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Summary: Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) performs well when storing and managing large files. However, its performance significantly decreases when dealing with massive small files. In response to this problem, a novel archive‐based solution is proposed. The archive refers to merging multiple small files into larger data files, which can effectively reduce the memory usage of the NameNode. The current archive‐based solutions have the disadvantages of long access time, long archive construction time, and no support for storage, updating and deleting small files in the archive system. Our method utilizes a dynamic hash function to distribute the metadata of small files across multiple metadata files. We construct a primary index that combines dynamic and static indexes for these metadata files. Regarding data files, include some read‐only files and one readable–writable file. A small file's contents are written into a readable and writable file. Upon reaching a predetermined threshold, the readable–writable file transitions into read‐only status, with a fresh readable–writable file replacing it. Experimental results show that the scheme improves the efficiency of archive access and archive creation and is more efficient than the original HDFS storage and update efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival legislation provides a framework for how national archives should function in different countries. Being crucial archival legislation should therefore clearly underscore how to access the holdings and all other restrictions linked to accessing specific holdings. Since outreach, advocacy, and public programming initiatives facilitate access, archival legislation should provide legal grounds to ensure the planning and implementation of such programmes. Recent literature indicates that there is the limited use of archives by communities in East and Southern Africa, proving that archival public programming, outreach and advocacy efforts in the region still leaves much to be desired in addressing this challenge. Extant literature on facilitating access to archives in this region does not mention much about the role of legislation and policies in strengthening these initiatives. A qualitative content analysis of different archival legislations from selected countries in East and Southern Africa and related literature helped to determine existing provisions for the promotion of access and the use of archives. The findings revealed that outdated legislation and a dearth of policies exist in most countries in this region. Recommendations include reviewing laws, formulating access policies, and leveraging advocacy efforts to the advantage of public archival repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The significance of the web and the crucial role of web archives in its preservation highlight the necessity of understanding how users, both human and robot, access web archive content, and how best to satisfy this disparate needs of both types of users. To identify robots and humans in web archives and analyze their respective access patterns, we used the Internet Archive's (IA) Wayback Machine access logs from 2012, 2015, and 2019, as well as Arquivo.pt's (Portuguese Web Archive) access logs from 2019. We identified user sessions in the access logs and classified those sessions as human or robot based on their browsing behavior. To better understand how users navigate through the web archives, we evaluated these sessions to discover user access patterns. Based on the two archives and between the three years of IA access logs (2012 vs. 2015 vs. 2019), we present a comparison of detected robots vs. humans and their user access patterns and temporal preferences. The total number of robots detected in IA 2012 (91% of requests) and IA 2015 (88% of requests) is greater than in IA 2019 (70% of requests). Robots account for 98% of requests in Arquivo.pt (2019). We found that the robots are almost entirely limited to "Dip" and "Skim" access patterns in IA 2012 and 2015, but exhibit all the patterns and their combinations in IA 2019. Both humans and robots show a preference for web pages archived in the near past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In democratic contexts, the discussion of digital technology in the field of archival heritage highlights its potential benefits for expanding access to archives to the wider public. It also focuses on the legal, moral, and ethical issues raised by copyright or privacy concerns. Using the digital archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) as a case study, this article thoroughly analyses another facet of digital technology, namely its role in building and perpetuating ignorance about the past through the mass digitization of archives in authoritarian contexts. The analysis scrutinizes digitally processed archives that are accessible as carefully curated data—some digitized and some born digital—through a network of open access web-resources developed by several institutions in the IRI. The article briefly considers the broader context of access restrictions to archives and information, and of the intentional and institutionalized opacity of this field in the IRI. These digitally processed archives are evaluated through the lens of archival science theory. Several macro- and micro-aspects of the kind of knowledge that scholars can produce from these digitally processed historical sources are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a comprehensive list of articles and books that cover a wide range of topics related to library and information history. It includes resources on academic loans in medieval Oxford, library education in Asia and Oceania, book distribution during the English Civil War, European authors in the Ottoman Court, and the constitution of libraries in Morocco, among others. The list also features articles on the impact of Chinese-funded medical projects in Tanzania, the role of newspapers in colonial America, the history of the Rutherford County Library System in Tennessee, and the influence of the Soviet Union on archival operations in Romania. Additionally, it explores specific collections and archives, such as the Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica and the Jaffna Library in Sri Lanka. These resources offer valuable insights for researchers interested in various aspects of library and archival studies. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, commemorative naming has been discussed and called into question in the U.S. military, and with the establishment of the Confederate Naming Commission by Congress in 2021, representatives for branches of the US military and Department of Defense were tasked with evaluating commemorative practices associated with valorizing Confederate history. In this paper, we focus specifically on place naming patterns on US Marine Corps bases through an engagement with military archives. These archives are part of a hegemonic control of memory that sits uncomfortably at the intersection of the racialized history of the Armed Forces and its growing reliance on a multi-cultural America. We argue and find early evidence that the archives constitute contested terrain and the commemorative audits conducted by military institutions are a potentially fraught practice given possible self-interest and potential lack of a critical perspective on the past and place. We encountered many of the difficulties that complicate name reform and the commemorative audits, such as negotiated access to the physical archives and data, inconsistent practices and documentation which contributed to an incomplete audit, and conflicts with institutional interest. Even with the Confederate Naming Commission’s recent reports and recommendations for renaming some military bases and structures, there remains a demand for greater attention to the audits of commemorative place names utilized to make such recommendations. This demand necessitates a recognition that the legacy of racism and racial violence goes far beyond the years of the Confederacy, particularly regarding the landscapes of the United States military. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores rarely accessed local archives to reveal the fate of a renowned area of Buddhist activity—Mount Jiuhua—from 1949 to 1966 and the impact of the Chinese Communist Party regime's economic and religious policies on the region's religious communities. Specifically, it examines how the authorities attempted to utilize all the tangible and intangible resources of the Buddhist communities on Mount Jiuhua—including human capital, land, buildings, religious instruments made of metal, and cultural and historical status—to consolidate their grip on power and stimulate the area's economic development. While the local cadres encouraged young clerics to disrobe, forced others to engage in physical labor, confiscated monastic landholdings, and expropriated metal instruments, they also dispensed relief to elderly and disabled clerics and funded the renovation of key monasteries. In the face of this unprecedented interference, the clerics made full use of the mountain's reputation to argue with the authorities and renegotiate the boundaries of legitimate religious activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we investigate the implementation and challenges of accessing archives in the digital age. Through an online survey and expert interviews, data were collected from archival institutions, professional users, and civil society organizations in all Council of Europe member states. The findings reveal that digitization has had a positive impact on document accessibility, providing convenience, reducing workload, and improving user access. However, only a small portion of archival holdings have been digitized, highlighting the need for further efforts in this area. Data protection and copyright present significant obstacles, with the European General Data Protection Regulation leading to access restrictions and legal uncertainties. Preservation, interoperability, and organization of records pose challenges in the digital realm, and while artificial intelligence shows promise in automating metadata creation and identifying sensitive materials, concerns about algorithmic biases and the need for additional checks are highlighted. To enhance accessibility, user-friendly interfaces, cooperation among memory preserving institution, and outreach to new user groups are crucial, which can ensure the effective preservation and accessibility of digital collections in the digital age. We provide insights for policy-making and archival institutions in navigating the evolving landscape of accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ongoing technological advances have led to a rapid increase in the number, type and scope of animal‐tracking studies. In response, many software tools have been developed to analyse animal movement data. These tools generally focus on movement modelling, but the steps required to clean raw data files from different tracking devices have been largely ignored. Such pre‐processing steps are often time‐consuming and involve a steep learning curve but are crucial for the creation of high‐quality, standardised and shareable data. Moreover, decisions made at this early stage can substantially influence subsequent analyses, and in the current age of reproducibility crisis, the transparency of this process is vital.Here we present an open‐access, reproducible toolkit written in the programming language R for processing raw data files into a single cleaned data set for analyses and upload to online tracking databases (found here: https://github.com/ExMove/ExMove). The toolkit comprises well‐documented and flexible code to facilitate data processing and user understanding, both of which can increase user confidence and improve the uptake of sharing open and reproducible code. Additionally, we provide an overview website (found here: https://exmove.github.io/) and a Shiny app to help users visualise tracking data and assist with parameter determination during data cleaning.The toolkit is generalisable to different data formats and device types, uses modern 'tidy coding' practices, and relies on a few well‐maintained packages. Among these, we perform spatial manipulations using the package sf.Overall, by collating all required steps from data collection to archiving on open access databases into a single, robust pipeline, our toolkit provides a valuable resource for anyone conducting animal movement analyses and represents an important step towards increased standardisation and reproducibility in animal movement ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archivo El Insulto is an independent archive in Mexico City that focuses on preserving and sharing erotic and pornographic materials from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The archive challenges traditional archival practices by actively collecting and exhibiting these materials, which are often overlooked by institutional archives. They face challenges in accurately tracing the origins of individual documents due to stigma and lack of resources. Archivo El Insulto emphasizes collaborative relationships to preserve and disseminate these materials, and aims to create spaces for embodied experiences and affective connections with the records. They are working on digitizing their collection and securing grants to further develop their cataloging methods. [Extracted from the article]

Our civilization creates enormous volumes of digital data, a substantial fraction of which is preserved and made publicly available for present and future usage. Additionally, historical born-analog records are progressively being digitized and incorporated into digital document repositories. While professionals often have a clear idea of what they are looking for in document archives, average users are likely to have no precise search needs when accessing available archives (e.g., through their online interfaces). Thus, if the results are to be relevant and appealing to average people, they should include engaging and recognizable material. However, state-of-the-art document archival retrieval systems essentially use the same approaches as search engines for synchronic document collections. In this article, we develop unique ranking criteria for assessing the usefulness of archived contents based on their estimated relationship with current times, which we call contemporary relevance. Contemporary relevance may be utilized to enhance access to archival document collections, increasing the likelihood that users will discover interesting or valuable material. We next present an effective strategy for estimating contemporary relevance degrees of news articles by utilizing learning to rank approach based on a variety of diverse features, and we then successfully test it on the New York Times news collection. The incorporation of the contemporary relevance computation into archival retrieval systems should enable a new search style in which search results are meant to relate to the context of searchers' times, and by this have the potential to engage the archive users. As a proof of concept, we develop and demonstrate a working prototype of a simplified ranking model that operates on the top of the Portuguese Web Archive portal (arquivo.pt). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the limited study of Orthodoxy in Ukraine in Western academia and the challenges faced in understanding Ukrainian religious traditions. The author highlights the Russocentric perspectives that have hindered a comprehensive understanding of Orthodoxy in Ukraine and Russia. The article calls for scholars to reevaluate the field and consider the importance of Ukraine and its religious traditions, especially in light of the ongoing conflict in the country. The author recommends exploring the works on Ukrainian church history and Orthodoxy, particularly those from colleagues in Ukraine, and suggests that Ukrainian perspectives may offer valuable insights in the fields of Russian, Slavic, and Eurasian studies. [Extracted from the article]

"Les camps de regroupement en Algérie: Une histoire des déplacements forcés (1954–1962)" by Fabien Sacriste is a meticulously researched history of the forced relocation of Algeria's rural population by the French military between 1954 and 1962. The author examines the bureaucratic infighting and difficult relationships between French military and civil authorities during this period. The book also explores the negative connotations associated with the term "camp de regroupement" and the government's response to the displacement of Algerians. The author sheds light on the relationship between military tactics and modernization efforts in Algeria, as well as the long-lasting impact of the forced relocations. [Extracted from the article]

Preserving and providing access to oral history records poses several challenges, including the need for significant resources, fragility, a lack of standardisation in the quality of carriers, legal and ethical considerations, access barriers because of factors such as language, limited resources for transcription and translation, and restrictions on access to protect privacy or confidentiality. Technology obsolescence is a further significant challenge to preserving and accessing oral history records. This study investigates the preservation of and access to oral history records at the Pietermaritzburg Archives Repository. A qualitative approach was used, and data were collected using semi-structured interviews from purposively selected staff members of the Oral History Unit (OHU). Content and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the key challenges include the outdated provincial archives legislation, an absence of policies and strategies in place, an adapted building, lack of relevant qualifications, lack of training, scarcity of equipment and resources, and inadequate funding. Based on the issues identified, various strategies and recommendations are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is an imprint of the journal "GesR: Gesundheitsrecht". It contains information about the publisher, editor, editorial staff, production, advertisements, subscription price, and copyright and publishing rights. It also provides guidelines for authors and contributors. The journal offers monthly issues, access to the archive, and mobile usage through the Otto-Schmidt-Zeitschriften-App. It also promotes a new edition of the Erman BGB Commentary. The text advertises various legal works that serve as useful companions in daily business. The 17th edition of the Erman BGB Commentary takes into account all new laws, including the reformed guardianship and care law as well as the MoPeG. The Figge Social Security Handbook facilitates the determination and calculation of social security income. The Zöller Civil Procedure Code Commentary takes into account all passed and upcoming legislative changes and is now also available online. The HWK Labor Law Commentary provides a comprehensive presentation of the entire labor law and includes commentaries on over 50 laws. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the role played by the National Archives of South Africa in human rights promotion and protection. The study examined the challenges that archivists encounter when undertaking archival functions, such as acquisition, appraisal and access provision, that contribute to forming documentary archives crucial for human rights promotion and protection. Design/methodology/approach: A review of literature dealing with acquisition, appraisal and access was used in this research. It was supplemented with interviews. Findings: This paper provides recommendations of benefits in the field of archives management with a focus on the areas of acquisition, appraisal and access. The transformational discourse in the jurisdiction of archives management challenges archival institutions to be active players in selecting historical and cultural archives' significance that is significant in human rights protections. However, despite judicial requirements that recommend the importance of archives, there is evidence that archival functions such as appraisal, acquisition and access are not being fully used, resulting in national archives institutions that are subject to irregularities that contribute to an unbalanced archives collection. Research limitations/implications: The paper was limited only to the National Archives of South Africa. Practical implications: The paper makes practical implications concerning the acquisition, appraisal and providing access to human rights records. Social implications: Sufficient funding resource allocation ought to be provided to advance human rights promotion. Originality/value: This paper offers informed recommendations to address the challenges of acquisition, appraisal and access provision of archive materials. The availability of archives materials reinforces the community by aiding to protect legal rights and prevent human rights violations. It was, thus, necessary to establish whether the National Archives of South Africa is actively building the archives collections that are important for human rights promotion and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reports on an investigation into female academics' experiences of living and working through the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (UK). A diary, diary‐interview method (DDIM) was used to gather qualitative data from 25 participants about their lives during the period March 2020–September 2021 and diary and interview data have since been curated and published in an open access digital archive. The paper argues firstly that in recording and interpreting change over time in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the methodology constitutes a qualitative longitudinal research (QLLR) approach. Secondly, that the method has the capacity to convey temporal disruption and complexity, aligned with notions of crisis as fast, slow and ongoing. Thirdly, that Nixon's theorising of 'slow violence' can be used to frame the impacts of the pandemic as gradual, unseen and banal despite potentially negative implications for female academics' career progression. Finally, the paper argues that gathering this data through DDIM and publishing it in a publicly accessible digital archive represents a necessary form of witness with the potential to be utilised for future interventions. This paper reports on an investigation using a diary, diary‐interview method (DDIM) into female academics' experiences of living and working through the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (UK). The paper argues that DDIM has the capacity to convey temporal disruption and complexity, aligned with notions of crisis as fast, slow and ongoing. Nixon's theorising of 'slow violence' is used to frame a consideration of the pandemic's longer‐term, negative implications for female academics' career progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the results of a Europe-wide survey on the implementation of CoE Recommendation R (2000)13 on a European policy on access to archives conducted in October 2022 on behalf of the Council of Europe (CoE). It shows that overall great progress has been made in improving access to their public Archives. It also shows that there are still deficits in some instances, for example in the availability of finding aids for classified holdings or in the granting of access corrections for otherwise inaccessible archive holdings. We also highlight several challenges to the accessibility of archives, many of which are related to the ongoing process of digitalization. On the one hand, there is the growing expectation of users that collections be digitized and made accessible online, while at the same time the available resources of the Archives remain scarce. Finally, digitalization and the adoption of the GDPR also exacerbate the tension between data protection and freedom of information — often at the detriment of accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a review of the book "Decolonizing the Caribbean Record: An Archives Reader," which examines the development of archival administration in various Caribbean regions. The book pays tribute to important figures in Caribbean archives and discusses the relationship between archives, history, and nation-building. It emphasizes the significance of archives in preserving and providing access to materials for researchers, while also acknowledging the challenges faced by archivists in the Caribbean. The article highlights the limitations of archives in fully capturing the experiences of the enslaved population and explores the complexities of Caribbean social formation. It also emphasizes the importance of oral history and the need for archives to be more inclusive and representative of marginalized communities. The article concludes by recommending the book for those interested in Caribbean history, heritage, and archives. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the book "African Intelligence Services: Early Post-Colonial and Contemporary Challenges" edited by Ryan Shaffer. The book fills a gap in knowledge about African intelligence agencies, which have received little attention compared to intelligence services in the US and Europe. The book includes twelve chapters that explore the history, activities, and impact of intelligence services in various African countries. The authors faced challenges in accessing information and archives, but they provide detailed information about the intelligence services and the countries they operate in. The book is a valuable resource for researchers interested in African intelligence and security studies. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The use of biologging tags to answer questions in animal movement ecology has increased in recent decades. Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are often used for migratory studies on large fish taxa. For PSATs, movements are normally reconstructed from variable amounts of transmitted data (unless tags are recovered, and full data archives accessed) by coupling geolocation methods with a state-space modelling (SSM) approach. Between 2018 and 2019, we deployed Wildlife Computers PSATs (MiniPATs) from which data recovery varied considerably. This led us to examine the effect of PSAT data volume on SSM performance (i.e., variation in reconstructed locations and their uncertainty). We did this by comparing movements reconstructed using partial (< 100%) and complete (100%) geolocation data sets from PSATs and investigated the variation in Global Position Estimator 3 (GPE3; Wildlife Computers' proprietary light-based geolocation SSM) reconstructed locations and their certainty in relation to data volume and movement type (maximum dispersal distance). Results: In this analysis, PSATs (n = 29) deployed on Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnusthynnus) transmitted data after detaching from study animals for between 0.3 and 10.8 days (mean 4.2 ± 3 days), yielding between 2 and 82% (mean 27% ± 22%) of total geolocation data. The volume of geolocation data received was positively related to the amount of time a tag transmitted for and showed a weak negative relationship to the length of the tag deployment. For 12 recovered PSATs (i.e., 100% of geolocation data; mean ± 1 S.D. = 301 ± 90 days of data per fish), (i) if ABT travelled short-distances (< 1000 km), movements reconstructed from partial data sets were more similar to their complete data set counterpart than fish that travelled over longer distances (> 1000 km); (ii) for fish that travelled long distances, mean distance of locations from corresponding complete data set locations were inversely correlated with the volume of data received; (iii) if only 5% of data was used for geolocation, reconstructed locations for long-distance fish differed by 2213 ± 647 km from the locations derived from complete data sets; and, (iv) track reconstructions omitted migrations into the Mediterranean Sea if less than 30% of data was used for geolocation. Conclusions: For Wildlife Computers MiniPATs in our specific application, movements reconstructed with as little as 30% of the total geolocation data results in plausible outputs from the GPE3. Below this data volume, however, significant differences of more than 2000 km can occur. Whilst for a single species and manufacturer, this highlights the importance of careful study planning and the value of conducting study-specific sensitivity analysis prior to inclusion of modelled locations in research outputs. Based on our findings, we suggest general steps and refinements to maximise the value of light geolocation data from PSATs deployed on aquatic animals and highlight the importance of conducting data sensitivity analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The six Legal Deposit Libraries of the UK and Ireland (LDLs) have been collecting digital maps under legal deposit regulations since 2016. The LDLs collect a subset of the totality of digital maps published each year and this article explores a rationale for deciding what to collect. The collection is made accessible in reading rooms through a web-map interface that facilitates visual use. Technical and regulatory restrictions preclude the ability to download data or perform analysis. Thus the viewer is suited to the use cases of the primary users, personal or independent researchers. However, legal deposit guidance outlines that the collection should also be representative of the use of digital maps in the UK's wider economy and society, so that future users can gain insights into contemporary publication. Balancing archival value with access is therefore critical to a collecting rationale. This article examines how the value, license and type of digital maps influences decisions and ends by offering a set of criteria for collecting that also includes publisher engagement. In evaluating the differing and complementary roles of libraries as archives and as points of access, the article has implications for understanding curatorship and the public purpose of libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the 19th century, the Apostolate of Sts. Cyril and Methodius Under the Protection of Blessed Virgin Mary with headquarters in the Moravian Velehrad was one of the most important institutions that encouraged the development of the cultural heritage of the Thessaloniki Brothers and Christian and European cultural values within the framework of its missionary, cultural and educational goals. It initially developed mainly in the Moravian dioceses, but its activity soon spread to Slovakia and to the emigrant circles in America. The Association organized regular pilgrimages to Velehrad. It also supported missionary activities, for example in the Balkans or in the Russian Empire and started publishing an eponymous magazine in 1910. The unionist congresses in 1907 and 1911 in Velehrad were the pinnacle of the Apostolate's organizational activities until the outbreak of the First World War. The authors of this paper focused not only on the analysis of contemporary press and literature, but also on archival research with an emphasis on the Apostolate's literary fund, which can be accessed in the Regional Archives of Opava (Branch Olomouc). The documentary evidence is also based on recent expert literature. This paper also deals with the broader contexts of the Association's establishment, relevant political contexts, the Association's Statutes and their practical implementation, i.e. the activities at home and abroad, organizational issues, publication activities, the arrival of the Society of Jesus in Velehrad, the unionist congresses, and the most important personalities and supporters. The available options in researching the Association's activities allow us to closely inspect the forms and content of the propagation of Cyrillo-Methodian ideas, the wider role of the Church, or the Slovak-Czech-Slavic interactions and/or relations with the representatives of other non-Slavic nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the connection between archives, cemeteries, and images in the Syrian struggle. It emphasizes the significance of graves and graveyards as sites of memory and sources of information, shedding light on the identities of the deceased and the events that transpired. The role of images in the Syrian revolution is also explored, highlighting their use in mobilization and as evidence of crimes. The article concludes by discussing the potential of images in the pursuit of justice and the importance of remembering and coming to terms with the past. Additionally, the text delves into the concept of self-incrimination, drawing parallels between the Nuremberg Trials and the Syrian civil resistance, where activists employ cameras to document and transmit their protests and resistance. The power dynamics and implications of self-incrimination in both contexts are examined. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the impact of the Supreme Court's decision to overturn race-based admissions in universities on diversity and inclusion efforts. It highlights the decrease in the number of Black and Brown students at universities in California after the ban on race-based admissions. The article also explores the importance of methodologies in dance studies and how they can contribute to systemic exclusions or promote diverse perspectives. It features articles that examine disability dance, Black feminist practices, Greek interwar ballet, and the relationship between dance and film. The authors emphasize the need to consider different histories and perspectives in dance studies and advocate for a more inclusive approach. [Extracted from the article]

This article details the experiences of Ignacio Bonillas, one of the first Mexican students to graduate from Arizona's territorial schools and explicates how those experiences impacted his perceptions of U.S. and Mexican citizenship. Bonillas's story illustrates how definitions of citizenship in the Arizona-Sonora borderlands were permeable and dynamic before the era of Americanization and encourages teachers and students to interrogate the ways restrictive notions of citizenship are reproduced in public schools. This article goes on to argue for inviting students to access local archives and create case studies of figures whose experiences challenge the Americanized histories of their region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between archives and conflict, emphasizing that archives are not neutral and are influenced by power dynamics. It discusses how archival materials shape collective memories and historical discourses, but also how the process of archiving itself can be an act of control. The article explores the evolving nature of archives and the role of photography in shaping our understanding of conflict. It also discusses the challenges posed by digital technologies and the need for transformative change within archival practices. The text serves as an introduction to a journal that explores the use of archives in understanding cultural and historical narratives, featuring the work of various artists. The editors hope that readers will gain insights and deepen their understanding of historical visual representations and their legacies. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Española de la Transparencia is the property of Asociacion de Profesionales de la Transparencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the education archive sharing system, when performing homomorphic ciphertext retrieval on the storage server, there are problems such as low security of shared data, confusing parameter management, and weak access control. This paper proposes an Education Archives Sharing and Access Control (EduASAC) system to solve these problems. The system research goal is to realize the sharing of security parameters, the execution of access control, and the recording of system behaviors based on the blockchain network, ensuring the legitimacy of shared membership and the security of education archives. At the same time, the system can be combined with most homomorphic ciphertext retrieval schemes running on the storage server, making the homomorphic ciphertext retrieval mechanism controllable. This paper focuses on the blockchain access control framework and specifically designs smart contracts that conform to the business logic of the EduASAC system. The former adopts a dual-mode access control mechanism combining Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Mandatory Access Control (MAC) and improves the taggingmode after user permission verification based on the Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments (ACE) authorization framework ofOpen Authorization (OAuth) 2.0; the latter is used in the system to vote on nodes to join requests, define access control policies, execute permission verification processes, store, and share system parameters, and standardize the behavior of member nodes. Finally, the EduASAC system realizes the encryption, storage, retrieval, sharing, and access control processes of education archives. To verify the performance of the system, simulation experiments were conducted. The results show that the EduASAC system can meet the high security needs of education archive sharing and ensure the system’s high throughput, low latency, fast decision-making, and fine-grained access control ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides an overview of the Ayotzinapa investigation in Mexico, focusing on the actions of the López Obrador administration. It discusses the forced disappearance of 43 students in 2014 and highlights the collapse of the investigation due to actions taken by high-ranking officials. The document reveals evidence of the military's involvement and their attempts to obstruct the investigation. The families of the missing students express frustration with the lack of progress and difficulties in accessing military archives. Overall, the document sheds light on the challenges faced in seeking justice for the victims and their families. The article discusses the manipulation and obstruction of the investigation into the disappearance of 43 students in Mexico in 2014. It highlights the discovery of video evidence that contradicts the official narrative and details the government's efforts to control the investigation. The families of the missing students express frustration with President López Obrador's lack of transparency and his support for the Army. The article concludes by emphasizing the ongoing struggle of the families to find justice for their loved ones. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the impact of the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine on historical research, particularly regarding the late Imperial, revolutionary, and early Soviet periods. The conflict has made research increasingly difficult, with limited access to archives and libraries in Russia and Belarus, and physical and material damage to Ukrainian archives. Despite these challenges, the article emphasizes the importance of informed and nuanced historical analysis to challenge Putin's manipulation of history and the distortions surrounding the conflict. The contributions from various historians in the article highlight the practical difficulties of conducting research in the region but also demonstrate that meaningful research is still possible. [Extracted from the article]

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022 has had a devastating impact on various aspects of society, including the research landscape. Limited access to archives in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus has made it difficult for scholars from the West to conduct research in these regions, and cooperation with colleagues in Russia is currently risky. However, there are still possibilities for remote research and alternative research focuses, such as studying other countries in the post-Soviet space. Scholars can also explore archives and libraries in Finland and the Baltic states for valuable research materials. The article discusses the availability of research materials on late imperial Russia, particularly focusing on the accessibility of digitized sources. The author highlights major research libraries in London, such as the British Library and the archives of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at University College London, which hold collections of late imperial newspapers and books. The internet has also made more materials available, including digitized books, newspapers, journals, and archival materials. The author suggests that while some source materials have limitations, combining different sources can provide a fuller understanding of historical questions. The article also raises ethical considerations in engaging with research on Russia, particularly in light of the country's invasion of Ukraine. [Extracted from the article]

"The Declassification Engine: What History Reveals About America's Top Secrets" by Matthew Connelly is a thought-provoking book that sheds light on the state of American archives and access to classified information. Connelly argues that excessive classification of information by the government is hindering public understanding of political events and impeding accountability. He emphasizes the need for a rational, risk management approach to declassification in order to balance national security concerns with the public's right to know. The book also explores the historical origins of secrecy in the US and its implications for democracy. Connelly's research project at Columbia University's History Lab developed algorithms to uncover redacted information in declassified documents, revealing hidden knowledge and challenging the effectiveness of secrecy. The book raises important questions about the role of classification in avoiding accountability and the potential loss of historical records due to the overwhelming volume of classified material. [Extracted from the article]

Provenance information from recent and ancient sedimentary archives is obscured by several factors and for disentangling these intermingled signals, analysis by multiple methods is paramount. In sedimentary provenance analysis (SPA), single‐grain methods determining mineralogy, chemical composition, or radiometric ages are of key importance but are mostly applied to sand‐sized sediments or sedimentary rocks. Finer grained sediments or sedimentary rocks are usually analyzed by whole‐rock geochemical means and seldom by single‐grain methods. Considering the abundance of fine‐grained sedimentary archives, a strong need for single‐grain, multi‐method analyses of silt‐sized sediments is obvious. Thus, we propose a workflow that is optimized for sample throughput and correlative analysis of fine‐grained sediments based on machine learning methods. The feasibility of the workflow is demonstrated by differentiating three Central European loess‐paleosol‐sequences. The increased sample throughput enables access to sedimentary archives at high spatial and/or temporal resolution, which will open up new research pathways in SPA of silt‐sized sediments. Plain Language Summary: Deciphering the origin of sediments and sedimentary rocks is the main goal in sedimentary provenance analysis (SPA). This is usually done by determining the mineralogical and chemical composition or absolute age of the mineral grains that make up the sediment. However, the information gained from a single method is often insufficient to provide a complete picture in sedimentary provenance. Thus, many different methods are used, preferably on individual grains. Since analysis is easier and potentially more precise when done on larger grains, the sand‐size fraction is usually investigated. Consequently, samples of finer grain size (e.g., silt) are less often measured. This is contrasting the fact that about 50% of sedimentary rocks are of such finer grain sizes. Therefore, an approach is required that allows to apply different micro‐analytical tools to the same silt‐sized minerals and combine the gained data. Here, we propose such an approach, which is based on machine learning methods and has been optimized for sample throughput. We successfully tested it's feasibility by differentiating Central European loess sequences. The high sample throughput of the approach will allow analyzing fine‐grained sedimentary archives at high temporal resolution, thereby enabling new research pathways in SPA. Key Points: Sedimentary provenance analysis relies on information derived from single‐grain methods usually applied to sand‐sized mineralsAn innovative workflow for correlative, single‐grain analysis of silt‐sized minerals is presentedAccess to sedimentary archives at high temporal and/or spatial resolution is enabled by the workflow [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Unsettling Archival Research: Engaging Critical, Communal, and Digital Archives" is a collection of case studies edited by Gesa E. Kirsch, Romeo Garcia, Caitlin Burns Allen, and Walker P. Smith. The book explores how scholars are using and challenging archival records to understand the histories and experiences of marginalized communities. It provides a range of approaches and perspectives for researchers and educators working with archival collections, and discusses key archival concepts, research issues, and pedagogy. The book emphasizes the dynamic nature of archives and their potential to uncover colonial systems of knowledge. However, it is noted that the collection could benefit from including more perspectives from non-academic researchers and memory workers. Overall, "Unsettling Archival Research" is a valuable resource for those interested in archival reference, access, and use. "Real Clothes, Real Lives: 200 Years of What Women Wore" is an exhibition catalog for the Smith College Historic Clothing Collection, curated by Kiki Smith. The collection focuses on ordinary clothing that is mass-produced, passed down, and sometimes in disrepair, challenging the traditional focus on extraordinary and rare fashion items. The book highlights the significance of everyday clothing and embodied knowledge in understanding dress. It is organized into different categories of dress and discusses the construction, function, and novelty of the garments. "Real Clothes" provides a unique perspective on fashion and encourages public historians to engage with clothing that falls outside of standard fashion paradigms. [Extracted from the article]