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Introduction: Hypermobility is diagnosed by detecting asymptomatic and increased mobility of the joints over accepted standards. It might be inborn or practiced. The second one is a result of regular exercising e.g. dance career which generates loads in excess of tissues' capacity of repairing which is leading to many chronic injuries. Main purpose of the research was to detect a correlation between the joint hypermobility presence and the injury occurrence in jazz dancers group. Material and methods: The research have been conducted among 30 jazz dancers and 30 non-dancers. There has been used a survey with the following questions related with the physical activity, treatment of the occurred injuries, type of the stabilizing exercises, pain's frequency and intensity (VAS Pain). In order to examine a hypermobility Beighton Score was used. Results: In 27 dancers the joint hypermobility was detected and 23 of them suffered an injury in their life. The most common type of injury was a biceps femoris muscle strain (12 people). An average number of points from Beighton Score was 5.53. In the control group the hypermobility was detected in 9 people. An average number of points was 2.13. Mostly dancers were complaining about the pain in the knee joint (15 people, avg. 2.07 VAS points). In the control group the pain was related with the lumbar spine column (12 people, avg. 1.33 VAS points). The points from Beighton Score reached by the dancers was correlated with the injuries occurrence. The time of doing stabilizing exercises had no impact on the prevalent contusions but there was a correlation between the time and the frequency and intensity of the pain. Conclusions: Benign hypermobility joint syndrome was more common among the dancers than non-dancers and was related with pain occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Objective Use logistic regression to determine a mathematical model which is able to predict injuries in aerobic gymnastics (AG) athletes, according to certain anthropometric characteristics. Subjects and methods In total, 73 athletes were recruited, of whom 51 were gymnasts and 22 were athletes from other sports. The independent variables were anthropometric characteristics of both lower extremities. The dependent variable was injury at the end of the season. Results The statistical model indicated that the effect of the Q angle on the likelihood of injury varies depending on the weight of the gymnast. An excessive Q angle is an anthropometric factor that may predispose to injury, especially the left Q angle. Conclusion Studies that analyze anthropometric characteristics can contribute to understanding what variables or parameters may cause injuries in athletes. Thus, in the future, intervention strategies could be developed and the onset of certain injuries could be prevented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of a worksite aerobic exercise intervention among cleaners on: work ability, need for recovery, productivity, and rating of exertion.Methods: In a monocentric randomised controlled trial in Denmark, 116, of 250 invited, cleaners were cluster-randomised (work location; sex; age; length of service) to aerobic exercise [N = 57, 44.9 years, 75.4% female, body mass index (BMI) 26.2], receiving 2 weekly aerobic exercise sessions during 12 months, or a reference group (N = 59, 45.7 years, 76.3% female, BMI 27.1), receiving health-promoting lectures. Self-reported data on outcomes and sociodemographic information were collected at baseline, and at 4 and 12 month follow-up. All outcomes were analysed in a linear repeated-measures 2 × 2 mixed-model by an intention-to-treat analysis approach.Results: Drop-out was 26 and 33% at 4 and 12 months, respectively. Aerobic exercise adherence was 51% during the first 4 months. At 4 month follow-up no effects were found. At 12 month follow-up, work ability significantly increased by 0.59 on a 0–10 scale (95% CI 0.05–1.13) and need for recovery significantly decreased by − 11.0 on a 0–100 scale (95% CI − 19.8 to − 2.2) in the aerobic exercise group compared to the reference group. Productivity and rating of exertion were unaltered. Analysis stratified on age showed significant effects only among the participants aged ≤ 45 years.Conclusions: After 12 months work ability improved and need for recovery decreased. A period of 4 months was insufficient to affect these outcomes emphasising that longer interventions may be needed to induce effects on work ability and need for recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extreme conditioning programs (ECPs) are fitness training regimens relying on aerobic, plyometric, and resistance training exercises, often with high levels of intensity for a short duration of time. These programs have grown rapidly in popularity in recent years, but science describing the safety profile of these programs is lacking.Hypothesis: The rate of injury in the extreme conditioning program is greater than the injury rate of weightlifting and the majority of injuries occur to the shoulder and back.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Level Of Evidence: Level 4.Methods: This is a retrospective survey of injuries reported by athletes participating in an ECP. An injury survey was sent to 1100 members of Iron Tribe Fitness, a gym franchise with 5 locations across Birmingham, Alabama, that employs exercises consistent with an ECP in this study. An injury was defined as a physical condition resulting from ECP participation that caused the athlete to either seek medical treatment, take time off from exercising, or make modifications to his or her technique to continue.Results: A total of 247 athletes (22%) completed the survey. The majority (57%) of athletes were male (n = 139), and 94% of athletes were white (n = 227). The mean age of athletes was 38.9 years (±8.9 years). Athletes reported participation in the ECP for, on average, 3.6 hours per week (± 1.2 hours). Eighty-five athletes (34%) reported that they had sustained an injury while participating in the ECP. A total of 132 injuries were recorded, yielding an estimated incidence of 2.71 per 1000 hours. The shoulder or upper arm was the most commonly injured body site, accounting for 38 injuries (15% of athletes). Athletes with a previous shoulder injury were 8.1 times as likely to injure their shoulder in the ECP compared with athletes with healthy shoulders. The trunk, back, head, or neck (n = 29, 12%) and the leg or knee (n = 29, 12%) were the second most commonly injured sites. The injury incidence rate among athletes with <6 months of experience in the ECP was 2.5 times greater than that of more experienced athletes (≥6 months of experience). Of the 132 injuries, 23 (17%) required surgical intervention. Squat cleans, ring dips, overhead squats, and push presses were more likely to cause injury. Athletes reported that 35% of injuries were due to overexertion and 20% were due to improper technique.Conclusion: The estimated injury rate among athletes participating in this ECP was similar to the rate of injury in weightlifting and most other recreational activities. The shoulder or upper arm was the most commonly injured area, and previous shoulder injury predisposed to new shoulder injury. New athletes are at considerable risk of injury compared with more experienced athletes.Clinical Relevance: Extreme conditioning programs are growing in popularity, and there is disagreement between science and anecdotal reports from athletes, coaches, and physicians about their relative safety. This study estimates the incidence of injury in extreme conditioning programs, which appears to be similar to other weight-training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During acute exercise, the concentration of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipids (ox-HDL) is reported to increase suggesting that HDL may function in decreasing the concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lipids. However, the effect of exercise intervention on the lipid peroxide transport function of HDL is unknown. A randomized controlled trial with sedentary women (N = 161), aged 43–63, with no current use of hormone therapy, were randomized into a 6-month (mo) exercise group and a control group. During the 6-mo intervention, the concentration of ox-HDL increased in the exercise group by 5% and decreased in the control group by 2% (p = .003). Also, the ratio of ox-HDL to HDL-cholesterol increased by 5% in the exercise group and decreased by 1.5% in the control group (p = .036). The concentrations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and adiponectin did not change during the intervention. The concentration of serum triglycerides trended to decrease by 6% in the intervention group (p = .051). We found that the concentration of ox-HDL increased during the 6-mo aerobic exercise intervention, but the increase was not related to changes in the levels of CETP or adiponectin. These results, together with earlier studies, suggest that HDL has an active role in the reverse transport of lipid peroxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in late adolescence and adulthood is associated with a higher risk of suicide; however, it is unknown whether this association is also present in people who sustained a TBI during childhood. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether experiencing a TBI during childhood is a risk factor for suicide later in life and to examine whether the risk of suicide differs by sex or injury severity. A cohort of 135,703 children aged 0-17 years was identified from the Quebec population-based physician reimbursement database in 1987, and follow-up was conducted until 2008. Of the children in this cohort, 21,047 had sustained a TBI. Using a survival analysis with time-dependent indicators of TBI, we found a higher risk of suicide for people who sustained a TBI during childhood (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 2.14), adolescence (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.26), and adulthood (HR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.79, 3.59). When compared with less severe injuries, such as concussions and cranial fractures, more severe injuries, such as intracranial hemorrhages, were associated with a higher risk of suicide (HR = 2.18 vs. 2.77, respectively). Repeated injuries were associated with higher risks of suicide in all age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to provide an epidemiological profile of injuries sustained by participants in fitness activities in Victoria, Australia, based on hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) presentations and to identify the most common types, causes, and sites of these injuries.Method:Hospital-treated fitness activity-related injury cases were identified from International Classification of Disease activity codes (for admissions) and from text narratives of injury events (for ED presentations) from 2003 to 2010, inclusive. Cases were categorized as being associated with aerobics/group exercise (n = 252), resistance/weight training (n = 830) or “other equipment” (motorized and general gym equipment;n = 1,156). Participation information was taken from the Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey.Results:Overall, 2,238 cases were identified and 11.6% of all patients with ED presentations were subsequently hospitalized. Those participants with aerobics cases were generally female (76.6%) and aged 25 to 34 years old (35.3%), with injuries to the lower limbs (59.1%) and due to falls (57.9%). Resistance-training injuries increased significantly during the 8-year period (by 215.7%; 95% CI [133.5, 326.9]) and generally occurred in male participants (78.0%), in people aged 15 to 24 years old (36.4%), and with injuries to the upper limbs (45.1%) caused by being hit, struck, or crushed by weights or fellow exercisers (71.4%). The “other equipment” cases were equally distributed by gender; they occurred most commonly in people aged 15 to 24 years old (27.8%), with injuries to the lower limbs (41.5%) and due to falls (57.6%). Across all categories, dislocations, sprains, and strains were the most common injury types.Conclusions:Fitness activity-related injury prevention strategies should be targeted at different subgroups according to the type of fitness activity being undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The aim of the study was an assessment of posture in women who regularly perform aerobic exercise. Methods. The study group consisted of 50 women actively participating in aerobics classes (mean: age 28.64 ± 5.3 years, body mass 59.83 ± 6.7 kg, height 167.75 ± 4.9 cm, BMI 21.24 ± 3.6 m/kg2) and a control group of 50 women not involved in any regular physical activity (mean: age 28.55 ± 5.05 years, body mass 62.47 ± 10.5 kg, height 167.74 ± 4.8 cm, BMI 22.26 ± 4.8 m/kg2). All participants were subjected to a photogrammetric assessment of posture. Results. Statistically significant differences in posture were identified between the two groups for lumbarosacral and thoracolumbar spinal curvatures. Conclusions. Women who regularly perform aerobic exercise present greater thoracic kyphosis and shoulder asymmetry than women not involved in aerobics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There is limited information on injury patterns in Step Aerobic Instructors (SAI) who exclusively execute "step" aerobic classes.OBJECTIVE: To record the type and the anatomical position in relation to diagnosis of muscular skeletal injuries in step aerobic instructors. Also, to analyse the days of absence due to chronic injury in relation to weekly working hours, height of the step platform, working experience and working surface and footwear during the step class.METHODS: The Step Aerobic Instructors Injuries Questionnaire was developed, and then validity and reliability indices were calculated. 63 SAI completed the questionnaire. For the statistical analysis of the data, the method used was the analysis of frequencies, the non-parametric test χ^{2} (chi square distribution), correlation and linear and logistic regressions analysis from the SPSS statistical package. RESULTS: 63 SAI reported 115 injuries that required more than 2 days absence from step aerobic classes. The chronic lower extremity injuries were 73.5%, with the leg pain, the anterior knee pain, the plantar tendinopathy and the Achilles tendinopathy being most common overuse syndromes. The working hours, the platform height, the years of aerobic dance seem to affect the days of absence due to chronic lower limb injury occurrence in SAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zumba is a highly popular Latin-inspired dance fitness program with ~14 million participants in 150 countries. However, there is little published data on the rates or types of injuries among participants. We surveyed a convenience sample of 49 adults (100% participation) in 5 Zumba classes in Hawai'i. Participants described any prior Zumba-related injuries. We used t-tests and logistic regression to determine if participant demographics or intensity of Zumba classes were associated with injuries. Participants were mostly female (82%), averaged 43.9 years of age (range 19 to 69 years), and took an average of 3 classes/week (1-2 hours/class) for an average of 11 months. Fourteen participants (29%) reported 21 prior Zumba-related injuries. Half of the 14 injured sought care from medical providers for their injuries. Of the 21 injuries, the most frequently injured sites were knees (42%), ankles (14%), and shoulders (14%). Participants with Zumba-related injuries did not differ significantly in age, months of Zumba, or hours/class compared to those who did not experience injuries. However, participants who reported injuries took significantly more classes/week (3.8 versus 2.7 classes, P = .006) than non-injured participants. In logistic regression, taking more classes/week remained significantly associated with injuries (odds ratio 3.6 [95% confidence interval 1.5 - 8.9, P = .006]) after controlling for age, gender, months of Zumba, and hours/class. Given Zumba's health benefits, our finding that 1 in 4 Zumba participants have experienced injuries indicates the need to improve Zumba routines, instructor training, and health provider counseling to reduce injury risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study regarding the effects of repetitive rounds of voluntary and electrically stimulated exercise to muscle injury. It mentions that the study aims to examine the significance of neural adjustments through evaluating the result of repetitive rounds of voluntary and electrically stimulated exercise to muscle injury. In addition, the researchers observe sixteen persons including nine male and seven female who will be performing the exercises. According to the researchers, the impacts of both exercises on muscles are the same.

The article presents a study regarding force levels and muscle injuries. It mentions that the study aims to analyze the part of force in muscle injury with exercises. In addition, the researchers observe ten people including six men and four women. According to the author, the subjects are followed when doing exercises that perform eccentric contractions of quadriceps femoris. Furthermore, the researchers find out that high specific forces of humans are vital in the introduction of muscle injury due to exercise.

Exercises are inductive of increases in serun CK concentration, microinjuries marker, being speculated that the use of creatine supplementation would increases this effect. The aim of this study was to verify if creatine supplementation modifies the concentration of CK in sedentary submitted the exercises. Twenty seven sedentary men, between 18 and 25 years had participated of controlled a double-blind study placebo. In the first day all had been submitted to a evaluation and later divided in 2 groups: C (n = 15) and P (n = 12). After the supplementation all had been submitted to a program of 5 exercises (3×10 repetitions) 85% of 1RM. The subjects had the concentration of CK measured before the suplementação, immediately before, 4h and 24h after the exercises. It had increase in the MCT of the subjects supplemented with creatine (0,7 ± 0,3 kg). the variation of the concentration of CK did not have increase of measured after the supplementation and after the exercise, however the CK concentration after increased 24h in both the groups (253 ± 27% in 262 group C and ± 31% in group P). The difference of the CK concentration after-exercise (24h) was bigger in both the groups analyzed in this study without, however to show effect of the supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents have been identified in tart cherries. Objective: To test the efficacy of a fart cherry juice blend in preventing the symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage. Methods: This was a randomised, placebo controlled, crossover design. Fourteen male college students drank 12 fl oz of a cherry juice blend or a placebo twice a day for eight consecutive days. A bout of eccentric elbow flexion contractions (2 × 20 maximum contractions) was performed on the fourth day of supplementation. Isometric elbow flexion strength, pain, muscle tenderness, and relaxed elbow angle were recorded before and for four days after the eccentric exercise. The protocol was repeated two weeks later with subjects who took the placebo initially, now taking the cherry juice (and vice versa). The opposite arm performed the eccentric exercise for the second bout to avoid the repeated bout protective effect. Results: Strength loss and pain were significantly less in the cherry juice trial versus placebo (time by treatment: strength p<0.0001, pain p = 0.017). Relaxed elbow angle (time by treatment p = 0.85) and muscle tenderness (time by treatment p = 0.81) were not different between trials. Conclusions: These data show efficacy for this cherry juice in decreasing some of the symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage. Most notably, strength loss averaged over the four days after eccentric exercise was 22% with the placebo but only 4% with the cherry juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare changes in circulating energy sources during prolonged exercise in oft season (OS) and pre-season (PS) training of triathletes. Methods: Nine athletes of the Swiss national triathlon team (three female, mean (SD) age 28.7(4.9) years, height 169.8 (6.0) cm, weight 57.0 (6.2) kg, Vo2MAX 66.5 (5.3) ml/min/kg; six male, mean (SD) age 24.0 (4.1) years, height 181.4 (6.9) cm, weight 73.5 (6.0) kg, Vo2MAX 75.9 (4.9) ml/min/kg) were tested twice (2.5 months apart) during a 25 km aerobic capacity test run at the end of the OS and lust before the season. The average training toad during the OS was 9.9 h/week, and this increased to 14.4 h/week in the PS. With heart rates as reference, exercise intensity during the aerobic capacity test was 97.0 (4.9)% of the anaerobic threshold and 91.2 (4.5)% of Vo2MAX. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after the aerobic capacity test. Samples were collected every 5 km during three minute rest intervals. Results: Blood was analysed for triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, lactate, and changes in plasma volume. A two factor (season by distance) repeated measures analysis of variance revealed an increase in capacity for prolonged exercise in the PS by a decrease in running intensity during the aerobic capacity test (% of speed at 2.0 mmol/l lactate threshold, p = 0.008), an increase in running speed at the anaerobic threshold (p = 0.003) and at 4.0 and 2.0 mmol/l (p<0.001) of the lactate threshold. A significant season by distance interaction was found for TG (p<0.001). TO concentrations peaked at 5 km and decreased logarithmically throughout the OS (1.48 (0.34) to 0.86 (0.20) mmol/l) and PS (1.90 (0.31) to 0.73 (0.18) mmol/l) tests. From the OS to the PS, there was an increase in the difference in TG at 5-15 km with a concomitant increase at 2.0 mmol/l of the lactate threshold. The peak TG concentrations at 5 km followed by a logarithmic decrease suggest that TG may also provide circulating energy. A greater logarithmic decrease in TG occurred in the PS than in the OS, indicating a higher rate of use. There was an increase in the difference in TG at 5-15 km similar to the increase in the speed at 2.0 mmol/l of the lactate threshold between the two seasons. Glucose, insulin, lactate, and free fatly acids were similar in the two seasons. Conclusion: Free fatly acid and TO concentrations were much higher than expected, and the two training seasons showed significantly different patterns of TG concentration during prolonged running. These responses may be related to aerobic capacity of prolonged exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerobics is a relatively new and still evolving, vigorous physical activity. This article presents a critical review of the literature relating to the epidemiology of aerobics injuries published from 1975 to 2000. Much of the early literature relates to high-impact aerobics, whereas the later studies cover a range of aerobics variants. The significant methodological limitations of the existing studies are summarized. Injury rates are generally higher in class participants than in instructors, There is a predominance of injuries to the lower leg, with the shin being the most commonly injured body region. As a result of the continuing evolution of aerobics, ongoing epidemiological studies are needed, and these should differentiate between aerobics variants. Ideally, prospective studies of participants should be conducted, and the methodological limitations of the studies to date must also be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the physiological effect of behind-the-neck exercise. Possibility of microtraumatic damage; Disadvantages of the exercise; Rehabilitation of injury; Treatment of neck injuries.

With the increase in popularity of the CrossFitexercise program, occupational health nurses may beasked questions about the appropriateness of CrossFittraining for workers. This systematic literature review wasconducted to analyze the current research on CrossFit,and assess the benefits and risks of this exercise strategy.Thirteen studies (N = 2,326 participants) examined the useof CrossFit training among adults; CrossFit is comparableto other exercise programs with similar injury rates andhealth outcomes. Occupational health nurses shouldassess previous injuries prior to recommending this formof exercise. Ideal candidates for CrossFit are adults whoseek high-intensity exercise with a wide variety of exercisecomponents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes electric bike–related injuries from 2004 to 2010, and suggests injury prevention strategies to reduce electric bike–related injuries in China and other countries. Electric bike–related injuries data were obtained from the Bureau of Traffic Management at the Ministry of Public Security. Linear regression was used to identify statistically significant trends in electric bike–related injuries over the period. The results showed electric bike–related nonfatal injury rate had increased almost 4-fold and mortality rate increased 6-fold from 2004 to 2010. Linear regression showed a significant increase of 0.23 per 100 000 population per year (95% confidence interval = 0.18-0.29, P < .001) in the casualty rate from electric bike–related road traffic injuries. China will face new challenges arising from electric bike–related injuries. Programs need to be developed to prevent nonfatal injuries and fatalities caused by electric bike–related crashes in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]