census data. The degree of uncertainty associated with previously published pantropical aboveground biomass allometries is large. We analyzed a global database of directly harvested trees at 58 sites, spanning a wide range of climatic conditions and vegetation types (4004 trees ≥ 5 cm trunk diameter). When trunk diameter, total tree height, and wood specific gravity were included in the aboveground biomass model as co-variates, a single model was found to hold across tropical vegetation types, with no detectable effect of region or environmental factors. The mean percent bias and variance of this model was only slightly higher than that of locally fitted models. Wood specific gravity was an important predictor of aboveground biomass, especially when including a much broader range of vegetation types than previous studies. The generic tree diameter-height relationship depended linearly on a bioclimatic stress variable E, which compounds indices of temperature variability, precipitation variability and drought intensity. For cases in which total tree height is unavailable for aboveground biomass estimation, a pantropical model incorporating wood density, trunk diameter and the variable E outperformed previously published models without height. However, to minimize bias, the development of locally derived diameter-height relationships is advised whenever possible. Both new allometric models should contribute to improve the accuracy of biomass assessment protocols in tropical vegetation types, and to advancing our understanding of architectural and evolutionary constraints on woody plant development.
Published: 2014

39. Tropical tree assembly depends on the interactions between successional and soil filtering processes

Author: Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Adeline Fayolle, Raphaël Pélissier, Olivier Flores, Nicolas Fauvet, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-08-BDVA-0001,CoForChange,Comment, pourquoi et où les espèces d'arbres survivront-elles à une augmentation des perturbations : diagnostic et outils d'aide à la decision pour atténuer l'effet des changements globaux sur la biodiversité dans les forêts du bassin du Congo.(2008), ANR-12-EBID-0002,CoForTips,Forêts du Bassin du Congo: Biodiversité, Points de Basculement et Résilience des Systèmes Écologiques et Sociaux Forestiers.(2012), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux (BSEF) (Cirad-ES-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02/10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Beta diversity, Ecological succession, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, forêt tropicale, STRUCTURE DE POPULATION, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, F62 - Physiologie végétale : croissance et développement, Sol sableux, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Trait-based approach, Densité, SABLE, DYNAMIQUE DE VEGETATION, Sol argileux, Primary succession, Global and Planetary Change, Central Africa, Ecology, Inventaire forestier, Surface foliaire, Soil classification, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Soil type, F40 - Ecologie végétale, Facteur édaphique, FACTEUR EDAPHIQUE, ARGILE, Forest succession, Forêt, Trait, Écosystème forestier, Functional traits, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Fixation de l'azote, Biogéographie, Biology, F61 - Physiologie végétale : nutrition, 010603 evolutionary biology, Bois, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phyto-géographie, Arbre forestier, Croissance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SOL, Composition botanique, Taxonomie, 15. Life on land, POPULATION VEGETALE, Community diversity and structure, FORET PRIMAIRE, Texture du sol, Soil water, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, FORET SECONDAIRE, Filtration, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Successional and soil filtering processes are key drivers of the assembly of tropical tree communities, yet little is known about how they interact. Herein, we determine whether successional pathways depend on soil type, how the soil filtering effect varies during forest succession and whether succession is accompanied by changes in trait composition.Location: South-western Central African Republic.Methods: We used inventory data on 90 dominant tree species (72% of the stems ≥ 30 cm d.b.h.) in 15,420 plots (each 0.5 ha) distributed over an 8300-km2 mosaic of primary and secondary forests on contrasting clay and sandy soils. We gathered data on six traits: dispersal mode, nitrogen fixation, deciduousness, leaf area, wood density and maximum diameter. After validation with historical information, we used a successional index based on pioneer proportion to assess variations in trait composition, and in α- and β-diversity, in forest succession, and within and between soil types.Results: Taxonomic and functional dissimilarities between clay and sandy soils decreased continuously during forest succession. Within soil types, early-successional communities had a low taxonomic but relatively high functional α-diversity. At the landscape scale, β-diversity was higher among earlier successional stages, except in rich soils where taxonomic β-diversity was high throughout the succession. Mean values for all traits, except leaf area, showed marked variations during forest succession in both soil types.Main conclusions: The effect of soil type on community composition declines during succession, suggesting that the relative importance of neutral processes is higher in mature forests. Successional pathways were fairly similar in both soil types: disturbances reduced taxonomic diversity locally and enhanced β-diversity between sites, probably because the disturbances varied in type. We also demonstrated how easy-to-collect traits help improve predictions of ecological patterns and deepen our understanding of species assembly processes.
Published: 2014

40. Critical review on the mechanisms of maturation stress generation in trees

Author: Bruno Clair, Tancrède Alméras, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bois (BOIS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR 12-BS09-0004, Investissement d'avenir : ANR-10-LABX-25-01, ANR-12-BS09-0004,StressInTrees,Approche couplée physiologique et micro-mécanique de la génération des contraintes de maturation dans le bois de tension(2012), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, reaction wood, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Bioengineering, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Trees, Biomaterials, Stress (mechanics), Magnoliopsida, 03 medical and health sciences, micromechanics, Plant science, Cell Wall, Stress, Physiological, maturation stress, Review Articles, Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Wood, Cycadopsida, 030104 developmental biology, Order (biology), tension wood, Tension (geology), tree biomechanics, Biological system, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Trees control their posture by generating asymmetric mechanical stress around the periphery of the trunk or branches. This stress is produced in wood during the maturation of the cell wall. When the need for reaction is high, it is accompanied by strong changes in cell organization and composition called reaction wood, namely compression wood in gymnosperms and tension wood in angiosperms. The process by which stress is generated in the cell wall during its formation is not yet known, and various hypothetical mechanisms have been proposed in the literature. Here we aim at discriminating between these models. First, we summarize current knowledge about reaction wood structure, state and behaviour relevant to the understanding of maturation stress generation. Then, the mechanisms proposed in the literature are listed and discussed in order to identify which can be rejected based on their inconsistency with current knowledge at the frontier between plant science and mechanical engineering.
Published: 2016

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