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ABSTRACT This paper explores the complex impacts of childhood abuse on survivors, emphasising how these experiences shape both individual and societal outcomes. It acknowledges the extensive and enduring effects of abuse, which extend beyond immediate physical and psychological harm to broader social and economic repercussions. The paper critically examines the difficulties of holding perpetrators accountable within the criminal justice system, where low reporting rates, high attrition, and re‐traumatization are significant challenges. Using a gendered lens, the analysis situates these issues within a broader social, cultural, and historical context, highlighting how abuse, particularly sexual abuse, is perceived and managed. A key focus is on the issue of disclosure, essential for survivors to access support and justice. However, disclosure is often hindered by fears of disbelief, stigma, and retaliation, which are exacerbated by socioeconomic factors. Even when support systems are available, low conviction rates and ongoing re‐victimisation significantly impede justice and healing, undermining the criminal justice system and support structures. The paper also discusses the wider implications of childhood abuse for public health, social services, and education. The trauma affects not only survivors' mental and physical health but also their ability to engage fully in society, impacting relationships, employment, and educational outcomes. These personal challenges lead to broader societal costs, including increased demand for healthcare and lost productivity. The paper advocates for an integrated approach that improves prevention, enhances safeguarding, and develops effective support systems, addressing both the immediate needs of survivors and systemic barriers to recovery and justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Context: Transgender people commonly faced stigma which has been linked to violence, abuse, and discrimination, often forcing them to remain hidden. Objectives: This study plans to estimate the size of the transgender population and to assess the vulnerability and risk of transgender people in the society. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 transwomen aged 18 years and above residing in two districts in Manipur recruited using the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method. Interviews were conducted using a semistructured questionnaire, and the multiplier method was applied for the size estimation. Descriptive statistics were generated. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. Results: The mean ± SD age of realization of their sexual identity and age of expressing gender identity was 9.06 ± 2.9 and 17.3 ± 2.7 year, respectively. The reported network size was found to be 40.37 ± 38.7, and the estimated size of the transgender population was found to be 2201 (95% CI 1987.6–2403.1). Most of the respondents (157, 91.8%) had 'Ever experienced harassment due to their sexual identity', with the majority (138, 87.9%) reporting 'verbal abuse', while (108, 63.1%) reported 'sexual abuse' and 43.9% of them said they had a 'psychological effect' due to the abuse. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents had faced some form of harassment or abuse due to their gender identity, leading to the psychological effect on them. There is an urgent need for developing a comprehensive measure focusing on mainstreaming the transgender persons by creating an enabling environment for their holistic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To describe how workplace violence (WPV) is experienced by nurses in hospitals and community services and identify protective and risk factors. Methods: An online cross‐sectional national study was conducted from January to April 2021 in Italy. Hospitals and community services were involved in the study. The survey combined the adapted and validated Italian version of the Violence in Emergency Nursing and Triage (VENT) questionnaire, which explores the episodes of WPV experienced during the previous 12 months, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES‐NWI) and some additional questions about staffing levels extracted from a previous RN4CAST study. Nurses working in all clinical settings and community services were invited to participate in the survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. We adhered to the STROBE reporting guidelines. Results: A total of 6079 nurses completed the survey, 32.4% (n = 1969) had experienced WPV in the previous 12 months, and 46% (n = 920) reported WPV only in the previous week. The most significant protective factors were nurses' age, patients' use of illegal substances, attitude of individual nurses and considering effective the organization's procedures for preventing and managing episodes of violence. The most significant risk factors included workload, recognizing violence as an inevitable part of the job, patients' cultural aspects and patients' agitated behaviour. The frequency of WPV was significantly higher in certain areas, such as the emergency department and in mental health wards. Conclusion: Workplace violence (WPV) against nurses is a very frequent and concerning issue, especially in hospitals and community services. Based on our findings, integrated and multimodal programmes for prevention and management of WPV are recommended. More attention and resources need to be allocated to reduce WPV by improving the quality of nurses' workplace environment and implementing violence‐free policies for hospitals. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Impact: Workplace verbal and physical violence is a widespread phenomenon, both in hospital and community settings, and even during COVID‐19 pandemic. This problem is exacerbated by the lack of effective reporting systems, fear of retaliation and the tendency to consider violence as an inevitable part of the job.The characteristics of professionals, patients, work environment and organizational factors are involved in the spread of workplace violence, determining its multifactorial nature. Integrated and multimodal programmes to prevent and manage of workplace violence are probably the only way to effectively counteract workplace violence against nurses.Healthcare policymakers, managers of hospital and community services need to proactively prevent and effectively manage and monitor episodes of violence. Nurses need to feel protected and safeguarded against any form of verbal or physical violence, to provide high‐quality care in a totally safe environment. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family is a social institution essentially based on love and trust, in contrast being a phenomenon included violence in almost all societies throughout history. Family has been defined as a social institution providing its members with love, trust, and a sense of belonging. Family has been also described as a secure environment; however, it can admit various crimes and human rights violations. Therefore, it should be approaching to the concept of family with rather than its most ideal form, with considering how safe the individuals living within the family are. Instead of being expected to be the safest spaces for its members, the family institution can sometimes turn into places where traumas of children, women, the elderly, and people with disabilities are concealed. Therefore, both of laws and the level of awareness in society regarding the family institution need to be high. While children and women, likewise many disadvantaged groups, have been becoming the subjects of abuse within this institution, a magical silence in there can overshadow the abuse so much that hiding it from view. Incest, especially against children, has been one of the significant social issues having a potential risk in all societies. Being a shape of domestic violence with low apparent, it has been selected as the subject of the study. Since girls at most have been primarily exposed to incest crime, a sexual abuse/violence within the family that its perpetrators try to conceal the crime with threats and violence, women who had childhood sexual abuse history within the family were included in the study. Boys who experienced sexual abuse within the family during their childhoods were not included in the study. Therefore, the study has been focused on women who experienced abuse during their childhoods. While the universe of the research constitutes the Catharsis program hosted by Clinical Psychologist Gökhan Çınar, the sample consists of women experienced childhood sexual abuse within the family who participated in the Catharsis program between January 1, 2020, and December 25, 2023. 10 programs have been evaluated in this study. These issued programs are participations of women who are asked to evaluate the effects of their experiences of the childhood sexual abuse within their families during their childhood on their lives from their own perspectives. The study has analyzed the responses of the participants to the program host, their understanding of the situation, definition, ways of coping with it, and the effects on their lives and subjected them to content analysis. In this context, four main themes have been identified through the analysis of participants' statements, and these themes have been further divided into 10 categories. Women in the program experienced sexual abuse during their childhoods, which they did not understand and could not interpret. The prominent points emerged from the study have been that incest crime within the family has been defined by perpetrators as a "game," kept as "a secret," which pushes victims to blame/condemn themselves and leaves them alone in dealing with the abuse. While fear and pressure have been used as the most convenient way to conceal incest crime, women who experienced the childhood sexual abuse as children have been observed to lose their futures in the details of the trauma they experienced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. To determine the incidence of children < 2 years old with suspected abusive head trauma, to evaluate usage of dedicated skeletal radiographs and the incidence of clinically occult fractures on dedicated skeletal radiographs. Methods. This is a retrospective single centre study of children < 2 years old with traumatic brain injury, referred to the University Hospital's Social Services Department between December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2020. Clinical and demographic data was retrieved from medical notes and imaging was reviewed by paediatric radiologists. Results. 26 children (17 males), 2 weeks to 21 months of age (median age 3 months) were included. Eleven children (42%) had traumatic history, fourteen children (54%) had one or more bruises, eighteen children (69%) had abnormal neurological findings. 16 children (62%) had dedicated skeletal radiographs, 7 children (27%) had radiographs of part of the skeleton and 3 children (11%) had no skeletal radiographs. 5 out of 16 children (31%) with dedicated skeletal radiographs had a clinically occult fracture. 15 (83%) of clinically occult fractures had high specificity for abuse. Conclusion. The incidence of suspected abusive head trauma in children < 2 years old is low. Clinically occult fractures were detected in one third of children with dedicated skeletal radiographs. The majority of these fractures have high specificity for abuse. Dedicated skeletal imaging is not performed in more than one third of the children and hence fractures may be missed. Efforts should be taken to increase awareness of child abuse imaging protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended Reality (XR) platforms can expose users to novel attacks including embodied abuse and/or AI attacks-at-scale. The expanded attack surfaces of XR technologies may expose users of shared online platforms to psychological/social and physiological harms via embodied interactions with potentially millions of other humans or artificial humans, causing what we define as an inter-reality attack. The past 20 years have demonstrated how social and other harms (e.g., bullying, assault and stalking) can and do shift to digital social media and gaming platforms. XR technologies becoming more mainstream has led to investigations of ethical and technical consequences of these expanded input surfaces. However, there is limited literature that investigates social attacks, particularly towards vulnerable communities, and how AI technologies may accelerate generative attacks-at-scale. This article employs human-centred research methods and a harms-centred Cybersecurity framework to co-design a testbed of socio-technical attack scenarios in XR social gaming platforms. It uses speculative fiction to further extrapolate how these could reach attacks-at-scale by applying generative AI techniques. It develops an Inter-Reality Threat Model to outline how actions in virtual environments can impact on the real-world. As AI capability continues to rapidly develop, this article articulates the urgent need to consider a future where XR-AI attacks-at-scale could become commonplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young Filipino women are susceptible to engaging in toxic relationships. The socio-cultural development maintained throughout the years of conservative ideology in the Philippines has retained a hostile dynamic towards women, specifically in the intimate connection they share with their given sex. The researchers aim to explore traditional perspectives and the hierarchy of gender roles that contribute to the abuse of young women in the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines. Correspondingly, using a phenomenological approach, six (6) young Filipino women aged eighteen to twenty-five years (18-25) were gathered using the purposive sampling technique and then interviewed with a validated research tool. The findings showed a prevalence of social influences, expectations, tolerance, and manipulation as leading causes for remaining in a toxic relationship; all women engaged in specific coping mechanisms towards their partner to extend their connection. Identity and autonomy diminished throughout the relationships, with separation and a re-evaluation of self-worth being the process of healing. Significantly, their experience was unfortunate, yet they expressed that abuse is one of the means to maintain the established gender role of young Filipino women. Nevertheless, support groups and other coping strategies should persevere for life after the toxic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of letrozole therapy on serum testosterone, sperm quality, and withdrawal symptoms in former users of anabolic steroids with testosterone deficiency. The trial was terminated prematurely due to recruitment issues, but results showed that letrozole therapy increased serum testosterone levels and improved sperm quality and withdrawal symptoms. The study authors suggest that longer exposure to anabolic steroids among participants in the placebo group may have influenced the results, and caution that the findings should be considered exploratory. [Extracted from the article]

Custody cases characterized by conflict may involve allegations of abuse or parental alienation, necessitating a thorough examination of the situation for the child's wellbeing. This case series describes stereotypes and biases faced by three racialized fathers, resulting in problems in the processes and outcomes of the family court system. Occurring at the intersection of race, culture, religion, and gender, social myths about these fathers of South Asian and MENA (Middle Eastern, North African, Arab) descent led to inequities in parental rights and harm to their children. Biases experienced by fathers included racism, sexism, Islamophobia, and xenophobia, which manifested as presumptions that such fathers espoused outdated gender roles, exerted excessive authority in the home, and were unwilling to adapt to mainstream culture—which can bias the decision-making of custody evaluators, child advocates, lawyers, and judges. This paper presents the relevant facts of each case, critical errors made by the court—such as ignoring the voices of the fathers, delayed verdict delivery, inadequate assessment of abuse, and failure to prioritize the children's welfare. This article discusses stigma, abuse, interracial dynamic, and the mental health toll of this process on fathers, despite having respected professions and financial resources. Also addressed is the challenge of differentiating parental alienation from estrangement due to child abuse when children reject a parent. It is hoped that by recognizing and addressing these biases outcomes in parental disputes can be greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are low-intensity subclinical phenomena, often transient in nature. The etiology of PLEs primarily involves neurodevelopmental changes, trauma exposure, and maladaptive coping styles. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is considered to be one of the factors that increase the risk of future psychosis. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms predict a heightened incidence of traumatic experiences, ruminative thoughts, and negative affect (NA). This present study examines whether rumination and NA mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and PLEs and whether trauma experiences moderate these pathways. Methods: A total of 188 participants (72% female) aged 18–35 completed questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms and traumatic experiences and took part in a seven-day experience sampling method (ESM) procedure, completing ratings of PLEs experiences, the intensity of ruminations, and NA. Results: Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between all tested variables. Serial mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of rumination and NA in the link between ADHD symptoms and PLEs. There was no significant impact of trauma experience in this relationship. Conclusions: Our study underscores the important role of rumination and NA in the co-development of ADHD symptoms and PLEs. Future research should consider investigating the intra-individual dynamics of ADHD and trauma using ecologically valid research methods in the context of PLEs to better understand these complex relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corruption in Ukraine is recognized as a threat to national interests, sustainable development and European integration. Despite the significant efforts made by the state and international institutions to overcome corruption in the main spheres of public life, its level still remains high. When defining the essence of corruption, one should first of all proceed from the fact that it cannot be reduced to any specific socially dangerous act, to a specific offense. Corruption is the result of the historical development of society and the state, including Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian state. At the same time, in the last decade, corruption in Ukraine gained an unprecedented scope and influence on political, economic and other social processes. It is found that the problems of countering corruption in Ukraine in many respects coincide with similar problems in other countries. This coincidence is caused by the same social essence of corruption as the corrosion of power, which consists in the abuse by officials of state authorities and local self-government bodies of power or official position for selfish or other personal interests. Regardless of the differences in the state system, the main socio-economic prerequisites of corruption are the same in principle for all countries -- the imperfection of the mechanism of the exercise of power, the desire of subjects endowed with power to use this power for personal purposes, and the main directions of combating corruption -- restrictions, neutralization and elimination of its social prerequisites, causes and conditions of corrupt acts, determination of restrictions and prohibitions for civil servants, establishment of responsibility for their violation. The reduction of corruption to a certain type of offense by a certain part of scientists and practitioners is one of the most significant mistakes in the understanding of corruption. Corruption is a social phenomenon that has social conditions, social patterns of development and exerts a negative influence on social processes. Existing in society and being a product of social relations, it permeates various social spheres of society, deforming social relations in different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter is in two parts, each of which reflects upon the developments and current state of family law scholarship and feminist teaching in universities in England and Wales. Piper focuses on the enormous body of research and writing that Felicity Kaganas achieved in over 35 years of research in family law. It outlines the publications that she and Kaganas wrote together and highlights Kaganas’ other significant work. It reflects upon the impact of this work for students, academic colleagues and policy-makers and concludes that many of the same issues Kaganas addressed over the years remain current. Auchmuty, on the other hand, reflects upon 35 years of feminism in the classroom. Both Auchmuty and Kaganas started teaching in English law schools in the 1980s when the job was very different. Since that time, law teaching has become an increasingly feminised profession, with feminist teachers occupying some of the highest positions, and feminist legal research has flourished. In spite of these two profound shifts, the law degree has remained virtually unchanged, especially in respect of the ‘core curriculum’. These reflections consider why this is so, focusing on mechanisms of patriarchal containment and backlash, and considers what can be done about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the encountered counter-productive behaviours in energy sector and to clarify the reasons for these behaviours and how they can be prevented. In accordance with this purpose, by using the critical events technique, 158 critical events were obtained from 40 of the unionized blue-collar workers perspective that are employed at a power plant. According to the findings, counter-productive behaviours are mostly directed towards people; among these, the most common behaviour is to use or make fun of the weaknesses of a colleague. On the other hand, counter-productive behaviours towards the production or the work place concentrate on slowing the work consciously and decreasing the quality of the work by dealing with other things during the working hours. Corporatisation, wage payment irregularities, and the presence of low-motivated managers appear to be the causes of counter-productive behaviours. As a result of the counter-productive behaviours, perceptions of organizational justice, job motivation, organizational commitment, and work efficiency were negatively effected, decreased self-confidence, anger, and stress levels among the employees and occupational accidents were increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: The POCSO (Protection Of Children from Sexual Offences) Act was introduced in 2012 as a measure to safeguard and prevent interests of children affected by sexual crimes. Both medical and dental professionals are capable of identifying such cases. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of child sexual abuse related to POCSO Act among both medical and dental professionals in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on 100 medical and dental healthcare professionals employed in a single hospital for evaluation of knowledge and awareness on POCSO Act. The questionnaire containing multiple choice questions was randomly distributed among all the study participants as hard copy or via electronic generated forms. The questionnaire comprised questions related to demographics and those dealing with knowledge and attitude. Statistical Analysis: Categorical variables were represented in the form of percentages, and data analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: 67% study participants demonstrated full knowledge of POCSO, 23% had some knowledge, and 10% study subjects had absolutely no knowledge regarding this act. 7% professionals opined that the support for such affected children must come from Government Organizations, while 15% believed that Non-Governmental Organizations must support these children. 28% professionals believed that the child support and welfare committee should play a role in supporting these children. However, 50% study participants were of the opinion that the primary support must be community-based. On analyzing statistically, level of knowledge and awareness were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.05). Conclusion: There appears to be a good amount of knowledge and attitude among both medical and dental professionals regarding POCSO Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: Adolescent substance abuse is a growing public health concern. Adolescence is the starting point for adult substance misuse. The likelihood of acquiring dependence in adulthood is significantly decreased when substance use is not initiated during adolescence. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of substance use among teenagers, as well as to determine the age of initiation and identify the factors that are linked to substance use. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban community in Vellore by a tertiary care teaching hospital. A structured questionnaire was administered by the principal investigator to all adolescent boys aged between 10 and 19 years residing in that area for the past year who gave informed consent/assent to assess the prevalence of substance use among teenagers. Results: The total number of adolescent boys enrolled in the study was 266. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the participants was 16.14 (2.2) years, with a median age of 16 years. Out of the 266 adolescent boys, 33.8% are currently using substances and 15% were past users. The common substance used was smoking tobacco (30%), followed by alcohol consumption (29%). The minimum age of initiation of smoking tobacco and ganja use was 9 and 7 years, respectively. Significant predictors of substance usage included the participant's educational background and the substance use of their parents. Conclusion: According to this community-based study's findings, smoking tobacco was the most frequently used substance by teenagers, with a higher prevalence of current substance use. Substance misuse in the family was substantially associated with increased drug usage among teenagers. Notwithstanding having an adequate comprehension of the negative results of substance utilisation, teenagers develop this habit, which they might carry into adulthood. It is therefore necessary to establish comprehensive prevention and control programs in schools and the community that target teenagers and their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the pharmacology and abuse potential of oral dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine (LDX). Methods: A search of Medline and Embase was conducted to identify relevant articles for this literature review. Results: Dexamphetamine and LDX, a prodrug of dexamphetamine, are indicated for the treatment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It has been suggested that LDX may have a reduced potential for oral abuse compared to immediate‐release dexamphetamine. As a prodrug, LDX has the same pharmacodynamic properties as dexamphetamine. A study in healthy adults showed that the pharmacokinetic profile of dexamphetamine following oral administration of LDX is essentially identical to that of an equimolar dose of dexamphetamine administered 1 h later. In addition, dexamphetamine produced subjective drug liking effects comparable to those produced by LDX. LDX showed linear dose proportional pharmacokinetics up to a dose of 250 mg, indicating a lack of overdose protection at supratherapeutic doses. Furthermore, the exposure to dexamphetamine released from LDX may be prolonged by the consumption of alkalizing agents. Conclusions: The available evidence from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and abuse liability studies suggests a comparable potential for oral abuse of dexamphetamine and LDX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on social representation theory, this study explored horse handlers' understandings of "good" treatment, abuse, and human-horse relationships in tourism, leisure, and sport events in Mexico to examine the ways in which attitudes toward horse welfare are shaped by both national and cultural discourses and wider norms of the global equestrian community. Based on in-depth interviews, the study revealed that national and subcultural norms of the equestrian social world shape people's attitudes to what is deemed "good treatment" and what is "abuse." It suggests the need to understand better how cultural factors shape different people's attitudes to those standards and look for ways to safeguard horse welfare while valuing local heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the initiatives and policies implemented in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to protect Children of Determination (COD) from abuse and neglect. Despite global efforts to address child abuse, children with disabilities, referred to here as children of determination, remain particularly vulnerable. This paper explores the social framework, legal protections, prevention strategies, challenges, and necessary measures to ensure that such children are safe and empowered to protect themselves from abuse. The paper also explores approaches to enhancing the efficacy of the caregivers engaged with these children so that they can predict, prevent, and deal with incidents of abuse. Drawing upon qualitative research and data analysis, the study assesses the effectiveness of existing programmes and proposes a model for a child advocacy centre that promotes and implements best practices. The study adopts a qualitative approach to collect the views of ten social workers and parents of children of determination through in-depth interviews, and to analyse data, legislation, and initiatives related to the target population in the UAE. In particular, this study highlights the critical importance of protecting girl children from abuse, given that international research indicates that girls are more vulnerable to abuse than boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale/purpose: While the International Olympic Committee has issued several guidelines and recommendations on the protection of athletes from harassment and abuse in sports, there exists very little research which documents the extent to which these recommendations are actually implemented in sports organizations across Europe and most importantly, the efficacy of such measures. Findings: Based on the results, a set of evidence-based guidelines for promoting compliance with the existing policies and measures of harassment and abuse are recommended, which include an Observatory of Harassment and Abuse in Sports, the ISO accreditation for all sports organizations, and a European Mobile phone application. Practical implications: With these findings, this study offers a standardized method of implementation of policies, which will enable future pan-European assessments of efficacy, thus narrowing the current gap in knowledge. Research contribution: This is the first study to recommend a remedy to the obstacles – identified in previous research – which hamper the implementation of Universal policies on harassment and abuse in sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Dissociation is a normal life adaptation that can become pronounced and disruptive in the setting of repeated or extreme exposure to trauma. Children and adolescents may experience dissociation due to a trauma or stressor-related disorder, anxiety, or depressive disorders. Children and adolescents also may mimic behavior they see online as a way of expressing internally painful and intolerable experiences. Myth and misinformation surround the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly multiple personality disorder. The purpose of this article is to provide school nurses with evidence-based information on DID and resources for practice regarding how to provide a secure, consistent approach to students who are being traumatized, misunderstood, or excluded at home or at school. Part 1 of this two-part series describes DID foundations and DID in school-aged children, reviews controversy spurred by social media representation, and presents the Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) model. TIC offers useful perspectives regardless of a student's presentation or diagnostic status. Part 2 will discuss recommendations for managing dissociative presentations using a team-based approach, focusing on the school nurse's roles and responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical context in which an addiction mental and behavioral disorder induced by psychoactive substance use coexist with a mental disorder belonging to another diagnostic category, according to the ICD-10 or DSM‑5 manuals, is significant. Initially, the concept of dual diagnosis was used for individuals who exhibited addiction to at least two psychoactive substances. The neurobiological substrate of addiction to psychoactive substances has some overlap with that of other minor and major mental disorders, involving similar neurotransmitters and neural networks. Prevalence and comorbidity studies have evidenced that comorbidity between addiction to a psychoactive substance, most often alcohol, and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorders or somatoform disorders, is crucial and mutually influencing from the perspective of prognosis and the evolution of both psychiatric conditions. The treatment also poses another challenge for psychiatric practitioners, as the treatment algorithm arises from both the severity of the psychoactive substance addiction and that of the nonaddictive mental disorder with which it is associated. We used the literature review as a method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature has evidenced a possible impact on health, mental health, and health-related faith behaviors due to the effects of an individual's spiritual dimension. The aim of this study is to collect and summarize all current data from observational studies regarding the association between religiosity or spirituality (R/S) and cocaine use (CU). A systematic literature search of analytical observational studies on the association between religiosity or spirituality and the use of cocaine was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases. Twenty observational studies were included in this review. Fifteen of the twenty observational studies found that a higher level of religiosity was associated with lower lifetime and actual cocaine use, both in adults and adolescents. However, one study conducted in a sexual minorities sample found that higher religiosity—measured as frequency of private religious activities such as prayer—was associated with a higher probability of cocaine use. Two studies found no evidence of any association between religiosity and cocaine use, and two found mixed results. This review found a possible protective role of religiosity on cocaine use, even if the cross-sectional nature of the greater part of the studies prevented drawing any casual relation. Future studies with a longitudinal approach are required. However, the support of activities aimed at broadening a religious attitude and beliefs could result in creating an environment protective for young people against cocaine use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents in low-middle-income countries face increasing physical and mental health challenges. The present study aimed to assess status of injury, verbal abuse, substance use, and emotional behavior of adolescents of Uttarakhand, India, and evaluate the importance of each component. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents in 13 government schools in Uttarakhand using the Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) using Varimax rotation was performed to analyze principal components among two domains of GSHS (substance abuse domain and verbal abuse and emotional behavior domain). Factorability was assessed using Kaiser--Meyer--Olkin and Bartlett's test. Variance Accounted For index was used to evaluate the importance of each component. Results: A total of 634 adolescents completed the questionnaire. 41.3% students suffered from serious injury with a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between both genders. Girls were more likely to report having felt lonely most of the time or always in the past 12 months (11.0% vs 4.6%, P = 0.018). Boys were more likely to miss classes on 3 or more days (9.9% vs 4.9%, P = 0.043). Initiation of smoking cigarettes (9.6% vs 1.2%, P <0.0001) and tobacco chewing (3.4% vs 0.3%, P = 0.001) was more likely in 12--15-year-old boys. One-third of the students reported male guardians to use either alcohol or some form of tobacco. CATPCA yielded an 11-factor model accounting for 58.26% of variances with the most important principal component named "Tobacco (Smoking and Chewing): Initiation, Frequency and Attempt to Stop" (eigenvalue: 4.109). Conclusion: Significant differences in various items of injury, verbal abuse, substance use, and emotional behavior were recorded between boys and girls. CATPCA revealed patterns among injury, verbal abuse, emotional behavior, and substance abuse domains of GSHS by categorizing them into 11 components. On the basis of these patterns, prioritizing and development of appropriate school-based interventions may be implemented by various stakeholders of Uttarakhand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the experiences of 12 survivors of domestic violence, 9 women and 3 men, regarding how their congregations responded and how that affected their views of God. These qualitative interviews were part of a larger mixed-methods study on domestic violence and the church that sought to provide further insight into the intersection of faith, domestic violence, and church response. Domestic violence occurs in religious families, just as it does in the general population. In these cases, the victims of abuse often first reach out to their pastors or clergy members for assistance. Using transcendental phenomenology, the authors sought to understand the survivors' experiences in disclosing abuse to their faith communities. The findings show that despite numerous painful experiences with the church, the survivors' faith and views of God largely stayed intact. Further domestic violence education, connection to resources, and attention to congregational policies and practices are vital in the faithful response to abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les unités pour malades difficiles (UMD) sont des institutions psychiatriques françaises prenant en charge des patients « présentant pour autrui un danger tel qu'ils nécessitent des protocoles thérapeutiques intensifs adaptés et des mesures de sûreté particulières ». Dans ces unités, la prévalence des intrications neuropsychiatriques apparaît élevée. Pour évaluer, voire valider cette impression, il a été réalisé une revue systématique des dossiers des patients de l'UMD de Plouguernével le 1er mars 2024, au nombre de 34. Il est montré que : la moitié des patients souffrent de psychose sévère, un tiers de ces patients présentent un déficit intellectuel. Dix patients comptent dans leurs antécédents des atteintes neurologiques acquises, plus ou moins graves. De plus, 75 % d'entre eux sont polytoxicomanes. Les causes des atteintes neurologiques de ces patients sont multiples : congénitales, périnatales, traumatiques, toxiques, dues à de graves maltraitances... Ces causes sont ici analysées. Cette analyse permet de réfléchir à des actions de prévention à mettre en place, ainsi qu'à une possible réorganisation des prises en charge de ces patients aux profils si hétéroclites. Psychiatric high security care units are French psychiatric institutions caring for patients "presenting such a danger to others that they require adapted intensive therapeutic protocols and special safety measures". In these units the prevalence of neuropsychiatric complications appears high. To evaluate or even validate this impression, a systematic review of the 34 patients of the unit of Plouguernével was carried out on March 1, 2024. It is shown: that half of the patients suffer from severe psychosis, that a third of these patients have an intellectual deficit. Ten patients have acquired neurological symptoms in their history, more or less serious. In addition, 75 % of them are polydrug addicts. The causes of the neurological damages in these patients are multiple: congenital, perinatal, traumatic, toxic, due to serious abuse, etc. These causes are analyzed here. This analysis allows us to consider preventive actions to be implemented, as well as a possible reorganization of the care of these patients with such heterogeneous profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les violences et maltraitances intrafamiliales concernent celles conjugales qui sont intimement liées aux violences faites aux femmes ainsi que les maltraitances et violences sur enfants et ascendants âgés. Le présent article a pour objectifs de définir juridiquement les notions de violences et de maltraitances, ces dernières étant quasi indissociables de la notion de vulnérabilité apparue dans le registre pénal en 1994. Il synthétise les données épidémiologiques actuelles en France et dans le monde et rapporte une sous-estimation évidente des violences intrafamiliale aussi bien en France que dans le monde au regard des problématiques liées au signalement des faits, ainsi qu'à une définition équivoque de la maltraitance. L'article souligne parallèlement que les faits à l'encontre des personnes âgées lorsqu'ils sont avérés sont moins judiciarisés que ceux à l'encontre des femmes et des enfants. Enfin, les auteurs proposent une approche psychopathologique, des éléments de compréhension issus des neurosciences, ainsi que des perspectives thérapeutiques concernant les violences et maltraitances intrafamiliales. Intra-familial violence and abuse includes domestic violence that is not specifically identified as violence against women, abuse and violence against children or elderly relatives. This article provides a legal definition of the notions of violence and abuse. Abuse is virtually inseparable from the notion of vulnerability, which appeared in the 1994 Penal Code in France. The present article summarizes current epidemiological data in France and worldwide and highlights the obvious underestimation of domestic violence both in France and in other parts of the world. One French survey reported that in 1997, 50,000 women were victims of rape and more recently, that 225,000 women had reported being victims of domestic violence. In 2021, there were 143 murders in the context of domestic violence, 85% of which involved women. The mechanisms of this violence are usually described as consisting of 4 cyclic phases alternating between a climate of tension, aggression, disempowerment, and remission (repentance on the part of the perpetrator). From a psychodynamic viewpoint, the phenomenon of ascendancy, initially conceptualized by Freud, makes it possible to understand the submission of the victim towards the aggressor. This phenomenon can lead to the inability of the perpetrator to recognize the otherness of the other (the victim). Systemic approaches recall the notion of circular causality, making the victim part of the system without denying the responsibility for his acts on the part of the perpetrator. The consequences are usually very negative representations of self for the victim and an increased dependence toward the aggressor. The judicial and clinical world has for several years advocated dealing with perpetrators of conjugal violence by issuing an injunction to submit to treatment. This can also include victims who consent to these therapeutic proposals. Child abuse in France involved more than 35,000 children in 2018. In 80% of the cases, the perpetrators were one of the victim's parents. The abuse ranged from psychological violence (about 30%) to sexual violence (3.6%). Globally, the prevalence of physical violence against children was estimated to concern from 5 to 35% of children in 2014. Fifteen to 30% of girls versus 5 to 15% of boys are thought to have suffered some form of sexual violence. The tender age of the child is the first risk factor, given that 50% of violent deaths in 2011 concerned subjects under the age of four months. From a psychodynamic perspective, child abuse and violence induce trauma with lasting effects on the personality. Several authors mention resulting attachment disorders and behaviors similar to the Stockholm syndrome. Furthermore, in the neurosciences, repeated trauma is considered to lead to disruption between warning neuroanatomical structures and memorization structures, preventing the memorization of events as representations in a space-time continuum, and retaining them only as a strong stress signal. In addition to violent deaths and immediate traumatic facial injuries, this abuse leads to precarious physical and mental health throughout life. The abuse of older people has become a fact of society worldwide. This phenomenon potentially affects 141,000,000 people worldwide and nearly 7000 people in France. The victims are most often women, widows, and dependents and with some financial resources. The perpetrators are often reported to be exhausted caregivers, but this does not explain the frequency of abuse involving money. Prosecutions after the facts are reported are rare. There is an obvious, underestimation of intra-familial violence both in France and globally, whether this relates to the problems involved in reporting such incidents, or to the ambiguous definitions attributed to abuse. This article underlines how violence against the elderly is less often reported to the courts than those against women and children. Finally, the authors propose a psychopathological approach, neuroscientific insights and therapeutic perspectives on intra-family violence and abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prior studies have established an association between a history of abuse and more severe migraine presentation. Objectives: This cross‐sectional, observational study of a clinic‐based migraine population used validated measures to elucidate migraine‐specific and migraine‐related burdens among patients with a history of abuse. Methods: Patients with migraine (n = 866) from the American Registry for Migraine Research self‐reported if they had a history of emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse and completed questionnaires assessing migraine‐related burden: Migraine Disability Assessment, Subjective Cognitive Impairment Scale for Migraine Attacks, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment, Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Interference, Patient Health Questionnaire‐2, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7. Migraine‐related burden in patients with versus without a history of abuse was compared. Subsequently, a mediation analysis evaluated the impact of depression and anxiety symptoms in the relationship between abuse history and migraine burden. Results: A history of abuse was reported by 36.5% (n = 316/866) of participants. After controlling for patient age, sex, years lived with headache, and headache frequency, a history of abuse was significantly associated with more severe migraine‐related disability. The combined burden of depression and anxiety symptoms mediated the relationship. Conclusion: A history of abuse is associated with greater migraine‐related disability. Future studies should determine if identification and management of the psychological and physical sequelae of abuse reduce migraine burden. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we found that patients with migraine who participated in the American Registry for Migraine Research and self‐reported a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse had worse migraine‐related burden than patients with migraine without a history of abuse. For example, patients who are survivors of abuse described a greater impact of migraine on their work, day‐to‐day living, and cognition. This increased migraine burden may be because of depression and anxiety, and we wonder if treating the underlying causes of these mental health difficulties might reduce their migraine burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Torture victims struggling with post‐traumatic stress often experience elements in the dental treatment situation that may trigger trauma‐related reactions. The aim of the study was to explore intervention strategies that will enable dental health workers to adapt dental treatment to the needs of torture survivors. Exploratory interviews were conducted with 10 torture‐exposed resettled refugees with dental treatment experience in Norway. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis, which suggested that to minimize trauma‐reactions, dental personnel should focus on creating a safe therapeutic space and strengthening the patient's sense of control. Four main categories of clinical advice were proposed: (i) Acquire knowledge about psychology, consequences of torture, cultural differences, trauma‐informed care, and the patients' individual needs; (ii) Recognize the trigger‐potential of busyness or delays; (iii) Avoid surprises, such as sudden moves or actions and explore triggers individually, but make sure not to evoke images of interrogation, and; (iv) Provide overview both with respect to visibility in the clinical room, and to predictability regarding the dental treatment. Although undergoing dental treatment may be challenging for torture‐exposed individuals, it is possible to reduce the predicaments considerably by making feasible adaptions to the treatment and adopting a trauma‐informed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence prevention approaches using social-ecological models inform interventions for people with intellectual disability, who often face barriers to accessing generalist courses. This study explores the experiences of healthcare professionals leading a prevention course specifically designed for adults with intellectual disability. Through semistructured interviews, 12 Norwegian course leaders highlighted the importance of raising awareness and comprehension about rights, and the social and individual factors influencing experiences of violence and its prevention. Challenges were encountered in tailoring the course to the diverse lived experiences of participants with disabilities and addressing ongoing support needs for their safety. The study suggests that adopting a pedagogical or didactic model could serve as a foundation to enhance the planning and delivery of the course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review addressed the issue of the abuse and neglect of older women (age 60 and over) in rural and remote areas, examining these phenomena's prevalence, risk and protective factors, consequences, and associated perceptions. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework, peer-reviewed articles published until September 2023 were identified in six electronic databases. Out of the manuscripts initially identified (n = 219), 28 articles met the selection criteria. The study's quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The included studies provided a comprehensive overview of this phenomenon, encompassing data from 6,579 older rural women. Prevalence rates of abuse and neglect exhibited wide variability, with an average of 27.3%. Among the risk factors, financial dependence and incapacity stood out, while higher income and education levels were protective factors, among others. Emotional/psychological abuse emerged as the most common form, with significant impacts on older women's physical and mental health. Cultural norms and gender expectations also influenced perceptions of abuse and victims' coping mechanisms. In a context in which access to specialized resources and services is hampered by significant limitations, community awareness and education prove vital to address this issue, which positions social work as key to addressing these challenges. The prevalence of abuse against older rural women is significant. Emotional abuse stands out as a major issue, underscoring the need for comprehensive interventions accounting for cultural and gender factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with dementia suffer not only from symptoms but also from social vulnerability including an increased risk of abuse and criminal victimization. In existing quantitative studies, the data are based on reports by people with dementia themselves, their family members, or concerned persons, which may be insufficient to accurately identify the actual mechanisms and circumstances of abuse or victimization. To speculate on the exact realities of people with dementia victimization, we extracted criminal sentences of perpetrators collected from the Japanese judgment database. A total of 152 cases in approximately 23 years included various victimization situations; these cases were classified into six categories of harm (physical, psychological, neglect, sexual, financial, and miscellaneous) and five categories of perpetrator (spouse, child, other family, supporter, and stranger or other). There were 93 cases of physical victimization by the spouse or child, which were statistically analyzed. Through case inspections, we provide an accurate victimization process of people with dementia and propose a four-class typology of physical victimization by the family: care exhaustion, antipathy to people with dementia, self-righteous or self-contained family, and continuous abuse type. These case scrutinies and their classifications may contribute to interventions regarding the support of people with dementia and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have identified connections between child maltreatment and sleep-related issues. However, poor is known on potential links between sleep patterns and day-to-day functioning, along with psychopathology in maltreated youths. Additionally, existing research on the relationship between sleep difficulties and maltreatment often lacks investigation into specific sleep difficulty profiles across different age ranges. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of diverse sleep disturbance profiles in a sample of maltreated children and adolescents, exploring distinct sleep disorder profiles based on sex, age, and the type of maltreatment experienced. Potential variations in adaptive and psychopathological profiles between maltreated children with and without sleep disturbances were also explored. This retrospective study included 91 children and adolescents (56% males, 44% females), aged 6 to 17, with a history of maltreatment (physical maltreatment, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, or neglect), referring for a neuropsychiatric and psychological evaluation at a pediatric hospital. Data were obtained through a retrospective file review. Sleep difficulties were measured through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children; cognitive abilities, adaptive skills, and emotional and behavioral features were also investigated. Among maltreated youth, difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep were the most frequently observed by caregivers. Poor sex differences emerged, whereas adolescents exhibited more daytime somnolence than school-age children. Children with sleep difficulties exhibited more anxiety symptoms and worse global functioning in comparison with children without sleep difficulties. Conclusion: Considering the vital impact of sleep quality on healthy development, practitioners should offer tailored services to child maltreatment victims. Enhancing the sleep quality of these children could help foster their resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Child maltreatment (CM) is associated with psychosis; however little is known about the frequency, type, and timing of abuse in the personality pathology domain of psychoticism (PSY) in the DSM-5. The purpose of this study was to analyze childhood trauma typology and frequency according to gender and to identify sensitive periods of susceptibility to CM in women with high PSY. Methods: The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology Exposure (MACE) scale was used to evaluate the frequency, severity and timing of each type of maltreatment. The full sample consisted of 83 participants with different psychiatric diagnoses. Psychoticism was assessed with the DSM-5 Personality Inventory (PID-5). To identify the differences in CM exposure between the PSY+ (high psychoticism) and PSY- (low psychoticism) groups, the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi square test and random forest (RF) test were used. Results: Comparing PSY + and PSY-, revealed gender differences in the impact of abuse, with highly frequent and severe types of abuse, in women. In women, PSY + and PSY-, were differentiated especially in non-verbal emotional abuse, peer physical bullying and parental verbal abuse. Several periods with a major peak at age seven followed by peaks at age 17 and 12 years old were identified. Conclusion: Increased exposure to CM occurs in women with PSY+. A sensitivity to CM exposure during early childhood and late adolescence could be a risk factor for psychoticism in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable tool for measuring beliefs and attitudes regarding incest. Incest can be considered a widespread social problem. Despite the prevalence of incest, a tool that can measure knowledge of and attitudes toward incest in Turkey is still a necessity. In this study, 457 adults participated in the first and 255 adults in the second stage. To collect the data, Incest Scale, Childhood Emotional Incest Scale and demographic form were used. Exploratory/Confirmatory factor analysis, parallel analysis, reliability analysis were performed, and criterion validity was tested. A 23-item and 5-factor scale was obtained. The fit indexes obtained as a result of confirmatory factor analysis were satisfactory. Positive significant correlations were found between incest and childhood emotional incest. The reliability coefficients ​​were found to be within acceptable limits. This study is expected to fill a significant gap in the field, promote awareness regarding incest, and make an important contribution to the field to combat incest effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study extends the literature on the impact of the family of origin on gender identity by theorizing about refusing gender. We define refusing gender as the intimate refusal of gender identity by family members that is perceived as intentional and deliberate by transgender and nonbinary people in the United States. In this article, we demonstrate how refusing gender is intimate, perceived as intentional, embedded within existing family instabilities, and disruptive of family relationships. This study is based on interviews from a racially diverse group of 25 transgender and nonbinary adults in Texas, half of whom report high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Findings contribute to gender theory by revealing the importance of the family in recognizing gender identity. This research makes novel connections between existing family instability, including histories of abuse, and gender refusal. We embed gender recognition within persistent family dynamics, including long-standing family instabilities and family violence, arguing that these family dynamics persist in the lives of adult children. Overall, these findings demonstrate how cisnormativity is reproduced in family life, filling significant gaps in theorizing about transgender and nonbinary family life. Plain Language Summary: When Family Members Refuse to Recognize Your Gender and Why This Relates to Histories of Abuse The family is an important institution for shaping the gender, race, and class identities of children. In this article, we analyze interviews with transgender and nonbinary adults in the United States to argue that families are important for recognizing the gender identities of adults. Just as parents can be involved in "giving gender" to children, they can also be "refusing gender" for adult children. This refusing gender is so painful that transgender and nonbinary adult children see gender refusal as connected to childhood abuse and often use it as a reason to estrange their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents in South Africa may experience violence victimizations in many forms (abuse, bullying, assault) and across many contexts (home, school, community). Polyvictimization is a valuable framework to examine the diversity of violence in adolescents' lives, particularly when employed alongside person-centered methods such as latent class analysis. This study builds on previous work examining contextually sensitive patterns of polyvictimization among South African adolescents and uses longitudinal Young Carers data (n = 3401) from highly-deprived, low-resource settings to investigate the associations between latent class polyvictimization profiles and physical and mental health outcomes using the Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars (BCH) method. Key results found that adolescents who experienced high polyvictimization alongside contextual factors (poverty, disability, etc.) had greater odds of suicidality and higher scores for depression and anxiety measures than their peers who experienced moderate or low polyvictimization. These outcomes were often worse within the high polyvictimization classes for those participants experiencing burdens of HIV/AIDS and disability. Results were mixed for the physical health outcomes (chronic health condition; recent poor health) and when distinguishing between the moderate and low polyvictimization classes, as some classes characterized by decreased polyvictimization had worse health outcomes. These findings highlight the need to consider polyvictimization as a relevant health risk and contextual factor when addressing the health and well-being needs of South African adolescents. Health programming and policy efforts should seek to screen for and address the causes of and distress from polyvictimization when targeting adolescents and provide a cohesive response to the adolescent violence and health burdens in low-resource communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent substance abuse is a growing public health concern. Adolescence is the starting point for adult substance misuse. The likelihood of acquiring dependence in adulthood is significantly decreased when substance use is not initiated during adolescence. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of substance use among teenagers, as well as to determine the age of initiation and identify the factors that are linked to substance use. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban community in Vellore by a tertiary care teaching hospital. A structured questionnaire was administered by the principal investigator to all adolescent boys aged between 10 and 19 years residing in that area for the past year who gave informed consent/assent to assess the prevalence of substance use among teenagers. Results: The total number of adolescent boys enrolled in the study was 266. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the participants was 16.14 (2.2) years, with a median age of 16 years. Out of the 266 adolescent boys, 33.8% are currently using substances and 15% were past users. The common substance used was smoking tobacco (30%), followed by alcohol consumption (29%). The minimum age of initiation of smoking tobacco and ganja use was 9 and 7 years, respectively. Significant predictors of substance usage included the participant’s educational background and the substance use of their parents. Conclusion: According to this community-based study’s findings, smoking tobacco was the most frequently used substance by teenagers, with a higher prevalence of current substance use. Substance misuse in the family was substantially associated with increased drug usage among teenagers. Notwithstanding having an adequate comprehension of the negative results of substance utilisation, teenagers develop this habit, which they might carry into adulthood. It is therefore necessary to establish comprehensive prevention and control programs in schools and the community that target teenagers and their parents.

Background: The POCSO (Protection Of Children from Sexual Offences) Act was introduced in 2012 as a measure to safeguard and prevent interests of children affected by sexual crimes. Both medical and dental professionals are capable of identifying such cases. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of child sexual abuse related to POCSO Act among both medical and dental professionals in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on 100 medical and dental healthcare professionals employed in a single hospital for evaluation of knowledge and awareness on POCSO Act. The questionnaire containing multiple choice questions was randomly distributed among all the study participants as hard copy or via electronic generated forms. The questionnaire comprised questions related to demographics and those dealing with knowledge and attitude. Statistical Analysis: Categorical variables were represented in the form of percentages, and data analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: 67% study participants demonstrated full knowledge of POCSO, 23% had some knowledge, and 10% study subjects had absolutely no knowledge regarding this act. 7% professionals opined that the support for such affected children must come from Government Organizations, while 15% believed that Non-Governmental Organizations must support these children. 28% professionals believed that the child support and welfare committee should play a role in supporting these children. However, 50% study participants were of the opinion that the primary support must be community-based. On analyzing statistically, level of knowledge and awareness were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.05). Conclusion: There appears to be a good amount of knowledge and attitude among both medical and dental professionals regarding POCSO Act.

Aims. To determine the incidence of children < 2 years old with suspected abusive head trauma, to evaluate usage of dedicated skeletal radiographs and the incidence of clinically occult fractures on dedicated skeletal radiographs. Methods. This is a retrospective single centre study of children < 2 years old with traumatic brain injury, referred to the University Hospital's Social Services Department between December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2020. Clinical and demographic data was retrieved from medical notes and imaging was reviewed by paediatric radiologists. Results. 26 children (17 males), 2 weeks to 21 months of age (median age 3 months) were included. Eleven children (42%) had traumatic history, fourteen children (54%) had one or more bruises, eighteen children (69%) had abnormal neurological findings. 16 children (62%) had dedicated skeletal radiographs, 7 children (27%) had radiographs of part of the skeleton and 3 children (11%) had no skeletal radiographs. 5 out of 16 children (31%) with dedicated skeletal radiographs had a clinically occult fracture. 15 (83%) of clinically occult fractures had high specificity for abuse. Conclusion. The incidence of suspected abusive head trauma in children < 2 years old is low. Clinically occult fractures were detected in one third of children with dedicated skeletal radiographs. The majority of these fractures have high specificity for abuse. Dedicated skeletal imaging is not performed in more than one third of the children and hence fractures may be missed. Efforts should be taken to increase awareness of child abuse imaging protocols.

Abstract Custody cases characterized by conflict may involve allegations of abuse or parental alienation, necessitating a thorough examination of the situation for the child’s wellbeing. This case series describes stereotypes and biases faced by three racialized fathers, resulting in problems in the processes and outcomes of the family court system. Occurring at the intersection of race, culture, religion, and gender, social myths about these fathers of South Asian and MENA (Middle Eastern, North African, Arab) descent led to inequities in parental rights and harm to their children. Biases experienced by fathers included racism, sexism, Islamophobia, and xenophobia, which manifested as presumptions that such fathers espoused outdated gender roles, exerted excessive authority in the home, and were unwilling to adapt to mainstream culture—which can bias the decision-making of custody evaluators, child advocates, lawyers, and judges. This paper presents the relevant facts of each case, critical errors made by the court—such as ignoring the voices of the fathers, delayed verdict delivery, inadequate assessment of abuse, and failure to prioritize the children's welfare. This article discusses stigma, abuse, interracial dynamic, and the mental health toll of this process on fathers, despite having respected professions and financial resources. Also addressed is the challenge of differentiating parental alienation from estrangement due to child abuse when children reject a parent. It is hoped that by recognizing and addressing these biases outcomes in parental disputes can be greatly improved.

Background: Adolescents in low-middle-income countries face increasing physical and mental health challenges. The present study aimed to assess status of injury, verbal abuse, substance use, and emotional behavior of adolescents of Uttarakhand, India, and evaluate the importance of each component. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents in 13 government schools in Uttarakhand using the Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) using Varimax rotation was performed to analyze principal components among two domains of GSHS (substance abuse domain and verbal abuse and emotional behavior domain). Factorability was assessed using Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin and Bartlett’s test. Variance Accounted For index was used to evaluate the importance of each component. Results: A total of 634 adolescents completed the questionnaire. 41.3% students suffered from serious injury with a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between both genders. Girls were more likely to report having felt lonely most of the time or always in the past 12 months (11.0% vs 4.6%, P = 0.018). Boys were more likely to miss classes on 3 or more days (9.9% vs 4.9%, P = 0.043). Initiation of smoking cigarettes (9.6% vs 1.2%, P

Abstract Background This pilot study examines the widespread phenomenon of “sharenting” and how it is perceived by parents. Given the increasing prevalence of this practice, the study aims to explore parental awareness of its potential risks and assess whether it is perceived as a form of child abuse, particularly regarding the violation of children’s privacy. While traditional forms of child abuse inflict direct harm on the child, sharenting can damage the child’s image and pose risks to their well-being, both in the present and the future. We evaluated the potential correlation between specific demographic characteristics and parents’ social media usage. The study aimed to assess the possibility of expanding the research by involving European pediatric societies to obtain comparable data and develop family education programs with the goal of limiting this phenomenon. It also emphasizes the important role that pediatricians and schools can play in these programs. Methods The study was designed using a survey model, one of the recognized quantitative research methods described in the literature and was conducted by the Pediatric Department of the University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico in Rome between November 2023 and January 2024. Results Data from this study indicate that gender, age, education level, number of children, and number of social media accounts were not associated with sharenting phenomenon and suggest that the frequency and the onset time of sharenting were the main influencing variables in the perception of sharenting phenomenon as neglect and abuse. Conclusions Preventive interventions, such as counseling and parental education, are essential to safeguard children’s well-being and prioritize their best interests, including their privacy and identity. Moreover, while the data from this study are limited, they underscore the importance of expanding data collection efforts across different countries. Establishing a comprehensive database could be beneficial for local and European governments in developing policies and educational programs aimed at mitigating potential risks associated with the improper exploitation of personal data, thus safeguarding children in both the short and long term.

Abstract The prevalence of alcohol use disorder was found 75% higher among amphetamine dependent patients. Alcohol and amphetamine alone have nephrotoxicity and hepatoxicity. But, the degree of risk with coabuse of alcohol and amphetamine is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess toxic effects of amphetamine-alcohol co-abuse on the liver and kidney. he present study was a cross-sectional study conducted et al. Amal Hospital for Mental Health, Qassim region, KSA and include one hundred participants. Seventy-five participants were patients hospitalized for the treatment of abuse, and twenty-five participants, were healthy voluntaries, have no history of abuse. An experienced psychiatrist conducted patient interviews and assessed the patients using the DSM-5 criteria. The data from healthy participants were considered as a control. The abuse group was paired with the control group by age and lifestyle. Participants were split into: Group I: Control group (n = 25); Group II: Amphetamine (AMP) abuser group (n = 25); Group III: Alcohol abuser group (n = 25) and Group IV: Combined drug abuser group (AMP and alcohol) (n = 25). The socio-demographic data was collected. Complete medical examination, Body Mass Index and samples of blood and urine were collected from all participants for analytical tests; determination of alcohol and AMP levels, kidney functions and liver functions. The mean BMI values in groups II, III, and IV showed no significant change from the control group. The serum level of albumin and alkaline phosphatase showed significant decrease in all abuser groups. While, alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and osteopontin levels showed significant increase in all abuser groups. Fasting blood sugar values showed significant increase in alcohol abusers. On the other hand, it revealed no significant change in AMP and combined groups. The mean values of urea showed no significant change in AMP and alcohol abusers and significant increase in combined drug abuser group. The serum creatinine and all abuser groups showed significant increase in Cystatin C. The alteration in the most of studied biochemical parameters were more than two folds in combined group compared with that of AMP or alcohol groups. Study reveals synergistic liver and kidney toxicity. Amphetamine-alcohol co-abuse significantly heightens kidney and liver toxicity.

While the topic of athlete welfare has gained significant attention in academic literature, to date there has been a primacy placed on physical settings and their ability to augment or thwart the welfare of athletes. The discourse has, therefore, neglected the advent of social media spaces and their potential to have a significant impact on athlete welfare. Social media platforms are now a vital component in the lives of athletes who are increasingly reliant on maintaining an online presence and following. In this commentary, we consider the scope of social media and its potential impact on the welfare of athletes, particularly female athletes. In doing so, we identify and discuss some of the positive health and well-being outcomes associated with increased online communication and self-representation in social media spaces. We examine the scholarship concerning the threats posed by social media spaces, consider power in virtual environments and its impact on welfare, and finally suggest some future directions for scholarship in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]