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What satisfies food truck patrons? The current study attempted to answer this question by investigating the impacts of cognitive and affective image, perceived risk, and experiential value on customer satisfaction. Further, this paper looked to understand how satisfaction with food truck offerings translates into repurchase intention. To facilitate this research, a panel of Canadian and American food truck customers were surveyed. A total of 421 sample data were retained from online surveys and the relationships among the forementioned variables were analyzed through path analysis. The study findings indicate that a positive food truck image reduces customers' perceived risk of dining at a food truck and increases the value they believe they can obtain from the operation. Furthermore, finding that reduced perceived risk and positive image and value perceptions can result in increased customer satisfaction and, in turn, increased repurchase intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops the concept of gastroimaginaries – narratives that use food as a rhetorical device to define and encapsulate what are believed to be the essential characteristics of a people, place, and time. The article adapts the concept of social imaginaries – defined by Taylor (2023) as “the ways people imagine their social existence, how they fit together with others … ” – to underscore the significance of food-related narratives for shaping, reinforcing, and potentially contesting regional identity and place-making projects, and for signaling membership within a particular group or imagined community. I apply the gastroimaginary framework to an analysis of food media representations of the American South, arguing that dominant gastroimaginary frames – which emphasize potent but generally uncritical ideas like hospitality and nostalgia – generally elide the realities of food system labor and environmental and other externalities; alternative or subversive gastroimaginaries, however, can both attend to these past and present realities while imagining more radical futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Increased risks fromglobal climate change and sun-blocking global catastrophic risks (such as a nuclear winter), warrant the reevaluation of our food systems and their resilience to these climatic changes. Increasing native agrobiodiversity is a simple way of increasing food system resilience, and despite the vast amount of native genetic resources available in North America, the United States has shown little systematic effort to improve its agrobiodiversity. Methods: We use a systematic literature review of staple Native American food plants (NAFPs) to determine the current state of research interest among themand suggest species of interest for domestication. The nutrient profiles and nutrient adequacy scores for the most researched staple NAFPs were also collected and calculated. Results: A total of 174 Staple NAFPs were evaluated through systematic review, resulting in a total of 5302 peer-reviewed articles searched. Our findings show that most NAFPs are understudied and are more commonly seen by the agricultural community as weeds. However, there are a few that have current scientific interest in their value as a potential crop. Discussion: We discuss the 24 most researched NAFPs and their nutritional content. We also discuss potential actions, protocols, and ethical issues regarding future steps in using NAFPs to increase agrobiodiversity and food resilience in the United States through more resilient agroforestry systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraprocessed foods can be a source of potassium additives. Excess potassium consumption can lead to hyperkalemia. How frequently potassium additives are found in the food supply and how they impact potassium content is not well documented. Using the Branded Product Database, ingredient lists were searched for "potassium" to identify products containing additives. For products listing potassium content, accuracy of potassium content reporting and how potassium content differed with additive use was also assessed. A total of 239,089 products were included, 35,102 (14.7%) contained potassium additives, and 13,685 (5.7%) provided potassium content. Potassium additives were most commonly found in dairy products, supplements, and mixed foods (at 37%, 34%, and 28%, respectively). Potassium additives in mixed foods and vegetables and fruits were associated with 71% and 28% more potassium per serving, respectively (p < 0.01). Potassium content increased by 1874 mg (66%) when a 1‐day sample menu compared foods with and without additives. Potassium content of foods with and without additives is not well documented. Potassium additives are prevalent and can be associated with increased potassium content. However, more information is needed to better understand how different additives used in different foods change potassium content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several hundred menus from the Lotos Club have been preserved from the period 1870 to the present. They are from so-called "State Dinners" honoring important people. They show in unusual detail and over a considerable period of time the changing tastes in cuisine, from adherence to French haute cuisine standards to the current fashions such as local and seasonal. It is useful to look at the food served at institutions such as clubs because while slow to change (and often proud of their sometimes-odd culinary traditions), they reflect the shifts in American taste focused in a way that restaurants, which serve a more varied clientele, do not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the similarities and differences between brand names in Arabic and English, namely Jordanian and American brands. Brand names are analyzed in terms of their thematic associations and their linguistic features. The focus is on three types of Jordanian and American products: food, clothing and services. The methodology followed is quantitative and qualitative, adopting the framework of Chan & Huang (2001) who classify the brands into different categories based on their thematic associations into seven categories. However, this framework has been adapted to include three more categories. The results reveal that the brand names of both countries have similar thematic associations but with different frequencies. It is found that the frequencies of the thematic categories significantly differ between the two countries (and the two languages) regarding the three investigated types of brands. In relation to their linguistic features, some similarities and differences are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a method to determine the limit of detection (LoD) for quantitative measurement of exogenous analytes in the outer layer of the human skin by in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy. The method is in accordance with the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use that have been adopted by regulatory authorities such as the American Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. The method can be applied in silico so that the limit of detection can be assessed before starting a skin penetration study, for example, in areas of pharmaceutical formulation, pharmacokinetics, or toxicokinetics. This can significantly reduce the need for expensive and time-consuming feasibility studies. This paper describes the method to calculate this LoD as well as the experimental and methodological factors that can influence the calculation of the LoD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I argue that indigenous Latin American food delivery workers organize to defy information and knowledge asymmetries by utilizing technology built to mediate online social interactions. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this paper investigates transnational modes of community-building and network formation and examines how these networks are instrumental for delivery workers in New York City to exercise agency, forge their narrative, and resist platform control by resisting, pushing, and extending a variety of digital and communication technologies. I analyze how public and private means of communication facilitate and constrain social forms of organization by mapping how delivery workers communicate and engage collectively both in the physical and the digital worlds. My research reveals two platforms that workers use to share information: one that operates inwards (WhatsApp) and another that operates outwards (Facebook). These channels represent opposite sides of the spectrum between public and private and synergize to form a transnational distributed knowledge network to shape and interpret the collective identity of Latin American delivery workers. Overall, this article sheds light on how the flow of information through different spaces and times enables delivery workers to construct a place for subversion and negotiation with roles assigned to them by broader socio-political forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reader will be able to • Identify the classification of cough medications. • Understand the limited data supporting the use of cough medications in children. • Recognize the risks and adverse effects attributed to cough medication use. Cough medicines have been in use for over a century to treat the common and troublesome, but often helpful, symptoms of cough in children. They contain various combinations of "anti-tussive" drugs including opioids, antihistamines, herbal preparations, mucolytics, decongestants and expectorants. Whilst theoretically attractive for symptom relief when children are suffering, as time has passed these popular over the counter medicines have been shown to lack efficacy, delay more serious underlying diagnoses, and can cause complications and sometimes death. This has resulted in clinician concerns, a citizen petition to the American Food and Drug Association in 2007, some self-regulation from manufacturers and escalating restrictions on their use from regulatory agencies across the world over the last twenty years. This article will review the protective role of cough, juxtapose the conflicting treatment goals of suppressing a dry cough and promoting expectoration for a wet cough, consider the evidence basis for prescribing cough medicines in comparison to other more specific treatments such as for asthma [beta agonists] or infection [antibiotics], regulatory interventions, and conclude with the view that over counter cough medicines should not be used in children, especially young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the practice and study of subsistence in Alaska are circumscribed by state and federal legislation and management that obscures broad engagement with a diverse foodscape. Through two decades of ethnographic research and three comprehensive subsistence studies carried out in the Aleutians between 2008 and 2021, this article describes a complex "fusion" food culture that needs both acknowledgment and support. The many cross-cultural manifestations of foods inspired by colonization, migrant labor, technology, and the American food system, must be made visible in order to understand and protect them. Conclusions suggest that the predominant research concern over degree of subsistence use and dependency in the face of a growing cash economy or environmental change obscures the realities of an extensive yet fragile foodscape that includes fusions of historical and multicultural influences, foods, and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the development of visual appeal, particularly color, as a key driver of demand in the American food sector between the 1920s and the 1940s. It analyzes, through case studies of oranges and fresh meat, how food producers and retailers sought to create a standardized food color that many consumers would recognize and eventually take for granted as "natural." The creation of "natural" color was a process of standardization, facilitating a new kind of visual regime. This dramatic transformation of visuality in the early twentieth-century American foodscape laid the groundwork for creating standardized, albeit artificial, notions of naturalness and freshness of foods today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the impact of COVID-19 on food security in New York state and the innovative approaches employed by food assistance organizations to help address the changing and increasing demand for their services from March 2020 to May 2021. We examine the case study of New York's Capital District region through a qualitative approach. We find that there was a sharp increase in utilization of emergency services during spring of 2020, which tapered off in the summer and fall of 2020 but remained above the levels of need seen the previous year. Food assistance organizations quickly adapted to the increased demand for their services and changing conditions to reduce gaps in local food distribution chains: They reorganized and tapped into new sources for volunteers, networked with public and private organizations, and coordinated work with other regional food pantries for maximum impact. The flexibility of food assistance organizations to address the disruptions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic highlights their critical roles in the U.S. food security environment. While organizations are aware of their shortcomings, constraints, and overall role in the American food system, the majority also expressed that the pandemic presented an opportunity to treat a complex problem together and to enact change. Several stakeholders also shared their hope that strengthening their networks and innovations may facilitate post-pandemic recovery, bring about systemic changes to address root causes of food insecurity, and better serve the communities most vulnerable to hunger and service disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals of a wide range of species are sensitive to the presence of other species, and can often benefit from associations with other species in mixed-species groups (MSGs) through food-finding or avoiding predation. In an earlier field study, we found that both Carolina chickadees, Poecile carolinensis, and tufted titmice, Baeolphus bicolor, were better able to solve a novel feeder task when their MSGs were more diverse in terms of species composition. Like most studies of MSGs, however, that earlier study did not experimentally manipulate MSG size and composition. We did that manipulation here, providing experimental flocks of chickadees and titmice with three novel feeder tasks in semi-natural aviary environments. We found that successful titmouse flocks generally had a higher proportion of titmice in them, going against the findings of our earlier field study. Conversely, successful chickadee flocks solved one of the novel feeder tasks more quickly with a higher proportion of titmice in them, corroborating the findings of our earlier field study. We now need to assess socio-ecological influences on MSG size and composition, and how those relate to individual behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the heritagization of certain foods as Finnish American foods. By comparing certain Finnish American festivals with the Finnish and Finnish American community in Florida, the article aims to showcase which foods are considered to be Finnish American today. By comparing the foods served at Finnish American festivals in Minnesota, Michigan, Washington with the foods eaten in Florida, the authors are able to limit the regional traditions and find out which foods are seen as important for Finnish American culture, or, in other words, what foods are seen as part of Finnish American heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is increasing temperature, decreasing precipitation, and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in many ecosystems. As atmospheric carbon rises, plants may increase carbon‐based defenses, such as phenolics, thereby potentially affecting food quality, foraging habits, and habitat suitability for mammalian herbivores. In alpine habitats, the American pika (Ochotona princeps) is a model species for studying effects of changing plant chemistry on mammals. To survive between growing seasons, pikas cache "haypiles" of plants rich in phenolics. Although they are toxic to pikas, phenolic compounds facilitate retention of plant biomass and nutrition during storage, and they degrade over time. Alpine avens (Geum rossii, Rosales: Rosaceae) is a high‐phenolic plant species that comprises up to 75% of pika haypiles in Colorado. Here, we tested the hypothesis that contemporary climate change has affected the nutritional value of alpine avens to pikas in the last 30 years. Specifically, we compared phenolic activity, nutritional quality, and overwinter preservation of plants collected at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (USA), in 1992 to those collected between 2010 and 2018, spanning nearly three decades of climate change. Phenolic activity increased in alpine avens since 1992, while fiber and nitrogen content decreased. Importantly, overwinter preservation of plant biomass also increased, particularly on windblown slopes without long‐lasting snow cover. Previous studies indicate that pikas at this site still depend on alpine avens for their winter food caches. Higher phenolic content in alpine avens could therefore enhance the preservation of haypiles over winter; however, if pikas must further delay consuming these plants to avoid toxicity or invest extra energy in detoxification, then the nutritional gains from enhanced preservation may not be beneficial. This study provides important insights into how climate‐driven changes in plant chemistry will affect mammalian herbivores in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Big Night (1996), one of the earliest American examples of a food film, is comprised of two distinct but intertwined aesthetics. One involves immigrant restaurateur brothers, Primo (Tony Shaloub) and Secondo (Stanley Tucci), and another involves a competing establishment run by conniving Pascal (Ian Holm). Tucci and Scott use mise en scéne and camera work to portray the spectacle of food as a corollary to authenticity. Primo and Secondo’s restaurant focuses on offering genuine Italian food from their childhoods while Pascal’s restaurant is all about showmanship, not food. Tucci and Scott film each restaurant in starkly different ways to link the identity to the spectacle of food. Unlike much of the dialogue which concerns business and uneasy personal relationships, spectacle in Big Night focuses on food. While the main narrative strand explores character tensions, much of the running time and screen space showcases Italian food being prepared, eaten, and enjoyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) is widely used in the region to classify population groups with presumably distinctive levels (mild, moderate or severe) of food (in)security. This paper puts under scrutiny the validity and utility of the resulting population groups using data from the Mexican National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2018. The analyses use scalogram analysis, Item Response Theory and Latent Class Analysis to look at the properties of the groups derived from the ELCSA. The paper shows that ELCSA's capacity to actually distinguish between four levels of food insecurity is rather weak. The analyses suggest the ELCSA reliably captures severe food insecurity scores but not milder forms of food deprivation. A key objective of the ELCSA is to identify different ranges/groups of food insecurity, and the main implication of our findings is that it is time for a thorough makeover of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the state of household food security in Mexico in the socioeconomic context of the Covid-19 pandemic, according to the estimates of two household experience scales in 2020. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, based on data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre Covid-19 and the Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2020. This was with ordinal regressions of partially proportional probabilities, the probabilities of presenting some degree of food insecurity adjusting for variables of the characteristics of the headship and the socioeconomic conditions of the household. Results: Both scales are consistent when determining the percentage of households that experienced severe food insecurity, but not mild or moderate food insecurity. Limitations: This work does not analyze the individual items of the scales, in addition to the fact that longitudinal changes were not explored. Conclusion: in general contexts such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale and the Mexican Food Security Scale are instruments that allow households affected by severe food insecurity to be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flock of Little Corellas Cacatua sanguinea deposited six large American Sweetgum (Liquidambar) Liquidambar styraciflua fruit and three Mediterranean Cypress Cupressus sempervirens cones under the canopy of a Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora in a suburban backyard in Albury, New South Wales. Subsequent searches encountered American Sweetgum fruit under four further Yellow Boxes with evidence of pruning by Little Corellas. This is the first record of actual seed dispersal by the species, as well as of the use of American Sweetgum as food. These observations underline the importance of psittacids as incidental dispersers of plant seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic hit the world, television industries had to rapidly adapt to the circumstances. While a substantial number of people were able to spend more time in front of their TVs, the executives had to make choices: should they tell stories about what was going on or should they try to create escapism? This article compares the responses given to these challenging times by the Argentine and Spanish television industries. Whereas both countries have long-standing cultural and economic ties, they differed in the length of their respective lockdowns, and this had an impact on the televisual answer to the crisis. In the case of Spain, commercial and public broadcasters and video-on-demand platforms produced half a dozen fiction series about the lockdown, focusing on the consequences of isolation and new social habits brought about by it. On the entertainment side, gossip talk-show Sálvame started to include public-service content in a remarkable transformation. Argentine free-to-air channels decided to re-run old telenovelas and focus on game and cooking adaptations of American and British formats (Family Feud, Masterchef, Bake Off). The public channel made just one online series about the "new normal" that had little success. By combining production studies with textual analysis, we hope to shed light on the responses given to the coronavirus crisis in two of the most important TV industries of the Spanish-speaking world on both sides of the Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Stable isotope analyses of hair have been used to estimate the consumption of human foods by American black bears (Ursus americanus). Consumption of human foods influences body mass and reproductive success of bears. However, the underlying factors that cause some bears to become conflict bears and resort to consuming human foods as a portion of their diet are not fully understood. We collected hair samples for stable isotope analysis from 51 black bears in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA in 2006. We used δ13C values of hairs to determine if the bears were consuming C3-based (natural foods) or C4-based (human foods) diets, and δ15N values, which increase with more meat in the diet, as a further indication of the consumption of human foods. Male bears with the heaviest tooth wear had a combination of higher δ15N and δ13C values, suggesting that they consume human foods to a greater extent than do other black bears. Based on our results, we hypothesize that tooth wear, and thus dental health, may play a role in the consumption of human foods by larger, male bears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an erratum published in the journal Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. It corrects a mistake in the first sentence of the Methods section of an article titled "Valorizing staple Native American food plants as a food resilience resource." The reference in the published version should read "Native American Ethnobotany (1998)" instead of "Consejo Nacional del Ambiente (2001)." The correction has been made to the article, and the publisher apologizes for the mistake. The article focuses on the importance of Native American food plants for food resilience and discusses agrobiodiversity, domestication, global catastrophic risk, nutritional value, and wild edible plants. [Extracted from the article]

• School lunchtime experiences influence children's cultural food socialization. • Limited experimental research on children's perceptions of foods across cultures. • Children rate American foods more positively than foods from different cultures. • Children's own preferences predict their choice of the American lunchbox table. • Implications for familiarity and social judgments are discussed. Previous research indicates that children make ingroup–outgroup judgments based on notions of food conventionality and that ethnic minority children have been teased or bullied for bringing non-conventional foods to school. This series of three studies experimentally investigated U.S. school-age children's evaluations of culturally diverse lunchbox foods. Study 1 examined an online sample of children aged 5 to 12 years and their evaluations of foods from four cultures (mainstream American, Chinese, Indian, and Mexican) on the taste, smell, and messiness of the food, the appropriateness of bringing the food to school, and whether "cool kids" eat the food. Compared with the mainstream American lunchbox, children rated the Chinese, Indian, and Mexican lunchboxes as less tasty, more messy, and less likely that cool kids would bring those foods to school. In Studies 2 and 3, we examined children's behavioral choices in a hypothetical cafeteria. In both studies, we found that the match between children's own lunch preferences and what was displayed in the mainstream American lunchbox was the only predictor of children's choice to sit at the table with the American lunchbox. Individual variables (e.g., child age, food pickiness) and contextual variables (e.g., neighborhood diversity) did not predict children's table choices. This research highlights children's understanding of familiarity and conventionality of foods and the social consequences of their behavioral choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ScaleLIT encountered unique challenges surrounding equity and inclusion due to changes brought about by COVID-19. Our position as a coalition that supports a variety of local, state, and national initiatives makes us a key player in the integration of leading with learning, not with technology; the implementation of Navigators and One Stop Operator at Cook County American Job Centers; and organizing virtual advocacy efforts to gain more involvement from community members and elected officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarly literature on the relationship between food and nationalism has achieved further momentum with the ascendancy of food and foodways as cultural heritage onto the international arena by way of such global institutions as The European Union and UNESCO. However, extant literature that explores how national claims to certain food items and practices are inextricably linked with wider, complex economic, cultural, and political issues is marked by sketchy references to food wars between Israel and Palestine which are devoid of a comprehensive analysis of their true nature in the context of Israel/Palestine. This article aims to critically examine in the Arab American play Food and Fadwa (2012) the web of relations between food and nationalism in Israel/Palestine, with particular focus on safeguarding traditional Palestinian food culture in a settler-colonial context. Firstly, I elaborate upon the specific context under which Palestinian and Israeli claims to certain food items inextricably linked to claims making to land and history. Then, I attempt to demonstrate the conceptual gap between food as cultural heritage in the context of Palestine/Israel and food as heritage in the context of 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Finally, I offer culinary sumud in Food and Fadwa as a daily, dynamic, constantly shifting, bottom-top, and multi-level strategy and praxis for safeguarding and sustaining Palestinian food culture against Israel's culinary colonialism, and as a "non-listed" expression of food heritagization. Such an approach opens up new avenues for alternative understandings and expressions of food other than those institutionalized conceptions to be found in the lists, inventories, and nominations of the 2003 Convention. Therefore, Food and Fadwa has much to say about safeguarding food culture in the context of Palestine/Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is widely used in tissue engineering due to its interesting properties, namely biocompatibility, biodegradability, elastic nature, availability, cost efficacy, and the approval of health authorities such as the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The PCL degradation rate is not the most adequate for specific applications such as skin regeneration due to the hydrophobic nature of bulk PCL. However, PCL electrospun fiber meshes, due to their low diameters resulting in high surface area, are expected to exhibit a fast degradation rate. In this work, in vitro and in vivo degradation studies were performed over 90 days to evaluate the potential of electrospun PCL as a wound dressing. Enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation studies in vitro, performed in a static medium, demonstrated the influence of lipase, which promoted a rate of degradation of 97% for PCL meshes. In an in vivo scenario, the degradation was slower, although the samples were not rejected, and were well-integrated in the surrounding tissues inside the subcutaneous pockets specifically created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes women's connections with cooking through the work of three female writers from Argentina. I uncover key moments in the history of the country in which culinary practices represent a channel for larger reflections on gender struggles and women's rights. I distinguish three representative cases within the complex and rich relationship between women, cooking, and feminism in Argentine literature: the incursion of nineteenth-century writers in recipe books; the feminists of the 1980s and their use of the culinary language as a political and erotic expression; and cooking and food as an exploration of new social and sexual orders in contemporary literature. Within each period, I focus on a particular writer and literary work: Juana Manuela Gorriti's Cocina ecléctica (1890), Tununa Mercado's short story "Antieros" (1988), and Gabriela Cabezón Cámara's Las aventuras de la China Iron (2017). These Argentine authors provide their knowledge on the diverse cultural roots and habits in South American cooking and give predominance to senses and desire over rational prescriptions on women's bodies, among other narrative strategies. Thus, analyzed as a corpus, these authors give us a broader idea of feminist practices through cooking and, ultimately, expand multiple meanings of feminism itself from a local perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author introduces the reader to the term food crime. After a literature review focusing on scholarship that has been done in the food crime area, the author illustrates what is particularly dangerous about American food, especially ultraprocessed foods high in salt, sugar, fat, and additives. The purpose of the paper is to refocus the food crime literature on problems with food itself by conducting a literature review of scholarship on food contents. The major finding of the paper is that the typical American diet is associated with more death and illness than all street crime combined, and this fact alone should make the paper of interest to criminologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I develop a concept that I call black culinary epistemologies. I argue that the cookbooks of Bryant Terry, African American chef and food justice activist, are an archive for black culinary epistemologies. I define black culinary epistemologies as the culinary knowledge produced by black cooks, chefs, and food preparers that build upon the black radical tradition, reframe black foods and black consumption, and participate in life-making practices in death-producing spaces. Terry builds upon this archive through his cookbooks and food activism. Black culinary epistemologies have numerous impacts: First, they demonstrate that black cooks, chefs and food preparers engage food as a critique of racism and inequities. Secondly, black culinary epistemologies highlight the ways in which black communities participate in alternative food practices. This contests the notion that "slow foods" is an idea of European origin and that black bodies only consume unhealthy foods. Finally, black culinary epistemologies demonstrate how food is a site through which black communities have produced vitality and empowerment. Through a cultural studies analysis, I argue that Terry's four cookbooks and food activism are sites that recuperate black culinary epistemologies. This paper brings together literature in cultural studies, food studies, and critical race studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short essay is about Simiyha's research as a visiting curator at the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts, where she developed an exhibit, Southern Foodways: The African American Experience , that focused on foodways and Black crafts in Moravian communities. This exhibition serves as a resource and tool to educate and enlighten those who do not know about African American influence on the Moravian diets and the artifacts they used and created during this time period. This exhibition incorporates archival documents, collections housed at Old Salem Museum, and historic research to articulate once-hidden African American food stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. agricultural industry is controlled by a handful of large corporations. Unprecedented levels of market consolidation has created a power disparity, where controlling corporations alone shape markets, often to the disadvantage of small agricultural producers. A primary, and often overlooked, cause of this consolidationdriven bargaining disadvantage, and its resulting harm, can be found in the lacking enforcement of the nation’s antitrust laws. Faulty metrics and lax legal interpretations employed by regulatory agencies have permitted large corporations to grab control of nearly every sector of the industry. From the seeds farmers plant to the markets they sell their goods into; the American food chain is one of the most consolidated areas of the entire economy. This unfettered concentration has been disastrous for small producers, increasing their costs and suppressing their profits, all while consumer costs continue to rise. Overall, this Note will present that a lack of enforcement of antitrust laws is a leading contributor to increased market consolidation of the agricultural industry, wreaking havoc on small producers, consumers, rural communities, and as a result, the whole nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So, (comma added) with lots of researchand huge support from the BlindconnectMobility Training Center in Las Vegas,Nevada, a virtual pilot cooking series forblind people began. The passion is for the love of cooking andthe feeling cooking gives me. Cooking wasn't a challenge for me due to aheritage of talented home cooks featuringFrench Creole, Native American andAfrican American cuisines. [Extracted from the article]

In 2007, the new dietary recommendations for the organization of nutrition in kindergartens were published in Croatia, and one of the most important goals in them was to regulate the intake of fats and fatty acids. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the energy value and the amount of fats and fatty acids in 5 kindergartens in the city of Zadar at an interval of 10 years after the implementation of the new dietary recommendations. A total of 45 daily menus (4 meals) were collected in 2007/2008 and 2018/2019, from which the amount of food was weighed to determine the portion size of the meals and their composition. The energy value and the amount of fats and fatty acids from the daily menus were calculated using the American and Danish food and beverage nutrient databases. The results show that in both periods of menu collection, the energy value was reduced (80-84% of recommendations) and the amounts of total fats and fatty acids were below recommendations. An increase in the amount of ω-6 fatty acids was observed in 2018/2019 compared to 2007/2008 (3.4 g / day vs. 4.5 g / day; p = 0.015). In addition, there were large differences in the amount of fats and fatty acids within the menus. The meat, poultry, fish and eggs group (about 18%) contributes to the highest intake of total fats, followed by milk and dairy products (about 14%) and grains, grains products, potatoes and rice (11%). No systematic improvement of the menus in the kindergartens was observed and it is necessary to identify the critical elements in the system due to which there has been no improvement in nutrition despite the existence of recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) is in general decline across its North American distribution. In contrast to widespread patterns of decline, kestrel populations appear stable in the southern Great Plains region. Historically, this region had a very low occurrence of kestrels, and their current abundance is highly likely due to vegetation and structures associated with settlement by people of European descent. To determine prey use by breeding kestrels, we placed motion-activated video cameras at preexisting kestrel nest boxes located in the Southern High Plains in 2017. We recorded over 4200 prey deliveries during 1748 hr of observation at five nests over the 4-wk brood-rearing period. On basis of frequency, these deliveries were dominated by reptiles (74.8%), with invertebrates (18.2%), mammals (4.4%), birds (2.9%), and unidentified (1.2%) prey used to lesser extents. Prey delivery rates were high relative to other studies; across the brood-rearing period we recorded an average of 2.3 deliveries/hr, equating to an average of 0.49 deliveries and 3.85 g of prey/nestling/hr. Because invertebrates dominate the diet reported in most kestrel food habit studies, the volume of reptiles captured as prey was unexpected. Even more unanticipated was the number of large prey captured, including juvenile eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) and ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus, Xerospermophilus spilosoma). We suspect the proportion of vertebrate prey captured during the nesting season may explain the local high rates of nesting success and number of young fledged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]