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Background. Melanoma of the skin is characterized by a rapid progression and early metastasis. It has been shown the disseminated tumor cells, which are often found in the bone marrow, has an important prognostic value. The study of disseminated tumor cells in melanoma might be one of the possible additional sources of information about the nature of the disease and potential application points for drug therapy. Aim. To study the frequency of detection of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow in melanoma, depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of the tumor. Materials and methods. The study included 67 patients with a verified diagnosis of melanoma who were examined and treated at the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2014 to 2019 years. Male patients accounted for 50.7% (n=34), female patients 49.3% (n=33). The average age of patients: 50.11.6 years. Immunological and morphological examination of the bone marrow were perfomed. Morphological examination was performed by two independent morphologists. Disseminated tumor cells were evaluated by flow cytometry among all nucleated cells (Syto41+) based on the expression of the HMB-45 antigen and the absence of expression of the CD45 panleukocyte antigen (FACS Canto II, USA, Kaluza Analysis v2.1). Statistical data processing was performed using the IBM-SPSS Statistics v.21 Results. Morphologically bone marrow damage was not detected in any case. Disseminated tumor cells (CD45-HMB-45+) in the bone marrow of melanoma patients were detected in 62.7% (n=42) of cases by flow cytometry. The frequency of bone marrow damage in the early stages is not lower than in advanced ones (p=0.029). This is clearly seen in the enlarged analysis. The percentage of DTC detection. At stages I and II was 60.0% (6/10) and 84.6% (11/13), respectively, at stages III and IV 44.4% (8/18) and 65.4% (17/26). In addition, the frequency of detection of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow was higher in young patients (p=0.02). There was no correlation between the frequency of bone marrow damage depending on BRAF status. Conclusion. The connection of disseminated tumor cells with the clinical and morphological characteristics of the melanoma has been established. Melanoma is characterized by frequent bone marrow damage, even in the early stages, in young patients.

The problems of licensing and licensing control of medical activities in the Russian Federation are related to the fundamental responsibility of healthcare - to comply with federal standards of safety, quality and accessibility. The introduction of special diagnostic equipment into the activities of the institutions of medical and social expertise of the Russian Federation and the obligation to use it for expert needs from 2022 has become the time to answer the questions: what are the safety and quality requirements when carrying out work using special diagnostic equipment; whether the organizational and managerial schemes of the activities of institutions of medical and social expertise should change; whether this is a new level of development of medical and social expertise or an expansion of the competencies of functional diagnostics; Are we standing at the origins of a new type of medical activity, and is there much new in this? Answers to these questions should not be expected from the future, putting at risk, in a period of uncertainty and searching for solutions, the life and health of patients, but it is advisable to look in the history of domestic medicine and science, their best practices, adapting them to the strict compliance with the legal field of our country today today.Проблемы лицензирования и лицензионного контроля медицинской деятельности в Российской Федерации связаны с фундаментальной обязанностью здравоохранения - соответствовать федеральным нормам безопасности, качества и доступности. Внедрение в деятельность учреждений медико-социальной экспертизы Российской Федерации специального диагностического оборудования и обязательность его использования с 2022 г. для экспертных нужд стало временем ответа на вопросы: каковы требования безопасности и качества при проведении работ с использованием специального диагностического оборудования; должны ли измениться организационная и управленческая схемы деятельности учреждений медико-социальной экспертизы; новый ли это уровень развития медико-социальной экспертизы или расширение компетенций функциональной диагностики; стоим ли мы у истоков нового вида медицинской деятельности и много ли в этом нового? Ответы на эти вопросы не следует ожидать от будущего, подвергая риску в период неопределённости и поиска путей решения жизнь и здоровье пациентов, а целесообразно искать в истории отечественной медицины и науки, их лучших практиках, адаптируя их под строгое соответствие правового поля нашей страны дня сегодняшнего.

Purpose of the study: to study the neurological status, anamnesis data and electroencephalography in patients with autism spectrum disorders.Material and methods. The study involved 54 children with autism spectrum disorders aged from 3 to 7 years. Anamnestic data were studied, neurological and electroencephalographic studies were performed.Results. The following were identified as the main antenatal and intranatal risk factors for the formation of neurological disorders: gestosis, the threat of termination of pregnancy, weakness of labor and an increase in the duration of the anhydrous period in mothers. A significant number of children were born prematurely and had signs of intrauterine hypoxia at birth. When examining the neurological status, the majority of patients revealed motor and coordination disorders, disorders of tactile sensitivity. Electroencephalography made it possible to register in most patients a delay in the formation of the rhythm of the bioelectrical activity of the brain. Periodic regional decelerations were detected in 9 cases, and epileptiform activity — in 5 cases.Conclusion. Disorders in the neurological status in children with autism spectrum disorders were noted in the form of mild motor symptoms, disorders of motor coordination and tactile sensitivity.

The Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS in cooperation with the Russian Federal Nuclear Center VNIITF performs a series of researches aimed at acquiring a relative electron beam with energy up to 20 MeV, current up to 2 kA, and duration up to 200 ns at normalized emittance ca. 1000 π∙mm∙rad in a linear induction accelerator (LIA). In order to generate electron beams with such parameters we require thorough investigation of all main sources of perturbation of electron beam trajectory caused by different instabilities that occur during the transport and acceleration of a high currency beam in the accelerating structure of LIA. For the experimental series on measuring the dynamics of transverse oscillation of a beam, we applied a set of fast current transformers which are used for registration of beam current and mode fields caused by this beam in the structure. These measurements were performed for the electron beam with the energy of 8.5 MeV and current of 1 kA going through the structure at different modes of focusing magnetic fields size in LIA. As a result, we registered oscillation of the electromagnetic field of normal modes in the accelerating modules of LIA, as well as we determined the dependence of the oscillation amplitude of these modes’ EM field on the number of accelerating module. This dependence was compared with the result of modeling of development dynamics of transverse instability in LIA that was performed using the created program system. This allowed us to determine the size of the increment of transverse instability of a relativistic electron beam under the given experimental conditions. Based on the acquired results, we made the analysis of possibility to use the beam generated in ILA as a driver for the FEL generator of coherent impulses of THz radiation within the frequency range of 0.3–1.2 THz with a sub-gigawatt level of power.

В статье анализируются причины перехода к компетентностной парадигме образования. Рассматривается определение целей школьного образования с позиций компетентностного подхода.

The article presents the results of studies on the transverse instability of a high-current relativistic electron beam developing in a linear induction accelerator LIA for 5 MeV electron energy, which is created at the BINP SB RAS together with RFNC VNIITF. These results were obtained using a software package that makes it possible to simulate the dynamics of the instability development, as well as to calculate the increment of this instability averaged over the accelerator length. The package consists of four main parts. The first of them, made on the base of a three-dimensional model of the accelerating module electrodynamic system of the LIA, allows calculating the main characteristics of electromagnetic dipole modes of such a module, the second and third parts are designed to find three-dimensional accelerating electric and focusing magnetic fields, respectively. In the last part of the package, a system of ordinary differential equations is solved that describes both the motion of beam macroparticles in electric and magnetic fields, including the eigenmode fields, and the excitation of the mode fields by the electron beam. The adequacy of the physical models used in the software package was tested by comparing the spectra of field oscillations in the accelerator modules obtained in calculations and recorded in the experiment. On the base of the data obtained, the main regularities of the transverse beam instability development in the frequency range ∆f = 0.3–1.1 GHz were revealed, and possible methods for suppressing this instability in the LIA were proposed.

This article describes the modified version of the commercially produced pseudospark switch TPI1-10k/50 (pulsed current—10 kA and anode voltage—up to 50 kV) and the results of testing. The main idea of the modification was to use the high-voltage electrode system of this switch but to incorporate the novel trigger unit in the main cathode cavity. This unit uses the auxiliary glow discharge with hollow cathode and hollow anode. The modified switch is intentionally developed for parallel operation of a large number of the switches to a common load. In such conditions, the nanosecond triggering stability of the switches is required. The results of tests demonstrate that the minimum delay time of triggering (the time interval between the instant of arrival of the trigger pulse and the instant of starting the main discharge current) amounts to 80 ns with a jitter of 3 ns. At a decreased hydrogen pressure, the delay time is not increased essentially and amounts to 105 ns with a jitter of 6 ns.

The article presents the investigation results on the main angular divergence sources of a high-current relativistic electron beam when it passes through a real 12° bend magnet of the transport system in the linear induction accelerator (LIA), being developed by collaboration of Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Novosibirsk, Russia, and Russian Federal Nuclear Center—Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF). The main results of the work are the calculated trajectories of the beam electrons, the shape of its cross section, as well as the change in the normalized emittance of the beam as it passes through the region of the bend magnet. It was shown that at typical beam parameters—electron energy of 20 MeV, beam current of 2 kA, and beam radius of 2 cm—the emittance of a high-current relativistic electron beam with uniform current and charge densities after the bend element is determined mostly by the magnet aberrations and much less by the beam self-fields. Optimization of the dipole magnet geometry made it possible to achieve a substantial decrease in the beam emittance with geometric expansion of the magnet in the median plane of the beam.

This article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies on the electrodynamic system of an accelerator module, which is a part of the linear induction accelerator (LIA) (BINP and RFNC-VNIITF). In the course of this research, 3-D models of the LIA accelerator module with the geometry close to the real one have been created. These models allowed us to calculate the main parameters of the electromagnetic eigenmodes for these modules. To verify the calculation results, an experimental stand permitting to register the spectral properties of the dipole modes has been built. The main results of the work are the electromagnetic field distributions of the modes in the accelerator module obtained in modeling, as well as the mode spectra calculated and registered in “cold” experiments (without beam). Based on the obtained data, the main features of the oscillation’s spectral composition and their $Q$ -factors have been established in the frequency range $f\approx 300{(\!{-}\!)}1100$ MHz, and the effective methods for suppressing these oscillations have been proposed. The development of such methods is absolutely necessary in order to reduce the increment of the beam breakup (BBU) instability, which is the main obstacle in the increase of the beam current in LIA.

In recent years, silicon dioxide nanoparticles have been widely used in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, however, their effect on the brain has hardly been studied. We assessed the effects of long-term consumption of 5-nm amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) by Syrian hamsters infected with the trematodes Opisthorchis felineus on the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Spectroscopic determination of brain neurometabolites, performed using a horizontal Magnetic Resonance Imaging system at 11.7 Tesla magnetic field, has shown that the ratio of the excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate + glutamine + aspartate) to the inhibitory ones (GABA + glycine) was higher in the animals infected with O. felineus. However, pre-consumption of the SiO2-NPs solution prevented this imbalance. In addition, the protective effect of SiO2-NPs on the level of myo-inositol and glycine was found. It is concluded that the use of SiO2-NPs can neutralize the negative effects of infectious factors on the brain.

The issue of high-current electron-beam transport in the LIA-5 accelerator is discussed. The results of numerical simulation of beam transport in the 15-m-long LIA-5 accelerator channel are presented. The ASTRA macroparticle (PIC) code and two codes developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (a code based on the solution of the Kapchinsky–Vladimirsky system of equations (K–V envelope code) and the UltraSAM code implementing the method of boundary integral equations) are used in this simulation. The experimental data agree closely with the simulation results. The electron-beam envelope is reconstructed based on the experimental luminophore data using the K–V envelope code with a genetic algorithm.

We review the recent results obtained by the KEDR experiment in the charmonium energy range. They include the measurements of $J/\psi$ meson total and partial widths and exclusive branching fractions, study of $D^+$ and $D^0$ meson masses and R between 1.8 and 7.0 GeV.

Project of submillimeter free electron laser (FEL) is developed at BINP in collaboration with IAP [1] . The FEL scheme is based on a high current electron beam (E e = 5−20 MeV, I b = 1−2 kA, τ= 160−200 ns) generated at the new linear induction accelerator (LIA) [2] , [3] . According to our theoretical analysis, such beam allows us to generate coherent pulses of submm-radiation in the frequency range 0.3-1 THz. The radiation power in such scheme can reach a sub-megawatt level and the energy content up to ~100 J.

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that determine the formation of a certain type of personality who has committed suicidal attempts at a young age. In order to identify the types of suicides, there was conducted a survey of 25 doctors in psychiatric clinical hospitals in Moscow. The survey results were processed using cluster analysis. To identify the factorial conditioning of suicidal behavior of each personality type, a complex of psychodiagnostic techniques was used, focused on the study of the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of the personality. The obtained empirical data were processed with the help of factor analysis. Between the ages of 24 and 35, common types of persons with suicidal tendencies are "protester" (negative attitudes toward life and its foundations, repeated attempts to prove oneself right with a high level of pretensions, and low level of development of abilities necessary for self-realization), "self-isolating" (a conviction of their failure and lack of right to life), "self-destructive" (excessive self-criticism and self-blaming).

The purpose of the study is Assess the effectiveness of an activating model of vocational training at a university for persons with disabilities as competitive specialists. The developed model was implemented in a formative experiment that lasted from 2014 to 2018 – from the 1st to the 4th year of higher education programs in different training areas. The experimental group consisted of 18 inclusive student groups, where 416 students graduated in 2018, 71 were graduate students with disabilities. The proof of the effectiveness of the developed model is the fact that the percentage distribution of students with disabilities, who made up the experimental and control groups, according to the levels of their academic, practical, and personal readiness, significantly differed from each other by the end of the experiment. The variety of teaching methods, the alternation of traditional, standard methods with methods of activating cognitive activity, even without the use of special technical means, determine the success of memorizing educational and scientific information by persons with disabilities.

An important element of the human musculoskeletal system is the hip joint, it has a complex structure. The hip joint is very vulnerable and can sometimes be severely affected. Injuries, degenerative processes in cartilage, and excessive physical exertion create conditions for destructive changes in the structures of the hip joint. Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the structure of the joint form the need for endoprosthetics. After endoprosthetics, a complex rehabilitation process is needed, which should be based on regular dosed physical exercises, which do not allow weakening the muscles, which provide movement in it, and rationally combine them with massage and hydro-procedures. In this way, it is possible to return the optimal motor ability of the limb after hip joint arthroplasty and to ensure a person’s return to his normal life. Improving the efficiency of recovery after hip arthroplasty can be continued with further research in this direction.

Modern science is actively studying developmental disorders in preschool children with mental retardation. Many mechanisms for the formation of mental retardation in preschoolers have been elucidated. It is recognized that the preschool age is most favorable for the successful correction of the development of such children. Considering that the general development is directly related to the level of speech formation and the mental activity, it was decided to evaluate the corrective possibilities of logorhythmics in children with mental retardation. To assess the developmental characteristics of such children, a set of complementary research methods was applied in dynamics. It includes: the “House” method, the method of studying the sound-absorbing side of speech, the method of studying attention “Find the difference”, the method of studying thinking “Understanding pictures with hidden meaning”, the method of researching the level of vocabulary development and general awareness “Show and tell”. The author’s logorithmic correctional program showed its advantages in comparison with the traditional correction in relation to the development of personal, intellectual and speech development in children with mental retardation. This was confirmed during the comparison of the results of correction in the experimental and control groups, which proved that logopedic rhythmics is the preferred means of enhancing development in preschool children with mental retardation.

The article raises the problem of preparing future social lawyers for the provision of legal services of a new level, based on the introduction of digital technologies and innovative information systems in practice. The authors express the idea that the formation in modern conditions of a professional-informational culture of future lawyers can become the basis for solving serious problems of the transformation of legal professions, due to the objective processes of digital globalization.

In recent years, silicon dioxide nanoparticles have been widely used in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, however, their effect on the brain has hardly been studied. We assessed the effects of long-term consumption of 5-nm amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO

The article is devoted to the actual problem of training people with disabilities and disabilities as competitive specialists in adaptive physical culture. The authors substantiate the relevance of the study; reveal the essence of competitiveness as the ability of persons with disabilities to compete in the labor market on a par with specialists who do not have limited health opportunities. Based on the theoretical analysis and personal experience of pedagogical activity, the authors develop criteria and indicators for the level of preparedness of students with disabilities as future specialists in adaptive physical culture. As the main criteria, the authors consider the levels of theoretical, practical and personal readiness of students to implement future professional activities. According to the authors, each criterion includes a number of individual criteria that reflect the knowledge, skills, skills, professionally important qualities of their personality and the ways of their implementation, which constitute the content of general cultural, professional and professional competencies required by trainers-methodologists and trainers-teachers adaptive physical culture to successfully perform their work functions. The results of the study can serve as a basis for the development of diagnostic tools for pedagogical monitoring of the level of professional preparedness of persons with disabilities and disabilities as competitive specialists in adaptive physical culture.

The experimental results presented below shine a light upon the physics of phase transition processes during melting, intensive evaporation, and subsequent explosive destruction of stony meteorites entering the Earth’s atmosphere.

Different methods have been proposed for the incorporation of a dye, vanadyl tetra-5,14,23,32-phenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine, into the shells of polyelectrolyte capsules. Capsule preparation conditions have been selected to provide efficient incorporation of the dye and stability of capsules to aggregation. A suspension of the capsules has been irradiated with lasers operating at wavelengths belonging to the near-infrared spectral region. It has been found that the capsules can be disrupted under the irradiation. Continuous and pulsed laser radiations have been shown to have different effects on the capsules.

The work addresses the use of electron beam produced by the linear induction accelerator to generate terahertz radiation pulses of 100 MW power level based on a free electron laser scheme. The beam parameters required for efficient generation are given. The features of transverse beam dynamics when transporting the beam through the linac are investigated. Emphasis is put on the electron injector which geometry and operation parameters mainly determine the beam characteristics at the linac exit. Most of the possible factors contributing to the beam emittance gain in the accelerator are considered. The obtained analytical estimates are compared to the numerical simulation results. The experimental results on compressing and transporting the beam having the electron energy of 5 MeV and the current of 1 kA in the transport system of free electron laser are presented.

The problem of producing high-current electron beams with relatively small lateral sizes and small velocity spread is more than a hundred years old. The continuous improvement of near-ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation sources (lasers with harmonics generators) allows significantly improving the parameters of existing electron guns. This paper discusses some problems in the development of electron guns with photocathodes and considers possible ways of using laser photocathodes in the electron guns designed at the Budker INP SB RAS.

The interaction in the Hf–C system during mechanical activation performed in a high-energy planetary ball mill and the irradiation-assisted fabrication of hafnium carbide from an Hf/C mechanocomposite are studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (at a quantum energy of 33.7 keV) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The mechanochemical interaction results in the formation of an Hf/C mechanocomposite at the first stage and mechanical activation for ≥8 min forms hafnium carbide. The irradiation of the Hf/C mechanocomposite with a high-energy electron beam (~150 W/mm2) causes melting and spreading of hafnium over the carbon particle surface and the crystallization of hafnium carbide.

Multicomponent (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Ti, and Nb) powder alloys prepared by milling five- to seven-component equiatomic mixtures of elemental powders in a Fritsch (P-7) planetary mill have been characterized by differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that, if the starting mixture contains Al, the BCC solid solution formed as a result of the milling undergoes heating-induced CsCl-type ordering (β-phase). If not only Al but also Ti are present in the starting mixture, further heating causes the β-phase to convert to an L21 phase with the composition (Ni,Co)TiAl. The elements Cr and Fe form a tetragonal σ-phase. The presence of Nb in the starting mixture suppresses the formation of the σ- phase and favors the formation of a hexagonal Laves phase of complex composition: (Fe,Co)CrNb.

The process of electron beam welding of stainless steel in a strong magnetic field is investigated. It is shown to be possible to suppress the fluctuations of the penetration depth in the root part of the welded joint in electron beam welding of non-magnetic metals and alloys. The fluctuations are suppressed by restricting the penetration depth by rotating the electron beam. A permanent dipole magnet with a rapidly decreasing magnetic field is used to distort the trajectories of the electron beam and rotate it.

Thermal conditions for the additive manufacture of components by melting metal and alloy wire are presented. In an experiment, a prototype 3D printer is used to print components in vacuum.

The basic techniques for nondestructive diagnostics and detection of losses of charged particle beams used in accelerator engineering are reviewed. The data provided may help choose the systems for diagnostics and detection of losses of beams and give a qualitative picture of the operation principles of such devices. Quantitative characteristics that define the limits of applicability of each diagnostic technique are outlined.

The paper presents the first results of development of manufacturing technology of metallic chromium targets from highly enriched isotope 50Cr for irradiation in a high flux nuclear reactor to obtain a compact high intensity neutrino source with low content of radionuclide impurities and minimum losses of enriched isotope. The main technological stages are the hydrolysis of chromyl fluoride, the electrochemical reduction of metallic chromium, the hot isostatic pressing of chromium powder and the electrical discharge machining of chromium bars. The technological stages of hot isostatic pressing of chromium powder and of electrical discharge machining of Cr rods have been tested.

Ternary and quaternary alloys of the Nb-Al-Si and Nb-Al-Si-C systems have been produced by mechanochemical synthesis. Our results demonstrate that the milling of a 62Nb + 19Al + 19Si ternary mixture, whose composition corresponds to that of the intermetallic phase Nb10Al3Si3, leads to the formation of an amorphous phase, whereas the milling of a 86Nb + 9Al + 5Si mixture, corresponding to a solid solution, results in the formation of a two-phase mixture, consisting of an amorphous phase and a nanostructured (7 nm) bcc solid solution. The addition of graphite to the starting mixtures homogenizes the MS products and reduces their particle size to ≃2 nm. The milling of a mixture with the composition Nb10Al3Si3C10 causes no changes in phase composition. The milling of a 78Nb + 8Al + 5Si + 9C mixture leads to the formation of an additional phase: nanoparticulate niobium carbide. Using differential thermal analysis, we have identified the sequence of transformations underlying the transition of the MS alloys to an equilibrium state. After the compaction of the MS powders by hot isostatic pressing, the samples prepared from the graphite-containing mixtures were more homogeneous in the case of both the alloys based on the intermetallic phase and the Nb-based solid solutions. The carbide nanoparticles precipitating on grain boundaries increase the hardness HV of the alloys by almost 30%: from 12.75 to 18.13 GPa for the samples corresponding to the intermetallic phase and from 4.76 to 6.85 GPa for the samples corresponding to solid solutions.

Several facilities for electron-beam welding have been developed and fabricated at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A prototype of the system designed for accurate determination of the welded seam position before the welding process and aiming of the electron beam during the welding process is described. For this purpose, the difference in scattering of electrons (and formation of secondary electrons) by the seam and by the surface of the welded workpiece is used, which allows recording the seam image by scanning with a low-current beam. A block diagram of the prototype and basic algorithms of its operation (both tested and proposed for the future) is given. Results of testing and trial operation of the first prototype of the electron-beam welding facility are considered.

Currently strapdown inertial units (SIU) and navigation systems without temperature control systems are increasingly used in gyroscopy in order to reduce their mass-dimension characteristics and power consumption, and to minimize the readiness time. To provide acceptable accuracy of the system in a wide temperature range of an equipment compartment, algorithmic compensation for the thermal errors of sensors and electronic units is introduced [1]. A SIU without thermostabilization is currently developed at the Research Institute of Applied Mechanics named after Academician V.I. Kuznetsov. The system is designed to measure increments of the projections of the object's vectors of angular rate of rotation and linear acceleration on three mutually orthogonal axes of the body frame during the sample time and to transfer the information to the aircraft navigation system. The sensors of the system are quartz pendulum torque-to-balance accelerometers [2,3] and dynamically tuned gyroscopes (DTG) [3,4].

The algorithm of operations of the automatic control system of the robot feed distribution in the cattle barn is proposed. The requirements for the workflow of a technological operation and of a robot are formulated. The main parameters of the control system are highlighted. The main parameters are data on orientation in space and time. An example of the length of time of technological operations in a typical cowshed with the type of feeding through the feed table is described. Orientation parameters in the barn space are set by control points and the distance between them. The main function of trimming the feed is described using the parameters of the distance of the feeder space.

The LIA-2 linear induction accelerator was developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics as an electron beam injector for a building induction accelerator at energy of 20 MeV, on the basis of which a complex for flash radiography will be developed. The LIA-2, which was started up in 2010, is currently used as an independent X-ray unit for raying objects with an optic thickness up to 70 mm in the lead equivalent. The effective diameter of the X-ray source is 0.6–0.7 mm.