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9 results on '"ACCURATE METHOD"'

1. On accurate solution of the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind.

Author

Amiri, Sadegh, Hajipour, Mojtaba, and Baleanu, Dumitru

Subjects
*INTEGRAL equations, *ALGEBRAIC equations, *FREDHOLM equations, *ERROR analysis in mathematics, *TRIGONOMETRIC functions, *COSINE function, *COMPUTER simulation, *EQUATIONS
Abstract

• An accurate method is developed to solve one- and two-dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. • The numerical method involves the use of a new shifted Cosine-trigonometric basis functions to approximate the solution of the problem. • The error analysis of the proposed method is derived. • Comparative results show that this method is accurate than the other existing methods in the literature. In this paper, an accurate numerical method based on the cosine-trigonometric basis functions is developed to solve the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. By using the proposed method, the presented equation is converted into a system of algebraic equations. The convergence analysis of the proposed method is also investigated. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, the numerical simulations of various types of one- and two-dimensional examples are prepared. Comparative results show that this method is accurate than the other existing methods in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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2. Accurate Optimization Method for Allocation of Heterogeneous Resources in Embedded Systems

Author

Berrahou, Aissam, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Abdulla, Parosh Aziz, editor, and Delporte-Gallet, Carole, editor

Published
2016
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3. Minimum surcharge load of URM walls under flexure and axial force / Mindestauflast bei Biegung mit Normalkraft.

Author

Jäger, Wolfram, Montazerolghaem, Mahdi, and Hauschild, Carola

Subjects
*SURCHARGES, *FLEXURE, *ARCH model (Econometrics), *EN1996 Eurocode 6 (Standard), *MASONRY, *STANDARDS
Abstract

This paper suggests a detailed parametric study, which has been drawn up in connection with the question of the necessity of verification of masonry wall by a minimum vertical load subject to bending and normal force by the author and his team [7]. It assumes the actual eccentricities from supporting due floors and takes into account the second order theory in middle of wall according to DIN EN 1996-1-1 or the German NA. In some cases, the model is derived for very high wind loads to its limits. Using the arch model which is introduced in DIN EN 1996-1-1 and may be applied by NA, is helpful and effective. This method may provide higher capacity rather than for example, with the bar or plate model. In this article the verification by means of the arch model will be presented and discussed. It is also shown that, forming an arch opposing to the horizontal wind load and low vertical loads may not come to a stability failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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4. Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology

Author

Molinaro, Antonio, Bel Lassen, Pierre, Henricsson, Marcus, Wu, Hao, Adriouch, Solia, Belda, Eugeni, Chakaroun, Rima, Nielsen, Trine, Bergh, Per-Olof, Rouault, Christine, Andre, Sebastien, Marquet, Florian, Andreelli, Fabrizio, Salem, Joe-Elie, Assmann, Karen, Bastard, Jean-Philippe, Forslund, Sofia, Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle, Falony, Gwen, Pons, Nicolas, Prifti, Edi, Quinquis, Benoit, Roume, Hugo, Vieira-Silva, Sara, Hansen, Tue H., Pedersen, Helle Krogh, Lewinter, Christian, Sønderskov, Nadja B., Køber, Lars, Vestergaard, Henrik, Hansen, Torben, Zucker, Jean-Daniel, Galan, Pilar, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Raes, Jeroen, Oppert, Jean-Michel, Letunic, Ivica, Nielsen, Jens, Bork, Peer, Ehrlich, S. Dusko, Stumvoll, Michael, Pedersen, Oluf, Aron-Wisneswky, Judith, Clement, Karine, Baeckhed, Fredrik, Molinaro, Antonio, Bel Lassen, Pierre, Henricsson, Marcus, Wu, Hao, Adriouch, Solia, Belda, Eugeni, Chakaroun, Rima, Nielsen, Trine, Bergh, Per-Olof, Rouault, Christine, Andre, Sebastien, Marquet, Florian, Andreelli, Fabrizio, Salem, Joe-Elie, Assmann, Karen, Bastard, Jean-Philippe, Forslund, Sofia, Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle, Falony, Gwen, Pons, Nicolas, Prifti, Edi, Quinquis, Benoit, Roume, Hugo, Vieira-Silva, Sara, Hansen, Tue H., Pedersen, Helle Krogh, Lewinter, Christian, Sønderskov, Nadja B., Køber, Lars, Vestergaard, Henrik, Hansen, Torben, Zucker, Jean-Daniel, Galan, Pilar, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Raes, Jeroen, Oppert, Jean-Michel, Letunic, Ivica, Nielsen, Jens, Bork, Peer, Ehrlich, S. Dusko, Stumvoll, Michael, Pedersen, Oluf, Aron-Wisneswky, Judith, Clement, Karine, and Baeckhed, Fredrik

Abstract

Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism. Gut microbial metabolism of nutrients contributes to metabolic diseases, and the histidine metabolite imidazole propionate (ImP) is produced by type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated microbiome. Here the authors report that circulating ImP levels are increased in subjects with prediabetes or T2D in three European populations, and this increase associates with altered gut microbiota rather than dietary histidine.

Published
2020

5. Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology

Author

Bel Lassen, Pierre, Nielsen, Trine, Bergh, Per-Olof, Rouault, Christine, André, Sébastien, Marquet, Florian, Andreelli, Fabrizio, Salem, Joe-Elie, Assmann, Karen, Bastard, Jean-Philippe, Forslund, Sofia, Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle, Falony, Gwen, Pons, Nicolas, Prifti, Edi, Quinquis, Benoit, Roume, Hugo, Vieira-Silva, Sara, Hansen, Tue, Pedersen, Helle Krogh, Lewinter, Christian, Sønderskov, Nadja, Vestergaard, Henrik, Raes, Jeroen, Nielsen, Jens, Bork, Peer, Ehrlich, S. Dusko, Pedersen, Oluf, Aron-Wisneswky, Judith, Clément, Karine, Bäckhed, Fredrik, Molinaro, Antonio, Lassen, Pierre, Henricsson, Marcus, Wu, Hao, Adriouch, Solia, Belda, Eugeni, Chakaroun, Rima, Nielse, Trine, Bergh, Christine, Rouault, Sébastien, Andr, Florian, Marquet, Fabrizio, Andreelli, Joe-Elie, Salem, Karen, Assmann, Jean-Philippe, Bastard, Sofia, Forslund, Emmanuelle, Le Chatelier, Gwen, Falon, Nicolas, Pons, Edi, Prift, Benoit, Quinquis, Hugo, Roume, Sara, Vieira-Silv, Tue, Hansen, Krogh, Pedersen, Christian, Lewinter, Nadja, The, Metacardis, Køber, Lars, Vestergaar, Henrik, Hansen, Torben, Zucker, Jean-Daniel, Galan, Pilar, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Rae, Jeroen, Oppert, Jean-Michel, Letunic, Ivica, Nielse, Jens, Ehrlic, S, Stumvoll, Michael, Pederse, Oluf, Aron-Wisnewsky, Judith, Bäckhe, Fredrik, Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Partenaires INRAE, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (nutriomics) (UMR-S 1269 INSERM - Sorbonne Université), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile-de-France (CRNH-IDF), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Sorbonne Université (SU), Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Paris Est, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP Hôpital Tenon [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Experimental and Clinical Research Center [Berlin, Germany], Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology [Belgium], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust-Imperial College London, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine - Ile de France (CRNH - IDF), Biobyte Solutions GMBH, Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (UMR-S 1269) (Nutriomics), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CETAF-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Auteur indépendant, Commission of the European Communities, and Universität Leipzig

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, ACCURATE METHOD, endocrine system diseases, Metabolite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, Type 2 diabetes, GUT MICROBIOME, GLUCOSE, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, Prediabetes, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, RISK, Multidisciplinary, biology, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, Imidazoles, HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Multidisciplinary Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Enterotype, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Carbohydrate metabolism, Microbiology, digestive system, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Histidine, Author Correction, PHYSIOLOGY, Aged, Science & Technology, Bacteria, General Chemistry, Metabolism, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, MetaCardis Consortium, METAGENOME, INDIVIDUALS, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, lcsh:Q, Bacteroides
Abstract

Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism., Gut microbial metabolism of nutrients contributes to metabolic diseases, and the histidine metabolite imidazole propionate (ImP) is produced by type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated microbiome. Here the authors report that circulating ImP levels are increased in subjects with prediabetes or T2D in three European populations, and this increase associates with altered gut microbiota rather than dietary histidine.

Published
2020

6. Exploration of Heterogeneous Resources in Embedded Systems.

Author

Berrahou, Aissam, Sefrioui, Nassim, Diouri, Ouafaa, and Eleuldj, Mohsine

Subjects
EMBEDDED computer systems, HETEROGENEOUS computing, LOAD balancing (Computer networks), LINEAR programming, MULTIPLE criteria decision making
Abstract

In this article we will address the multi-objective exploration problem of heterogeneous resources in embedded systems. The solution searched is to minimize the cost of execution and communication based on the following constraints: tasks with precedence constraints, deterministic scheduling (the execution time of each task is known), communication model, distributed platform with uniform cores, load balancing, size of memories associated... For this, we used linear programming with boolean variables communally know by BIP (Binary Integer Programming) as a method of multi-objective optimization to find the optimal solutions. The choice of such a method is motivated by the fact that it allows the realization of solutions called high-performance Pareto. Although this problem is NP-complete, this method provides optimal solutions in reasonable computation time. It determines in a single execution an optimal solution and this even if the problems are not convex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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7. Validation of the microplate method and studies on a resistance to fungicide fluxapiroxade in populations of Pyricularia graminis-tritici in Brazil

Author

Casado, Priscila Santos [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Ceresini, Paulo Cezar [UNESP], Carvalho, Giselle de [UNESP], and Sabbag, Omar José [UNESP]

Subjects
Resistência a fungicidas, Natural selection, Fast, Mutation, Acurado, Método rápido, Accurate method, Seleção Natural, Mutação, Resistance to fungicides
Abstract

Submitted by PRISCILA SANTOS CASADO null (pri.casado@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-22T18:46:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Priscila Casado.pdf: 1866790 bytes, checksum: 8d4b39875813bd43bc592acd4b71faef (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-10-26T15:50:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 casado_ps_me_ilha.pdf: 1866790 bytes, checksum: 8d4b39875813bd43bc592acd4b71faef (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T15:50:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 casado_ps_me_ilha.pdf: 1866790 bytes, checksum: 8d4b39875813bd43bc592acd4b71faef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Na primeira etapa da nossa pesquisa propusemos e testamos a utilização de um método baseado em leitor automatizado de microplacas para detectar resistência a fungicidas em populações do fungo hemibiotrófico fitopatogênico Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pygt) associado à brusone do trigo no Brasil. A disponibilidade de um método mais rápido, acurado e eficiente para detecção de resistência a fungicidas facilitaria a tomada de decisão sobre o manejo químico da brusone do trigo no país. Como há indícios da ineficácia de fungicidas triazóis (DMI) no controle da brusone do trigo e evidências da ocorrência generalizada de resistência a estrobilurinas (QoI) em populações de Pygt no Brasil, inicialmente, testou-se a aplicação do método de microplacas para detecção de resistência a estes dois grupos de fungicidas. O método de microplaca foi acurado em discriminar a variação fenotípica na sensibilidade entre isolados do patógeno aos fungicidas DMI tebuconazol e epoxiconazol e ao fungicida QoI azoxistrobina. Economicamente, ambos os métodos representam um alto investimento inicial. Portanto, é necessário analisar, de forma integral, as necessidades de cada laboratório ou grupo de pesquisa quanto à aquisição dos equipamentos necessários para a fenotipagem visando detecção de resistência a fungicidas em atividades de rotina. Na segunda etapa do nosso estudo buscou-se evidências de resistência ao fungicida SDHI fluxapiroxade em populações de Pygt. Para se estabelecer o baseline de populações do patógeno da brusone do trigo ao fungicida fluxapiroxade, determinou-se a distribuição de frequência de padrões de sensibilidade, com base na EC50 (concentração suficiente para inibir 50% do crescimento micelial fúngico) de cada isolado. Fenótipos extremos de sensibilidade e resistência a fluxapiroxade foram detectados nas diferentes populações do patógeno. Considerando que os fungicidas da segunda geração de SDHI são de alto risco para desenvolvimento de resistência em populações de fipatógenos, é necessária a avaliação do registro e recomendação de uso contínuo do fluxapiroxade, como único princípio ativo numa formulação para o manejo da brusone e de outras doenças do trigo no Brasil. Como estratégia anti-emergência para evitar resistência a SDHI, esse fungicida só poderia ser registrado em co-formulações com outro princípio ativo de baixo risco para resistência. In the first part of our study, we proposed and tested the use of an automated microplate reader to detect resistance to fungicides in populations of the plant pathogenic hemibiotrophic fungus Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pygt) associated with the wheat blast disease in Brazil. The availability of a faster, more accurate and efficient method for detecting resistance to fungicies would facilitate the decision making on the chemical management of wheat blast in the country. Because there is indication of inefficacy of triazole fungicides (DMI) for wheat blast control and evidence of the widespread occurrence of strobilurin (QoI) resistance in pathogen populations in Brazil, initially, we tested the application of the microplate method for detecting resistance to these two fungicide groups. The microplate method was accurate in discriminating the phenotypic variation in sensitivity between isolates of the pathogen to the fungicides DMI tebuconazole and epoxiconazole and the fungicide QoI azoxystrobin. Economically, both methods require a high initial investment. Therefore, it is necessary to fully analyze the needs of each laboratory or research group regarding the acquisition of the equipments necessary for phenotyping to detect resistance to fungicides in routine activities. In the second part of our study, using the microplate method, we searched for evidence of resistance to the SDHI fungicide fluxapiroxade in populations of Pygt. To establish the baseline of populations of the wheat blast pathogen to fluxapiroxade, the frequency distribution of sensitivity patterns was determined based on the EC50 (concentration sufficient to inhibit 50% mycelial fungal growth) of each isolate. Extreme phenotypes of sensitivity and resistance to fluxapiroxade were detected in the different pathogen populations. Whereas the second generation of SDHI fungicides are at high risk for development of resistance in populations of plant pathogens, it is necessary to review the labeling and recommendation of continuous application of fluxapyroxad, as the sole active ingredient in any formulation for chemical management of wheat blast and other wheat diseases in Brazil. As an antiemergence strategy to avoid the resistance to SDHI, this fungicide could only be labeled in co-formulations with another active ingredient of low risk for resistance.

Published
2017

8. Nonconventional characterization of single-mode planar proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides by Cherenkov second harmonic generation

Author

Ramponi, R, Marangoni, M, Osellame, Russo, and V

Subjects
ACCURATE METHOD, Materials science, Lithium niobate, Physics::Optics, Waveguide (optics), NIOBATE WAVE-GUIDES, REFRACTIVE-INDEX PROFILES, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Planar, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, CONFIGURATION, TEMPERATURE, Cherenkov radiation, second harmonic generation, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Second-harmonic generation, Nonlinear optics, nonlinear optical waveguides, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, proton-exchanged lithium niobate waveguides, chemistry, waveguide characterization, business, Refractive index
Abstract

A nonconventional characterization method for single-mode planar proton-exchanged (PE) LiNbO3 waveguides is presented. The method exploits the dependence of the output angle of Cherenkov second-harmonic radiation-mode on the boundary conditions of the fundamental guided mode, and thus, in particular, on the cover refractive index. The measurement of this angle in the presence of different Liquid covers of known refractive index provides sufficient information to determine both parameters of the waveguide refractive-index profile, i.e., the index change and the optical depth. The experimental results confirm the reliability of the method proposed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1999

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