Bruno Hoen, Jean-François Guégan, Corinne Jadand, P. Le Turnier, P. Martin, Catherine Leport, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The authors also thank the following institutions, agencies and learned societies for their continuous human and financial support: Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Chaire santé de Sciences-Po, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce (EVDG), Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique (HCSP), Institut Pasteur de Paris (IPP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Instituts Thématiques Multi-Organismes (ITMOs) Santé Publique (SP) et Immunologie, inflammation, infectiologie et microbiologie (I3M) de l’Alliance nationale pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé (AVIESAN), Agence Santé Publique France (SpF), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française (SPILF), and Université Paris Diderot. They also which to thank the Foundation SCOR pour la Science for its funding support in the organization of this 7th Seminar., LESUR, Hélène, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
International audience; The social, economic and political consequences of emerging infectious disease (EID) may escape the sphere in which they first arise. In recent years, many EIDs have revealed the close links between human, animal and plant health, highlighting the need for multi-scale, multisectorial EID management. Human beings play a dual role in EID because they can promote their development through numerous human-environment interfaces and expanding international trade. On the other hand, their ability to analyze, interpret and act on the determinants of EID allows them to access the expertise necessary to control these EIDs. This expertise must be constantly adapted to remain relevant as the EID evolves, particularly in its virulence or transmission channels. Flexibility should become an inherent part of the expertise-based decision-making process even if it means going backwards. A certain degree of transparency and feedback to citizens is necessary for the acceptability of political decisions basing on expertise. A key step in the management of EID is the appropriate management of the early signal of infectious emergence. This step combines multidisciplinary skills allowing access to the best pathway for containing EID by implementing early countermeasures adapted to the situation. New digital technologies could significantly improve this early detection phase. Finally, experts have a fundamental role to play because they are located at the interface between operational actors and decision-makers, which allows multidirectional feedback, ideally in real time, between professional actors and decision makers. To combat current and future EIDs, expertise should be based on a multi-sectorial approach, promotion of collegiality and continuously adaptation to the evolving nature of EIDs.