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This study aimed to assess the biochemical profiles of Citrus L. seeds and elucidate the correlation patterns among varieties based on their biochemical compositions. Samples of Citrus L. seeds were subjected to extraction, and the resulting oils were analyzed for their biochemical levels. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was usedto unveil the relationship patterns among Citrus L. The research findings revealed that several citrus seeds, including C. Paradise, C. limon (L.) Burm.f., Citrus reticulate, C. maxima (Burm.) Merr., and Citrus sinensis, exhibited similarities in their compositions of flavonoid compounds, phenolic acids, and carotenoids. However, aromatic volatile compounds displayed variations among varieties without discernible patterns of similarity. The N-serotonin compound exhibited significant variations among varieties; whereas fatty acid compounds demonstrated similarities between Citrus latifolia and C. limon (L.) Burm.f. The eight samples showed no similarity in their biochemical variation patterns.

This study intended to describe the effectiveness of the GEM-CL learning model selaras Bakar Batu cultural practice on chapter heat and temperature. This type of research was quasi-experiment with pretest and post-test control group design. The study population was all students of class XI IPA SMAN 1 Jayapura. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The selected classes were XI IPA-3 as an experimental class and class XI IPA-5 as a control class. Data collection instruments were tests based on higher-order thinking skills and questionnaires to collect students’ responses. Data analysis was done by t-test, N-gain, and effect size for data collecting from test data while data from questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive qualitative analysis. It was concluded that the model is effective to apply in physics learning to preserve students’ conceptual understanding and improve students’ higher-order thinking skills. Further study on GEM-CL to other cultural practices and physics chapter in Indonesia would would strengthen this learning model.

The Bohr Mottelson Hamiltonian with the variable of β collective shape for the Woods-Saxon potential in the rigid deformed nucleus for γ=0 and the X(3) model was investigated in the presence of the minimal length formalism. The Bohr Mottelson Hamiltonian was solved approximately by proposing a new wave function. The q-deformed hyperbolic potential concept such that the rigid deformed nucleus of the Bohr Mottelson equation in the minimal length formalism for Woods-Saxon potential was used, so that the equation was reduced to the form of Schrodinger-like equation with cotangent hyperbolic potential. The hypergeometric method was used to obtain the energy spectra equation and the unnormalized wave function of the system. The results showed that the energy spectra were affected by the quantum number, the minimal length parameter, and the atomic mass. The larger mass of the atom affected the energy spectra to decrease, the increase of the values of the minimal length affected the increase of the energy spectra of all atoms. The energy spectra were used to determine the thermodynamic properties including the partition function, mean energy, specific heat, free energy, and entropy of the quantum system with the help of the imaginary error function.

The rigid deformed nucleus of minimal length effect is investigated using the Bohr-Mottelson equation that influenced by cotangent hyperbolic potential. The Bohr-Mottelson equation in effect a minimum length resolved hypergeometric method for determining the energy spectrum and the wave functions. Energy spectrum was calculated using Matlab software and the wave function is displayed in the form of hypergeometric.

The application of minimal length formalism in Klein-Gordon equation with Hulthen potential was studied in the case of scalar potential that was equal to vector potential. The approximate solution was used to solve the Klein-Gordon equation within the minimal length formalism. The relativistic energy and wave functions of Klein-Gordon equation were obtained by using the Asymptotic Iteration Method. By using the Matlab software, the relativistic energies were calculated numerically. The unnormalized wave functions were expressed in hypergeometric terms. The results showed the relativistic energy increased by the increase of the minimal length parameter. The unnormalized wave function amplitude increased for the larger minimal length parameter.

The motion of a nucleon in q-deformed Eckart potential field coupled with Yukawa-type tensor potential is described by using Dirac equation. The bound state solutions of Dirac equation for q-deformed Eckart potential with Yukawa-type tensor potential under exact spin- and pseudospin-symmetric limit are obtained using finite Romanovski polynomials. The approximate relativistic energy spectra are exactly obtained within the approximation scheme of centrifugal term. The relativistic energy is negative for pseudospin symmetry and positive for spin symmetry. The radial component of Dirac spinors are obtained in terms of Romanovski polynomials under exact spin- and pseudospin-symmetric conditions. The relativistic energy spectrum for the exact spin-symmetric case reduces to non-relativistic energy spectrum in the non-relativistic limit.

Wave propagation for transverse electric (TE) mode in a graded interface between left-handed and right-handed material has been investigated by using asymptotic iteration method. By using hyperbolic functions for negative permittivity and negative permeability, we obtained the graded graphs of permittivity and permeability as a function of material thickness. Maxwell equation for the dielectric with the hyperbolic function in permittivity and permeability has been reduced to second orde differential equation. The second orde differential equation has been solved by using asymptotic iteration method with the eigen functions in complementary error functions. The eigen functions explained about the wave propagation in a graded interface of material. The distribution of the electric field and the wave vector were given in approximate solution.

We study the exact solution of Dirac equation in the hyperspherical coordinate under influence of separable q-deformed quantum potentials. The q-deformed hyperbolic Rosen-Morse potential is perturbed by q-deformed noncentral trigonometric Scarf potentials, where all of them can be solved by using Asymptotic Iteration Method (AIM). This work is limited to spin symmetry case. The relativistic energy equation and orbital quantum number equation lD-1 have been obtained using Asymptotic Iteration Method. The upper radial wave function equations and angular wave function equations are also obtained by using this method. The relativistic energy levels are numerically calculated using Matlab, and the increase of radial quantum number n causes the increase of bound state relativistic energy level in both dimensions D=5 and D=3. The bound state relativistic energy level decreases with increasing of both deformation parameter q and orbital quantum number nl.

This study aims to describe the development of creativity in elementary school-age pupils inspired using electronic media through self-actualization. Qualitative research was designed with a multicase study and the selection of informants using purposive sampling methods. Data collection involved 30 informants consisting of six pupils, six parents, two principals, ten teachers, two mentors and four peers. In-depth interviews, observations, documentation are used simultaneously to collect data. Data is analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that: (1) the development of pupil's creativity through self-actualization. Four pupils began when sitting in four grade of elementary school, one pupil since sitting in kindergarten and one pupil starting before entering school. Pupils fulfil the requirements of creativity by having a level of intelligence, verbal intelligence and creative behaviour, (2) teachers in the learning process assisted by electronic media to make it easier for children, (3) pupils have been inspired by electronic media (television, computers, internet) in themselves-actualizing. Pupils used to electronic media for entertainment, academic and other information as new knowledge. Finally, this study found that the development of pupil's creativity is inspired by the electronic media accompanied by parents or adults.

Many nutrients found in saltwater fish are thought to promote amelogenesis in ameloblast cells during tooth development. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of LC50 toxicity on saltwater fish powder on zebrafish embryos. The experimental research method was a post-test-only control group design, consisting of eight groups, namely the negative control and the internal group using embryo media, the positive control using 3,4-dichloroanillin, and the treatment group 125 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 1000 µg/ml, 2000 µg/ml, and 4000 µg/ml using 384 zebrafish embryos. Saltwater fish powder is diluted and observed for 96 hours, controlled every 24 hours. There were no dead zebrafish embryos from various concentrations, negative control, and internal control. The toxicity test of saltwater fish powder from the lowest concentration of 125 µg/ml to the highest concentration of 4000 µg/ml showed no signs of zebrafish embryo mortality nor developmental abnormalities. It can be concluded that saltwater fish powder is non-toxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Infectious diseases remain public health issues in Indonesia. However, there remains a knowledge gap on whether breastfeeding can prevent infectious diseases in young children. This study examined the relationship between current breastfeeding and child infections in Indonesia. Methods: Data were derived from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey by including 5158 children aged 6–23 months. The dependent variables were diarrhea, fever, and acute respiratory infection (ARI). The main exposure of interest was the current breastfeeding status. Covariates included factors at the child, maternal, household, health care, and community levels. Results: Around 20%, 38%, and 4% of children experienced diarrhea, fever, and ARI, respectively. Current breastfeeding status was protective against diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61–0.89) but not related to fever (AOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.82–1.11) and ARI (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.70–1.47). Other factors related to diarrhea included female children, older maternal age, maternal higher education, improved drinking water source, and living in Sulawesi. Living in Sumatera and Sulawesi were linked to fever. Higher birth orders and improved toilet facilities were associated with ARI. Conclusion: The findings indicate different levels of factors affecting child infections. Thus, integrating breastfeeding promotions with water, hygiene, and sanitation interventions may help prevent infectious diseases in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic force is one of the concepts in physics that need good mathematical modeling and representation ability to understand. This article presents new learning model to help the student understand this concept with various representation, knowing by doing, and accommodate their mathematics modeling ability. GIMuR model has five phases, namely: (1) Organization and orientation, (2) Sequence and hypothesis, (3) Investigation, (4) Representation, and (5) Evaluation and reflection. The analysis focused on the effectiveness of GIMuR model, the activities of teachers and students during learning, and how mathematical modeling of students and their representation in understanding the magnetic force. The effectiveness of the GIMuR model was tested using a t-test with one tail. Quantitative data in the form of test results and observation of learning implementation while qualitative data in the form of student interviews. The research results indicate that: 1) learning magnetic force by using GIMuR model effectively to improve students' mathematical modeling ability; 2) teacher and student activities in all step of GIMuR model were good categories in rate; 3) teacher should back to basic concept of vector rules before using various hand rules and guided student to reveal the problem in the form of field line diagram sketch and formulas as a way to train students' thinking skills. These results showed that GIMuR could be an alternative model in magnetic force learning and enhanced students' mathematical modeling ability.

This study aims to address students' reading skill problems, such as lack of enthusiasm and interest in learning English reading, poor reading comprehension, and failure to achieve learning objectives and minimum literacy standards (KKM). To overcome these problems, this study used Kahoot and Flipbook as an intervention. This research was conducted at SMP N 33 Padang using one class as a sample selected through purposive sampling, namely class 8.7 with 32 students. The method used was pre-experimental with a single group design given a pretest and posttest. The pretest results showed that the average score of the experimental class was only 53.12, while after using Flipbook and Kahoot, the posttest results increased to 77.65. Data analysis using the t-test shows that the t-count value (14.737) is greater than the t-table (1.696), which means there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of students' reading skills. This finding is supported by several previous studies which also show the effectiveness of using Flipbook and Kahoot in increasing students' interest, motivation, engagement, and comprehension in reading learning. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of Flipbook and Kahoot has a significant effect in improving the reading skills of second grade students of SMPN 33 Padang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]