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Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) occurs in the absence of structural or neurologic etiologies. Patients with MTD are frequently encountered in clinics and are evaluated using multiple measures of voice evaluation. Studies reporting on the correlation of multiple measures of voice evaluation among individuals with MTD are minimal, which led to this study. This single-group correlational study involved 48 participants diagnosed with primary MTD at a tertiary care institute. Multidimensional measures of voice (acoustic, aerodynamic, auditory-perceptual, and self-rating) were obtained from the participants. GRBAS scale, Acoustic Voice Quality Index, Acoustic Breathiness Index, Maximum Phonation Duration, S/Z ratio, Voice Handicap Index, and Vocal Fatigue Index were the variables considered. These measures were correlated using Spearman's correlation (ρ) within and between different measures of voice evaluation. Several statistically significant (P < 0.05) correlations were found within and across different measures of voice evaluation. Moderate to very high correlations (ρ between 0.48 and 0.87) were found between auditory-perceptual measures and multiparametric acoustic measures. Weak to moderate correlations (ρ between 0.31 and 0.62) were observed between the VHI and its subsections, with GRBAS, AVQI, and ABI. No statistically significant correlations were observed between aerodynamic measures and other measures of voice evaluation. Results from this study suggest that compared to across measures, the correlation between different variables was stronger within each measure of voice evaluation. These findings highlight the need for a multidimensional voice evaluation in patients with MTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Cancer therapy is considered to cause accelerated ischemia. Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measurement is an inexpensive, simple, available test for the early diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, it is not performed routinely. We aimed to evaluate the role of routine ABI measurement for the diagnosis of PAD among patients diagnosed with cancer and whether it correlates with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Methods A retrospective, single-center study including patients diagnosed with cancer at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center. The cohort included patients performing routine ABI and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) echocardiography. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of PAD and whether it correlates with LV dysfunction, defined by LV GLS absolute value

Abstract Background The ankle–brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the ankle and brachial systolic blood pressures. In the clinical setting, low ABI ( 1.4) is a sign of arterial stiffness and calcification. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between ABI and physical activity levels, measured by accelerometer. Methods The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) is a Swedish nationwide population-based cross-sectional cohort for the study of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, in which individuals aged 50–64 years were randomly invited from the general population. The study population with data on ABI, physical activity, and sedentary time based on accelerometry was 27,737. Differences between ABI categories and associations to sedentary behavior, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and other metabolic characteristics were compared. ABI was categorized as low, ABI ≤ 0.9, borderline, ABI 0.91–0.99, normal, ABI 1.0-1.39, and high, ABI ≥ 1.4. Results Prevalence of low ABI was higher in the most sedentary quartiles compared to the least sedentary (0.6% vs. 0.1%, p 1.4 (0.069 ± 0.001; p 1.4 (0.534 ± 0.002; p = 0.004). Conclusion This population-based study shows that middle-aged individuals with ABI > 1.4 have the highest level of physical activity, while individuals with a lower ABI, especially those with ABI

The persistent challenge of phages in dairy fermentations requires the development of starter cultures with enhanced phage resistance. Recently, three plasmid-encoded lactococcal antiphage systems, named Rhea, Aristaios, and Kamadhenu, were discovered. These systems were found to confer high levels of resistance against various Skunavirus members. In the present study, their effectiveness against phage infection was confirmed in milk-based medium, thus validating their potential to ensure reliable dairy fermentations. We furthermore demonstrated that Rhea and Kamadhenu do not directly hinder phage genome replication, transcription, or associated translation. Conversely, Aristaios was found to interfere with phage transcription. Two of the antiphage systems are encoded on pMRC01-like conjugative plasmids, and the Kamadhenu-encoding plasmid was successfully transferred by conjugation to three lactococcal strains, each of which acquired substantially enhanced phage resistance against Skunavirus members. Such advances in our knowledge of the lactococcal phage resistome and the possibility of mobilizing these protective functions to bolster phage protection in sensitive strains provide practical solutions to the ongoing phage problem in industrial food fermentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This commentary seeks to evaluate existing knowledge about the relationship between brain injury (BI) and overdose (OD), to unify distant bodies of literature, and to enhance prevention and treatment for opioid OD among individuals with BI. Background: There is a hidden epidemic of undiagnosed BI in the United States. Due to lack of screening, the vast majority of BI sufferers do not know they have a BI. Not only are those with BI at elevated risk for opioid use, misuse, and opioid use disorder, but also they are at elevated risk for OD. Conversely, those with OUD and those who experienced an OD, are more likely to sustain BI. Key Findings/Conclusions: The existing literature suggests that primary strategies to reduce ABI (Acquired Brain Injury)/TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) harms involve addressing: screening, stigma, racial disparities, and popular misconceptions about OD. The association between TBI and OD is an underexamined public health issue, exacerbated by the bidirectional nature of the relationship. Not only is TBI a risk factor for opioid OD; opioid OD was also found to be a major cause of ABI, which can have lifelong effects similar to Alzheimer's disease. Screening tools for BI were underutilized and inconsistently implemented across reviewed studies. Enhanced screening population wide is a promising intervention, complemented with expanded treatment and research. Black individuals face worse outcomes in BI and treatment outcomes. Anti-racist strategies must fight inequity while addressing social and structural drivers of overdose and BI within the opioid and opioid overdose crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aimed to identify manualised programs and practice suggestions to support children's health literacy, behaviors and emotions after a parental acquired brain injury. A systematic search of five scientific databases (PsychINFO, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane) and gray literature occurred. Inclusion criteria included: studies and gray literature published 1989 to 2023, in English, child populations with relationship to parental acquired brain injury, identifying manualised programs or practice suggestions via content analysis approach. No data were collected from human participants. All included studies, where relevant, demonstrated consent and/or ethical processes. Sixteen relevant studies and three gray literature resources (n = 19) were identified, including two studies that detailed manualised programs, and fifteen studies and two resource packs that included practice suggestions. Five common domains within practice suggestions were identified: systemic commitment (n = 17); family-centered approaches (n = 16); child-centered practices (n = 15); structured programs (n = 9); and peer support (n = 8). More rigorous evaluation is required to test the potential benefits of manualised programs and practice suggestions. A systemic commitment at clinical and organizational levels to provide child and family-centered practices, structured programs, and access to peer support, early and throughout adult-health care settings, may help to meet the support needs of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatigue is common following paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) and can negatively impact quality of life. Despite this, there is limited understanding of how clinicians currently assess and manage fatigue in rehabilitation. This study explored how Australian rehabilitation clinicians recognize, assess, and manage fatigue following paediatric ABI. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 clinicians who work with children (0-18 years) with ABI in rehabilitation. Interview transcripts were analysed using constructivist grounded theory methods. Two main themes and sub-themes were developed: (1) Reaching a shared understanding: Identifying and understanding fatigue; Unpacking fatigue with children and their families; and (2) Using the shared understanding: Clinicians working collaboratively to manage fatigue; Planning for and supporting children and their family through transitions; Anticipating and problem-solving speedbumps. Participants reflected on the importance of reaching a shared understanding of fatigue within each child's unique context, requiring the collaborative effort of the child, family, school, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, to problem-solve and manage fatigue together over time. These findings provide insights into the processes of assessing and managing fatigue from rehabilitation clinicians’ perspectives and highlight the importance of a collaborative approach to support the individual needs of the child during their rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Acquired brain injuries (ABI) represent neurological disorders that can arise after traumatic and non-traumatic events. In addition to the physical, emotional and cognitive challenges that patients face, these injuries can bring changes in the life of the patient and his or her family. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to understand how the occurrence of an ABI condition can disrupt and reshape family functioning by examining certain dimensions such as role in the family, gender and age, which may have a major influence on family dynamics. METHODS: We enrolled 86 caregivers of patients with ABI. Two experienced psychologists examined family functioning with Olso's Family Adaptability and Cohesion Rating Scale (FACES IV). RESULTS: The correlation between groups by generics showed a significant difference only for flexibility (p = 0.05). Specifically, flexibility was greater in male caregivers, particularly in sons. Most of the constructs defining family functioning, such as communication, remained unchanged despite the ABI event. CONCLUSION: This study provides an in-depth understanding of how families face the challenges posed by the ABI and the role caregivers play within the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Acquired brain injury (ABI) often leads to persisting somatic, cognitive, and social impairments. Cognitive impairments of processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory are frequently reported and may negatively affect activities of daily living and quality of life. Rehabilitation efforts aiming to retrain these cognitive functions have often consisted of computerized training programs. However, few studies have demonstrated effects that transfer beyond the trained tasks. There is a growing optimism regarding the potential usefulness of virtual reality (VR) in cognitive rehabilitation. The research literature is sparse, and existing studies are characterized by considerable methodological weaknesses. There is also a lack of knowledge about the acceptance and tolerability of VR as an intervention method for people with ABI. The present study aims to investigate whether playing a commercially available VR game is effective in training cognitive functions after ABI and to explore if the possible effects transfer into everyday functioning. Methods One hundred participants (18–65 years), with a verified ABI, impairments of processing speed/attention, and/or working memory, and a minimum of 12 months post injury will be recruited. Participants with severe aphasia, apraxia, visual neglect, epilepsy, and severe mental illness will be excluded. Participants will be randomized into two parallel groups: (1) an intervention group playing a commercial VR game taxing processing speed, working memory, and sustained attention; (2) an active control group receiving psychoeducation regarding compensatory strategies, and general cognitive training tasks such as crossword puzzles or sudoku. The intervention period is 5 weeks. The VR group will be asked to train at home for 30 min 5 days per week. Each participant will be assessed at baseline with neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, after the end of the intervention (5 weeks), and 16 weeks after baseline. After the end of the intervention period, focus group interviews will be conducted with 10 of the participants in the intervention group, in order to investigate acceptance and tolerability of VR as a training method. Discussion This study will contribute to improve understanding of how VR is tolerated and experienced by the ABI population. If proven effective, the study can contribute to new rehabilitation methods that persons with ABI can utilize in a home setting, after the post-acute rehabilitation has ended.

Background: There is a need for improved access to evidence-based interventions supporting the wellbeing of caregivers of adults with acquired brain injury (ABI). Remotely delivered interventions could address this need. The present systematic review sought to collate studies evaluating remotely delivered interventions designed to improve the wellbeing of caregivers of adults with an ABI, to summarise findings and to comment on the quality of this research. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted up until December 2023. Study characteristics, populations, interventions and outcomes were outlined, and papers were appraised on methodological quality. The review was pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD42020189235). Results: Eleven studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Methodological quality was generally low to adequate. Most studies evaluated an intervention for caregivers of people with stroke, with a variety of types of interventions trialled. The majority of studies reported non-significant findings on wellbeing outcomes when compared to control conditions. Conclusions: There is limited evidence supporting a remotely delivered intervention to improve wellbeing outcomes for ABI caregivers. Specific recommendations are provided, including the development of a core set of outcomes and replication of findings over time, which can improve research into the development and evaluation of remote interventions for this population. Caring for someone with an acquired brain injury can impact negatively on wellbeing, and caregivers face a range of barriers to access services. This systematic review explored the evidence-base for supporting the psychological wellbeing of caregivers remotely. The literature was searched, and studies were summarised and evaluated on methodological quality. Eleven studies were found. In summary, there is currently little evidence supporting remote delivery to improve psychological wellbeing for this group. Recommendations for future research and intervention development are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To elucidate the differences in auditory performance between auditory brainstem implant (ABI) patients with tumor or nontumor etiologies. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection from 1990 to 2021. Review Methods: We included published studies with 5 or more pediatric or adult ABI users. Auditory outcomes and side effects were analyzed with weighted means for closed‐set, open‐set speech, and categories of auditory performance (CAP) scores. Overall performance was compared using an Adult Pediatric Ranked Order Speech Perception (APROSPER) scale created for this study. Results: Thirty‐six studies were included and underwent full‐text review. Data were extracted for 662 tumor and 267 nontumor patients. 83% were postlingually deafened and 17% were prelingually deafened. Studies that included tumor ABI patients had a weighted mean speech recognition of 39.2% (range: 19.6%‐83.3%) for closed‐set words, 23.4% (range: 17.2%‐37.5%) for open‐set words, 21.5% (range: 2.7%‐48.4%) for open‐set sentences, and 3.1 (range: 1.0‐3.2) for CAP scores. Studies including nontumor ABI patients had a weighted mean speech recognition of 79.8% (range: 31.7%‐84.4%) for closed‐set words, 53.0% (range: 14.6%‐72.5%) for open‐set sentences, and 2.30 (range: 2.0‐4.7) for CAP scores. Mean APROSPER results indicate better auditory performance among nontumor versus tumor patients (3.5 vs 3.0, P =.04). Differences in most common side effects were also observed between tumor and nontumor ABI patients. Conclusion: Auditory performance is similar for tumor and nontumor patients for standardized auditory test scores. However, the APROSPER scale demonstrates better ABI performance for nontumor compared to tumor patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) often leads to persisting somatic, cognitive, and social impairments. Cognitive impairments of processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory are frequently reported and may negatively affect activities of daily living and quality of life. Rehabilitation efforts aiming to retrain these cognitive functions have often consisted of computerized training programs. However, few studies have demonstrated effects that transfer beyond the trained tasks. There is a growing optimism regarding the potential usefulness of virtual reality (VR) in cognitive rehabilitation. The research literature is sparse, and existing studies are characterized by considerable methodological weaknesses. There is also a lack of knowledge about the acceptance and tolerability of VR as an intervention method for people with ABI. The present study aims to investigate whether playing a commercially available VR game is effective in training cognitive functions after ABI and to explore if the possible effects transfer into everyday functioning. Methods: One hundred participants (18–65 years), with a verified ABI, impairments of processing speed/attention, and/or working memory, and a minimum of 12 months post injury will be recruited. Participants with severe aphasia, apraxia, visual neglect, epilepsy, and severe mental illness will be excluded. Participants will be randomized into two parallel groups: (1) an intervention group playing a commercial VR game taxing processing speed, working memory, and sustained attention; (2) an active control group receiving psychoeducation regarding compensatory strategies, and general cognitive training tasks such as crossword puzzles or sudoku. The intervention period is 5 weeks. The VR group will be asked to train at home for 30 min 5 days per week. Each participant will be assessed at baseline with neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, after the end of the intervention (5 weeks), and 16 weeks after baseline. After the end of the intervention period, focus group interviews will be conducted with 10 of the participants in the intervention group, in order to investigate acceptance and tolerability of VR as a training method. Discussion: This study will contribute to improve understanding of how VR is tolerated and experienced by the ABI population. If proven effective, the study can contribute to new rehabilitation methods that persons with ABI can utilize in a home setting, after the post-acute rehabilitation has ended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) often results in significant challenges, yet it may also facilitate Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG). This review explores a critical question: “What are the main factors contributing to PTG following ABI, and what potential barriers to its development are perceived by ABI survivors?” Here we aim to systematically uncover these contributors and barriers to PTG through a meta-synthesis, involving a comprehensive review of previously published qualitative research on this topic. A literature search was conducted across PsycINFO, CINAHL, and MEDLINE up to December 2022 to identify studies for inclusion. From an initial pool of 1,946 records, eleven articles were selected for inclusion. Reflexive thematic analysis yielded three analytical themes including “Journey to Self-Rediscovery”, “Strength in Connection” and “Overcoming Obstacles”. Our findings also revealed facilitators and barriers across multiple levels of scale including personal (e.g., acceptance versus resignation), interpersonal (e.g., positive social ties versus difficulties making social connections), and systemic (e.g., new meaning and purpose versus financial constraints) scales. Our research extends existing knowledge in ABI rehabilitation, providing a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics influencing PTG with implications for clinicians seeking to promote wellbeing following brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talin (herein referring collectively to talin 1 and 2) couples the actomyosin cytoskeleton to integrins and transmits tension to the extracellular matrix. Talin also interacts with numerous additional proteins capable of modulating the actin-integrin linkage and thus downstream mechanosignaling cascades. Here, we demonstrate that the scaffold protein Caskin2 interacts directly with the R8 domain of talin through its C-terminal LD motif. Caskin2 also associates with the WAVE regulatory complex to promote cell migration in an Abi1-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Caskin2-Abi1 interaction is regulated by growth factor-induced phosphorylation of Caskin2 on serine 878. In MCF7 and UACC893 cells, which contain an amplification of CASKIN2, Caskin2 localizes in plasma membrane-associated plaques and around focal adhesions in cortical microtubule stabilization complexes. Taken together, our results identify Caskin2 as a novel talin-binding protein that might not only connect integrin-mediated adhesion to actin polymerization but could also play a role in crosstalk between integrins and microtubules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most distressing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a strong angiogenic factor associated with wound healing and development. This study aimed to investigate the VEGF mRNA and miR-200b levels in patients with T2DM and to discover their relations with the clinicopathological and anatomical distribution of DFU. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 70 patients with T2DM and 70 healthy subjects as controls. Physical and neurological examination to assess Wagner classification. RT-PCR was done to assess VEGF mRNA and miR- 200b expression levels. Results: There were significantly higher values of VEGF mRNA levels in patients with DFU (3.13±1.87) compared to patients without DFU (2.41±0.197) and controls (1.07±0.363), with P value <0.001* Additionally, miR-200b levels were significantly higher in patients with DFU (3.48±1.47) compared to patients without DFU (2.94±0.187) and controls (1.13±0.37), with P value <0.001*. The power of VEGF mRNA and miR-200b levels as a diagnostic marker for DFU were projected (2.5 and 3.1, respectively), which yielded a sensitivity of (77.1% and 74.3, respectively) and a specificity of (77.3% and 75.2%), with the AUC at (0.886 and 0.845, respectively). The size of DFU in cm was 3.5±0.421 and the number of ulcers was 2.45±0.433. Conclusions: The VEGF mRNA and miR-200b levels were significantly higher in patients with T2DM, particularly those with DFU. Consequently, we believed that VEGF mRNA and miR-200b might serve as promising predictive biomarkers for diabetes and DFU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of systems for adaptive business intelligence (ABI) in the healthcare industry has the potential to revolutionize and reform the way organizations approach data analysis and decision-making. By providing real-time, actionable insights and enabling organizations to continuously adapt and evolve, ABI has the potential to drive better outcomes, reduce costs and improve the overall quality of patient care. This article proposes an interoperability architecture that allows the seamless use and integration of HL7 messages and the information they contain as an interface with these systems. The proposed architecture follows a microservices paradigm with an emphasis on its modularity and distribution capacity and is part of an effort to achieve interoperability and ease of integration with ABI systems, while never neglecting key characteristics such as speed, security and the best practices in software development and architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drowning is a leading cause of brain injury in children. Long-term outcome data for drowning survivors are sparse. This study reports neurocognitive outcomes for 154 children hospitalized following drowning. A survey for parent caregivers was distributed online. Likert scale items assessed 10 outcome variables in four domains: motor (three), perception (three), language (three), and social/emotional (one). Cluster analysis, outcome relative risk, and descriptive statistics were applied. Of 208 surveys received, 154 met inclusion criteria. Coma was the most common admission status (n = 137). Cluster analysis identified three outcome groups: Mild (n = 39), Moderate (n = 75), and Severe (n = 40). Motor impairment with cognitive and perceptual sparing (deefferentation) was present in Moderate (P < 1 × 10−26) and Severe (P < 1 × 10−12) but absent in Mild. Locked-in state was endorsed in both Moderate (83%) and Severe (70%). The strongest predictor of good outcome (Mild) was hospitalization with no medical intervention (relative risk [RR] = 6.7). Responsivity on admission (RR = 4.2) or discharge (RR = 12.22) also predicted good outcome. In-hospital prognostication and counseling predicted outcome weakly (RR = 1.3) or not at all. Long-term outcomes in pediatric drowning ranged widely. Overall, motor impairments exceeded perceptual or cognitive (P < 1 × 10−18), with "locked-in state" endorsed in most (93 of 154). The strongest predictors of good outcome were the lack of necessity for interventions and responsivity on admission or discharge. The eponym "Conrad syndrome" is proposed for locked-in state following nonfatal drowning in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate and compare the accuracy and robustness of the multiparametric acoustic voice indices (MAVIs), namely the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI), Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI), Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI), and Voice Wellness Index (VWI) measures in differentiating normal and dysphonic voices. The study group consisted of 129 adult individuals including 49 with normal voices and 80 patients with pathological voices. The diagnostic accuracy of the investigated MAVI in differentiating between normal and pathological voices was assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Moderate to strong positive linear correlations were observed between different MAVIs. The ROC statistical analysis revealed that all used measurements manifested in a high level of accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 and greater) and an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between normal and pathological voices. However, with AUC 0.99, the VWI demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy. The highest Youden index equaled 0.93, revealing that a VWI cut-off of 4.45 corresponds with highly acceptable sensitivity (97.50%) and specificity (95.92%). In conclusion, the VWI was found to be beneficial in describing differences in voice quality status and discriminating between normal and dysphonic voices based on clinical diagnosis, i.e., dysphonia type, implying the VWI's reliable voice screening potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard machining, as one of the sustainable manufacturing technologies, tends to introduce highly coupled thermomechanical loads into the machined surface layer, which causes materials to suffer from severe plastic deformation underneath and, thus, the alteration of the mechanical properties. In this paper, a systemic investigation was performed on the correlation of processing parameters, plastic deformation, and mechanical properties of machined surface layer for hardened H13 steel, where the cutting parameters and tool micro-geometry are varied. The plastic deformation layer was composed of an amorphous structure and plastically deformed grain. Compared to cutting parameters, edge micro-geometry significantly influences the depth of the plastic deformation layer. The automated ball indentation (ABI) technique was utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties of the machined surface layers. Finally, the relationship between processing parameters, depth of plastic deformation, and mechanical properties was revealed. The experimental findings provide a solid foundation for processing parameter selection to improve the functional performance of manufactured components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPatients with lower extremity wounds from diabetes mellitus or peripheral artery disease (PAD) have a risk of amputation as high as 25%. In patients with arterial disease, revascularization decreases the risk of amputation. We aimed to determine if the early assessment of arterial perfusion correlates with the risk of amputation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients referred to the vascular clinic over 18 months with Rutherford Grade 5 and 6 chronic limb-threatening ischemia to determine if patients had a pulse exam done at the time the wound was identified and when ankle brachial index (ABI) testing to evaluate perfusion was performed. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to determine if the timing of ABI testing affected the time to revascularization, wound healing, and risk of amputation.ResultsNinety-three patients with lower extremity wounds were identified. Of these, 59 patients (63%) did not have a pulse exam performed by their primary care provider when the wound was identified. Patients were classified by when they underwent ankle brachial index testing to assess arterial perfusion. Twenty-four had early ABI (

The most common complaint among patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) is hearing loss. This significantly affects the quality of life before, during, and after treatment for patients with VS. Untreated hearing loss in VS patients may even lead to depression and feelings of social isolation. A variety of devices are available for hearing rehabilitation for patients with vestibular schwannoma. These include contralateral routing of hearing signals (CROSs), bone-anchored hearing devices, auditory brainstem implants (ABI), and cochlear implants. In the United States, ABI is approved for patients 12 years of age and older with neurofibromatosis type 2. In the past few years, cochlear implantation has been offered simultaneously or sequentially with tumor resection or irradiation, or even to patients whose VS have been monitored with serial imaging. However, determining the functional integrity of the auditory nerve in patients with vestibular schwannoma is a challenge. This review article consists of (1) the pathophysiology of vestibular schwannoma (VS), (2) hearing loss in VS, (3) treatment of VS and associated hearing loss, (4) options for auditory rehabilitation in patients with VS with their individual benefits and limitations, and (5) challenges in hearing rehabilitation in this cohort of patients to determine auditory nerve functionality. (6) Future directions.

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an advanced atherosclerotic disease-causing augmented risks of hospitalization and death. So, several studies tried to detect novel biomarkers for PAD diagnosis. The study is aimed to explore the role of plasma miRNA 323b-5p and miRNA 486-5p levels to diagnose PAD. Methods: The research was performed in Medical Biochemistry & Cardiology Departments - Zagazig Faculty of Medicine. It included 100 volunteers categorized into 2 groups; Group (1): included 50 healthy volunteers served as control group with ankle brachial index (ABI) > 0.9. Group (2): included 50 PAD patients with ABI < 0.9. Plasma 323b-5p and miR 486-5p expression level were measured via real time PCR. Color Doppler was performed to calculate ABI, which was correlated with miRNA levels. Results: There was a highly significant difference between groups as regards miR 323b-5p. Furthermore, miR 486-5p expression level showed significant variance between groups. Regarding miRNA 323b-5p expression level, cutoff value was 2.55, sensitivity was 89.3% and specificity was 72.7%. Concerning miR 486-5p expression level, cutoff value was 1.92, sensitivity was 82.1% and specificity was 81.8%. As regards combined miR 323b-5p and miR 486-5p ROC curve, it was 96.4% sensitivity and 95.5% specificity. Each miRNA showed a negative correlation with ABI. Conclusion: miRNA 323B-5P and miRNA 486-5P can be a novel and potent biomarker for PAD diagnosis, particularly for risky patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Returning to education (RtE) after an acquired brain injury (ABI) can be stressful for children/young people (CYP) and families. While much can be done to support RtE, there has been limited exploration of the lived experience of parents/carers about what can both help and hinder the process. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to understand more about RtE from parents' perspectives to inform best practice and facilitate improvements in service delivery. METHODS: A service evaluation explored parent/carer views about the RtE process and the support received from healthcare professionals at a regional centre in the UK. Questionnaires (n = 59) were sent to parents of patients treated for an ABI in the last two years. RESULTS: 31 parents (response rate = 51%) completed the survey. Results highlight the many challenges of RtE. Thematic analysis of responses revealed six key themes: Parental mindset and growth; What do they need now?; Specialist support and information; Talk and share; Challenges of new and hidden needs; and Don't forget them! CONCLUSION: Parents offer crucial insight into the challenges of the RtE process. Their feedback highlights important factors for service development and reminds professionals of the key components of an effective return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Abusive Behaviour Inventory (ABI), which is regarded as an efficient self-report measure with demonstrated high reliability and validity. This examination aims to determine the tool's effectiveness when screening for victims of domestic violence and present recommendations for how the device may be improved. Within this critique, the ABI is analysed through a literature review and the exploration of the tool's development. A detailed overview of the ABI is included, and its reliability and validity are critically reviewed. Findings from the research base of this tool are presented and also discussed. While the ABI is regarded as an efficient self-report measure which has been demonstrated to have both high reliability and validity, after evaluation, implementing a structured professional judgement (SPJ) approach is recommended. This would expand the tool's utility to include risk and safety assessment. In addition, methods and considerations for including LGBTQ relationships are introduced. Finally, implications for the ABI's use in informing batterer intervention programs are highlighted. It is concluded that more research is warranted to continue increasing the ABI's applicability to different intimate relationship archetypes and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a pitch discrimination test performed by five experienced adult auditory brainstem implant (ABI) users with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). The ability to discriminate frequency/pitch from different channels on the implant may be an important factor in improving speech performance. The pitch discrimination ability was evaluated by using a triangle test compared to adjacent contacts and the speech perception was measured by the Swedish three-digit test. The test was easy to perform, and all patients were able to answer reliably, even though it cannot be ruled out that patients used attributes other than pitch to differentiate between sounds. Due to the limited number of patients and small variation in results, no conclusive correlations could be made regarding pitch discrimination and auditory outcome. There was a tendency for poorer ability to discriminate pitch (discrimination of tonotopically adjacent electrodes) at testing to result in poorer speech results.

The most common complaint among patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) is hearing loss. This significantly affects the quality of life before, during, and after treatment for patients with VS. Untreated hearing loss in VS patients may even lead to depression and feelings of social isolation. A variety of devices are available for hearing rehabilitation for patients with vestibular schwannoma. These include contralateral routing of hearing signals (CROSs), bone-anchored hearing devices, auditory brainstem implants (ABI), and cochlear implants. In the United States, ABI is approved for patients 12 years of age and older with neurofibromatosis type 2. In the past few years, cochlear implantation has been offered simultaneously or sequentially with tumor resection or irradiation, or even to patients whose VS have been monitored with serial imaging. However, determining the functional integrity of the auditory nerve in patients with vestibular schwannoma is a challenge. This review article consists of (1) the pathophysiology of vestibular schwannoma (VS), (2) hearing loss in VS, (3) treatment of VS and associated hearing loss, (4) options for auditory rehabilitation in patients with VS with their individual benefits and limitations, and (5) challenges in hearing rehabilitation in this cohort of patients to determine auditory nerve functionality. (6) Future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Classification of Impairment, Disabilities and Health by the World Health Organization had a profound influence on assessing and treating people with acquired brain injuries (ABI), which cause a movement from using impairment-based intervention to use therapies that focused on improving the participation and function of the individual's daily life. Although the first step of any therapy plan is to measure the damaged function of the related dimension, no available functional communication test for Persian-speaking people with ABI is available. Our purpose of this study was to provide a Functional Communication Test for Persian-speaking patients to measure the strengths and weakness of communication in dementia-free patients with ABI. In this cross-sectional study, the first version of the Persian Functional Communication Test (P-FUCT) was designed based on the structure of the most common functional communication tests such as ASHA-FACS and CADL. The content validity ratio (CVR) were determined. The final version of P-FUCT was administered on 30 dementia-free patients with ABI completed once by a clinician and once by the caregivers and the correlation between the scores was obtained. Concurrently, the P-WAB-1 was administered to assess the concurrent validity of the P-FUCT. The results indicated that P-FUCT has an acceptable level of internal consistency (alpha = 0.96), inter-rater 0.91 and intra-rater measurements 0.95 p < 0.05 with an adequate CVR of 0.71. The correlation between P-WAB-1 and P-FUCT scores completed by clinicians and the caregivers was r = 0/79 and r = 0/80. The P-FUCT is a valid and reliable assessment tool can be use for measuring the function communication ability of dementia-free patients with ABI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the argumentation-based inquiry (ABI) approach on the analytical thinking skills and academic achievement of seventh-grade students using a mixed method. It was conducted in a secondary school in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey with seventh-grade students from two classes during the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. Unit-based achievement tests, analytical thinking scenarios, and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. The findings show that the application of the ABI approach in science classes is effective in improving the academic achievement of students. According to the analytical thinking test findings, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group in the post-test. The evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative findings revealed that the ABI approach used in science lessons had improved the analytical thinking skills of the experimental group students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the argumentation-based inquiry (ABI) approach on the analytical thinking skills of seventh-grade students using a mixed method. It was conducted in a secondary school in the Black Sea region of Turkey with seventh-grade students from two classes during the fall semester of the 2021–2022 academic year. The findings show that the application of the ABI approach in science classes is effective on the academic achievement of students. According to the analytical thinking test findings, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group in the post-test. The evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative findings revealed that the ABI approach used in science lessons had improved the analytical thinking skills of the experimental group students.

In the face of ongoing anthropogenic climate change, river water quality assessment has become increasingly important for maintaining ecological balance and supporting local and downstream livelihoods. This research aims to create a new water quality index (WQI) to assess water quality in the Andean highlands (>2000 m.a.s.l.) for climate change adaptation and mitigation. We examined water physicochemical and bacteriological parameters and the benthic macroinvertebrate (BM) community in three micro-watersheds in Achupallas, Ecuador, to achieve our goal. We analyzed water quality at 41 sampling points, and samples (replicates) were taken for nine consecutive months. In addition, we evaluated the accuracy of the WQI developed by the U.S. National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) in 1970 (WQINSF). The BM community in the Andes highlands was used to develop and calibrate a new WQI, the Andean Biotic Index* (ABI*). We calibrated the ABI* taxon score in the area where the WQINSF made the most accurate water quality measurements. Our results show that the sigma value framework quantifies WQINSF accuracy. Therefore, a higher sigma value means we measured water quality more accurately. There was no correlation between the WQINSF and the Andean Biotic Index (ABI). The ABI* considers the presence of BMs and their sensitivity to pollution to measure water quality. The results also show a strong statistical link between the ABI* and the WQINSF. The ABI* can aid mountain communities in adjusting to climate change. Mountain dwellers can monitor a stream's water quality by observing the BM communities. However, the ABI* is not a substitute for the WQINSF or biological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of fetal bovine dermal scaffold (FBDS) application with multilayer offloading (standard of care) over that of traditional therapies in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Method: Patients from a single centre in South Florida, US were recruited for this research. All patients underwent a run-in period of standardised care and vascular testing to determine and control the ability to heal. Patients were placed in multilayer offloading total contact cast (TCC) systems with application of FBDS every four weeks. Wound measurements and efficacy of offloading were monitored weekly. Results: In an older population with diabetes and above-normal body mass index (BMI), use of FBDS was successful in wound closure, with average time to closure of 7.85 weeks for the 20 patients in this study. It should be noted that surface wound area was reduced by approximately 40% by week 4 and by almost 83% by week 9. Follow-up at three and six months showed no residual or recurrent ulcerations in this study population for 19/20 patients. Conclusion: Total wound closure of hard-to-heal DFUs in this patient series study was achieved with local surgical debridement, TCC offloading and application(s) of a FBDS in older patients with above-normal BMI and in wounds of >4 weeks non-progressive healing. Furthermore, at three and six months, 19/20 patients' wounds remained closed and did not re-ulcerate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the experiences of goal setting in paediatric rehabilitation from the perspectives of children and adolescents with acquired brain injury (ABI) and their parents in paediatric rehabilitation. Using a qualitative research design, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 parents and 8 young people with ABI aged between 9 and 18 years who were engaged in outpatient rehabilitation. Interview transcripts were analysed using constructivist grounded theory methods. Two main themes and several sub-themes emerged: Experiences of goal setting: The role of professionals; The role of the young person; and The role of the parents. Working as a team: Understanding each other and building trust; Communicating, sharing knowledge and different perspectives; and Being flexible. These themes reflect parent's and young people's experience of goal setting during paediatric rehabilitation for ABI and suggest clinicians play an important role in educating young people and their families about goal setting in the outpatient rehabilitation context. Young people and their parents also perceive the focus of outpatient rehabilitation as working collaboratively with clinicians to gain knowledge to manage the consequences of ABI. Our findings emphasize the importance of the therapeutic consumer–clinician relationship and the need to actively engage young people in goal setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) sensors on the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite-R series (GOES-R) broaden the application of global vegetation monitoring due to their higher temporal (5–15 min) and appropriate spatial (0.5–1 km) resolution compared to previous geostationary and current polar-orbiting sensing systems. Notably, ABI Land Surface Phenology (LSP) quantification may be improved due to the greater availability of cloud-free observations as compared to those from legacy GOES satellite generations and from polar-orbiting sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Geostationary satellites sense a location with a fixed view geometry but changing solar geometry and consequently capture pronounced temporal reflectance variations over anisotropic surfaces. These reflectance variations can be reduced by application of a Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model to adjust or predict the reflectance for a new solar geometry and a fixed view geometry. Empirical and semi-empirical BRDF models perform less effectively when used to predict reflectance acquired at angles not found in the observations used to parameterize the model, or acquired under hot-spot sensing conditions when the solar and viewing directions coincide. Consequently, using a fixed solar geometry or even the geometry at local solar noon may introduce errors due to diurnal and seasonal variations in the position of the sun and the incidence of hot-spot sensing conditions. In this paper, a new solar geometry definition based on a Constant Scattering Angle (CSA) criterion is presented that, as we demonstrate, reduces the impacts of solar geometry changes on reflectance and derived vegetation indices used for LSP quantification. The CSA criterion is used with the Ross-Thick-Li-Sparse (RTLS) BRDF model applied to North America ABI surface reflectance data acquired by GOES-16 (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020) and GOES-17 (1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020) to normalize solar geometry BRDF effects and generate 3-day two-band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) time series. Compared to the local solar noon geometry, the CSA criterion is shown to reduce solar geometry reflectance and EVI2 time series artifacts. Further, comparison with contemporaneous VIIRS NBAR (Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance) EVI2 time series is also presented to illustrate the efficacy of the CSA criterion. Finally, the CSA-adjusted EVI2 time series are shown to produce LSP results that agree well with PhenoCam-based observations, with no obvious systematic bias in onsets of vegetation maturity, senescence, and dormancy dates compared to about 10-day bias found with local solar noon adjusted EVI2 time series. • Constant Scattering Angle (CSA) criterion is proposed to normalize ABI reflectance. • CSA criterion minimizes the impact of solar geometry on ABI reflectance and EVI2. • CSA-adjusted ABI EVI2 is comparable with VIIRS NBAR EVI2 time series. • CSA-adjusted ABI EVI2 detects phenometrics similar to PhenoCam observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) has been on the rise, leading to impaired gait functionality in affected individuals. Traditional gait exoskeletons are typically rigid and bilateral and lack adaptability. To address this, the STELO, a pioneering modular gait-assistive device, was developed. This device can be externally configured with joint modules to cater to the diverse impairments of each patient, aiming to enhance adaptability and efficiency. This study aims to assess the safety and usability of the initial functional modular prototype, STELO, in a sample of 14 ABI-diagnosed participants. Adverse events, device adjustment assistance and time, and gait performance were evaluated during three sessions of device use. The results revealed that STELO was safe, with no serious adverse events reported. The need for assistance and time required for device adjustment decreased progressively over the sessions. Although there was no significant improvement in walking speed observed after three sessions of using STELO, participants and therapists reported satisfactory levels of comfort and usability in questionnaires. Overall, this study demonstrates that the STELO modular device offers a safe and adaptable solution for individuals with ABI, with positive user and therapist feedback.

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with changes that occur in the peripheral circulation that affect foot functions. Therefore, there is a need for a risk prediction test on foot abnormalities using the leg pain response parameters in T2DM patients with ankle-brachial index (ABI) and peripheral sensory changes as a preventive effort to manage foot care. Design and Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design in which 63 T2DM patients in a Public Health Center (PHC) in Malang were investigated. The instruments used include visual analog scale (VAS), monofilament, and foot doppler. Results: The Pearson correlation test showed no relationship between the responses to leg pain and the ABI of the right and left feet (p-values = 0.217 and 0.692), but there was a significant relationship between the left foot ABI and sensory status (p-value 0.002; left foot r = 0.383). Meanwhile, the Pearson's correlation and linear regression test also showed a relationship between the right foot ABI and sensory status (p-value = 0.007; r = 0.338). Furthermore, a multiple linear regression test showed a relationship between the leg pain response and sensory perception of the right and left feet (p-value = 0.035; r = 0.325). Conclusions: The relationship between the sensory status of the right and left feet and the response to leg pain in T2DM patients were moderate with a negative direction. It, therefore, implies that a decrease in the sensory responses increased the leg pain. Meanwhile, the moderate relationship and positive direction between the ABI and sensory status of the feet of T2DM patients indicates that a higher ABI score led to an increase in the sensory status of the foot.

Background and aimsThe Ankle-Brachial index (ABI) is a well-accepted measure of peripheral artery disease (arterial stenosis and stiffness) and has been shown to be associated with cognitive function and disorders; however, these associations have not been examined in Hispanics/Latinos. Therefore, we sought to examine relationships between ABI and cognitive function among diverse middle-age and older Hispanics/Latinos.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data on n = 7991 participants aged 45-74 years, without stroke or coronary heart disease, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Our primary outcome, global cognition (GC), was a continuous composite score of four cognitive domains (verbal learning and memory, verbal fluency, executive function, and mental status). Secondary outcomes were the individual tests representing these domains. The ABI was analyzed continuously and categorically with standard clinical cut-points. We tested associations using generalized survey regression models incrementally adjusting for confounding factors. Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia moderations were examined through interactions with the primary exposure.ResultsIn age, sex, and education adjusted models, continuous ABI had an inverse u-shape association with worse GC. We found similar associations with measures of verbal learning and memory, verbal fluency, executive function, but not with low mental status. The associations were attenuated, but not completely explained, by accounting for the confounders and not modified by age, sex, education, and vascular disease risks.ConclusionsIn addition to being a robust indicator of arterial compromise, our study suggests that abnormal ABI readings may also be useful for early signaling of subtle cognitive deficits.

This study explored the related factors affecting the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. According to blood pressure rhythm, 1007 patients with essential hypertension were divided into dipper (n = 332) and non-dipper group (n = 675). Age, gender, height and other basic information were collected, BMI was calculated, and FPG, TG, TC and other indicators were recorded. Meanwhile, carotid ultrasound, office BP, central hemodynamic parameters, and other indicators were recorded. Logistic regression was used. In comparison, dSBP, dDBP, nSBP, nDBP, nocturnal systolic blood pressure and nocturnal diastolic blood pressure drop rate, 24 hSSD, 24 hDSD and dSSD were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results showed no distinct differences in CSP, CDP, CPP, AP, Aix and AIx75 in CAP between two groups (P > 0.05). Log regression analysis showed that for every increase in nocturnal SBP, dipper hypertension was more likely to occur than non-dipper hypertension. Circadian rhythm of blood pressure of hypertension in patients with essential hypertension is mainly the influence of circadian blood pressure and nocturnal blood pressure drop rate, especially for the nocturnal systolic blood pressure, so effective control of blood pressure at night could make the circadian rhythm of blood pressure tend to be in dipper type distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a pitch discrimination test performed by five experienced adult auditory brainstem implant (ABI) users with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). The ability to discriminate frequency/pitch from different channels on the implant may be an important factor in improving speech performance. The pitch discrimination ability was evaluated by using a triangle test compared to adjacent contacts and the speech perception was measured by the Swedish three-digit test. The test was easy to perform, and all patients were able to answer reliably, even though it cannot be ruled out that patients used attributes other than pitch to differentiate between sounds. Due to the limited number of patients and small variation in results, no conclusive correlations could be made regarding pitch discrimination and auditory outcome. There was a tendency for poorer ability to discriminate pitch (discrimination of tonotopically adjacent electrodes) at testing to result in poorer speech results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the risk factors associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and to analyze the relationship of DFUs and the value of Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). In this retrospective study, the risk factors associated with DFUs were analyzed, and the value of ABI and baPWV were measured to find its relationship with DFUs. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that neuropathy and ABI were independent risk factors for DFUs. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the value of ABI. For patients with DFUs, the value of baPWV decreased with the decrease of ABI. In normal or high ABI group, about a quarter of patients who suffered from DFUs had a higher value of baPWV than the others without DFUs. The pathogenesis of DFUs was multifactorial. Regarding the occurrence and development of foot ulcers, the action of vascular occlusion was more important than vascular sclerosis. ABI measurements should be taken more seriously in patients with DFUs. baPWV should be taken with care in the follow-up of the patients without DFUs. However, in patients with a normal value of ABI, the degree of vascular sclerosis of patients with DFUs may be greater than those without ulceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common below the knee in diabetes but arteries in the foot are controversially said to be spared of occlusive disease. This is relevant to the convenient site of vascular assessment that is recommended in guidelines. Should assessment be distal at toe/forefoot to detect foot disease or only proximal to detect disease at ankle level? The objective was to determine frequency of PAD at foot and ankle level. This was a cross-sectional observational study, evaluating arterial disease proximally by palpation of pedal pulses and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), and distally by Toe Brachial Index (TBI), and forefoot transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcpO2), in consecutive patients presenting with foot ulceration. We assessed 301 limbs in 154 patients: 59% of limbs were ulcerated. PAD in the foot was detected in 70% and 74% of limbs by TBI and forefoot tcpO2, respectively, but PAD at ankle level only in 51% and 34% by pulse palpation and ABI, respectively. In limbs with "normal" ABI, PAD was present in the foot in 70% as indicated by low TBI, and in 73% by low tcpO2, with 70% to 64% having associated ulceration, respectively. When compared with arterial waveforms, as a measure of PAD, TBI gave an excellent AUC (area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.89), but ABI gave a poor AUC of 0.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.55-0.76). In conclusion, arterial disease is important in the foot and can be detected by TBI, which should be performed even when ABI is normal. Guidelines that recommend TBI only if ABI is artificially raised need updating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereo tracking of clouds from multiple satellites permits the simultaneous retrieval of an atmospheric motion vector ("wind") and its height in the atmosphere. The direct measurement of height is a major advantage of stereo methods over observations made from a single satellite where the height must be inferred from infrared brightness temperatures. A pair of operational geostationary satellites over the Americas provides stereo coverage where their two fields of view intersect. Stereo coverage can be extended to nearly a full hemisphere with a third satellite. We demonstrate this configuration with the operational GOES-R constellation of GOES-16 (east) and GOES-17 (west) augmented by GOES-18 in its central test slot and use the 500-m resolution Advanced Baseline Imager Band 2. We examine the consistency of the pairwise products created from GOES-18 and -16 versus GOES-18 and -17 and create a fused triple-GOES product that spans nearly the full hemisphere seen from GOES-18. We also examine the retrieval of ground points observed under clear skies and compare their retrievals to zero speed and known terrain heights. The results are compatible with a wind accuracy about 0.1 m/s with height assignment uncertainty of 175 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a screening tool for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, persons with normal ABI may still exhibit abnormalities in the physical examination of arterial system (PHEA). Objective: In older persons from the PolSenior study, we aimed to assess the risk of total mortality associated with abnormalities in PHEA in the context of dichotomised ABI. Methods: We used data from the PolSenior survey and matched them with mortality information from the Polish Census Bureau. We obtained sociodemographic, medical history, and lifestyle data. The PHEA by a geriatrician included carotid, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and the dorsalis pedis arterial pulses, and auscultation of aorta, carotid, femoral, and renal arteries. Ankle-brachial index was tibial to brachial SBP ratio. We plotted the stratified Kaplan–Meier curves and used Cox's regression to assess the unadjusted and adjusted influence of PHEA result on time to death. Results: The mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 852 persons (46.7% women) was 74.7 (10.6) years. In the ABI < 0.9 group, the PHEA was not associated with mortality. However, in the ABI ≥ 0.9 group, both in unadjusted and adjusted (RHR; 95% CI: 1.08; 1.02–1.16, p = 0.01) Cox regression, PHEA greater by 1 score was associated with mortality. Presence of 4 or more PHEA abnormalities was raising the risk in the ABI ≥ 0.9 group to the level associated with ABI < 0.9. Conclusions: In the older persons with normal ABI, the greater number of abnormalities during physical examination of arteries may be indicative of higher risk of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]