Search

The article discusses the development of digital models of the physical and mechanical characteristics of biodegradable polymers. Based on previous studies of biopolymers, it was determined that the key physicochemical properties of biopolymers for consumers are elongation, tensile strength and weight loss in soil. Since the main characteristic that determines the biodegradation of a polymer is its weight loss in the soil, the authors proposed an approach to the development of a mathematical model of this process. To develop a mathematical model of weight loss in soil for different compositions of biopolymers, it is proposed to use the approximation of the corresponding functional dependencies. As a result of the calculations, it was revealed that the most accurate results of constructing a mathematical model of weight loss in soil for PE/NR compositions are provided by polynomials of 3-4 degrees (the obtained mathematical models are highly accurate, the determination coefficient is at least 0.95). For the practical application of the developed models of the characteristics of biopolymers, an algorithm was proposed for selecting a biopolymer with the properties required for the consumer. The use of this algorithm will allow potential consumers of biopolymers to select the most suitable composition for the production of final products from it, taking into account the required values of physical and mechanical characteristics, as well as the characteristics of biodegradation.

The results of testing the dynamic strength of ceramic samples of aluminum oxide with different grain sizes are presented. Ceramics are obtained by electropulse plasma sintering (EPS) of industrial submicron and micron ?Al2O3 powders. Heating was carried out at a rate of 10 °C/min; The ceramic grain size was varied by changing the EPS temperature. The ceramics had a high relative density (more than 98%), a uniform finegrained microstructure, and the average grain size varied from 0.8 to 13.4 µm. The ceramic grain size was varied by changing the sintering temperature and heating rate, as well as by changing the initial particle size of the ?Al2O3 powder. Dynamic compression tests were carried out according to the modified Kolsky method, using a split Hopkinson rod. The tests were carried out using a gas gun with a caliber of 20 mm (PG20), at room temperature, with a deformation rate of ~ 103 s–1. It has been established for the first time that the dependence of the dynamic tensile strength of aluminum oxide on the grain size has a nonmonotonic character, with a maximum. The maximum value of the dynamic compressive strength (?Y = 1060 MPa) is provided with an average grain size of ~ 2.9–3 µm. It is shown that the decrease in ?Y of aluminum oxide in the region of submicron grain sizes is due to a decrease in the relative density of ceramics sintered at lower temperatures of SPS. It has been suggested that the decrease in ?Y of ceramics in the region of micron grain sizes is due to the formation of internal microstresses near the grain boundaries. It has been established that with an increase in the grain size, the hardness HV of aluminum oxide decreases, and the minimum Palmquist crack resistance coefficient KIC increases. The results obtained demonstrate that there is no need to ensure the formation of a nanostructure in ceramics to ensure high characteristics of their dynamic strength.

Infectious diseases such as salmonellosis, strangles and rhinopneumonia of horses remain an unsolved task of veterinary practice not only in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), but also in other regions of Russia where herd horse breeding is developed. Only in recent years, after scientists of the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture have developed highly immunogenic vaccines such as "Salmonella abortion vaccine", "Inactivated horse strangles vaccine" and at the approval stage "Divalent vaccine against rhinopneumonia and equine salmonellosis", "Combined vaccine against rhinopneumonia and strangles horse for young horses", epizootological the situation in the republic. In the process of introducing these vaccines in disadvantaged farms, the quality of horse meat and foal supplied is assessed by conducting organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological, chemical-toxicological and radiological studies. All studies were conducted in compliance with standards and norms. Enzyme immunoassay proved the circulation of the rhinopneumonia virus in farms where vaccinations were not carried out. Salmonella abortion and horse strangles are registered annually in the republic. Infectious diseases create a barrier to the export of horse breeding products. We are developing a scheme of preventive veterinary and sanitary measures for horse breeding farms of the republic that are disadvantaged by infectious diseases of horses. One of its important points is to improve the quality of products obtained from horse breeding. During the implementation of these measures, mares and young horses were immunized with vaccines developed by us in the farms of Tattinsky, Megino-Kangalassky and Ust-Aldansky uluses. Vaccinated animals received the probiotic "Sakhabactisubtil" with food. The business output of foals from vaccinated mares increased by 10-30%. A veterinary and sanitary examination of the foal was carried out. Microbiological examination of 50 samples of meat in 2 samples revealed bacteria of the Escherichia coli group. According to other indicators, the studied meat samples correspond to TR CU 021/2011 "On food safety", TR CU 034/2013 "On the safety of meat and meat products". Export of foals from the republic is possible after recovery from rhinopneumonia and annual vaccination against salmonella abortion and horse strangles.

The modern period of development of legal education in Ukraine faces many problems. However, so far they are not properly resolved. Considering the implementation in Ukraine of the principles and requirements of the Bologna Process, the researchers' attention is drawn to such issues as the changing role of law and lawyers in society, the reform of the legal profession, the internationalization of the legal services market, the impact of legal professionalism on legal education. Part of the mentioned challenges are methods of improving the actual educational process, in particular, the logical thinking of future lawyers. In search of a solution to the mentioned problems, the authors agree that one of the ways, in particular, combining theory and practice, is to use the experience of foreign countries. First of all, the USA, Great Britain and Germany, where the three best legal education systems in the world today were created and operate. The article examines certain aspects of the methods of improving legal education in Ukraine, related to the connection between theory and practice, the formation of professional legal competence, a special feature of which is argumentation. The research is based on the Socratic method. It acts as a form of joint reasoned dialogue between the teacher and the student, based on posing and answering questions, with the aim of stimulating the logical and critical thinking of future lawyers. The gradual introduction into legal education of the work experience of American law schools, a method where the student independently produces his own logic of proof and convinces everyone that the decision he has determined is the best. According to the authors, the Socratic method can be borrowed for the training of Ukrainian lawyers only under four conditions. The first of them is related to the fact that «Logic» as an educational discipline in universities of Ukraine is not mandatory. The Socratic method, which is inherent in this discipline, is often not even mentioned in the relevant «Programs of Work». The second condition should take into account the experience of the USA in that, starting legal education, an American student is already prepared to think logically to a large extent. The third condition is to ensure a much higher level of awareness among applicants of choosing the profession of lawyer. The fourth condition for the use of the Socratic method in legal education of Ukraine is the settlement of the still unsolved problem of the teacher's workload. It is an obvious barrier to the individualization of education, as it affects his earnings.

The results of tests for ballistic resistance of ceramic samples based on aluminum oxide (Al2O3 + 0.25MgO) obtained by high-speed electric pulse plasma sintering (EIPS) are presented. Samples 30 mm in diameter, 6.5 and 7 mm thick had a high relative density (more than 99%), a uniform fine-grained microstructure (average grain size ~1–1.5 mm), and increased hardness (more than 17 GPa). Using the finite element method, using the ANSYS Workbench package, it is shown that during rapid cooling at a rate of 50 °C/min, an uneven temperature field is formed in the samples and a difference in temperatures arises on two opposite sides of the ceramic samples. It has been established that non-uniform cooling during SPS leads to the formation of compressive internal stresses (up to –450 MPa), and there is a significant difference in the magnitude of internal stresses on opposite sides of ceramic samples. The differences in the parameters of the microstructure and microhardness on opposite sides of the samples are insignificant. Ballistic resistance tests were carried out at a speed of 700 m/s, using cylindrical-conical impactors made of hardened steel 52100. The ballistic resistance of the ceramics was evaluated by the anti-barrier action, i.e., the penetration depth of the striker into the aluminum witness sample located behind the tested ceramic plate. It is shown that the barrier action during testing of a ceramic plate with a large value of compressive internal stresses (from –390 to –450 MPa) is 1.5–2 times less than during ballistic testing of a ceramic plate, in the surface layer of which internal compressive stresses are small (from –60 to –90 MPa). The results obtained for the first time demonstrated the importance of the formation of compressive fields of internal stresses in ceramics, which makes it possible to further increase the ballistic resistance of protective ceramic plates.

The article presents the work of a multidisciplinary team of experts from various fields of medicine to optimize the «Questionnaire for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction (QCPPD) of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology» for use in clinical practice. The survey of respondents was conducted from June 28 to September 28, 2021. As a result of this survey, by repeatedly making edits and clarifications during communication with respondents, the final version was obtained, which allows assessing the patient's subjective sensations by the nature and localization of pelvic pain, sensitivity disorders and pelvic organ function. The main objective of this Questionnaire is to differentiate patients with neurogenic pain from a huge number of patients with chronic pelvic pain. This aspect will allow a more targeted approach to the diagnosis and pathogenetically justified treatment of patients, including after appropriate instrumental examinations. The work of a multidisciplinary team implies a higher degree of objectification and terminological accuracy of the Questionnaire under discussion. The presented version of the «Questionnaire for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction (QCPPD) of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology» will be primarily used in coloproctological patients with pelvic pain problems and anal incontinence and obstructive defecation. Further studies will be directed to the clinical evaluation of the results of the work carried out.В статье представлена работа мультидисциплинарной команды экспертов различных областей медицины по оптимизации «Опросника для оценки хронической тазовой боли и нарушений функции тазовых органов (ОХТБФ) НМИЦ колопроктологии им. А.Н. Рыжих» для использования в клинической практике. Опрос респондентов проводился с 28 июня по 28 сентября 2021 г. В результате данного опроса путем неоднократного внесения правок и уточнений в ходе общения с респондентами был получен конечный вариант, позволяющий проводить оценку субъективных ощущений пациента по характеру и локализации тазовой боли, нарушениям чувствительности и функции тазовых органов. Основной задачей данного Опросника является дифференцирование пациентов с нейрогенной болью из огромного числа больных с хронической тазовой болью. Данный аспект позволит более таргетно подходить к диагностике и патогенетически оправданному лечению пациентов, уже в том числе после проведения соответствующих инструментальных обследований. Работа мультидисциплинарной команды подразумевает более высокую степень объективизации и терминологическую точность обсуждаемого Опросника. Представленный вариант «Опросника для оценки хронической тазовой боли и нарушений функции тазовых органов (ОХТБФ) НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих» будет прежде всего использоваться у пациентов колопроктологического профиля с проблемами тазовой боли и нарушением функции держания и эвакуации кишечного содержимого. Дальнейшие исследования будут направлены на клиническую оценку результатов проведенной работы.

Infectious diseases are registered annually in herd horse breeding. One of the most common diseases among young horses are rhinopneumonia and strangles. According to the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Republic of Sakha Yakutia and its own research, rhinopneumonia is registered annually in many districts of the republic, and the incidence of horse strangles is 57.8-62.7% annually, and the mortality from these diseases reaches up to 20%. One of the effective methods of combating these diseases is vaccination. In this regard, we have developed a new combined vaccine against rhinopneumonia and strangles for young horses. Preclinical studies on white mice have established harmlessness, absence of toxicity and pyrogenicity. The preclinic was completed by determining the tolerability on young horses (target animals) with single and multiple administration in preventive and increased doses. After immunization, the foals of all experimental groups in the blood, regardless of the multiplicity and number of doses of the vaccine, developed antibodies to the rhinopneumonia virus in titers 1:800 and 1:1600. The morphological composition of the blood of animals of all experimental groups exceeded the indicators of animals of the control group in terms of the content of erythrocytes and leukocytes. However, it should be noted that the indicators of the morphological composition of the blood of the control and experimental groups were within the physiological norm. Biochemical studies have shown that, in all groups (control, experimental), a decrease in total protein and its fractions was noted after vaccination. We attribute the decrease in these indicators to the influence of the method of keeping and feeding, since in the spring the young do not receive the necessary nutrients, vitamins and mineral elements. Thus, we have established the safety of a combined vaccine against rhinopneumonia and strangles for young horses in tested doses.

In the article the problems of tutoring, as component individualization of studies, are considered. Authors estimate the attempts of some Ukrainian scientists to equate the functions of tutor and of counsel known yet from soviet times of academic group critically. Moreover, the current Ukrainian legislation does not give determination of concept "counsel" and does not envisage this activity. Implementation of tutor functions needs certain knowledge and abilities, forming of that is not envisaged by maintenance of traditional preparation of teacher and personality internalss that today does not have support in the legislative field of Ukraine. Therefore that is why logically to lean against western scientific and practical revisions from this object. Actuality and necessity of tutoring, – here authors support opinion of some other scientists, - are conditioned by the primary purpose of British education – by the development of ability to think, that is realized in mainly due to independent work of student at accompaniment of tutor. Authors pay attention to that in Oxford and Cambridge of tutors occupy important position as regular units, providing a feed-back between a student and concrete teacher and all faculty advisors. Tutor here is a tutor that is fastened after every student, and conducts him to the end of studies. He elects the programs for a ward student, recommends him the certain algorithm of study, and controls all process. Due to the role of counsels of studies in Oxford becomes individual in a great deal. The German model of education, that envisaged no freedom and choice and only hard discipline and limitation, was used in Ukraine, This model was brought yet in the days of tsar's Russia by М. Lomonosov. But present time requires from education new approaches, methods and facilities. One from such systems and there is tutoring. Thus, there is an urgent requirement in bringing of profession of tutor to the National classifier of Ukraine SK 003: a 2010 «Classifier of professions».

Summary The common drug Metrogyl Denta can be used in different ways in the treatment of periodontitis, in particular, in the form of applications or using high-frequency ultrasound. The article is devoted to the study of the effect of various methods of using Metrogyl Dent gel on the microbiota of periodontal pockets in periodontitis. In 40 patients with a diagnosis of moderate periodontitis, the treatment complex included a combined effect of high-frequency ultrasound and an antibacterial preparation of Metrogyl Dent gel (ultraphonophoresis of Metrogil Dent gel) or Metrogil Dent was used as applications (20 people in the compared groups). The contents of the pathological periodontal pockets were studied twice before treatment (after removing dental deposits), and also after 10 days of treatment. Microbiological examination to identify periodontal pathogenic bacterial microbiota was carried out using the anaerobic culture technique. Ultraphonophoresis of Metrogyl Denta gel has a more pronounced antibacterial effect in comparison with the applications of this drug. The combined effect of high-frequency ultrasound and Metrogyl Denta gel makes it possible to create a drug depot in the periodontal tissues.

A study was conducted in 149 patients with diagnoses of thoracoabdominal trauma. In order to objectify the severity of the patients’ condition, a visual analog scale was used. To assess the state of the function of the autonomic nervous system in patients of the comparison group and the main group after the therapy, an analysis of heart rate variability was performed during the day. The combined use of dalargin, a narcotic analgesic and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, provided good analgesia, neurovegetative protection, when examined in the emergency room, the victims of the main group were in contact, which contributed to a more thorough collection of complaints, anamnesis and examination of the patient.

The article discusses the decision of some problems connected with the distribution of increased state academic scholarships, such as: late submission of documents, lengthy processing of applications, the paper version of the filing documents that complicate the process of submission and consideration of applications and documents into a higher state academic scholarship, thereby increasing the burden on the members of the scholarship Commission and directorates of the institutions.The aim of this work is to find ways to improve the efficiency and accessibility of this process through an information system that will allow you to submit achievements for authentication and applications for an increased state academic scholarship online, track your position in the ranking in real time, view the achievements of other students directly from the rating system.Information system design is implemented using a new stack of information design and development approaches. The article pays special attention to the design of the database and the interface part of the application. The article presents a working web application “administration of the achievement accounting system”.

Highly filled bio-composites based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) with cellulose and wood flour were prepared in the previous parts of the study. The aim of this work was to dilute them with a polyethylene (PE), to prepare new bio-composites with lower EVA content and to investigate the effect of EVA/PE ratio on the mechanical properties. It was shown that melt flow index (MFI) and elongation at break increased additively with an increase of EVA content in the composition, but yield strength had an inverse tendency. The obtained results are extremely useful for choosing the right composition for the industrial implementation.

This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Ukraine, project 2020.02/0217. IK would also like to thank VIAA, State Education Development Agency for Latvian state fellowship. HK would like to thank Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, project for young researchers No. 0119U100435. In addition, SP and AAP are thankful for financial support from Latvian Council of Science via grant lzp-2018/2-0083. HK and AAP are grateful for the support from the COST Action CA17126., The paper discusses the results of temperature studies of polymer-based nanocomposites obtained by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes in thin layers of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate), specifically focusing on interesting features in the dependencies of electrical properties across the wide range of temperatures from ambient one down to 10 K. --//-- This is the preprint version of the following article: I. Karbovnyk, H. Klym, S. Piskunov, A. A. Popov, D. Chalyy, I. Zhydenko and D. Lukashevych,The impact of temperature on electrical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites, Low Temperature Physics, 46, 1231 (2020), DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0002479, which has been published in final form at https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/10.0002479., National Research Foundation of Ukraine, project 2020.02/0217; VIAA; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, project for young researchers No. 0119U100435; Latvian Council of Science via grant lzp-2018/2-0083; COST Action CA17126; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART².

Objective: to assess vitamin D repletion in prospective cohort of late postmenopausal women and to establish the contribution of vitamin D deficiency and measures for its prevention to physical functioning of women. Material and methods. 107 postmenopausal Middle Urals region residents were recruited to a prospective cohort nested cross-sectional study. The data were obtained from 2016 to 2019. Results. According to the concentration level of 25(OH)D, an adequate level was detected in 24 patients (22.4%), insufficiency in 35 (32.7%), deficiency in 48 cases (44.8%). No significant seasonal differences in vitamin D levels were found. Patients significantly differed in age, according to the wrist dynamometry of dominant hand and according to results of tandem test. By the inclusion visit, 89 patients (83.1%) were not receiving vitamin D supplementation, 18 persons (16.8%) were compliant to cholecalciferol prophylactic doses consumption, had significantly higher values of 25(OH)D in the blood. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the group not receiving cholecalciferol were significantly more common than in the group who followed the recommendations. Conclusion. Deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D are detected with high frequency in the residents of the Middle Urals in late postmenopause. Prophylactic administration of cholecalciferol did not achieve optimal concentration of vitamin D, but contributed to its higher values. Women who were optimally provided with vitamin D had significantly better physical functioning.

Binary and ternary composites based on low-density polyethylene and a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate with / without the addition of microcrystalline cellulose have been investigated. The analysis of microstructure of the filled composites has shown more uniform distribution of particles at the mechanochemical treatment of the composite melt. Based on DSC study results, polymers amorphisation in the composites occurred under ultrasonic action. The stress-related characteristics of the materials increased that is explained by improved compatibility and partial copolymerization of the blended polymers.

Using instrumental indentation, we studied the regularity of elastoplastic deformation of workpieces from alloys aluminum AMc, titanium VT23 and steels 45, HVG with FCC, HCP and BCC lattices, respectively. It was shown that with increasing indentation depth, instrumental hardness (H1T), elastic modulus (E1T), their ratios (HIT/EIT) tend to the values of classical microhardness Hµ, Young’s modulus E and their ratio (Hµ/E). The nature of localization of plastic deformation of alloys near the surface of the indenter is determined. The reason for the hard workability of titanium-based alloys is determined.

The effect of temperature modes and heating rates (Vh) on the shrinkage kinetics of submicron and fine aluminum oxide powders has been studied. The objects of research comprised (i) submicron alfa-Al2O3 powder, (ii) submicron alfa-Al2O3 powder with an amorphous layer on particle surface, (iii) fine alfa-Al2O3 powder. The alumina ceramic specimens were produced by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Equally fine powders (i) and (ii) were used to analyze the effect of an amorphous layer on sintering kinetics. Powders (i) and (iii) were used to analyze the effect of the initial particle size on shrinkage kinetics. Shrinkage curves were analyzed using the Young-Cutler and Coble models. It has been shown that sintering kinetics is determined by the intensity of grain boundary diffusion for submicron powders and by simultaneous lattice and grain boundary diffusion for fine powders. It has been determined that an amorphous layer on the surface of submicron alfa-Al2O3 powder affects grain boundary migration rate and the Coble equation parameters at SPS final stages. It has been suggested that abnormal characteristics of the alumina ceramics sintered from a submicron powder with an amorphous layer on the particle surface are associated with an increased concentration of defects at grain boundaries that were formed during crystallization of the amorphous layer., Comment: 62 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables, 67 references

The efficacy of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis no. 2 and humic preparation Stimulife on yield and fruit formation in sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) was studied using the technologies with their separate and combined applications. The application of Bacillus subtilis no. 2 was shown to decrease the coefficients of variation in the leaf and fruit masses of pepper plants. The maximum directional effects of the above preparations were revealed by graph analysis. The effects of Bacillus subtilis no. 2 and HP Stimulife are focused on increasing the number of leaves on pepper plants and decreasing the vegetation period of the plants, respectively; their joint effect is focused on increasing the number of fruits on a single plant. Factor analysis has shown that the combined use of Bacillus subtilis no. 2 and HP Stimulife has a negative synergistic effect on chlorophyll (a + b) and growth duration. The varieties of pepper plants exhibited different responses to the above preparations. It has been concluded that the humic preparation, in addition to a direct effect on plants, can also manifest its physiological activity indirectly through the activation of auxin synthesis by PGPR bacteria associatively related to plants.